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WO2002038273A1 - Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires - Google Patents

Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002038273A1
WO2002038273A1 PCT/NL2000/000777 NL0000777W WO0238273A1 WO 2002038273 A1 WO2002038273 A1 WO 2002038273A1 NL 0000777 W NL0000777 W NL 0000777W WO 0238273 A1 WO0238273 A1 WO 0238273A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capillaries
fraction
method comprises
plant material
cereal grains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000777
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard George Van Bommel
Aharon Meir Eyal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cargill BV
Original Assignee
Cargill BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cargill BV filed Critical Cargill BV
Priority to AU2001215597A priority Critical patent/AU2001215597A1/en
Priority to PCT/NL2000/000777 priority patent/WO2002038273A1/fr
Publication of WO2002038273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002038273A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B02B3/12—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of fractionating capillaries-containing plant materials, for example in order to remove shells, which contain fibres, from cereal grains (kernels) .
  • the cleaned cereal grains to be processed further are separated from the non-usable fraction based upon differences in size and/or weight.
  • the cereal grains, from which the foreign matter has been removed, is used as starting material for further "wet" processing.
  • wet processing of corn into fractions of gluten and starch respectively is described in detail.
  • this corn After screening of the foreign matter and broken grains from the corn, in the wet process this corn is mixed with a certain quantity of water (approximately 1,5 time the weight of corn), which if desired contains a small amount of sulphurdioxyde, and is steeped therein for a few days ("steeping") and subsequently milled into a slurry such that the germs are not damaged.
  • the slurry thus obtained is passed over screen bendings and through hydrocyclones in order to remove the germs from the slurry.
  • the germs separated are dewatered and dried.
  • the slurry, from which the germs have been removed, is milled again and passed over screen bendings having smaller meshes in order to remove the fibres, which are predominantly derived from the shell of the corn kernels.
  • the fibres are washed in countercurrent with water in order to limit the loss of starch and to recover the starch in this water. After this washing step the fibres are dewatered and dried with the aid of conventional techniques, and stored.
  • the slurry which now consists primarily of granules of starch and gluten and water, is separated into a fraction of starch and a fraction of gluten. This separation is carried out in centrifuges and hydrocyclones, into which water is fed in countercurrent.
  • the gluten fraction thus obtained is dewatered and dried and milled to the desired dimensions.
  • the starch fraction is subjected to a refining treatment with acid and/or enzymes in order to obtain all sorts of compositions of glucose syrups. If desired, the starch can be modified into more specific derivatives thereof.
  • wet milling wet processes
  • dry milling dry processes
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for the fractionating of plant materials like cereal grains, seeds and legumes into well defined constituents in order to enhance the overal efficiency of the processing of such plant materials to valuable intermediate and end products, for example the processing of corn to starch, gluten and fibrous material, e.g. useful as cattlefeed.
  • the method of fractionating capillaries-containing plant material comprises applying internal mechanical pressure within the capillaries of the capillaries- containing plant material.
  • the plant material to be treated, that contains capillaries is separated into a number of different fractions by applying mechanical forces in the capillaries of the plant material. It is important to emphasize that unlike the conventional dry milling using externally applied forces, the mechanical pressure in the method according to the invention is applied within the capillaries themselves. It is believed that the mechanical forces applied within the capillaries induce strains and stresses in the plant material around the capillaries, resulting in a favourable fractionation in view of yield, purity and accuracy of the constituents to be separated.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for the removal of shells from cereal grains like corn.
  • Other applications include the treatment of agricultural byproducts like straw, cobs, bran in order to form dietary fibres, fermentation feedstock etc
  • an improvement of a dry method for removing fibrous shells form cereal grains using a cryogenic medium has been described in the PCT-application PCT/NLOO/00270, to be published.
  • This improved dry method comprises a premoistening step of cereal grains to raise the water content from its natural value of around 16 % to about 25%, which additional water is believed to be present predominantly in the capillaries in the shell and around the germ, followed by a step of subjecting the thus obtained cereal grains to thermal shock using a so called "cold-transfer medium", such as a cryogenic medium, thereby rapidly freezing the water in the capillaries and providing a temperature difference between the surface of each kernel and the interior thereof, and finally a step of applying mechanical force to the thus cooled cereal grains to remove the fibrous shells from the core components .
  • a so called "cold-transfer medium" such as a cryogenic medium
  • the present invention provides alternative methods for obtaining the same effect i.e. a clean separation between constituents of capillairies-containing plant material, and which alternative methods are applicable more broadly.
  • the internal mechanical pressure is applied through a fluid.
  • the mechanical forces derived from a fluid are more uniformly distributed within the capillaries than the forces obtained by generating ice crystals locally as in the case of the method according to the abovementioned PCT application. This results in an easy fractionation.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a step of allowing a liquid, present in the capillaries, to boil under sub-atmospheric pressure, e.g. in a vacuum chamber.
  • the rapid boiling of the liquid into vapour within the capillaries generates a pressure approximately 4 times larger than atmospheric pressure, resulting in cracking the epidermis and the subsequent detachment ' of the materials around the capillaries.
  • the method according to the invention is applied preferably to plant material wherein capillaries are concentrated in well defined positions, such as in the fibrous shell and around the germ in the case of most cereal grains .
  • microwave heating A suitable way of heating the fluid, present in the capillaries, to its boiling temperature is microwave heating.
  • This type of heating allows for a very fast increase of the temperature of the fluid, thereby generating stresses and strains in the material surrounding the capillaries, which stresses and strains are the initial points of the fractionation aimed for.
  • microwave heating is combined with the technique previously described, e.g. by microwave heating of the plant material in a vacuum chamber.
  • the method according to the invention may comprise a step of introducing additional water into the capillaries by subjecting the plant material to a premoistening treatment, e.g. by dipping the plant material in a water bath during a sufficient time.
  • a premoistening treatment e.g. by dipping the plant material in a water bath during a sufficient time.
  • a steeping time in water from about 10-180 minutes is sufficient to fill the capillaries at room temperature.
  • the length of the steeping time period depends on the water temperature. In corn the moisture content .
  • the expression "shell, which contains fibres” is meant to be the outer fibrous layer or layers of the kernels. In case of corn and wheat these layers is/are also indicated by the term “bran” .
  • the method according to the invention comprises a step of introducing a solution containing a solute into the capillaries, thereby creating osmotic pressure in the capillaries, because more water is pulled in.
  • S0 2 is an example of a suitable solute in water.
  • the method comprises a step of introducing a pressurized auxiliary fluid into the capillaries. In this way the capillaries are blown up, resulting in the desired fractionation.
  • the fluid is preferably a gas, such as compressed air, nitrogen, S0 2 .
  • the pressure in the capillaries is reduced, e.g. by applying a vacuum, and preferably then a fluid, preferably a liquid is introduced into the capillairies having a reduced pressure, e.g. by dropping the plant material in a liquid bath for a very small time.
  • the method comprises a step of forming hydrates within the capillaries. Such a hydrate can be formed in the capillaries by introducing suitable host molecules into the capillaries, each host molecule forming a nucleus for crystallization together with a plurality of water molecules .
  • Propane and C0 2 are examples of suitable host gasses. Such a step is preferably carried out at pressures up to 25 atm. and temperatures below room temperature. The heat of crystallization is withdrawn by the subcooled gas. Reducing the pressure liberates the host molecule, and melts down the water crystals being present.
  • the applied pressure within the capillaries results in the formation of stresses and strains around the capillaries thereby causing favourable locations for the fractionation, e.g. the fractionation of cereal grains in a' fraction comprising the fibrous shell and a fraction comprising the remainder of the constituents like the germ and endosperm matrix. Compared to the conventional wet methods far less water is required.
  • the products obtained are comprised of a relatively dry mixture of constituents, which can be further processed in order to obtain the individual constituents, as will be explained hereinbelow using cereal grains as an example of starting material.
  • the plant material treated according to the method of the invention may be subjected to an additional mechanical treatment applied externally, for example a coarse milling operation.
  • Suitable sorting techniques include electromagnetic separation, sieving and optical recognition.
  • Optical recognition systems are commercially available, for example from Pulsarr.
  • a relatively dry mixture as product of the method according to the invention can be easily separated in fractions according to size and/or weight with the aid of suitable conventional techniques, such as screening, wherein a significant portion of the shells is retained as relatively large particles having a relatively low weight.
  • a middle sized fraction contains smaller parts of the shell in addition to starch, gluten and germs.
  • a small sized fraction contains even finer parts of the shells in addition to starch and gluten.
  • the fibre components fibrous shells
  • the fibre components can be separated easily out from the middle and small sized fractions by means of a forced flow of air, such as fluidization in a fluid bed.
  • the fibre components can be separated out by means of conventional sieving.
  • the fibres, which are entrained by the fluidization medium are separated therefrom efficiently using for example cyclones.
  • the fibres thus separated are stored, if necessary after a pretreatment with heat, e.g. in a heat-exchanger.
  • the germs which contain oil, can be removed easily from the remaining mixture by conventional techniques, e.g. in a multistep operation. Examples thereof are inter alia ultrasonic separation, separation on density (density difference) , electronic scanning and extraction.
  • the mixture remaining after this separation - a germ free fraction - can be further separated into starch and gluten by conventional techniques .
  • the mixture of starch and gluten, which remains after removal of the fibres and the germs, can be subjected to a finer milling operation, wherein the size is reduced to a maximum of about 70 microns. Then this milled mixture is advantageously separated with the aid of static electricity.
  • the movement of the gluten fraction to the respective electrode can be enhanced by incorporating the materials to be separated in a carrier gas. In order to avoid dust explosions preferably this step is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, like nitrogen. Thereby dry starch and dry gluten are obtained as separated fractions .
  • the dry starch thus obtained needs only to be mixed with the precise amount of water in the preparation of a starting slurry for the refining into syrups of glucose.

Landscapes

  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de fractionner un matériel végétal contenant des capillaires, par exemple la répartition de tous les grains de maïs en une fraction comprenant l'enveloppe fibreuse et une fraction comprenant notamment le germe et la matrice d'endosperme, dans lequel une pression mécanique interne est appliquée dans les capillaires, de préférence par l'intermédiaire d'un liquide, tel que l'ébullition dans des conditions sous-atmosphériques.
PCT/NL2000/000777 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires Ceased WO2002038273A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001215597A AU2001215597A1 (en) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Method of fractionating capillaries-containing material
PCT/NL2000/000777 WO2002038273A1 (fr) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NL2000/000777 WO2002038273A1 (fr) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002038273A1 true WO2002038273A1 (fr) 2002-05-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2000/000777 Ceased WO2002038273A1 (fr) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Procede de fractionnement de materiel contenant des capillaires

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001215597A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002038273A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120040926A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2012-02-16 Pamela Araujo Rodrigues Muchiutti Process For Obtaining Polysaccharides From Jatoba (Hymenea Courbaril L) Seeds, Cosmetic Composition Comprising Said Polysaccharides And Uses Thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744399A (en) * 1969-11-24 1973-07-10 Etude Exploit Procedes Pour L Process and apparatus for removing the outer layer from cereal grains by a wet method
US4335151A (en) * 1975-06-16 1982-06-15 Centre Stephanois De Recherches Mecaniques Hydro-Mecanique Et Frottement Method for decorticating seeds
US4435429A (en) * 1982-02-16 1984-03-06 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Processing aqueous treated cereals

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744399A (en) * 1969-11-24 1973-07-10 Etude Exploit Procedes Pour L Process and apparatus for removing the outer layer from cereal grains by a wet method
US4335151A (en) * 1975-06-16 1982-06-15 Centre Stephanois De Recherches Mecaniques Hydro-Mecanique Et Frottement Method for decorticating seeds
US4435429A (en) * 1982-02-16 1984-03-06 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Processing aqueous treated cereals

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120040926A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2012-02-16 Pamela Araujo Rodrigues Muchiutti Process For Obtaining Polysaccharides From Jatoba (Hymenea Courbaril L) Seeds, Cosmetic Composition Comprising Said Polysaccharides And Uses Thereof
US10844141B2 (en) * 2008-06-19 2020-11-24 Natura Cosméticos S.A. Process for obtaining polysaccharides from jatoba (Hymenea courbaril l ) seeds, cosmetic composition comprising said polysaccharides and uses thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001215597A1 (en) 2002-05-21

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