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WO2003051610A1 - Procede de production d'un systeme de plastification pourvu de couches de protection contre l'usure presentant des proprietes de protection variable sur sa longueur axiale - Google Patents

Procede de production d'un systeme de plastification pourvu de couches de protection contre l'usure presentant des proprietes de protection variable sur sa longueur axiale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003051610A1
WO2003051610A1 PCT/EP2002/014155 EP0214155W WO03051610A1 WO 2003051610 A1 WO2003051610 A1 WO 2003051610A1 EP 0214155 W EP0214155 W EP 0214155W WO 03051610 A1 WO03051610 A1 WO 03051610A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasticizing
wear
screw
mixing
different
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2002/014155
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul-Eberhard Kortmann
Bernhard PÖLTL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mannesmann Plastics Machinery GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann Plastics Machinery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann Plastics Machinery GmbH filed Critical Mannesmann Plastics Machinery GmbH
Priority to EP02787941A priority Critical patent/EP1472074A1/fr
Publication of WO2003051610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003051610A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B29C45/60—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B29C45/62—Barrels or cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/507—Screws characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wear-protected plasticizing or compounding system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • solid plastic raw material is drawn in in a feed zone. This is conveyed and mixed by a snail.
  • the dissipated energy melts the plastic material with additional temperature control.
  • Two different types of wear occur in the feed zone and the melting area. Abrasive wear prevails in the feed zone and corrosive wear in the melting area.
  • the plastic is still solid in the feed zone. It is therefore also called the solid zone.
  • the active flank on the screw flight ie the flank of the screw flight pointing in the direction of conveyance, is most stressed by the high pressures occurring there.
  • the processing of plastic material with inorganic color pigment can lead to considerable signs of abrasion wear in this zone, in particular under the high pressures occurring in the feed zone, which has a positive effect on conveying.
  • the wear and tear is decisively influenced by the pigment hardness and concentration. Serious signs of wear occur in the solid zone on injection molding machines when processing filler-containing plastic masses and, to an even greater extent, on single-screw and twin-screw extruders when compounding and extruding filled masses.
  • With increasing 'Atifschmelzen the plastic mass the natural mobility of the pigment or filler is increased, until they can move freely. The pigment or filler particles can then roll off. All wear will then decrease.
  • EP 0801 690 B1 discloses a method for producing a wear protection coating on the surface of plasticizing screws for injection molding machines, in which a metallic, hard metal or ceramic material is applied by means of a spray jet using the high-speed flame spraying method.
  • a disadvantage of this coating of plasticizing screws for injection molding machines is that it can only be optimized for a certain type of wear. Adaptation to differently stressed areas with different spray materials is difficult.
  • Another disadvantage of the high-speed flame spraying process is that the process is expensive and lengthy, that only a comparatively simple geometry can be coated and that the coating is sensitive to impact or shock.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for producing a wear-protected plasticizing or compounding system for plastic machines, which offers wear protection optimized for the respective type of wear at low costs and a rapid production process, and enables the armoring of complicated structures ,
  • the wear protection coating varies on the different axial sections of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw and / or the plasticizing cylinder.
  • the type or composition of the wear protection coating is adapted to the types of wear prevailing at the corresponding axial sections by applying a band containing a coating material to the surface of a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw or to the inner surface of plasticizing cylinders.
  • the composition of this belt varies at different axial sections of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw or the plasticizing cylinder.
  • the composition of this band is adapted to the types of wear prevailing at the corresponding axial sections. The tape thus applied is then thermally treated, so that a wear-protected surface is created.
  • the belt can be applied and thermally treated in different processing stages of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw, i.e. already on the blank of the screw base body in the event of a coating of the web surface of the screw or on the finished machined plasticizer -, mixing or conveyor screw in the case of a coating of the screw base.
  • Another advantage is that the belt can also be used to repair an already worn screw.
  • the band is inserted into a spiral groove in the screw main body and then thermally treated.
  • the main screw body is processed in such a way that the area of the main screw body that is protected from wear remains as a web. This procedure has the advantage that the tape is well fixed in the groove and does not slip sideways.
  • the tape is preferably glued onto the screw base. This is the easiest and cheapest way of fastening.
  • the band is fixed on the screw base by a ceramic support cylinder or a wire mesh.
  • the glue is not required in this variant. This does not cause problems with the adhesive's combustion residues during the heat treatment of the tape.
  • the thermal treatment is preferably a soldering process.
  • the tape is firmly bonded to the screw base without being distorted by excessive thermal stress.
  • This thermal treatment preferably takes place in a vacuum oven. This avoids oxidation processes on atmospheric oxygen.
  • the thermal treatment takes place by means of an induction coil.
  • an induction coil This is a quick and space-saving alternative to the vacuum furnace.
  • the thermal treatment by means of the induction coil is preferably carried out with a blanket of inert gas.
  • the thermal treatment is carried out using a flame. This is a very inexpensive guarantee.
  • the band is applied to at least one flank of the webs of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screws. This also protects the flank areas of the webs from wear and prevents corrosion or erosion of the webs from the side of the flank.
  • the belt is applied to the base of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw.
  • the base of the plasticizing, mixing or conveyor screw is armored and protected against wear.
  • a tape containing a coating material is applied to a worn area of a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw after its mechanical pretreatment for repair purposes. The strip is then thermally treated, so that a wear-protected surface is created in said area. The surface is preferably machined. As a result, a screw that is no longer ready for use can be put back into use at low cost.
  • the plasticizing cylinder is designed in two parts in such a way that a cylinder sleeve with a wear protection coating is inserted in an outer plasticizing cylinder.
  • This has the advantage that only the cylinder liner is exposed to a thermal load during a heat treatment, such as the sintering on of a wear protection tape.
  • the outer plasticizing cylinder is not thermally stressed. This avoids the risk of warping due to thermal stress.
  • the connection between the outer plasticizing cylinder and the cylinder liner can be made by shrinking on.
  • the wear protection coating in different axial sections of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw and / or the plasticizing cylinder is preferably optimized for abrasive, corrosive or adhesive wear.
  • the wear protection coating in the feed area for plastic raw material of the plasticizing or compounding system is preferably aligned primarily against abrasive wear and in the melting area of the plasticizing or compounding system is primarily aligned against corrosive wear.
  • the wear protection coating on the top of the web of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw is different from the wear protection coating on the web flanks of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw and the screw base.
  • the wear is determined by the gap width and the dimensions of the filler particles.
  • the three - body abrasion with the metal - filler - metal combination occurs in the gap between the screw flight and the opposite inner wall of the plasticizing cylinder.
  • Wear mechanisms such as in the screw channel occur on the free part of the inner wall of the plasticizing cylinder.
  • the combination of plastic, filler and metal is created. This results in grain sliding wear and erosion.
  • the inner wall of the plasticizing cylinder is temporarily covered by the surface of the screw, sometimes it is exposed and forms the boundary of the screw channel. Therefore, the two wear mechanisms abrasion occur on average over time as on the surface of the screw and grain sliding wear and erosion as in the screw channel. It has therefore proven to be advantageous to design the wear protection coating on the web top of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw differently from the wear protection coating on the inner surface of the plasticizing cylinder in order to take account of this different composition of the types of wear.
  • the plasticizing cylinder is modularly composed of individual axial cylinder segments. This facilitates the coating of the inner wall of the plasticizing cylinder. In particular, this facilitates the application of various wear protection coatings over the axial length of the plasticizing cylinder if the cylinder segments are matched to the various wear protection coatings.
  • the individual axial cylinder segments preferably correspond to different priority working areas of the plasticizing or compounding system. Different forms of wear and tear occur in these different priority work areas of the plasticizing or compounding system, so that the cylinder segments are closely approximated to the various necessary wear protection coatings.
  • One or more of the following materials are used as coating materials in the strips, depending on the types of wear on the screw and barrel: AI, B, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ni, Si, Ti, W, AlO-ZrO, AL-TiO, Co-Cr, Co-Ni, CO-Mo-Cr, CrC- NiCr, CrC-Ni, Cr-Ni, CrO, NiCrAI, NiCrMo, TiC-CrNi, VC-CrNi, WC-CrC-Ni, WC-CrC-NiCr, WC- Co, WC-Co-Cr, WC-Co- NiCr, WC-Ni, WC-VC-Ni, ZrO-AlO, ZrO-MgO.
  • the screw segment and the corresponding barrel area do not have the same material composition, but complement each other in the minimization of the forms of wear that occur.
  • the material to be processed on the plastics machine can also be a determining factor in the selection of the material combination.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a basic screw body of a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw, which is spirally wrapped by a band containing a coating material,
  • FIG. 2 shows a screw body of a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw, in which a band containing a coating material is inserted into a spiral groove and annealed in an induction coil, in a plan view,
  • FIG. 3 shows a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw with a wear-protected surface layer on the peripheral surface of the webs in a top view.
  • Fig. 4 is a half cut open along its longitudinal axis plasticizing cylinder with a wear protection coating on its inner surface
  • Fig. 6 cross section through a screw base with wound tape and fixing the tape by a support cylinder.
  • a belt 1 containing a coating material is wound spirally around an optionally previously machined screw base 2 of a plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw (FIG. 1).
  • the tape 1 is provided on its inside with an adhesive and therefore adheres to the screw base body 2 independently.
  • the tape 1 resting on the screw base body 2 is shown in a section through the screw base body 2 along its longitudinal axis.
  • Tapes 1a, 1b and 1c with different chemical compositions can be applied at any point. In this way, different coating materials can be applied to different axial regions of the screw base 2 of the plasticizing, mixing or conveying screw. The application of the different coating materials is very easy and offers maximum flexibility.
  • a tape 1 with a chemical composition that varies over its length.
  • a tape 1 could be applied with a varying chemical composition that results in a coating that is optimally adapted to the various types of wear that occur in the plasticizing or compounding system for plastic machines.
  • the tapes 1a, 1b, 1c and so on are inserted into a spiral groove, so that the top of the assembled tape 1 as a whole is flush with the surface of the screw body 2.
  • a section through the screw main body 2 along its longitudinal axis clearly shows the flush closure of the band 1 on its upper side with the surface of the screw main body 2.
  • the screw base 2 is pushed axially through an induction coil 3. The adhesive burns on the inside of the tape 1 and the tape 1 melts briefly and forms a connection with the screw base 2 in the form of soldering.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plasticizing cylinder 7, which has been cut open half along its longitudinal axis, with a wear protection coating 8 on its inner surface.
  • a wear protection coating 8 For its wear protection coating 8, several wide coating tapes 1a to 1e, optimized depending on the type of wear, were applied to the inner surface along the circumferential direction. Subsequent annealing briefly melts the strips 1a to 1e and forms a soldered connection with the screw base body 2. In addition, the joints between the tapes are closed. In this way, a continuous wear protection layer 8 is created with sections 8a to 8e which contain different wear-reducing substances, depending on the respective requirements.
  • the procedure according to FIG. 5 can be followed. First, the tape 1 is wound onto the main screw body 2 and then an expandable support stocking 9 is put on. In this way, the band 1 is mechanically fixed on the screw base 2. If necessary, the position of the band 1 can be readjusted through the braid of the support stocking 9. For example, a non-stick coated wire mesh can be used as a support stocking.
  • a support cylinder 10 can also be used, which according to FIG. 6 is formed by an upper half-shell 11 and a lower half-shell 12, which have an anti-adhesive film 13 on their inside.
  • the half-shells can have a bed 14 in their interior to give the inside of the support cylinder a certain flexibility, which has an advantageous effect on the position fixing of the band 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un système de plastification pourvu d'un revêtement de protection contre l'usure (6, 8), qui présente des propriétés de protection contre l'usure variables sur sa longueur axiale, ladite couche de protection contre l'usure étant déposée sur la surface de vis de plastification, de vis mélangeuses ou de vis sans fin et/ou sur la face interne de cylindres de plastification (7) de machines de transformation de matières plastiques. L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'une bande (1) contenant une matière de revêtement est déposée sur la surface des vis de plastification, des vis mélangeuses ou des vis sans fin ou sur la surface de corps de base des vis de plastification, des vis mélangeuses, ou des vis sans fin et/ou sur la face interne desdits cylindres de plastification (7). La composition de ladite bande varie sur différentes parties axiales des vis de plastification, des vis mélangeuses, des vis sans fin et/ou des cylindres de plastification (7), de façon à être adaptée aux types d'usure prédominants sur lesdites parties axiales correspondantes. L'invention est en outre caractérisée en ce que ladite bande (1) est ensuite traitée thermiquement, de sorte qu'une surface protégée contre l'usure soit produite.
PCT/EP2002/014155 2001-12-14 2002-12-12 Procede de production d'un systeme de plastification pourvu de couches de protection contre l'usure presentant des proprietes de protection variable sur sa longueur axiale Ceased WO2003051610A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02787941A EP1472074A1 (fr) 2001-12-14 2002-12-12 Procede de production d'un systeme de plastification pourvu de couches de protection contre l'usure presentant des proprietes de protection variable sur sa longueur axiale

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10161363A DE10161363A1 (de) 2001-12-14 2001-12-14 Plastifiziersystem mit über seine axiale Länge variierenden Verschleißschutzschichten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE10161363.6 2001-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003051610A1 true WO2003051610A1 (fr) 2003-06-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/014155 Ceased WO2003051610A1 (fr) 2001-12-14 2002-12-12 Procede de production d'un systeme de plastification pourvu de couches de protection contre l'usure presentant des proprietes de protection variable sur sa longueur axiale

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1472074A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10161363A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003051610A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013126667A1 (fr) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Système de moulage par co-injection à conductivité thermique élevée
CN110306182A (zh) * 2019-05-29 2019-10-08 浙江工业大学 一种在球形表面制备硬质激光熔覆涂层的方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT504385B1 (de) * 2006-06-16 2014-03-15 Theysohn Extrusionstechnik Ges M B H Verfahren zur herstellung einer schnecke für einen extruder sowie schnecke
DE102019101731A1 (de) * 2019-01-24 2020-07-30 Troester Gmbh & Co. Kg Extruder für Polymerwerkstoffe sowie Verwendung eines Beschichtungsverfahrens zur Herstellung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02178013A (ja) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-11 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd プラスチック成形機用バイメタリックシリンダ
DE3943344C1 (en) * 1989-12-29 1990-10-04 Arenz Gmbh, 5309 Meckenheim, De Worm unit for plastic working machine e.g. extruder - has wear resistant unit on worm section head
JPH03205121A (ja) * 1990-01-08 1991-09-06 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd プラスチック成形機用スクリューおよびその製造方法
EP1029629A2 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-23 EUROMAT Gesellschaft für Werkstofftechnologie und Transfer mbH Procédé pour la fabrication d'une couche de protection sur la surface de pièces; alliage et matériau de brasage utilisé

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH445457A (de) * 1966-02-11 1967-10-31 Werner & Pfleiderer Misch- oder Knetmaschine
DE3010659C2 (de) * 1980-03-20 1988-06-16 Fa. Friedrich Theysohn, 3012 Langenhagen Doppelschneckenextruder mit Verschleißeinsatz

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02178013A (ja) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-11 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd プラスチック成形機用バイメタリックシリンダ
DE3943344C1 (en) * 1989-12-29 1990-10-04 Arenz Gmbh, 5309 Meckenheim, De Worm unit for plastic working machine e.g. extruder - has wear resistant unit on worm section head
JPH03205121A (ja) * 1990-01-08 1991-09-06 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd プラスチック成形機用スクリューおよびその製造方法
EP1029629A2 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-23 EUROMAT Gesellschaft für Werkstofftechnologie und Transfer mbH Procédé pour la fabrication d'une couche de protection sur la surface de pièces; alliage et matériau de brasage utilisé

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 447 (M - 1029) 25 September 1990 (1990-09-25) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 475 (M - 1186) 3 December 1991 (1991-12-03) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013126667A1 (fr) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Système de moulage par co-injection à conductivité thermique élevée
CN110306182A (zh) * 2019-05-29 2019-10-08 浙江工业大学 一种在球形表面制备硬质激光熔覆涂层的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1472074A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
DE10161363A1 (de) 2003-06-26

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