WO2003073012A1 - Air conditioning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an air conditioning unit for air conditioning rooms containing electric or electronic devices that in particular emit heat. Said unit consists of a unit housing (20), which is located in a room (1) to be air conditioned and comprises an exhaust air and supply air opening (33, 34) that face into the room (1) and a housing opening (24) that faces into a wall opening (100) of the room to be air conditioned (1), said housing opening leading to a combined exhaust air and ambient air plenum (21) having an exhaust air opening (31), an ambient air opening (32) and an exhaust air fan (41). The unit housing (20) itself contains all the additional units necessary for generating and conducting an air stream and for treating the air, in addition to the control and regulation device (9). The air conditioning unit permits an economically optimum operation all year round with minimum power consumption and is characterised by minimum dimensions and a compact construction, whilst integrating all the units necessary for generating and conducting an air stream and for treating the air that are used in air conditioning units of larger dimensions. The unit can also be produced at low cost and with low time expenditure and is easy to transport and install in the room to be air conditioned.

Description

 air conditioning

description

The invention relates to an air conditioner for air conditioning, in particular of rooms with heat-emitting electrical or electronic devices.

Air conditioning systems for air conditioning rooms are divided into systems with and without a ventilation function, systems with a ventilation function having facilities for conveying and introducing outside air into the room to be air-conditioned, while systems without a ventilation function as circulating air conditioning systems have no outside air conveyance and introduction and in pure recirculation mode work. Both types of ventilation systems include the use of four thermodynamic air treatment functions, namely heating, cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying. In addition to these four thermodynamic air treatment functions, air filtering with different filter quality classes can be added in one or more stages.

From EP 0 294 730 B1 an air conditioner with independently driven supply air and exhaust air fans for separate supply air and exhaust air flows, a condenser, an evaporator and a heat pipe as well as a flap system with independently controllable flaps is known. The flaps are connected and controlled both with an outside air connection and with an exhaust air connection the air flows depending on the outside air temperature and the desired room air temperature and humidity. Mixing the outside air / exhaust air flow ratio on the suction side of the fans ensures that only the respective air components are routed via the exhaust air fan or the supply air fan. The suction-side control of the return air or exhaust air portion supplied to the air conditioner improves the overall efficiency of the ventilation unit, so that lower energy and operating costs are the result and a very compact arrangement of the air conditioner is possible.

Cooling systems are used to cool rooms in which heat-generating electrical or electronic devices are arranged, which differ in a variety of process engineering applications. Air conditioning units with a chilled water cooler are known as split systems, to which chilled water is constantly supplied for cooling and dehumidification purposes from an externally installed chiller (chiller). This system requires two units, firstly the air treatment unit with the air cooler and secondly the chiller with the chillers and the condensers for removing the heat energy from the cooling process. In this air conditioner, the thermal energy resulting from the cooling process is usually released into the environment without further use by the condenser fans.

In contrast to the air conditioner with a cold water cooler and an externally installed cold water generator, whose cooling energy is transferred from refrigerants to cold water by heat exchangers, direct evaporation systems work without this implementation. In these direct evaporation systems, the refrigerant is evaporated directly in the pipe system of the evaporator (air cooler), and thus the cooling energy is transferred to the air flows that are moved or conveyed in an air conditioner by fans. This system also needs a condenser to dissipate the thermal energy that results from the cooling process. These systems are also set up externally and include the condensers in addition to the compressors for cooling.

For air conditioning rooms with heat-emitting electrical or electronic

Facilities such as switchgear, because of year-round operation, is an energy-optimized, economical mode of operation in compliance with specified climatic conditions and reliable operation are required. An energy-optimized, economical mode of operation makes a combination of free cooling with any mixture of outside air and exhaust air and the use of refrigeration equipment necessary whenever the climatic conditions do not allow free cooling, whereby it must be ensured that the appropriate outside air is added to the exhaust air flow at all times the necessary amount of air and temperature is reached, which is necessary to ensure the recooling of the refrigeration equipment.

For the optimal air conditioning of small rooms with heat-emitting electrical and electronic devices, there are also requirements regarding the small size of the air conditioning unit, including year-round, economically optimal operation, as well as minimal acquisition, transport and installation costs in relation to the investment costs.

The object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a compact structure, enables year-round, economically optimal operation with minimal energy consumption, and which can be produced at low cost and in a time-saving manner and installed in the room to be air-conditioned is.

This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1.

The air conditioner according to the invention enables year-round, economically optimal operation with minimal energy consumption, is characterized by a minimal size or a compact structure, including all units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment, which are used in air conditioners of a larger design, and is inexpensive. and time expenditure producible, easy to transport and to install in the room to be air-conditioned.

The compact air conditioner according to the invention not only has the units for

Air flow generation, in particular via a supply air and extract air fan unit, but also via all units required for air treatment, namely components required for cooling, such as a compressor, evaporator and condenser. All Units for air treatment are compactly housed within the device housing, which is arranged in the interior of the room to be air-conditioned, or a combined outside air / exhaust air plenum connected or connectable to the device housing.

Despite the small size of the compact air conditioning unit according to the invention, the recooling of the refrigerating device is ensured by the exhaust air flow. Furthermore, for optimal use of free cooling, all or part and in particular, any mixture of outside and exhaust air can be produced, which means that free cooling is used extensively and supplied to the supply air flow, and on the other hand the required air volume and temperature at any time through a suitable addition of outside air to the exhaust air flow is achieved, which is necessary to ensure the recooling of a refrigeration device of the air treatment units.

The solution according to the invention provides the prerequisite for constructive variants which offer considerable advantages in the running operation of the compact air conditioning unit and in the installation of the air conditioning unit in the room to be air-conditioned.

By arranging the units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment in the air flow direction one behind the other between the housing opening leading to the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum and a supply air opening arranged below the housing opening, the air within the compact air conditioner is assembled and guided in such a way that air mixes the cold and warm currents take place in the upper area of the air conditioner, while there is no risk of condensation on metallic components of the air conditioner in the area flowing down to the supply air opening in the lower area of the air conditioner.

By arranging the exhaust air opening opposite the housing opening leading to the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum and essentially at the same height as the housing opening, and by fastening the device housing to the wall of the room to be air-conditioned, which contains the wall opening corresponding to the housing opening in connection with a vertical orientation of the device housing such that the supply air opening in the vicinity of the room floor and the exhaust air opening in the vicinity of the ceiling are directed into the room to be air-conditioned an advantageous arrangement of the supply air flow in the lower area of the room to be air-conditioned and the return or exhaust air and exhaust air flow in the upper area is achieved. This leads to the fact that the cooled air is distributed in the area near the floor and rises as a result of the thermal effect due to the heat of the heat-emitting electrical and electronic devices within the room to be air-conditioned, where the heat is absorbed by the air conditioning unit and returned as return air Exhaust air flows through the action of the air flow generating units.

Another feature of the solution according to the invention is that the supply air exits the supply air opening at a low outlet speed and is directed in such a way that little or no mixing occurs between the supply air and the return air drawn in from the exhaust air opening of the air conditioning unit. By setting this air flow in connection with the above-mentioned features of the structure and the arrangement of the compact air conditioner within the room to be air conditioned, the natural temperature differences and the thermal behavior within the room to be air conditioned are used by the slow supply air flow from below the heat of the heat emitting Absorbs facilities, accumulates heat in the upward flow and releases the absorbed heat in the upper area of the room to be air-conditioned. This adaptation of the flow paths generated by the air conditioner according to the invention to the natural thermals ensures the greatest possible heat absorption and thereby the greatest possible cooling performance.

The combined exhaust air and outside air plenum can preferably be connected to the housing opening of the device housing and contains the exhaust air fan of the units for generating air flow.

Since the compact air conditioner according to the invention is particularly suitable for wall mounting and only requires a central housing opening for outside air intake and for exhaust air opening, the assembly and installation of the air conditioner is considerably simplified without special requirements being placed on the qualification of the fitters. In contrast to the installation of divided air conditioning systems, for the assembly and installation of which highly qualified specialist personnel are required, the ability to assemble and install the compact air conditioning unit according to the invention is sufficient and the experience of a normal installer.

According to a further feature of the invention, the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum is box-shaped, and the exhaust air plenum is arranged above the outside air plenum, so that an exhaust air opening of the exhaust air plenum emits an essentially horizontally directed exhaust air flow and the outside air plenum has a downward outside air opening.

This arrangement of the air-sucking outside air opening and the exhaust air opening prevents a thermal short circuit from occurring, i.e. Exhaust air is sucked in via the outside air connection. It can be assumed that the warm exhaust air or exhaust air flow flows upwards through thermal conditions, whereas the outside air is drawn in in the lower area of the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum.

This constructive design of the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum also results in special weather and rain protection, since the air-sucking outside air opening is particularly protected from rain by the downward orientation, while according to a further feature by the arrangement of weather protection slats on the Exhaust air opening prevents rain.

In addition, the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum can have a floor inclined from the wall opening to the exhaust air opening. This oblique arrangement of the floor panel, in particular in connection with obliquely arranged silencer backdrops within the exhaust air plenum, ensures that even when raindrops fall, they always go outwards, i.e. run away from the device housing and can never get into the interior of the device housing. The exhaust air flow, which permanently flows outside via the weather protection slats, also acts as a rain repellent.

An advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention provides that the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum has different, predetermined lengths which are adapted to the normalized wall thicknesses of the wall of the room to be air-conditioned which has the wall opening. This standardization of the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum, which is preferably connected with a flange connection between the device housing and the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum, ensures, in addition to very simple assembly, inexpensive manufacture and provision of air conditioning units of the type mentioned.

By arranging a soundboard in the upper part of the device housing and by lining the lower part of the device housing with absorption material, possibly in conjunction with highly effective silencers in the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum, the compact air conditioner according to the invention is in terms of noise development both in terms of radiation and optimized with regard to the volume at the air intake and air outlet openings. The effective special silencers reduce the sound level considerably, particularly in the area of the air intake opening, which is of considerable importance for the use of the air conditioning device according to the invention in mixed and residential areas.

A further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention is characterized in that a flap system controlling the air flows is arranged between the exhaust air opening, the supply air opening and the housing opening in the upper region of the device housing.

In addition to the above-mentioned advantage that the air mixture made possible with the flap system is mixed with a mixture of cold and warm currents in the upper area of the air conditioner, so that there is no risk of condensation on metallic components in the outflow area to the supply air opening in the lower area of the device housing the use of free cooling at all times while ensuring the necessary recooling of a refrigeration device or mechanical refrigeration system, which is not possible, for example, with split air conditioning units.

The flap system preferably consists of four crossing flaps to form an outside air, exhaust air, mixed air and recirculating air flow and is the combined opening at the height of the exhaust air opening and the opening aligned with the housing opening Outdoor air and exhaust air plenums arranged.

A further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention is characterized in that a supply air filter is arranged between the flap system and the supply air fan, which consists in particular of a pocket filter with large filter areas and high filter quality.

This arrangement and design of a filter integrated in the compact air conditioner considerably reduces the pressure losses for energy saving compared to conventional plate filters, the pocket filter having the advantage of a compact size with the greatest possible effect.

A further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention is characterized in that the supply air opening is connected to the air outlet cross section of an evaporator of the refrigeration device.

The arrangement of the evaporator of a refrigeration device directly in front of the supply air opening has a special effect on the air flow, since the evaporator acts as a rectifier, so that a low exit velocity is achieved over the entire outlet cross section. This arrangement and the flow behavior are equivalent to a source air outlet, which has a favorable effect on the overall flow behavior within the room to be air-conditioned, also with regard to people who are in the room.

The effect of the cold-generating device is increased in that the condenser and the evaporator have large condenser and evaporator exchanger areas.

In the event that the heat-emitting devices arranged in the room to be air-conditioned do not give off enough heat, according to a further feature of the invention, a heating register is arranged in the flow path of the supply air, preferably in front of the air inlet cross section of the evaporator of the cold-generating device, so that with increased heat demand the supply air can be heated. An essential feature of the solution according to the invention is that the control and regulating device adjusts the independently controllable flaps of the flap system as a function of the outside temperature in such a way that the air conditioning unit consumes a minimal electrical power in every operating state.

With this solution feature, the compact air conditioner is energetically optimized by the regulation and control program adjusting the independently controllable flaps depending on the outside temperature so that the most energetically favorable situation is always selected.

Preferably, the control and regulating device continuously records the outside temperature and the inside temperature within the room to be air-conditioned and controls the flap system and / or cold-generating device in such a way that both free cooling is used and any mixture of outside air and exhaust air is continuously produced and supplied to the supply air flow can, as well as via the flap system by admixing the outside air to the exhaust air, the amount of air required to ensure the recooling of the refrigerating device is achieved.

Through continuous monitoring of the outside and inside temperatures and the resulting decision as to how high the climatic parameters inside and outside are loaded with energy, i.e. with temperature and air humidity, the control and regulating device adjusts the flap system so that the required air flows can be set with minimal energy consumption.

Thanks to the infinitely variable control and the independent control of the flaps of the flap system and the air flows generated between the outside, supply, return and exhaust air, depending on the external climatic conditions and the cooling loads occurring in the room to be air-conditioned, an optimal, energy-saving air conditioning. The stepless regulation and independent control of the flaps make it possible to make optimal use of the climatic conditions distributed over the year by extensive use of free cooling and to dispense with mechanical cooling associated with high energy consumption as far as possible.

The compact design of the air conditioner according to the invention enables the Units for airflow generation, airflow guidance and air treatment within the device housing are completely piped and connected to one another via electrical cable connections or to the control and regulating device that controls the units in such a way that the air conditioning unit is ready for operation after establishing an electrical connection with at least one voltage source.

The separation of the air conditioner according to the invention into a combined outside air and exhaust air plenum and a device housing to be arranged in the interior of the room to be air-conditioned serves for logistical reasons, but also for simple assembly and transport. The combined outside air and exhaust air plenum forms one component with the exhaust air fan, while the other component in the form of the unit housing accommodates all other units and is completely wired and wired ready for operation, with all actuators and sensors as well as power units with the control panel and control - And control device are connected. Both components can be screwed together easily and with simple means and knowledge on site using the flange connection. After the air conditioning unit has been installed and connected to a supply voltage source, the air conditioning unit can be put into operation immediately, since all of its functions can be checked by the manufacturer and correct functioning can be ensured.

Deviating from the otherwise common divided air conditioning systems, the compact air conditioning unit according to the invention forms a unit with the units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment, in which all units are connected to one another ready for operation, so that no refrigeration installations are required on site.

Another special feature of the compact air conditioner according to the invention is that the fans and the control and regulating device are connected to a DC voltage source, preferably to a battery, while the compressor of the refrigerating device is connected to an AC or three-phase network.

This means that the air conditioner has two inlets, namely one

Feed from an existing AC or three-phase network for the compressor and a second feed especially from batteries for all other units of the Air conditioner with the exception of the compressor.

This power supply enables permanent redundancy, in which an uninterruptible power supply is ensured by the fans operated with battery power, since a permanent supply from the batteries takes place without interruption in the event of a power failure. If the local power supply fails, for example, by increasing the speed of the fans, the heat generated in the room to be air-conditioned can largely be removed using the free cooling, the control still being active, since the control device is also powered by batteries.

A special contact within the open-loop and closed-loop control ensures that if the AC or three-phase supply fails, the compressor of the refrigerating device is not operated, since this unit requires a considerable amount of electricity. For this reason, the compressor is connected to the feeding AC or three-phase network and is supplied from this network, but not from the batteries, which only feed the fans and the control and regulating device. This also ensures that in the event of a power failure, the control and regulation device fed from the battery power remains capable of reporting and indicates and reports the power failure fault.

The integration of a redundancy control in the open-loop and closed-loop control device and the connection of several compact air conditioning units of the type mentioned above to a redundancy system or cascade make it possible to use tap changers in which the air conditioning units can be equipped with a redundancy circuit that works on the principle of N + 1 acts, that is, in addition to the air conditioners required for air conditioning the room to be air conditioned, a redundancy device is provided.

In addition, with an arrangement of several air conditioning units, cascade connections are possible depending on the respective power requirement, so that several air conditioning units can be arranged as required within a room to be air-conditioned and thus achieve a good distribution and flow through the entire room.

Based on an embodiment shown in the drawing, the The idea underlying the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a compact air conditioner attached to a wall of a room to be air-conditioned;

Figure 2 - a section through the room to be air-conditioned with the compact air conditioner protruding through a wall opening;

Figure 3 - an enlarged view of the area of the connection of the device housing with the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum and

Figure 4 - an h, x diagram with the climatic conditions in Central Europe entered therein.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a compact air conditioner unit 2 inserted into a wall opening 100 of a wall 10 of a room to be air-conditioned and connected to the wall 10, which consists of a device housing 20 arranged inside the room and a device protruding through the wall opening 100 into the outside space combined outdoor air and exhaust air plenum 21. In the device housing 20, an exhaust air opening 33 and a supply air opening 34 are arranged on the front, that is to say directed into the room to be air-conditioned, the supply air opening 34 being arranged in the area of the device housing 20 near the bottom, while the exhaust air opening 33 is arranged in the upper area of the device housing 20, in particular in a line with the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 is provided.

Between the exhaust air opening 33 and the supply air opening 34 there is a control panel 9 with a control and regulating device connected to it.

The combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 contains an exhaust air opening 31, which is arranged in the axis of the exhaust air opening 33 and the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21, and a downward facing outside air opening 32.

An exhaust air flow FL is emitted essentially horizontally from the exhaust air opening 31 and is then directed upwards due to its heat content, while an outside air stream AL is sucked in from below via the outside air opening 32 becomes. The differently oriented exhaust air and outside air openings 31, 32 prevent a thermal short-circuit, since the warm exhaust air or exhaust air flow FL flows upwards through thermal conditions, while the outside air flow AL is drawn in in the lower region of the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum. The downward-facing outside air opening 32 simultaneously serves as effective weather and rain protection and thus prevents moisture from entering the interior of the air conditioning unit 2 with the sucked-in outside air.

An exhaust air or return air flow RL is sucked in through the exhaust air opening 33 from the room to be air-conditioned and discharged in the outside air supply of the air conditioning unit 2 as an exhaust air flow FL or in recirculation mode of the air conditioning unit 2 as a supply air flow ZL via the air supply opening 34 into the room to be air-conditioned. In mixed operation, part of the return air flow RL is discharged as exhaust air flow FL and part is added to the outside air flow AL, which enters the room to be air-conditioned as supply air flow ZL.

At the lower end of the device housing 20, a condensate drain 64 is provided, which is connected to a condensate pan provided below an evaporator arranged in the area of the supply air opening 34.

The compact air conditioner unit 2 shown in FIG. 1 is either in one piece in the form shown in FIG. 1 or in two parts in a preferred embodiment, one part being formed by the unit housing 20 and the other part by the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 , This last-mentioned embodiment proves to be particularly logistical, transport and assembly-friendly, since only a connection between the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 and the device housing 20 to be fastened to the wall 10 of the room to be air-conditioned has to be established. As explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3, the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 contains, in addition to the exhaust air opening 31, the outside air opening 32 and a partition between the outside air duct and the exhaust air duct, an exhaust air fan for generating the exhaust air flow FL and corresponding air baffles, while the device housing 20 includes all other units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment and the control device regulating the units. The section shown in FIG. 2 through a room 1 to be air-conditioned with a side wall 10 for receiving the device housing 20, a housing cover 11 and a housing base 12 contains a schematically illustrated heat-emitting device 15, for example a telecommunications system with electrical and electronic devices arranged on shelves.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the upper area of the device housing 20 with a housing opening 24 which is aligned with the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 and is connected to this via a flange or plug connection 25. To establish the connection between the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 and the device housing 20, the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 is inserted into the wall opening 100 and the connection to the device housing 20 is established from the inside of the room 1.

To adapt the air conditioning unit to different wall densities 10, different lengths of the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 can be provided in this embodiment or extension frames can be provided, which are connected to the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 before the connection to the unit housing 20 will be produced.

In a one-piece design of the air conditioning device 2, the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 is connected to the device housing 20 and is guided through the wall opening 100 when the device housing 20 is attached to the wall 10.

The combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 is composed of an exhaust air plenum 211 with an exhaust air duct and an outside air plenum 212, which is separated from the exhaust air plenum 211 by a partition 23 which runs obliquely downward from the housing opening 24 , so that any moisture penetrating into the exhaust air plenum 211 is deflected to the outside. Weather protection slats 22 are additionally arranged in the area of the exhaust air opening 31, which prevent rain from falling.

In the assembled state of the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 with the

Device housing 20, the exhaust air fan 41 arranged in the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 is located in the area of the wall opening 100 and is directly aligned with one Condenser 61 of a cold-generating device which contains an evaporator 62 arranged directly in front of the supply air opening 34 and a compressor 63 arranged between the condenser 61 and the evaporator 62.

In a line with the outside air duct of the combined outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 and the exhaust air opening 33, a flap system 5 is arranged, which consists of four crossing flaps 51, 52, 53, 54, with the help of which any mixture of outside air AL and return air RL can be produced to form the exhaust air flow FL or supply air flow ZL. The flap system 5 serves an extensive use of free cooling, that is, the optimal use of climatic conditions for heat dissipation of the heat load given off by the heat-emitting devices 15.

In the flap position shown in Figure 3, the flaps 51 and 53 are open, while the flaps 52 and 54 are closed. This flap position corresponds to a recirculation mode, in which the outside air for cooling the condenser 41 is led to the exhaust air and the exhaust air is conducted to the supply air via the evaporator 63 of the refrigerating device.

In the flow path below the flap system 5 there is a pocket filter 8 with a large filter area, a long service life and a large dust storage capacity, which is optimally effective in a small space.

Between the pocket filter 8 and the compressor 63, the control panel 9 with the control and regulating device is arranged in an ergonomically favorable position.

At the same height as the compressor 63, a supply air fan 42 is provided, which is designed as a backward-curved radial fan. The supply air flow ZL generated by the supply air fan 42 is delivered to the room 1 to be air-conditioned near the room floor 12 via a heating register 7, which is provided if necessary, and the evaporator 62 via the supply air opening 34. Through the direct connection of the evaporator surface to the supply air opening 34, a large-area, slow supply air flow is achieved, so that the cooled supply air ZL is distributed in the area near the ground and upwards in accordance with the flows S1, S2 entered in FIG. 2 by the heat emitted by the electronic device 15 rises and thereby Enriched with heat from the bottom up and emits it to the air conditioning unit 2 in the area of the exhaust air opening 33.

The flow generated by the air conditioning unit 2 is thus adapted to the natural thermals, i.e. the natural temperature differences and the thermal behavior within the room 1 to be air-conditioned are used for the greatest possible heat absorption and thus the greatest possible heat dissipation performance of the compact air conditioning unit 2.

FIG. 4 uses an h, x diagram to illustrate the different climatic conditions distributed over the year using the example of Central Europe. If these climatic boundary conditions are used optimally, the result is year-round energy-optimized operation of the air conditioning unit with minimal use of the refrigeration device, which has by far the greatest energy requirement of the air conditioning unit 2 and accordingly adversely affects the overall efficiency of the air conditioning unit.

The area (1) shown in FIG. 4 lies in a temperature range below 18 ° C. and enables the use of free cooling over a period of 3570 hours per year and thus 40.7% of the year-round operation, the compact air conditioner controlling the flaps of the flap system 5 in this way enough warm return air is mixed in and a constant supply air temperature of 18 ° C is blown into the room to be air-conditioned.

In area (2), free cooling can also be used for another 3495 hours per year and thus for 39.5% of year-round operation, in which warm return air is mixed with the cool outside air until the desired supply air temperature is reached. Both areas (1) and (2) thus cover over 80% of year-round operation. Insofar as there are demands on the air humidity, there is a slight rewetting in area (2).

In area (3) the outside air is in the temperature range between 18 ° C and 28 ° C and therefore still below the exhaust air temperature. In this area, the one

If the weather situation corresponds, which results over approx. 1000 hours per year and thus 11% of the year-round operation, the refrigeration facility is used if necessary after-cooled to achieve the desired supply air temperature.

The areas 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 are particularly energetically loaded with moisture and would cause considerable energy costs if the outside air were used and would require a much larger refrigeration system. In this situation, recirculation mode can be set via the flap system, since the exhaust air temperature is significantly below the outside air temperature and the exhaust air is not loaded with the high humidity of the outside air. If necessary, a minimum fresh air percentage can be set in these areas. In this mode of operation, the exhaust air fan conveys outside air through the flap system and thus secures the recooling of the condenser 61 which is in alignment with it. The areas 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 together make up approximately 679 hours of the year and thus 7.35% of the year-round operation.

If the outside temperature is below 18 ° C, the operation of the compact air conditioner does not require mechanical cooling. The outside air rate is determined by the outside air temperature up to the limit of the minimum fresh air rate, i.e. the outside air rate becomes constantly smaller as the outside air temperature falls. Accordingly, the recirculation rate increases with falling temperature and is regulated by the supply air temperature control in conjunction with the flap control so that the mixed temperature of outside air and recirculating air is always 18 ° C.

Analogous to the outside air rate, the exhaust air rate is set by the control and regulating device or via the flap system in such a way that part of the outside air is mixed in and another part that corresponds exactly to the magnitude of the outside air rate is used to avoid overpressure or underpressure in the room to be air-conditioned discharged via the exhaust air fan 41.

The control of the flaps 51 to 54 of the flap system 5 and the air flows ZL, AL, RL, FL thus takes place automatically via the control and regulating device depending on the climatic conditions outside the room 1 to be air-conditioned.

Claims

claims 1. Air conditioning unit for air conditioning rooms with, in particular, heat-emitting electrical or electronic devices, the air conditioning unit containing units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment as well as a control device regulating the units, marked by A device housing (20) arranged in the room (1) to be air-conditioned, which has an exhaust air and supply air opening (33, 34) directed into the room (1) and a housing opening (30) oriented towards a wall opening (100) of the room (1) to be air-conditioned. 24), which leads to a combined exhaust air and outside air Plenum (21), which contains an exhaust air opening (31), an outside air opening (32) and an exhaust air fan (41), while the device housing (20) contains all other units for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment (33, 34; 42; 5; 61 , 62, 63; 7; 8) and the control and regulating device (9). 2. Air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that the units arranged in the device housing for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment (33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8) in the air flow direction one behind the other between the combined Exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) leading housing opening (24) and the supply air opening (34) arranged below the housing opening (24) are arranged. 3. Air conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that the exhaust air opening (33) with respect to the housing opening (24) and substantially at the same height as the housing opening (24) is arranged. Air conditioning device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device housing (20) is attached to the wall (10) of the room (1) to be air-conditioned and has a wall opening (100) and is oriented substantially vertically such that the supply air opening (34 ) in the vicinity of the room floor (12) and the exhaust air opening (33) in the vicinity of the room ceiling (11) are directed into the room (1) to be air-conditioned. 5. Air conditioner characterized in that the supply air flow (ZL) with less Exit speed exits the supply air opening (34) and is directed so that there is little or no mixing between the supply air flow (ZL) and the exhaust air or return air flow (RL) sucked in by the exhaust air opening (33) of the air conditioning unit (2). 6. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) to the housing opening (24) of the device housing (20) can be connected. 7. Air conditioner according to claim 6, characterized in that the exhaust fan (41) for generating the exhaust air flow (FL) is arranged at the height of the housing opening (24), protrudes into the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) and is pressure-controlled , 8. Air conditioner according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) is box-shaped, that the exhaust air plenum (211) is arranged above the outside air plenum (212) and that the exhaust air opening (31) of the exhaust air plenum (211) emits the exhaust air flow (FL) in a substantially horizontal direction and the outside air plenum (212) one downward outside air opening (32). Air conditioning device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) has different, predetermined lengths, the normalized wall thicknesses of the wall (10) having the wall opening (100) of the room (1) to be air-conditioned. are adjusted. 10. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a plug or flange connection (25) between the device housing (20) and the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21). 11. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that weather protection blades (22) are arranged on the exhaust air opening (31) and the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) from the wall opening (100) to the exhaust air opening (31) inclined partition (23) between the exhaust air plenum (211) and the outside air plenum (212). 12. Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air plenum (211) has obliquely arranged silencer backdrops such that penetrating water for Exhaust air opening (31) is derived. 13. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper part of the device housing (20) at least one Has resonance plate and the lower part of the device housing (20) is lined with absorption material. 14. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combined exhaust air and outside air plenum (21) contains highly effective silencers. 15. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the exhaust air opening (33), the supply air opening (34) and the housing opening (25) a flap system controlling the air flows (5) is preferably arranged in the upper region of the device housing (20) is. 16. Air conditioner according to claim 15, characterized in that the flap system (5) consists of four crossing flaps (51, 52, 53, 54) to form an outside air, exhaust air, mixed air and recirculating air flow. 17. Air conditioner according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the flap system (5) at the height of the exhaust air opening (33) and the opening of the combined exhaust air and aligned with the housing opening (25) Outside air plenums (21) is arranged. 18. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims 15 to 17, characterized in that any mixture of outside air (AL) and exhaust air (RL) can be produced via the flap system (5) using the free cooling. 19. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a supply air fan (42) between the flap system (5) and the supply air opening (34) is arranged. 20. Air conditioner according to claim 19, characterized in that the supply air fan (42) is designed as a backward curved radial fan. 21. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims 15 to 20, characterized in that a supply air filter (8) between the flap system (5) and the supply air fan (42) is arranged. 22. Air conditioner according to claim 21, characterized in that the supply air filter (8) consists of a pocket filter with large filter areas and high filter quality 23. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser (61) of a cold-generating device (61, 62, 63) is arranged on the suction side of the exhaust air fan (41) and is preferably connected to the exhaust air fan (41). 24. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air opening (34) is connected to the air outlet cross section of an evaporator (62) of the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63). 25. Air conditioner according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the compressor (63) of the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63) is arranged next to the supply air fan (42). 26. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the condenser (61) and the evaporator (62) the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63) have large condenser and evaporator exchanger areas. 27. Air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims 23 to 26, characterized in that a heating register (7) is arranged in the flow path of the supply air, preferably in front of the air inlet cross section of the evaporator (62) of the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63). 28. Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and regulating device (9) adjusts the independently controllable flaps (51, 52, 53, 54) of the flap system (5) as a function of the outside temperature so that Air conditioning unit (2) consumes a minimal electrical power in every operating state. 29. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and regulating device (9) the outside temperature and the inside temperature within the air-conditioning Room (1) is continuously recorded and the flap system (5) and / or the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63) is controlled so that both free cooling can be used and any mixture of outside air and exhaust air can be continuously produced and supplied to the supply air flow, and also via the flap system (5) by admixing the outside air to the exhaust air Securing the recooling of the refrigeration device (61, 62, 63) required air volume and temperature is reached. 30. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the units arranged within the device housing (20) for air flow generation, air flow guidance and air treatment (33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8) are completely piped and about electrical Cable connections are connected to one another or to the control and regulating device (9) which controls the units (33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8), in such a way that the air conditioning unit (2) after producing an electrical one Connection with at least one voltage source is ready for operation 31. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fans (41, 42) and the control and Control device (9) with a DC voltage source, preferably a battery, and the compressor (63) of the cold-generating device (61, 62, 63) are connected to an AC or three-phase network. 32. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and regulating device (9) with a Redundancy control is provided. 33. Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of compact air conditioning units (2) of the type mentioned are connected to one another and interact to form a redundancy system or cascade.