WO2003065918A2 - Detektorvorrichtung für einen gegenstand in einem fluid und/oder gewebe sowie betriebsverfahren - Google Patents
Detektorvorrichtung für einen gegenstand in einem fluid und/oder gewebe sowie betriebsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003065918A2 WO2003065918A2 PCT/DE2003/000368 DE0300368W WO03065918A2 WO 2003065918 A2 WO2003065918 A2 WO 2003065918A2 DE 0300368 W DE0300368 W DE 0300368W WO 03065918 A2 WO03065918 A2 WO 03065918A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- detector device
- cavitation
- tissue
- measuring
- laser
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
- A61B18/26—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
- A61B18/26—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy
- A61B2018/263—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy the conversion of laser energy into mechanical shockwaves taking place in a liquid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to claims 17 and 18.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a device and a method with which an inexpensive detection of an object, in particular a stone detection without stress on the patient is possible.
- a detector device has a radiation means for generating at least one gas phase in the fluid and / or in the tissue and a measuring means for detecting reflections between an optically transparent medium, in particular a glass fiber, and a gaseous and / or liquid phase. It is thus possible, for example, to measure a cavitation period after generation of a vapor phase in order to recognize the object in a simple manner.
- the device according to the invention evaluates different reflections in different phases (eg gas, liquid) by the measuring means.
- the partial reflections on the optically transparent medium for example the end of a glass fiber
- a gas and / or liquid phase in the fluid are evaluated according to the invention.
- a change in density in a liquid phase before the end of a glass fiber can be detected and used for detection.
- it is also possible to evaluate changes in the reflection behavior in the optically transparent medium for example as a result of changes in density).
- the radiation means can generate a plasma pulse and subsequently a gas phase, in particular a cavitation bubble, in the fluid.
- the physical properties of the gas phase generated are recorded by the measuring device.
- Plasma pulse with a pulse energy between 20 and 200 mJ can be generated.
- a means is used for the targeted selection of different, predetermined levels of
- Pulse energies to select certain energy levels can be used a sample pulse to identify the object and a higher level to carry out processing of the object.
- a first shock wave is generated by the expansion of the plasma in the fluid, and a second shock wave can be generated by the collapse of a cavitation bubble in the fluid.
- the measuring device can advantageously measure the time between two shock waves in the fluid.
- the measuring means has a functional relationship between the energy of the cavitation bubble and the cavitation time
- the radiation means is as
- an embodiment which is advantageous for use in the human body has a radiation means which operates in a wavelength range between 350 and 800 nm, in particular 532 nm.
- the radiation means can also operate in a wavelength range from 700 to 1600 nm.
- Circuit for noise suppression in particular to use an additional photodiode.
- Optical interference is advantageously filtered out with at least one bandpass filter for the frequency of the measuring laser.
- the detector device according to the invention is coupled to a working laser system (e.g. a laser lithropy system) for processing the object.
- a working laser system e.g. a laser lithropy system
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a cavitation implosion near a wall
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the formation of a cavitation bubble
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of the measurement signal
- Photodiode which receives the light returning via the laser fiber, for determining the cavitation period
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the structure of an optical system for determining the cavitation period
- Fig. 8 graphical representation of the transmission of the beam splitter depending on the
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a measurement setup for determining the cavitation period T ⁇ ;
- FIG. 11 circuit diagram for a Dif erenzierglied
- FIG. 1 shows the basic components of a laser lithotripsy system for a gall stone 10. Even if the invention is explained here in connection with a gall stone 10, the detector device according to the invention can alternatively also be applied to other objects 10, such as e.g. Clots, foreign substances or kidney stones can be used. Non-medical applications are also part of the
- the laser radiation of a laser system 20 is directed onto the gall stone 10 via a glass fiber 21.
- Glass fiber 21 is guided through the bile duct 11.
- a radial and axial fixation of the glass fiber 21 in the bile duct 11 is achieved in the example shown via a balloon catheter 12.
- the laser radiation emitted is absorbed or reflected by the surface of the gallstone 10.
- Plasma which is expanding at supersonic speeds induces a local shock wave which is coupled into the gall stone 10 and is responsible there for fragmentation effects.
- the local temperature increase also evaporates a small amount of the liquid that surrounds the gall stone 1. This creates a vapor bubble (pseudocavitation).
- the higher internal bladder pressure than the liquid pressure expands the bladder, which can reach a diameter of up to 10 mm and a lifespan of up to 0.8 ms.
- Fig. 2 shown.
- the bubble radius (y-axis) increases very strongly with time (x-axis) at the beginning, then increases linearly. After the maximum, the radius decreases linearly, with an abrupt collapse of the cavitation bubble starting at a certain point (here radius 5 mm).
- shock waves are shown in FIG. 3, approximately 0.8 ms lying between the first shock wave (plasma expansion) and the second shock wave (cavitation bubble collapse).
- a gas If a gas is heated to such an extent that its atoms are completely ionized, one speaks of a plasma, the so-called “fourth state of matter". Due to the high degree of ionization, a plasma can be strongly influenced by electrical and magnetic fields.
- microplasma generated in this way behaves like a black absorber in relation to infrared radiation. This means that the infrared portion of the laser light is maximally absorbed by the plasma and the plasma is thus further heated ("pumped"). This process is also known as "plasma shielding".
- shock wave This rapid expansion creates a shock wave, which is responsible for the first fragmentation of the gall stone 10.
- shock waves are pressure amplitudes that move away from the point of origin at supersonic speed move away. Friction reduces the speed of the shock wave front until it reaches the speed of sound.
- the shock wave can therefore only be measured in the immediate vicinity of its point of origin.
- the strength of the shock wave depends on the energy content of the plasma and thus on the absorption properties of the stone and the energy of the laser pulse.
- the infrared portion of the laser pulse in particular has a major influence on the energy stored in the plasma.
- the plasma expansion also creates a cavitation bubble.
- cavitation is the formation of "voids" (i.e. areas with much lower density than the surrounding liquid) in a liquid due to a rapid drop in pressure.
- the cavitation bubble is generated by the plasma expansion.
- the cavitation bubble essentially consists of gaseous water. After the water has evaporated, the cavitation bubble grows rapidly due to the higher internal pressure of the water vapor compared to the liquid pressure, until the maximum radius is reached with the same external and internal pressure. If the external pressure exceeds the internal pressure of the bladder, the bladder collapses slowly and then faster and faster.
- one side of the bladder moves inward more and more rapidly and finally changes into a fine liquid jet which shoots out of the bladder at high speed.
- the cavitation period T can be estimated as follows:
- Cavitation bubble can be determined depending on the energy.
- the plasma expansion determines the energy content and thus the period of the cavitation bubble.
- the cavitation period can be determined by measuring the first and the second shock wave.
- Previous measuring methods used needle hydrophones or piezo sensors to detect the pressure waves, which are glued to the glass fiber directly in front of the catheter. The disadvantage here is that the glass fiber must also be used for sound transmission. Measurements have shown that clamping and bending the glass fiber result in a loss of 50% of the sound power, and that touching the bare fiber or a stone contact on the side can cause sound power losses of up to 90%.
- One solution would be to attach a pressure sensor directly to the tip of the fiber.
- this sensor would have to be very small and, since the fiber is sterilized, it should also be designed to be very robust against heat, water vapor, etc.
- the resulting bubble encloses the fiber end until it collapses. This is shown schematically in FIG. 5.
- the tip of the glass fiber 21 is in a cavity filled with water vapor with the refractive index n of air of approximately 1.
- the cavitation bubble 30 implodes after the cavitation period T ⁇ the fiber end is again in water with the refractive index n of approximately 1.333.
- An embodiment of the device according to the invention uses the different reflection during the transition from the glass fiber 21 in water or from the glass fiber 21 in air
- the measurement signal obtained is shown schematically in FIG. 6. At the beginning of the signal there is a peak which is attributed to the plasma glow at 650 nm. The subsequent, essentially rectangular signal continues until the cavitation bubble collapses.
- the cavitation period T ⁇ here is approximately 0.8 ms.
- FIG. 7 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of a device for determining the cavitation period as a means for detecting an object.
- the gall stone 10 is there for the sake of
- a measuring laser beam is radiated onto the gall stone 10 by a measuring laser system 20 via a beam splitter 24, a deflecting mirror 22 and a glass fiber 21.
- a cavitation bubble 30 is generated by the plasma expansion 31.
- the change in the reflection factor R is measured
- n x stands for the refractive index of the glass fiber 21, n 2 for the refractive index of the water.
- Measuring laser beam is guided via the semitransparent deflecting mirror 22 and the beam splitter 24 to a fast photodiode 23, the signal of which is transmitted to a measuring device 25 (signal processing, oscilloscope, computer etc.).
- the measuring means 25 registers the different reflection during the transition from glass fiber to water or glass fiber in the gas phase (air).
- the measuring laser system 20 (as radiation means) and the measuring means 25 together form the components of the detector device according to the invention.
- the parts framed in dashed lines in FIG. 7 are also referred to as measuring branch 27 of the system.
- the reflected signal is passed over the glass fiber 21, with which the high-energy laser pulse of a working laser 26 is transmitted to destroy the gallstone 10. This has the great advantage that no additional sensor has to be attached to the glass fiber 21. Since optical signals are transmitted, the transmitted measurement signal is relatively insensitive to mechanical stress and electromagnetic influences. The state of aggregation of the water in front of the glass fiber caused by the formation of the cavitation bubble 30 is registered. The difference between that
- Cavitation period T ⁇ which is used as a differentiating criterion for stone detection in this measurement method. Investigations with an acoustic stone detection system showed that a reliable distinction between dark gallstones and bile tissue is possible using T ⁇ . The pale stones cause problems because their absorption behavior is similar to that of bile tissue.
- the additional laser emits radiation that differs from the working radiation and can therefore be separated from the working beam (for processing the object 10) in a simple manner.
- Diode lasers are preferably used as an additional laser (measuring laser). The radiation is separated by dichroic mirrors.
- the deflecting mirror 22 (see FIG. 7) is chosen to be almost transparent for the wavelength range from 590 to 720 nm and a laser diode with a wavelength of 655 nm is used as the measuring laser.
- the mean laser energy of 20 mW in continuous wave mode ensures a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio during the measurement.
- a fast sensor must be used to determine the cavitation period, which quickly subsides even in the event of a strong oversteer in order to be able to continue the measurement.
- This override can e.g. B. caused by plasma lights.
- a fast photodetector is therefore used as the sensor,
- the measuring laser beam is coupled into the glass fiber via a suitable physical beam splitter, e.g. the deflecting mirror 22 of the working laser 26. Since both the laser and the mirror have a preferred direction, attention must be paid to this polarization direction when mounting the laser on the optical bench. This can be changed by rotating the laser diode until almost the entire light output can pass the deflecting mirror.
- a beam splitter 24 is attached between the deflecting mirror 26 and the measuring laser 20 and directs the measuring signal reflected at the end of the glass fiber to the photodiode.
- the beam price is designed so that for the
- the senor is mounted on an additional optical bench.
- the sensor surface is again made with a biconvex lens.
- a cover of the sensor unit with a light-tight, absorbent cover e.g. a black lacquered sheet prevents interference from interference, e.g.
- Operational amplifiers provide two capacities, each with 47 / F.
- a bias voltage of U D 20 V reduces the
- the laser power is very weak ( ⁇ 50 ⁇ W), so that the resistance R F with 940 k ⁇ is selected for these measurements, resulting in a cut-off frequency F-3dB of 2.7 MHz. This is sufficient for the determination of the cavitation period, which can be up to 1000 ⁇ s.
- the measurement signal to be expected settles
- the occurrence of a cavitation bubble theoretically consists of a 1 to 7 ⁇ s long pulse caused by the plasma lighting and a rectangular signal of the duration T ⁇ (Fig. 10).
- a circuit which only amplifies a voltage change and thus the edges of a signal is referred to as a differentiator, and in the simple case is constructed like a first-order high-pass filter (FIG. 11).
- the cut-off frequency f g of the circuit is determined by the capacitance C x and the feedback resistor R 2 .
- the differentiating element is therefore designed in such a way that it is also suitable for detecting even steep slopes, and nevertheless a good suppression of the DC component
- a capacitance of 10 pF is chosen for the capacitor C and 18 k ⁇ for the resistor R 2 .
- the cut-off frequency f g of this circuit is 884 kHz.
- the resistance R 2 is determined via the common mode gain A 0 of the circuit and the resistance R 2 .
- An operational amplifier becomes higher for amplification
- the cavitation time can be determined exactly.
- Another possibility of signal processing is the delivery of a fixed voltage level of e.g. 5 V at
- the voltage threshold U s is selected so that it is on the one hand above the noise and on the other hand below the amplitude of the rectangular portion of the measurement signal.
- the voltage threshold U s is selected so that it is on the one hand above the noise and on the other hand below the amplitude of the rectangular portion of the measurement signal.
- a rectangular pulse with an amplitude of 5 V and a pulse duration T ⁇ is generated, while the interference generated by the plasma lighting is suppressed (FIG. 13).
- an operational amplifier (OPV) is operated without a feedback loop (comparator).
- a small voltage difference at the input immediately leads to maximum modulation of the OPV.
- the OPV TL 3116 used in this circuit sets the output to ground when the voltage threshold U s is undershot and the output to + 5 V when U s is exceeded
- Threshold voltage U s can be regulated between 0 and 5 V using a potentiometer (Fig. 14).
- An exemplary embodiment uses a digital counter (e.g. from HAMAG) to determine the pulse duration of the rectangle.
- a digital counter e.g. from HAMAG
- the laser of the measuring laser system 20 is operated in continuous wave mode, so that the reflection when the
- Measuring laser beam only occurs in the form of a DC voltage.
- This DC voltage can either be suppressed directly by a capacitance connected in series, preferably 100 nF, or by an oscilloscope. This DC voltage also affects the gain range of the amplifier in the
- Bile tissue and live bladder and bile tissue and blood are bombarded at a distance of 5 mm, 2 mm and contact with a pulse energy of 20 to 120 J.
- the reflected light output of the measuring laser system is measured once in air and once in water.
- the glass fiber is immersed in water and the direct voltage component U w is measured.
- the direct voltage component U L is obtained .
- the signal coming from the amplifier is fed directly to a first channel of the oscilloscope, with a second channel the output of a comparator is shown and a third channel is used for triggering.
- the pulse duration is recorded with a counter.
- the comparator supplies the signal for the counter, since its output signal has only a low noise component.
- the change in the reflected laser power is measured on four different gallstones. Dark and light stones are at a distance of 5 mm, 2 mm and 0 mm, i.e. direct contact with the
- the cavitation time is determined via the rectangular pulse of the comparator. Since the cavitation time depends not only on the bombarded material, but also on the laser energy set, this relationship is shown separately in FIG. 17.
- kidney and bile tissue is bombarded at a distance of 5 mm, 2 mm and in direct contact with the glass fiber and the resulting changes in the reflection behavior of the
- the pulse energy E ou was increased from 20 mJ in 20 mJ steps to 120 mJ.
- 10 laser pulses were emitted per energy level and the different cavitation times were measured.
- the measurements were carried out with a laser diode with a power of 1.7 mW. Due to the correspondingly low signal-to-noise ratio, the measurement signal for the comparator was not can be clearly determined so that the cavitation time can be read directly on the oscilloscope. 20 shows the measurement signals during gallbladder bombardment.
- the cavitation periods of dead and living tissue are compared in FIG. 21, the tissue of the bladder showing no difference from the kidney tissue. While cavitation can always be observed in the gallbladder, measurable cavitation effects only occur in light kidney and bladder tissue from an energy of 100 mJ.
- FIGS. 22 to 24 contains the measured cavitation times of the four types of gallstones used, of the dead and living bile and kidney tissue and of blood, each of these three diagrams being associated with a specific energy range of the laser pulse emitted.
- 22 shows the results of the time measurements at an energy E ou of 20 to 50 mJ.
- 23 shows the cavitation times of different samples with an energy of 60 to 80 mJ.
- 24 shows the results for high-energy pulses in the range from 90 to 120 mJ.
- Tissue is absorbed, the stronger the radiated shock wave.
- the plasma expansion 31 In addition to the shock wave, the plasma expansion 31 also forms a cavitation bubble 30 and light quanta are emitted.
- the radiated shock wave leads to an increase in the water pressure in front of the glass fiber and a decrease in the reflected laser energy.
- the cavitation bubble that arises during the plasma expansion is shown as Differentiation criterion between stone and fabric used.
- the radius of the cavitation bubble and thus the cavitation period depends on the plasma energy. The more laser energy is absorbed by the bombarded test specimen, the larger the cavitation bubble and the longer the cavitation period T ⁇ .
- the cavitation bubble grows from its center of origin up to a maximum radius R max and then collapses with increasing speed until it collapses completely, whereby a second shock wave is emitted.
- the period between the first shock wave and the second shock wave is called the cavitation period. If the glass fiber is at a distance of less than 2 mm in front of the test specimen when the laser pulse is emitted, the cavitation bubble forms around the glass fiber end and the glass fiber tip is located inside the gas bubble.
- the measurement of the cavitation time is caused by the transition of the glass fiber from water to air
- the measurement signal should show the same voltage difference of 200 mV when measuring within the cavitation bubble as when measuring the reflected light output of the glass fiber in air and in water (see Fig. 15).
- Voltage difference below 200 mV usually has a value of up to 300 mV for pulse energies above 90 mJ.
- the lower voltage can be explained by the not exactly defined physical states in the cavitation bubble. This means that the fiber can still be partially wetted with water. Damage too the fiber tip can lead to a reduction in the tension difference.
- the higher voltage difference than the 200 mV caused by the different refractive index of water and air was not further investigated because it is not a disadvantage for the measurement.
- the measuring signal increasingly takes the form of an ideal rectangular pulse with increasing pulse energy, which simplifies the determination of the cavitation period for high pulse energies.
- the edges of the measurement signal are less pronounced than for medium and high pulse energies. This effect is particularly evident when measuring the red-brown gallstone (see Fig. 19).
- the 20 mW photodiode as a measuring laser, the signal-to-noise ratio is high enough for these measurements, too, to be able to measure a clear difference in voltage levels.
- the threshold voltage of the comparator would have to be reset depending on the level of the pulse energy. Due to the not exactly predictable behavior of the
- Cavitation bubbles during and after the implosion can lead to different signal patterns after the first transition from air to water.
- the measured voltage level drops after the implosion to the value U 0 , which is also displayed in water, and remains constant.
- the voltage of the signal can also rise to the value before the implosion after a short negative voltage peak or show other signal curves. Since after the collapse of the bladder the voltage drops to the value U 0 at least for a short time, detection of the
- the cavitation period depends on the absorption behavior of the test specimen. A longer cavitation period should therefore be measured for gallstones than for tissue and blood. According to the measurement results shown in FIGS. 21 to 24, this prediction agrees except for the difference between light gallstones and living gallbladder tissue and blood. Especially with a high pulse energy between 90 and 120 mJ there is an overlap of the cavitation period of blood and light gallstone. The reason for this is the similar absorption behavior of light gallstones and blood.
- the blood is also responsible for a longer period of cavitation in the living and thus perfused soft tissue of the gallbladder compared to the dead and therefore no longer perfused gallbladder tissue (see Fig. 21).
- the cavitation period also increases with an increase in the pulse energy of the laser (see FIG. 17)
- the difference between the cavitation period of the gallstones and the soft tissue is greatest at a pulse energy of 90 to 120 mJ (see FIG. 24).
- a pulse energy of 90 to 120 mJ see FIG. 24.
- Only the very bright and rarely occurring cholesterol stone cannot be detected with any pulse energy. Its very bright surface does not absorb enough laser energy at 532 nm to achieve plasma ignition. Cavitation bubble formation is therefore rarely the case.
- the optical stone recognition method presented is able to distinguish between dark gallstones and soft tissue and blood by determining the cavitation period. In the case of light-colored stones, this is sometimes only possible with a low pulse energy after the delivery of more than two pulses. However, there is good detection for high energies.
- the great advantage of the optical method compared to the acoustic method is that the glass fiber can be used as an optical sensor without the measurement signal being disturbed by contact or mechanical stress. With the acoustic measuring system, on the other hand, even light touches with the hand lead to losses of measurement signals up to 90%.
- the integration of the stone detection system in the laser system and the use of glass fiber as a sensor make the system very robust in the clinical area against external influences. Since no 5 sensors have to be attached to the glass fiber, the system is also easy to use.
- the signal quality is dependent on the condition of the glass fiber tip. With up to 50 L0 pulses, which are emitted on a very dark stone with an energy of 120 J, stone detection is still possible.
- the optical measuring system can be used to detect the fiber erosion. However, special signal processing is necessary for this.
- Threshold voltages of comparators that are set can still detect small signals. The result can then be evaluated using a corresponding logic circuit (see FIG. 26).
- an analog-digital converter can be used with which the entire signal curve can be evaluated.
- a clearer signal can also be registered by improving the noise characteristics of the measuring circuit.
- the thermal noise of the photodiode and the diode laser is critical here.
- the light fluctuations of the diode laser can be minimized by installing a second photodiode, which measures the signal emitted by the laser before it enters the glass fiber. This is shown in Fig. 27.
- the interference caused by the high-voltage power supply unit of the laser can be avoided by means of an adequate ground connection and shielding of the sensor and the evaluation electronics.
- a bandpass filter with the frequency of the measuring laser can also filter out optical interference pulses, such as the reflected green component. This could avoid the signal increase caused by the reflected green portion of the laser pulse at the start of the measurement.
- Beam splitter measuring laser / photodiode .5 25 signal processing means
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10390338T DE10390338D2 (de) | 2002-02-07 | 2003-02-06 | Detektorvorrichtung für einen Gegenstand in einem Fluid und/oder Gewebe, sowie Verfahren zur Detektion und Bearbeitung des Gegenstandes |
| AU2003208290A AU2003208290A1 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2003-02-06 | Detector device for an object in a fluid and/or tissue and operational method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10205433 | 2002-02-07 | ||
| DE10205433.9 | 2002-02-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003065918A2 true WO2003065918A2 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
| WO2003065918A3 WO2003065918A3 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=27674596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2003/000368 Ceased WO2003065918A2 (de) | 2002-02-07 | 2003-02-06 | Detektorvorrichtung für einen gegenstand in einem fluid und/oder gewebe sowie betriebsverfahren |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003208290A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10390338D2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003065918A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011109069A1 (de) * | 2011-07-30 | 2013-01-31 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Kathetersystem |
| WO2024233800A1 (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-14 | Lumenis Ltd. | Incident power inference from bubble length measurement for lithotripsy devices |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3918618A1 (de) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-20 | Telemit Electronic Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur materialbearbeitung mit hilfe eines lasers |
| US5860972A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1999-01-19 | Xintec Corporation | Method of detection and destruction of urinary calculi and similar structures |
| US6538739B1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2003-03-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Bubble diagnostics |
| AU1185699A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-05-10 | Endovasix, Inc. | Photoacoustic removal of occlusions from blood vessels |
-
2003
- 2003-02-06 AU AU2003208290A patent/AU2003208290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-06 WO PCT/DE2003/000368 patent/WO2003065918A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-02-06 DE DE10390338T patent/DE10390338D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011109069A1 (de) * | 2011-07-30 | 2013-01-31 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Kathetersystem |
| DE102011109069B4 (de) * | 2011-07-30 | 2014-07-24 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Kathetersystem |
| WO2024233800A1 (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-14 | Lumenis Ltd. | Incident power inference from bubble length measurement for lithotripsy devices |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003065918A3 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
| AU2003208290A8 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| AU2003208290A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| DE10390338D2 (de) | 2004-12-23 |
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