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WO2003070094A1 - Analyse des sons de respiration des chevaux - Google Patents

Analyse des sons de respiration des chevaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003070094A1
WO2003070094A1 PCT/US2003/005001 US0305001W WO03070094A1 WO 2003070094 A1 WO2003070094 A1 WO 2003070094A1 US 0305001 W US0305001 W US 0305001W WO 03070094 A1 WO03070094 A1 WO 03070094A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
horse
transducer
microphone
recording
preselected location
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/005001
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David H. Lambert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airways Dynamics LLC
Original Assignee
Airways Dynamics LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airways Dynamics LLC filed Critical Airways Dynamics LLC
Priority to AU2003215313A priority Critical patent/AU2003215313A1/en
Publication of WO2003070094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003070094A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
    • A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • A61B7/003—Detecting lung or respiration noise

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the performance and athletic potential of horses.
  • the present invention relates to an improved device and method for analysis of respiratory sounds produced by an exercising horse.
  • the present invention also relates to an improved device and method to diagnose upper airway pathology in exercising horses, especially racing horses.
  • the present invention relates to an improved device and method of diagnosing a pathological upper airway condition and/or to a method of predicting racing performance by analysis of recorded respiratory sound in galloping or racing thoroughbred racehorses.
  • Derksen et al. advocate the use of a large and cumbersome microphone positioned in front of the horses nostrils and a recording device which can be placed alongside a horse exercising on a treadmill to pick up normal as well as abnormal respiratory sounds and assess pathology of the upper airway based upon the sound patterns produced during exercise, e.g., for detection of laryngeal hemiplegia and dorsal displacement of the soft palate.
  • Derksen' s analytical systems are limited in that they are difficult to use on a galloping horse under field conditions, e.g., on a horse with a rider (e.g., breezing or working) on a training track and cannot be used during an actual race or competition event.
  • the Derksen device by design, picks up respiratory sounds at close proximity to the nostrils of the horse which, in the galloping horse, can also include extraneous and unwanted sounds, e.g., percussion noise of the hoofs contacting the training surface and wind noise.
  • the Attenburrow et al. radiostethoscope may be limited in that it cannot conveniently be used under field or actual racing conditions and, moreover, may not be capable of detection of subtle changes in upper airway respiratory sound induced by subclinical pathological change.
  • a device and method which enables analysis of such parameters in the equine athlete under field and/or racing conditions.
  • U.S. Patent No.: 5,853,005 to Scanlon discloses a sound and movement monitor comprised of a transducer with a fluid filled pad held in close contact against a sound or movement source for monitoring acoustic signals transferred into the fluid.
  • the use of a fluid filled medium and transducer presents problems with vibrational movement, e.g., hoof beat percussion from the intensely exercising animal.
  • a device which can be attached directly to the horse which enables accurate detection of and analysis of respiratory sounds in the equine athlete exercising under field conditions that does not suffer from these shortcomings.
  • a more specific objective of the present invention is to provide a respiratory monitoring system in which a transducer or microphone may be placed in direct contact with the skin of the animal overlying the skull, sinus or nasal turbinate and thereby enable recording and analysis of upper airway respiratory sound from the exercising animal.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a device wherein the transducer or microphone is positioned or embedded within a gel pad or other suitable medium and the device placed in direct contact with the skin of the animal overlying, e.g., the skull, sinus or nasal turbinates of the horse.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method for relating the respiratory constraints of an individual horse as a predictor of athletic performance of the horse.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a device and a method for analysis of respiratory sounds that can be used while the horse is being exercised under natural conditions e.g. galloping on a training track or field.
  • the present invention provides a device and a method for recording respiratory sounds in exercising horses thereby enabling the user identify upper airway abnormalities and/or evaluate athletic potential by, e.g., measuring expiratory and/or inspiratory times during exercise.
  • the present invention provides a respiratory monitoring system or device in which a transducer or microphone is placed in direct contact with the skin of the subject animal overlying the skull, sinus or nasal turbinate and thereby enable recording and analysis of upper airway respiratory sound from the exercising animal.
  • the invention provides a device wherein the transducer or microphone is positioned or embedded within a gel pad or other suitable medium and the device placed in direct contact with the skin of the animal overlying, e.g., the skull, sinus or nasal turbinates of the horse
  • the device of the invention provides an acoustic monitoring system capable of direct attachment to the head of a racing horse which produces an output signal that is not diluted, attenuated or otherwise corrupted by noises such as wind, hoof beats and/or treadmill noises.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing a phantom line of the recording microphone contained within a suitable casing material.
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the recording microphone of the invention encased in a polyurethane rubber encasing material.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the recording microphone of the invention encased in a polyurethane rubber encasing material.
  • Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the recording microphone of the invention encased in a polyurethane rubber encasing material. The recording surface of the microphone is shown exposed within the rimmed edge of polyurethane encasing material.
  • Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of one embodiment of the invention showing the recording microphone encased in a polyurethane rubber encasing material and with a membrane covering the surface of the cavity created by the rimmed edge of the polyurethane encasing material.
  • Upper airway obstructions are common and often associated with abnormal respiratory noise and/or decreased athletic performance in the horse/animal. Respiratory sounds in horses that are exercising are difficult to evaluate because respiratory sounds can be obscured by noises such as hoof beats, wind noise or sounds from equipment such as a treadmill on which the horse is exercising. Moreover, if the upper airway pathology is "subclinical" (not discemable to the naked eye, e.g., during an endoscopic examination of the upper airway), the abnormal respiratory sounds produced may likewise be non- discernable to the unaided ear.
  • the present invention provides a device and a method for recording and analyzing upper airway sounds generated during exercise and for identification of abnormalities or pathological change in an animal, e.g. , a dog or a horse.
  • the present invention also provides a device and a method for recording and analyzing upper airway sounds generated during exercise and for measuring expiratory and/or inspiratory times during exercise and relating such information to analyze the animal's upper respiratory sounds and potential to athletically excel. While the methods and general concepts disclosed herein are particularly useful for predicting athletic performance in horses, one of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that the methods set forth herein can be utilized to predict athletic performance on any animal including, but not limited to horses or dogs.
  • One presently preferred embodiment discloses a method for predicting the athletic performance of a horse by determining the condition and/or functional limitations of the upper airway, e.g., function of the larynx, pharynx, arytenoid cartilages, epiglottis and/or the airflow limitations of the upper airway.
  • This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, but is most accurately done by actually measuring the respiratory sounds of the upper airway of the horse using one or more transducers (e.g., microphones) that are directly applied to the surface of the skin overlying e.g., the frontal sinuses or the skull (e.g., the forehead) of the horse.
  • transducers e.g., microphones
  • one embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining upper respiratory abnormalities of the exercising animal under field conditions comprising: placing a device comprised of one or more specially adapted microphone(s) on the subject horse at a predetermined location thereon for registering the sounds of breathing (inspiration and expiration) during exercise under field conditions; exercising (galloping) the subject horse; recording the sounds of breathing produced thereby and analyzing the recorded sound.
  • the expiration and inspiration by the horse creates a generation of analog signals from the transducers that are conditioned and digitized by the signal processing circuitry and stored by the computer. These recorded sounds can then be analyzed using, e.g., spectrogram software as set forth in Derksen et al.
  • the horse's speed can be timed while the sound data is being recorded and relationships established between breathing times and upper respiratory abnormalities.
  • the method of diagnosing upper respiratory abnormalities by analysis of respiratory sounds and upper respiratory air flow in an animal comprises a sound transducer applied to the skin overlying the skull or adjacent to a sinus or over the nasal turbinates of the horse.
  • the microphone may be directly applied or attached to the skin or preferably is encased in a suitable medium such as rubber, latex or a suitable gel pad consisting with the microphone embedded therein and adapted to conform to the skull of the horse or to be adapted to fit on the head of a horse in the embodiment of a hood (blinkers type apparatus) or an adaptation thereof.
  • the microphone can be mounted to a caverson, a halter or halter- type apparatus or a bridle and the like.
  • one preferred method of the invention comprises positioning a microphone at a desired location and in direct contact on the head of the horse which is capable of picking up sound emitted from the horse as he/she breathes during exercise.
  • the microphone can be any of a variety of small portable microphones that are commercially available.
  • one presently preferred microphone is the ATR - 35s Lavalier microphone manufactured by audio-technia® of Stow, Ohio. This particular microphone is omnidirectional with an available frequency range of about 50 - 18,000 Hz, sensitivity of about - 54dBm ⁇ 3dB, 1kHz at lPa, and with an impedance of 1000 ohms ⁇ 30%.
  • a unidirectional microphone can also be utilized.
  • the microphone may be directly attached to the skin of the subject animal but more preferably is embedded within a suitable material such as rubber, latex plasctic or the like as set forth more fully below.
  • the microphone is then positioned on the head of the horse such that the embedding material is in direct contact with the skin of the horse at the desired location.
  • the microphone can be attached to a portable recording device, e.g., a portable (micro) cassette recorder or digital recorder, and the recorder is, in turn, mounted on the horse or the rider as desired.
  • a portable recording device e.g., a portable (micro) cassette recorder or digital recorder
  • Examples of presently preferred recording devices include the Sony® standard VOR micro cassette recorder, Model M-950 with detachable speaker and the Sony® Digital "MD"(MiniDisc) Model MZ-R70 Walkman®.
  • the mini disc for example, has a frequency response from about 20 to about 20,000 Hz ⁇ 3dB.
  • the recording signal from the microphone can be transmitted to the recording device via telemetry utilizing telemetric means known in the art.
  • the device 100 is a lightweight hood or garment (similar to a traditional "blinkers”device commonly used in horse racing) which placed on the subject horses head (See, e.g., applicant's co-pending application published as International Publication Number WO 02/13938 A2) .
  • the device is made to fit snugly over the face (forehead and bridge of the nose) having a band of material extending from the bridge of the nose dorsally over the poll (just behind the ears) with holes cut out for the ears and eyes.
  • the garment wraps around the face and head and is attached via e.g., a hook and loop type fastener (e.g., VELCROTM) at the throat latch.
  • a first pouch or pocket is configured to contain the microphone such that the recording surface of the microphone is urged toward and held in direct contact with the horses skin at a desired location, e.g., against the skull of the horse on the midline (forehead), over the frontal sinus, or over the nasal turbinates and the like.
  • a second pouch or closeable pocket can be locate, e.g., on the front of the garment for removable placement of the recording device. It is presently desired that the pouch be located on the midline of the horse's forehead between and slightly anterior or dorsal to the horse's eyes so as not to interfere with the field of vision while the horse is exercising. Suitable materials for the hood or garment of the invention include, but are not limited to nylon, cloth or other suitable lightweight fabrics. Alternatively, a single pouch 20 can be utilized to house both the microphone and the portable recording device such as is shown in Figure 6.
  • the hood, with the recording device and microphone attached, is placed on the subject horse's head and the horse is then asked to perform a desired exercise routine.
  • the horse is trotted or jogged a sufficient distance as a warm up before it is asked to gallop or breeze.
  • a recording is made of the respiratory sounds emitted during the exercise event and preserved for analysis.
  • the subject animal's speed is recorded and, if desired, a video tape of the exercise event is made which can later be correlated with the sound recording and velocity in calculating stance time and/or stance distances, expiratory times (ET) and maximum comfortable velocity (MCV) e.g., as set forth in applicant's co- pending application published as International Publication Number WO 02/13938 A2.
  • the typical display band of frequencies ranges from about zero Hz to about
  • Exhalation sounds generally have higher amplitude in the lower frequency ranges e.g., from less than about 2 kHz and especially less than about 1 kHz. Inspiratory sounds typically extend into the higher frequency ranges e.g., above about 2 kHz up to about 6 kHz.
  • the recorded sound is analyzed and inspiratory and expiratory times are carefully measured and upper airway sounds are analyzed..
  • the transducers or microphones of the invention can consist of consist of, for example, the Emkay BL 1785, Emkay WP Series Microphone, Emkay MR-BJ Series Microphone available from Emkay products at, e.g., www.emkayproducts.com. It can be appreciated that other microphones or transducers are suitable for use in the device and methods set forth herein including e.g., the Parker Aquaflex Ultrasound Gel Pad from Parker Laboratories at, e.g., www.parkerlabs.com.
  • the presently preferred microphone is the Hydrophone DolphinEAR microphone which is available from DolphinEAR, United Kingdom (e.g., at www.dolphinear.com).
  • This microphone has an overall frequency response range from below about 7Hz to above about 22,000 Hz for the spectrogram software. It can be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the response range can be attenuated as desired at either end of the spectrum particularly by choice of the encasing material if any is to be used, for example, epoxy (hard casing) will attenuate sound in the 0-50 Hz range.
  • One advantage of the hydrophone DolphinEAR is its versatile ability for remote monitoring (DE 500), e.g., via a mobile telephone interface or VHF/UHF radio system or other telemetry devices known in the art.
  • the device 10 is comprised of a microphone or transducer 2 which is embedded in a suitable encasing material 4 such as a rubber, silicone, latex, polyurethane, plastic or other polymer, or a gel or the like.
  • the microphone 2 is connected to a cable 6 which is in turn connected to a means for connecting the microphone 2 to a recording device (not shown).
  • the connecting means can be a plug 8 of most any desired configuration.
  • plug 8 can be a standard BNC connector or male plug that is configured complimentary to the female receptacle of the recording device (not shown).
  • the encasing material 4 for the microphone 2 can be a liquid latex such as is available from, e.g., www.liquid-latex.com .
  • the ingredients of the latex can comprise from about 65% water about 34.7% natural Latex sap and about 0.3% ammonia.
  • the microphone is placed in a mold, e.g., an aluminum mold and set at a desired level therein.
  • the liquid latex composition is then placed in the mold surrounding the microphone and allowed to cure. When cured, the ammonia and water evaporate and the latex remains.
  • the microphone 2 is embedded within a casing material 4 which is a polyurethane rubber such as is available from, e.g., Smooth-On, e.g., at www.smooth-on.com .
  • the rubber casing 4 suspends the microphone 2 such that the recording surface 12 is not enclosed within rubber casing 4. Rather rubber casing 4 forms a rimmed edge 14 around the recording surface 12 of microphone 2 creating a cavity or air space between the body of the horse (not shown) and the microphone 2 recording surface 12 when the device 10 is placed at the desired location on the horse's head.
  • the rimmed edge 14 of the encasing material (rubber casing) 4 is held in firm contact with the horses skin.
  • the cavity created by rimmed edge 14 can form an air space or can be filled with a desired material, e.g., ultrasound gel, for transmission of the respiratory sounds to the recording surface 12 of microphone 2.
  • the microphone (not shown) is embedded within a casing material 4 which is a polyurethane rubber such as is available from, e.g., Smooth-On, e.g., at www.smooth-on.com .
  • the rubber casing 4 suspends the microphone such that the recording surface (not shown) is not enclosed within rubber casing 4. Rather, rubber casing 4 forms a rimmed edge 14 around the recording surface of the microphone creating a cavity or air space which is covered by membrane 16.
  • the rimmed edge 14 of the encasing material (rubber casing) 4 and membrane 16 are held in firm contact with the horses skin.
  • the cavity created by rimmed edge 14 form a space with the recording surface 12 and the membrane 16.
  • This space is preferrably filled with air or it can be filled with another desired material, e.g., ultrasound gel, for enhancement of transmission of the respiratory sounds to the recording surface of the microphone.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif portant sur l'enregistrement des sons de respiration des chevaux à l'exercice, ce qui permet à l'utilisateur d'identifier des anomalies des voies respiratoires supérieures et/ou d'évaluer le potentiel athlétique, notamment par mesure des temps d'expiration ou d'inspiration à de l'animal à l'exercice au pré et/ou dans des conditions réelles de course. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un système ou un dispositif de surveillance de la respiration dans lequel un transducteur ou un microphone (2) est placé en contact direct de la peau de l'animal, au-dessus du crâne, notamment le sinus frontal ou le cornet nasal, ce qui permet d'enregistrer et d'analyser le son de respiration des voies respiratoires supérieures chez un animal à l'exercice. Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne un dispositif pour lequel le transducteur ou le microphone (2) se place ou s'encastre dans un tampon de gel ou tout autre milieu approprié (4), le dispositif étant placé en contact direct avec la peau de l'animal au-dessus notamment du crâne, du sinus ou des cornets nasaux du cheval.
PCT/US2003/005001 2002-02-19 2003-02-19 Analyse des sons de respiration des chevaux Ceased WO2003070094A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003215313A AU2003215313A1 (en) 2002-02-19 2003-02-19 Analysis of respiratory sounds in horses

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35776902P 2002-02-19 2002-02-19
US60/357,769 2002-02-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003070094A1 true WO2003070094A1 (fr) 2003-08-28

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PCT/US2003/005001 Ceased WO2003070094A1 (fr) 2002-02-19 2003-02-19 Analyse des sons de respiration des chevaux

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AU (1) AU2003215313A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003070094A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2043505A2 (fr) 2006-06-30 2009-04-08 Equidx AB Detection en temps reel de l'etat du systeme respiratoire superieur de chevaux
CZ301867B6 (cs) * 2007-01-09 2010-07-14 Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze Fakulta biomedicínského inženýrství Zarízení pro snímání a/nebo monitorování a/nebo analýzu fyziologických signálu z povrchu tela kone

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4218584A (en) * 1977-10-10 1980-08-19 Attenburrow Donald P Stethoscope for use on a horse
US6228037B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-05-08 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Method and apparatus for the recording and analysis of respiratory sounds in exercising horse

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4218584A (en) * 1977-10-10 1980-08-19 Attenburrow Donald P Stethoscope for use on a horse
US6228037B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-05-08 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Method and apparatus for the recording and analysis of respiratory sounds in exercising horse

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2043505A2 (fr) 2006-06-30 2009-04-08 Equidx AB Detection en temps reel de l'etat du systeme respiratoire superieur de chevaux
CZ301867B6 (cs) * 2007-01-09 2010-07-14 Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze Fakulta biomedicínského inženýrství Zarízení pro snímání a/nebo monitorování a/nebo analýzu fyziologických signálu z povrchu tela kone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003215313A1 (en) 2003-09-09

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