WO2002027842A1 - Separateur de pile a combustible, procede de fabrication de ce separateur et pile a combustible a polymere solide mettant en oeuvre ce separateur - Google Patents
Separateur de pile a combustible, procede de fabrication de ce separateur et pile a combustible a polymere solide mettant en oeuvre ce separateur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002027842A1 WO2002027842A1 PCT/JP2001/008593 JP0108593W WO0227842A1 WO 2002027842 A1 WO2002027842 A1 WO 2002027842A1 JP 0108593 W JP0108593 W JP 0108593W WO 0227842 A1 WO0227842 A1 WO 0227842A1
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- separator
- fuel cell
- expanded graphite
- gas
- resin composite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/021—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
- B29C2043/023—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface having a plurality of grooves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2503/00—Use of resin-bonded materials as filler
- B29K2503/04—Inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Fuel cell separator method for producing the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the separator
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell separator used for a fuel cell, a method for producing the same, and a solid polymer type fuel cell using the separator for a fuel cell and having a solid polymer having ion conductivity as an electrolyte.
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a unit cell of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.
- each of the unit cells 26 is a plate-shaped solid polymer membrane 21 and a plate-shaped fuel electrode which is disposed on the opposite plate surface of the solid polymer membrane 21 and constitutes a gas diffusion electrode 22.
- a membrane electrode assembly 23 comprising 22 a and an oxidant electrode 22 b; two separators 24 contacting the fuel electrode 22 a and the oxidant electrode 22 b; Consists of 25 forces.
- the solid polymer membrane 21 As the solid polymer membrane 21, a perfluorocarbon sulfonate membrane or the like is used, and the solid polymer membrane 21 mixes the reaction gas supplied to the fuel electrode 22 a and the oxidant electrode 22 b. They also have a role to prevent them, so their area is usually larger than the area of the electrodes. Since the separator 24 does not mix two types of reaction gases, it is preferable that the separator 24 is a material that is difficult for gas to permeate, and since the separator 24 also needs to be conductive, a material such as metal or carbon is used. . The separator 24 on the fuel electrode 22a side and the oxidizer electrode 22b side are usually integrated on the front and back.
- the separator 24 and the gasket 25 for sealing the reaction gas are installed to form a unit battery 26.
- the packing 25 is also provided to prevent mixing of the two types of reaction gases and leakage to the outside. If two phenomena occur, such as a mixture of reaction gases or leakage to the outside, high-performance and stable power generation cannot be performed.
- the unit cell 26 is composed of a membrane electrode assembly 23, two separators 24 and packings 25 existing on both outer sides of the fuel electrode 22a and the oxidizer electrode 22b.
- the separator 24 has a plurality of through holes called manifolds 27 for supplying a reaction gas to each unit cell, and a number of fuel gas passages 28 a and an oxidizing gas passage connecting them. 28 b is formed, and a gas flow path 28 for supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas required for a cell reaction to the fuel electrode 22 a and the oxidizing electrode 22 b is formed. Since the electromotive force that can be obtained from the unit cell 26 is as low as 1 V or less, a plurality of unit cells 26 are stacked and electrically connected in series to form a fuel cell stack 29, which generates the electromotive force. Raise it.
- the stack 29 is usually provided with a cooling plate (not shown) for cooling the battery for each of one or more unit batteries 26.
- the stack 29 is tightened in the stacking direction using a tightening mechanism (not shown) such as a tightening plate, a tightening rod, a spring, and a nut. This is to ensure electrical and thermal contact and sealing between the unit batteries 26. '
- the separator made of expanded graphite is water-absorbing and hydrophilic, it is excellent in draining water accumulated in the channel, and can stably follow environmental changes such as a sudden load change.
- expanded graphite is a relatively soft material, so the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is tightened in the stacking direction by the tightening mechanism as described above. If it is held, a compression creep may occur, which causes a problem that the pressure loss of the reaction gas increases with time.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a repetitively laminated structure of the membrane electrode assembly 23 and the separator 24, so that the contact resistance between these two components is large and the battery voltage is high. However, there was a problem in that the power generation efficiency was reduced due to the lowering.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-274 926 discloses a separator as follows.
- the second known example is one in which a conductive elastic member is disposed on a convex portion of a concave / convex portion for forming a gas flow path provided on the surface of a separator in order to reduce contact resistance.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and the purpose is as follows.
- the separator made of expanded graphite is water-absorbing and hydrophilic, it has excellent drainage of water accumulated in the flow path, can stably follow environmental changes such as sudden load fluctuations, and has high performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a separator for a fuel cell which can be operated safely and stably for a long time with high performance, a method for manufacturing the same, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the separator.
- an invention corresponding to aspect 1 includes a gas diffusion electrode of a fuel cell, which includes a gas flow path for supplying a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, respectively.
- the separator is formed by combining a plate-like carbon resin composite material and an expanded graphite layer.
- a concave portion and a convex portion for forming the gas flow path are formed on at least one surface of the carbon resin composite material, and the expanded graphite layer is provided with the concave portion and the convex portion of the carbon resin composite material.
- the base of the separator is made of carbon resin composite.
- the gas flow path of the carbon resin composite material is formed. Since the expanded graphite layer is provided on the surface of the concave and convex portions, the advantage of the expanded graphite can be utilized as it is.
- the surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly and the separator are easily conformable, and because of their water absorption, they can stably follow environmental changes such as sudden load fluctuations. Furthermore, the compression creep can be reduced as compared with the case where the separator is composed only of expanded graphite, and high-performance, long-time safe and stable operation can be achieved.
- the expanded graphite layer has excellent water absorption, and the gas sealability is reduced due to the effect of the jet seal.
- the weight of the separator can be reduced.
- the invention corresponding to the second aspect is configured as follows. That is, the fuel according to aspect 1, wherein the carbon resin composite material uses a raw material obtained by mixing 0 to 85% by mass of the carbonaceous material and 15 to 100 ° / 0 of the thermosetting resin. This is a battery separator.
- the invention corresponding to the third aspect is configured as follows. That is, in the expanded graphite layer, the basis weight of the expanded graphite is 50 g / m 2 or more and 300 g_m 2 or less.
- the separator for a fuel cell according to aspect 1 or 2 which is characterized in that:
- the separator is the fuel cell separator according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein at least one of a potential measurement terminal and a temperature measurement probe is incorporated in advance.
- a fuel cell separator incorporating at least one of a potential measurement terminal or a temperature measurement probe may be provided.
- the invention corresponding to the aspect 5 is a method of mixing 0 to 85% by mass of a carbonaceous material and 15 to 100% by weight of a thermosetting resin.
- a first step of obtaining the raw material powder obtained in the first step, and spreading the raw material powder obtained in the first step in a plane on the inner surface of the molding space of the press molding die, and partially or entirely on one or both surfaces thereof The second step of arranging the expanded graphite sheet, and the second step, press-molding and molding the raw material powder and the expanded graphite sheet simultaneously using the press-molding mold. And a third step of controlling the temperature.
- a method for manufacturing a separator for a fuel cell comprising the steps of:
- the expanded graphite layer can be provided on one or both surfaces of one or both surfaces of the carbon resin composite material and integrated press-molding can be performed.
- the thermosetting resin in the carbon resin composite material exerts a binding action with the expanded graphite layer by thermosetting after molding.
- thermosetting resin fills the gaps created by the carbonaceous material and has the effect of reducing gas permeation.
- the specific gravity of the thermosetting resin is smaller than that of the carbonaceous material, and the weight of the carbon resin composite does not increase even if the ratio is relatively large.
- an invention corresponding to aspect 6 is configured as follows. That is, the expanded graphite sheet used in the second step, the station side basis weight of the expanded graphite and 5 0 g / m 2 or more 3 0 0 g Z m 2 or less and what the characteristics of the lower subsidiary 6.
- an invention corresponding to aspect 7 is configured as follows. That is, at the time of press-molding in the third step, at least one of a potential measurement terminal and a temperature measurement probe is incorporated in the separator molded body. 6. The method for producing a separator for a fuel cell according to 6.
- an invention corresponding to aspect 8 is a membrane-electrode complex in which gas diffusion electrodes are respectively arranged on both surfaces of a solid polymer membrane, and at least a fuel gas or an oxidizing agent is provided in the gas diffusion electrode.
- a solid polymer fuel cell formed by repeatedly forming a laminated structure in which separators provided with gas flow paths for supplying one of the gases are brought into contact with each other,
- the separator is formed by combining a plate-like carbon resin composite material and an expanded graphite layer.
- a concave portion and a convex portion for forming the gas flow path are formed on at least one surface of the carbon resin composite material
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is characterized in that the expanded graphite layer is disposed on a plate surface of the carbon resin composite material including a portion where the concave portion and the convex portion are formed.
- an invention corresponding to aspect 9 is configured as follows. That is, the solid height according to aspect 8, wherein the carbon resin composite material uses a raw material obtained by mixing 0 to 85% by mass of a carbonaceous material and 15 to 100% by mass of a thermosetting resin. It is a molecular fuel cell.
- the invention corresponding to Aspect 10 is as follows: It is configured as shown below. That is, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to aspect 8 or 9, wherein the expanded graphite layer has a basis weight of the expanded graphite of 50 g / m 2 or more and 300 g / m 2 or less. It is.
- the invention corresponding to the aspect 11 is configured as follows. That is, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to any one of aspects 8 to 10, wherein the separator has a potential measurement terminal or a probe for temperature measurement incorporated therein in advance.
- the following effects can be obtained to improve the following problems. That is, when a sudden change in load occurs, especially when a sudden increase in load occurs, the problem with conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells is that when the polymer polymer membrane dries and the voltage drops. was there.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention since the expanded graphite layer having high water absorption has an action of absorbing moisture in the reaction gas, it serves as a moisture buffer. A stable battery voltage can be obtained even for such a sudden load change. It also excels in discharging water accumulated in the flow channel.
- the separator adjacent to the separator is provided by using the carbon resin composite material for the base material of the separator and providing the expanded graphite layer only on the surface.
- the compression clean of the entire fuel cell can be extremely reduced while maintaining the corrosion resistance with components such as the electrode assembly.
- the expanded graphite layer absorbs water, which reduces the gas permeability due to the effect of the jet seal. By reducing the density of the carbon resin composite material used as the panel, the weight of the entire fuel cell can be reduced.
- the compression creep can be reduced, and the contact resistance between the membrane electrode assembly and the separator can stably follow environmental changes such as a sudden load change.
- a fuel cell separator capable of performing high-performance, safe and stable operation for a long time, a method for producing the same, and a solid polymer fuel cell using the separator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a first embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing only the separator of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of an i_V characteristic test and an AC resistance test in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a load fluctuation test result according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a 500-hour continuous power generation test result in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a separator for explaining a third embodiment of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of an i-V characteristic test and an AC resistance test in the third embodiment.
- Figure 9 shows the results of the load fluctuation test in the third embodiment. Figure. .
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a 500-hour continuous power generation test result in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the separator of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell H according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a unit cell of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 A configuration of a fuel cell separator and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
- the basic structure of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present embodiment is similar to that of the above-described conventional technology, and is similar to that of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack 1 described later.
- Current takeoff clamping plates 14 (disposed on current takeoff upper plate 14a, current takeoff lowering plate 14b) provided at both ends of fuel cell stack 1 and both currents It consists of a take-out fastening plate 14, a rod 15 for fastening the fuel cell stack 1, a counter panel 16, an insulating bush 17 and a nut 18.
- the fuel cell is te click 1 includes a membrane electrode assembly 4 Remind as in FIG. 2, provided cormorants by sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly 4, Se Nono 0 regulator 7 and Se Nono 0 rater 1 described below
- a unit cell 8 consisting of 0 and a fuel separator 11 is brought into contact with each other to form a repeatedly laminated structure.
- the membrane electrode assembly 4 has gas diffusion electrodes 2 (a fuel electrode 2 a and an oxidant electrode 2 b) disposed on opposing plate surfaces of a flat solid polymer film 3.
- the separators 7, 10 and 11 configured as follows are used. That is, the separator (integrating the oxidizing gas separator and the fuel gas separator) 7 is composed of a carbon resin composite material 12 and an expanded graphite layer 13 as shown in FIG.
- the carbon resin composite material 12 is plate-shaped, and has concave portions 12 a and convex portions 12 b for forming a fuel gas flow path 6 a and an oxidizing gas flow path 6 b on each plate surface, respectively.
- the expanded graphite layer 13 is disposed on the entire surface of the carbon resin composite material 12 including the portion where the concave portions 12a and the convex portions 12b are formed.
- the separator 10 (in which the oxidizing gas separator and the cooling plate are integrally formed) has almost the same configuration as the separator 7 and is composed of a carbon resin composite material 12 and an expanded graphite layer 13.
- the material 12 is plate-shaped, and has a concave portion 12a and a convex portion 12b for forming a cooling water passage 6c and an oxidizing gas passage 6b on each plate surface.
- the concave portions 12 a and the convex portions 12 b of the carbon resin composite material 12 are formed. It is arranged on the entire plate surface including the part.
- the separator (integrating the fuel gas separator and the cooling plate) 11 is disposed between the separator 10 and the membrane electrode assembly 4, and is provided on the plate surface of the plate-like carbon resin composite material 12.
- a concave portion 12a and a convex portion 12b for forming the fuel gas flow path 6a are formed, and a portion where the concave portion 12a and the convex portion 12b are formed is formed.
- the expanded graphite layer 13 is provided on all of the plate surfaces (the surface facing the fuel electrode 2a), and the other plate surface is flat on the carbon resin composite material 12 without any formation (separator). 10 surface facing the cooling water channel 6c).
- a plurality of through-holes called manifolds 5 are provided on both sides of a membrane electrode assembly 4 in which a solid polymer membrane 3 is sandwiched between two electrodes 2 of a fuel electrode 2 a and an oxidant electrode 2 b, and a fuel gas manifold.
- the unit cell 8 is composed of an integrated separator 7 that is provided on each side with a fuel gas flow path 6a connecting the grounds and an oxidizing gas flow path 6b connecting the oxidizing gas manifolds. It has a repeating structure. The actual number of unit battery stacks is, for example, 20.
- Gas seals 9 are provided between the separator 7 and the membrane electrode assembly 4 to prevent leakage to the outside and mixing of reaction gases. Further, a total of 10 cooling plates are provided for each of the two unit batteries, and cooling water flows through the cooling water flow path 6c. The cooling plate and the oxidizer gas separator are solidified Seno. The fuel gas separator 11 is It is a single-sided product.
- the separator 7 is a portion of the carbon resin composite material 12, which is a layer serving as a central base described below, and a portion where the concave portion 12 a and the convex portion 12 b of the carbon resin composite material 12 are formed.
- This is a composite product having a three-layer structure consisting of the expanded graphite layers 13 and 13 described below on the plate surface (surface) containing.
- an expanded graphite layer 13 having a basis weight of 120 g / m 2, that is, a thickness of 70 ⁇ and a density of about 1.7 g Z cm 3 is used. Both the carbon resin composite material 12 and the expanded graphite layer 13 are molded into concave portions and convex portions according to the shape of the gas flow path.
- the method of manufacturing the separator 7 includes first to third steps which will be roughly described below.
- the first step is a step of obtaining a raw material powder obtained by mixing 0 to 85% by mass of the carbonaceous material and 15 to 100% by weight of the thermosetting resin.
- the second step the raw material powder obtained in the first step is spread in a plane on the inner surface of the molding space of the press molding die, and an expanded graphite sheet is arranged on a part or the whole of one or both surfaces thereof. It is a process.
- the raw material powder and the expanded graphite sheet obtained in the second step are simultaneously subjected to press molding and molding temperature control using the press molding die.
- thermosetting resin a phenolic resin PG-2411 manufactured by Gunei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was sieved to a particle size of 90 im or less, and then vacuum dried. Thereafter, 75% by mass of the graphite powder, 5% by mass of the carbon fiber, and 20% by mass of the thermosetting resin were mixed by a V blender at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- the pre-engraved mold has a flow path inside the mold, and after flowing hot water to preheat the mold to 70 ° C, spread the expanded graphite sheet on the lower mold, After filling, the upper mold was placed on the surface of the raw material, as well as an expanded graphite sheet covered with Kregraph, a trade name of Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the mold filled with the raw materials is transported to a press machine, and after applying a pressurizing operation with a projected cross-sectional area of 10 MPa, steam at 160 ° C or higher is flowed through the flow path in the mold.
- the inside of the mold was heated.
- the graphite powder and the carbon fibers are combined by plasticization of the thermosetting resin, and cured through the engraving of the mold by curing of the thermosetting resin.
- the temperature was set at 150 ° C or higher for 10 minutes. After that, cooling water was flowed into the flow path inside the mold while maintaining the pressurized state. When the temperature inside the mold reached 100 ° C or less, the pressure was released, and the molded body was taken out. An extra portion of the molded body was cut to obtain a separator.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell A using the composite is a current extraction clamp plate 14a, 14b, rod 15, panning panel 16 insulating bush 17, nut A power generation test was carried out by supplying a humidified reaction gas and cooling water by tightening in the stacking direction using 18 and the like.
- the separator material As a comparative example, only the separator material was changed, and three other polymer electrolyte fuel cells (unit cells: 20) with exactly the same specifications were manufactured for other parts such as the membrane electrode assembly. .
- the first was a solid polymer fuel cell B with a specification of only the expanded graphite layer 13 as the separator material, and the second was only the carbon resin composite material 12 that was the base of the composite separator.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell C of the third specification has the same configuration as the separator of C, and is made of a carbon polymer composite material that has the same gas permeability as expanded graphite 13 as its material.
- Fuel cell D The D separator has a higher specific gravity than those of A and C, and has lower gas permeability than the C separator.
- Power generation tests of these four polymer electrolyte fuel cells were performed and evaluated comparatively. Power generation tests for four polymer electrolyte fuel cells: current density-voltage characteristics test (i-V characteristics test), AC resistance measurement test, load fluctuation test, 500 hours continuous power generation test, and oxidizer gas pressure The loss was monitored.
- i-V characteristics test current density-voltage characteristics test
- AC resistance measurement test AC resistance measurement test
- load fluctuation test 500 hours continuous power generation test
- oxidizer gas pressure The loss was monitored.
- C and D have large contact resistance, especially electrical contact resistance.
- A uses a separator made of only expanded graphite 13 and has the same AC resistance value as B, and the 70 ⁇ m expanded graphite layer 1 on the surface of the carbon-resin composite 12 By adopting the structure provided with 3, the same contact resistance as B could be reduced. Also, the voltage of C decreases when the load is low, because the carbon resin composite material 12 used as the base of the separator of the composite product has a large gas permeability, through which the fuel gas and the oxidant are oxidized. This is because the mixing of the agent gases causes a so-called crossover.
- Fig. 5 shows the load fluctuation test results.
- Load (current density) sequence variation is set to "0. 0 5 A / cm 2 ⁇ 0. 5 A / cm 2 ⁇ 0. 0 5 A / cm 2 ⁇ 0. 5 A / cm 2 ", each load
- the holding time was 5 minutes, and the load change operation was within 1 second. During that time, the gas utilization rate and cooling water temperature were kept constant.
- A, B, and C showed almost the same trends, and C was slightly lower due to the above factors, but A, B A trend close to that was shown.
- D immediately after the load rise, the voltage became lower than the others, and the AC resistance became higher.
- reaction gas flow rate increases rapidly with the increase in load, and the evaporation capacity shifts to a state where the water to be evaporated is insufficient for D.
- the water in the molecular film 3 evaporates. Therefore, the AC resistance value also increases.
- the separator material forming the gas flow paths 6a and 6b contains evaporable water enough to follow load fluctuations. As a result, the voltage is stable and the AC resistance hardly changes.
- Fig. 6 shows the results of the 500-hour continuous power generation test and the oxidant gas pressure loss trend.
- the current density was fixed at 0.2 AZ cm 2 , and the gas utilization and cooling water temperature were also constant.
- the voltage change all battery voltages showed stable trends.
- A, C, and D showed almost no increase in pressure loss over 500 hours, but B exhibited a gradual pressure loss until about the first 100 hours. And then remained almost constant thereafter.
- (1) Congresss 7, 10, 11 consist of a carbon resin composite material 12 and an expanded graphite layer 13, and carbon resin composite material 12 is plate-shaped and has a gas flow path on the plate surface.
- the expanded graphite layer 13 is formed by the concave portion 12 a and the convex portion 12 b of the carbon resin composite material 12. Since it is arranged on the plate surface including the formed part, it is possible to obtain a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that can suppress the rise in the reaction gas pressure loss, and is lightweight, high-performance, safe, and stable for a long time. Can be.
- the expanded graphite layer 13 with high water absorption absorbs moisture in the reaction gas, it acts as a buffer for moisture and maintains stable characteristics even when the load fluctuates. Is obtained.
- the contact resistance and gas permeability of the separator can be reduced, and a lightweight, high-performance and stable polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be obtained.
- Separators b, c, and d having the same configuration and outer shape as those in FIG. 3 and having different compositions of the carbon resin composite material 12 serving as the central base of the separator 7 were manufactured.
- the basic separator manufacturing method for all of a, b, c, and d is as described in the first embodiment.
- the thermosetting resin are mixed in the order of a, b, c, d in the order of 0 mass%-100 mass%, 50 mass%-50 mass%, 85 mass%-15 mass, respectively.
- the weights of the a, b, c, and d separators were compared.
- separators were subjected to a continuous heating test at 80 ° C for 100 hours using a heatable glass container filled with ultrapure water. A peel test was performed on the monocarbon resin composite material 12. Further, after the continuous heating test, each separator was dried at 120 ° C for 2 hours, and then a pressure of 50 kPa was applied to the helicopter using a gas permeation amount measuring device. A comparison was made of the amount of transmitted light.
- the force a, b, and c was S 10 — 3 ml / sec Z cm 2
- d was 1 O ml / sec Z cm 2
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell By using a raw material in which 0 to 85% of a carbonaceous material and 15 to 100% of a thermosetting resin are used as a carbon resin composite material for a separator, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be used. The weight can be reduced. In addition, a binding effect between the carbon resin composite material and the expanded graphite layer is imparted, and during the long-term power generation of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the separation of the expanded graphite layer in the separator does not occur. It is possible to generate a fixed amount of power. Furthermore, a high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cell can be obtained by reducing the gas permeability of the separator.
- the basic separator manufacturing method for E, F, G, and H is as described in the first embodiment, but the basis weight of the expanded graphite layer in the product is in the order of E, F, G, and H. 30 g / m 2 , 500 g / m 2 , 300 g / m 2 , and 500 g / m 2 , respectively.
- the cross section of the separator 7 was also observed by SEM. was a roller, the thickness of the expanded graphite layer 1 3 are each 1 8 ⁇ m, 3 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 8 0 m, 4 0 0 ⁇ m density E, F, G of about 1. 7 g / cm 3 Eleven were approximately 1.3 g Z cm 3 .
- the separators located at both ends (No. 1 and No. 21) in the stacking direction of the battery and the separators (No. 11) located at the center are described as follows.
- the copper wire 19 for potential measurement is placed diagonally at, and the sheath diameter ⁇ ⁇ is directed toward one of the midpoints of the four corners from the center to measure the temperature at the center of the separator. .5 mm K-type thermocouples 20 were respectively embedded in the separator.
- the potential difference at each copper wire 19 was measured to determine the upper (N0.1 to No. 10) and lower (No. ll to No. 20) half-cell voltages.
- the upper and lower half-cells (half of the stack) have a voltage difference and a temperature, respectively, and when the power generation is stopped when they exceed the reference values, the protection system works.
- a power generation test was performed on the polymer electrolyte fuel cells EF, G, and H using these four separators.
- a current density-voltage characteristic test (1 Test) As a power generation test on the four polymer electrolyte fuel cells, a current density-voltage characteristic test (1 Test), AC resistance measurement test, temperature measurement of the center of the separator, load fluctuation test, continuous power generation test for 500 hours, and monitoring of oxidant gas pressure loss.
- the compression tape of the expanded graphite layer and the gas flow channel depth were also examined.
- Figure 8 shows the results of the i-V characteristic test and the AC resistance measurement test.F, G, and H were almost the same as the i-V characteristic test and the AC resistance value. The voltage drop became remarkable. In addition, E was larger than that of the others in the AC resistance measurement. Further, when the temperatures of the three thermocouples were measured at E, F, G, and H, the temperature of the thermocouple 20 inserted into the No. 11 sensor 7 at a current density of 0.5 AZ cm 2 was measured. Is 85 ° C for E and F, G, H was 80 ° C. Also, none of the half-cell voltage differences exceeded the reference value.
- Fig. 9 shows the load fluctuation test results.
- Load (current density) sequence variation is set to "0. 0 5 A / cm 2 ⁇ 0. 5 A / cm 2 ⁇ 0. 0 5 A / c 2 ⁇ 0. 5 A / cm 2 ", each load
- the holding time was 5 minutes and the load change operation was within 1 second. During that time, the gas utilization rate and cooling water temperature were kept constant.
- the voltage and AC resistance trends at each load were measured, it was found that, with respect to E, the load following ability was delayed in addition to the low voltage itself, but that F, G, and H were almost the same. Showed.
- Fig. 10 shows the results of the 500-hour continuous power generation test and the oxidant gas pressure loss trend.
- the current density was fixed at 0.2 A / cm, and the gas utilization rate and cooling water temperature were also kept constant.
- the voltage change all battery voltages showed stable trends.
- E, F, and G showed almost no increase in pressure loss throughout the 50,000 hours.
- H showed a gradual increase in pressure loss until about the first 100 hours, and remained almost constant thereafter.
- Figure 11 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the separator 7 used for H.
- the thickness of the convex portion is larger than the thickness of the ⁇ portion. That is, the density of the expanded graphite layer 13 of the convex portion becomes low.
- the pressure loss of the oxidizing gas increased with time due to the increase in the amount of compression creep. The pressure loss increased up to about 60 hours in the initial stage, but then fell to a certain value because the compression creep reached saturation.
- the basis weight of the expanded graphite layer 13 be in the range of 50 g / m 2 or more and 300 g Zm 2 or less.
- the present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell characterized in that it is a carbon resin composite material separator in which a potential measurement terminal or a probe for temperature measurement is preliminarily incorporated and molded integrally.
- a potential measurement terminal or a probe for temperature measurement is preliminarily incorporated and molded integrally.
- the risk of a short circuit accident due to the probe coming off can be prevented, the battery diagnosis becomes easier, and the safety improves.
- the present invention has been described with respect to an example in which the present invention is applied to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell as a fuel cell separator.
- the present invention can be applied to fuel cells other than the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the separator for a fuel cell of the present invention, a method for producing the same, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the separator can be used as a fuel cell that can be used also as various power sources, for example, a vehicle power source and a stationary power source. Available.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10196698T DE10196698B3 (de) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Brennstoffzellenseparator, Herstellungsverfahren desselben, und den Separator verwendende Feststoffpolymerbrennstoffzelle |
| US10/396,487 US6797424B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2003-03-26 | Separator for fuel cell, production process thereof, and solid polymer fuel cell using the separator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000301469A JP2002110189A (ja) | 2000-09-29 | 2000-09-29 | 燃料電池用セパレータ及びその製造方法並びに該セパレータを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
| JP2000-301469 | 2000-09-29 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/396,487 Continuation US6797424B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2003-03-26 | Separator for fuel cell, production process thereof, and solid polymer fuel cell using the separator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002027842A1 true WO2002027842A1 (fr) | 2002-04-04 |
Family
ID=18783005
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2001/008593 Ceased WO2002027842A1 (fr) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Separateur de pile a combustible, procede de fabrication de ce separateur et pile a combustible a polymere solide mettant en oeuvre ce separateur |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6797424B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2002110189A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1206761C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE10196698B3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2002027842A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7062443B2 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2006-06-13 | Silverman Stephen E | Methods and apparatus for evaluating near-term suicidal risk using vocal parameters |
| CA2401934A1 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and conductive separator plate thereof |
| JP4105421B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-31 | 2008-06-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極及びそれを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池並びに発電システム |
| US20030116753A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Graftech Inc. | High surface area carbon composites |
| JP4645790B2 (ja) | 2002-08-09 | 2011-03-09 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池セパレータおよび固体高分子型燃料電池 |
| JP4508574B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-27 | 2010-07-21 | イビデン株式会社 | 燃料電池用セパレータ、燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
| US20060280992A1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2006-12-14 | Michinari Miyagawa | Fuel cell separator |
| JP4631311B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-21 | 2011-02-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
| JP4648007B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-06 | 2011-03-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 燃料電池用セパレータおよび燃料電池 |
| WO2006121157A1 (ja) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池 |
| JP2007026828A (ja) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-02-01 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| US20070147187A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-06-28 | Gennady Resnick | Method of using graphite for making hydrophilic articles |
| US20080025898A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2008-01-31 | Gennady Resnick | Method of treating a material to achieve sufficient hydrophilicity for making hydrophilic articles |
| US20070148361A1 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-06-28 | Gennady Resnick | Method of treating graphite for making hydrophilic articles |
| US8277985B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-10-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Separator including an elastic layer for use in humidifying device, humidifying device, and fuel cell system including humidifying device |
| US9379393B2 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2016-06-28 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Carbon cladded composite flow field plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell |
| CN102365158B (zh) * | 2009-03-30 | 2014-02-26 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 薄板压制成型方法和燃料电池用隔板的制造方法 |
| US9005830B2 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2015-04-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Freeze start operation in a fuel cell with a blocked anode cell |
| US8859164B2 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2014-10-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Bipolar plates and electrochemical cells employing the same |
| RU2482575C2 (ru) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-05-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет технологии и дизайна" | Материал для углеродного электрода |
| RU2482574C2 (ru) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-05-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет технологии и дизайна" | Материал для углеродного электрода |
| US11942665B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2024-03-26 | Arisawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Separator member for fuel cell, and method for manufacturing said separator member |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62272465A (ja) * | 1986-05-20 | 1987-11-26 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 燃料電池用セパレ−タ |
| JPH09283157A (ja) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池、燃料電池の製造方法、複合ガスセパレータ、およびその製造方法 |
| JP2000012048A (ja) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-01-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用ガスセパレータと該燃料電池用セパレータを用いた燃料電池、並びに燃料電池用ガスセパレータの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5300370A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-04-05 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Laminated fluid flow field assembly for electrochemical fuel cells |
| JPH09274926A (ja) * | 1996-04-05 | 1997-10-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
| US5942347A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1999-08-24 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell separator plate |
| DE19736600A1 (de) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-02-25 | Zae Bayern Bayerisches Zentrum Fuer Angewandte Energieforschung Ev | Brennstoffzelle |
-
2000
- 2000-09-29 JP JP2000301469A patent/JP2002110189A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-09-28 DE DE10196698T patent/DE10196698B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-28 CN CNB018166296A patent/CN1206761C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-28 WO PCT/JP2001/008593 patent/WO2002027842A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-03-26 US US10/396,487 patent/US6797424B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62272465A (ja) * | 1986-05-20 | 1987-11-26 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 燃料電池用セパレ−タ |
| JPH09283157A (ja) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池、燃料電池の製造方法、複合ガスセパレータ、およびその製造方法 |
| JP2000012048A (ja) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-01-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用ガスセパレータと該燃料電池用セパレータを用いた燃料電池、並びに燃料電池用ガスセパレータの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10196698T1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
| JP2002110189A (ja) | 2002-04-12 |
| CN1206761C (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
| CN1466790A (zh) | 2004-01-07 |
| US20030162079A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| DE10196698B3 (de) | 2013-01-17 |
| US6797424B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
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