WO2002027042A1 - Method for cooling a blast furnace with cooling plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooling a blast furnace provided with staves. Said staves are cooling plates comprising a massive plate body wherein cooling channels are integrated. The inventive method is characterised in that, the cooling water through flow, particularly in thermically high loaded areas of the furnace, is reduced in such a way that the average flow speed of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m/s and can even be lower than 0.6 m/s. A whirl device is mounted upstream from the cooling channels in such a way that it generates a spiral flow of cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel.

Description

 METHOD FOR COOLING A BLAST OVEN WITH

COOLING PLATES

The present invention relates to a method for cooling a blast furnace with cooling plates, also called staves.

In modern blast furnaces, the furnace wall cooling consists of so-called staves, which line the furnace shell towards the inside of the furnace. Such a stave is a cooling plate which comprises a rectangular, solid plate body in which several vertical cooling channels are integrated. The solid plate body can be made of cast iron (in particular GGG, ie cast iron with spheroidal graphite) or of copper or a copper alloy. In cooling plates made of cast iron, the cooling channels are mostly formed by cast-in, U-shaped steel tubes, the ends of the tube being led out of the rear of the plate body as connecting pieces of the cooling channel. With copper staves, the cooling channels are drilled, for example, in the plate body. However, it is also known to produce copper staves by continuous casting, the cooling channels then being cast in during continuous casting. In both cases, two connection bores per cooling channel are then drilled from the back of the copper plate body, which open centrally into the upper or lower end of the cooling channel. Pipe sockets are then soldered or welded into these connection bores as connection sockets. The cooling plates are integrated into a water cooling circuit of the blast furnace via their connecting pieces. Several cooling plates are cool _. connected in series on the cooling water side. In this context, reference is also made to WO 00/36154, which has solved the problem of reducing the flow losses in copper cooling plates with cast-in or drilled cooling channels. This is achieved in that a shaped piece is inserted into a recess in the cooling plate body and forms a flow-optimized deflection channel for the cooling medium.

When designing the blast furnace's water cooling circuit, it should be noted that the formation of a vapor film along the wall of a cooling channel

BE ACTIVATION ÖKOP must be avoided at all costs. Such a steam film indeed has a very high heat transfer resistance, so that the cooling of the plate body in the area of the steam film is greatly impaired and local overheating of the plate body can occur. In order to reliably avoid such vapor film formation, particularly in areas subject to high thermal loads, relatively high flow velocities (ie 1.5 to 2.0 m / s) are used in the cooling channels of the cooling plates and small temperature differences in the cooling water between the inlet and outlet ( usually 3 ° C to 5 ° C). As a result, large amounts of cooling water must be circulated in the blast furnace's water cooling circuit (for a blast furnace with a frame diameter of 10 m, this can be 2500 to 3000 m ³ / h). These large amounts of cooling water make the water cooling circuit more expensive due to large pipe cross sections and pumps. Due to the relatively low return temperatures, relatively complex recooling systems are required. The operating costs, such as the energy costs for operating the circulation pumps and the costs for water treatment, are also very high due to the large amounts of cooling water.

Many proposals are known from the patent literature to improve the cooling of metallurgical furnaces by generating turbulent flows in cooling elements.

DE 29721941 U1 describes, for example, a coolant line integrated into the wall of an electric furnace, which contains baffles in the interior of the line for generating local turbulence and / or increasing the flow rate. This should continuously break down any vapor layer that may form. However, DE 29721941 U1 assumes a flow velocity of 4 m / s without internals and less than 3 m / s, or 2.5 m / s with internals, which of course are still significantly higher flow velocities than in the Cooling channels of the Staves are available. US 4,210,101 deals with the cooling of a blast furnace by means of so-called cooling boxes. Unlike Staves, these are cool boxes Hollow body with a real cooling chamber. US 4,210,101 proposes to create a spiral movement of the cooling water by means of internals in this cooling chamber. This is intended to improve the cooling of the cooling box. However, cooling boxes are not used today to cool modern blast furnaces, but mainly copper and cast iron staves.

The SU 386 993 from 1970 relates to a blast furnace cooler with a cast housing that contains a cooling coil. The cooling coil has a cooling water inlet and a cooling water return. A spiral membrane is built into the cooling water inlet, which creates a vortex and creates a turbulent flow in the cooling coil, so that better cooling performance is achieved. Blast furnace coolers of this type could not prevail.

SU 439 678 from 1971 relates to a tubular cooler for metallurgical furnaces. Baffles in the interior of the cooler are intended to generate a turbulent flow by swirling, as a result of which the heat transfer coefficient between the cooling element and the cooling medium increases.

The LU 88010 relates to a wall cooler made of pipes for an electric arc furnace. Parallel pipe segments are connected by means of short pipe sections, which discharge the cooling liquid tangentially from one pipe segment and in turn feed it tangentially into the next pipe segment. This creates a spiral cooling flow in the parallel pipe segments, which should increase the cooling capacity of the wall cooler.

Regarding Staves, it should be noted that their cooling capacity is only marginally influenced by the water-side heat transfer coefficient, so that turbulent flow in the Staves cooling channels does not necessarily guarantee a significantly better cooling capacity. On the other hand, turbulent flows naturally cause significantly more pressure losses, so that a turbulent flow in the cooling channels of the Staves is not an advantage from the outset. An object of the present invention is to propose a method for cooling a blast furnace with Staves, which enables both the Reduce investment costs as well as the operating costs for the water cooling circuit without losing safety. This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.

According to the method according to the invention, especially in areas of the blast furnace which are subject to high thermal loads, the cooling water throughput is reduced in such a way that the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m / s, even less than 0.5 m / s can be. In this regard, it should be noted that until the present invention, the rule for the person skilled in the art was that the cooling water throughput in the cooling channels of the staves is fixed in such a way that an average flow rate of the cooling water of at least 1.5 m / s is ensured. A swirling device is connected upstream of the cooling channels with the reduced flow rate in such a way that it produces a helical flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel. The flow rate of the cooling liquid accordingly has an axial and a peripheral component in the cooling channel. The axial component determines the flow in the cooling channel. The peripheral component has no influence on the flow in the cooling channel. It thus enables the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the vicinity of the wall of the cooling channel to be increased without increasing the flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling channel. This makes it possible to ensure the required security against vapor film formation and still keep the flow of the coolant in the cooling channel small. Smaller quantities of cooling water make the cooling circuit cheaper due to smaller pipe cross-sections, small circulation pumps and smaller recooling systems. The additional vortex devices cause the cooling plates to become slightly more expensive, but this price increase is significantly lower than the savings mentioned above. The method according to the invention also causes lower operating costs, in particular by saving energy costs for the circulation. Although the additional vortex devices cause an additional pressure loss in the cooling plates, the latter is largely compensated for by the fact that the amounts of water circulated in the blast furnace cooling circuit are greatly reduced according to the invention become. It should also be emphasized that the lower cooling water throughput results in a larger temperature difference between the return flow and the cooling water supply. In this way, a better efficiency of the recooling is achieved. In areas of the furnace that are less thermally stressed

Cooling plates are used without a vortex device, the cooling water throughput then being designed such that the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is at least 1.5 m / s. These cooling plates without a vortex device are then advantageously subjected to the cooling water which has already warmed up in the cooling plates with a vortex device. For this purpose, a cooling duct with a vortex device of a first cooling plate is connected in series with a cooling duct without a vortex device of a second cooling plate. The cross section of the cooling channel without a swirl device can be reduced in a ring shape by a central displacement body, so that, with the same cooling water throughput, the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m / s in the cooling channel with swirl device and at least 1 .5 m / s in the cooling channel with displacement body.

In a first embodiment, the swirling device comprises an inlet connection which tangentially entrains the cooling liquid inside the plate body

Cooling channel initiates. The helical flow of the coolant around the

The longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is thus generated directly at the beginning of the cooling channel.

However, the vortex device can also introduce the cooling liquid tangentially outside the plate body into a connecting piece which is led out of the plate body.

The cooling channel normally has a smooth surface to the cooling liquid. In order to support the helical flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel, however, the cooling channel, like a cannon barrel, can also have a surface with helical cables. For the same reason, at least one axial can also be placed in the cooling channel Integrate swirl bodies.

The cooling channel can also have a central displacement body, so that an annular channel for the cooling liquid is formed in the cooling channel. With the same heat exchange surface to the cooling water (i.e. the same diameter of the cooling channel) and the same flow rate, the central displacement body increases the axial flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling channel and thus also increases the security against vapor film formation. In other words, through the central displacement body, one can work with a lower cooling water flow without having to accept a greater risk that the cooling plate will overheat due to local vapor film formation.

In the blast furnace, copper cooling plates with swirl devices are advantageously used in the area of the coal sack and the lower shaft. The thermal load is indeed greatest in these areas. In the area of the upper shaft of the blast furnace, e.g. Cast iron cooling plates are used, which have poorer thermal properties, but are more resistant to wear than copper cooling plates. The cooling channels of the cooling plates made of cast iron advantageously have a central displacement body. The invention is illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a first cooling plate with a vortex device;

2 shows a section along the section line 2'-2 "of FIG. 1 through the vortex device of FIG. 1;

3 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of a cooling channel with a central displacement body;

4 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of a cooling duct with a central displacement body; 5 shows a longitudinal section through a second cooling plate with a vortex device; 6 shows a plan view of the vortex device of FIG. 5;

7 shows a longitudinal section through a cooling plate with displacement body;

8 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of a cooling duct with a central displacement body; 9 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of a cooling duct with a central displacement body; 10: a three-dimensional section of a third embodiment of a

Cooling plate with vortex devices; and FIG. H: a three-dimensional section of a further embodiment of a cooling plate with vortex devices.

Figures 1, 5, 7, 10 and 11 show cooling plates 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, also called staves, as they are used in blast furnaces. This

Cooling plates 10, 110, 210, 310, 410 are attached to the inside of the blast furnace and can be lined with a refractory material towards the inside of the furnace.

The cooling plate 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises an essentially rectangular plate body 12 made of low-alloy copper, the front side 14 of which is provided with ribs 16 in order to achieve a better connection with the refractory material. A smooth back 18 of the plate body 12 is facing the furnace shell. This rear side 18, or the entire plate body 12, can have a curvature which is adapted to the curvature of the furnace shell.

In Fig. 1, a cooling channel 20 is shown in longitudinal section. The plate body 12 is traversed by a plurality of such cooling channels, which run essentially parallel to one another. It should be noted that the cooling channel 20 is closed at both ends in the axial direction. Such a plate body 12 can, for example, advantageously be produced according to the method described in WO 98/30345 by continuously casting a preform of the plate body with through-channels. However, it can also be produced by the process described in US 4382585, the Cooling channels are drilled in a forged or rolled copper block.

The reference number 22 in FIGS. 1 and 2 designates globally a vortex device which is connected upstream of the cooling channel 20. This vortex device 22 comprises a funnel-shaped inlet connector 26 which is welded or soldered into a milled slot in the rear side 18 of the plate body 12. This funnel-shaped inlet connector 26 forms a tapering inlet channel 30 with a rectangular cross section, which opens tangentially into the cooling channel 20 in the plate body. It should be noted that the height "h" of the inlet channel 30 at the junction with the cooling channel 20 is less than half the diameter of the cooling channel 20. The width "b" of the inlet channel 30 is approximately twice the diameter of the cooling channel 20 (see FIG. 1 ). The angle "α" between the two planes 32, 34, which form the tapering inlet duct 30, is approximately 18 ° in the embodiment shown. Due to the tangential entry of the cooling liquid into the cooling duct 20, the cooling liquid experiences an initial acceleration, so that in the Cooling channel 20 results in a helical flow around the longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20.

The reference numeral 40 denotes an outlet connection in FIG. 1, which discharges the cooling liquid from the cooling channel 20. In the embodiment shown, this outlet connector 40 is designed similarly to the inlet connector 26 already described, that is to say that the cooling liquid is in turn also discharged tangentially from the cooling channel 20. However, it should be noted that the tangential exit of the cooling liquid from the cooling channel 20 makes a significantly smaller contribution to the development of a helical flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20 than the tangential entry into the cooling channel 20. In most cases, therefore, tangential exit of the cooling liquid from the cooling channel 20 can be dispensed with. A cylindrical outlet connection can then open centrally into the cooling channel 20 in a known manner.

As already explained in detail, it enables the rotation of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20 to reduce the flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling channel without reducing the security against vapor film formation. In other words, the cooling plate 10 can have a significantly lower cooling water flow than known cooling plates, without taking a greater risk that the cooling plate 10 overheats due to local vapor film formation.

Initial calculations have shown that with a rotation of the cooling water, the cooling water flow can be reduced to 20% and less of the usual cooling water flow (ie that the average axial speed in the cooling channel 20, for example 0.3 m / s instead of the usual 1, 5 - 2 m / s). These calculations have also shown that the reduction in pressure losses in the overall cooling circuit of the blast furnace caused by a significant reduction in the cooling water flow far exceeds the additional pressure losses in the cooling plates with vortex device caused by the rotation of the cooling water. There is thus a substantial saving in energy for the circulation of the cooling water. By reducing the cooling water flow, the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling water naturally increases, so that economical heat recovery is possible. As shown in FIG. 3, a central displacement body 42 can be arranged in the cooling channel 20, so that only an annular channel 44 for the cooling liquid remains in the cooling channel 20. With the same flow rate, the central displacement body 42 increases the axial flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling channel 20 and thus also increases the security against vapor film formation. In other words, you can work with a lower cooling water flow without having to accept a greater risk that the cooling plate will overheat due to local vapor film formation. 4 shows a cooling channel 20 'with an oval cross section and a central displacement body 42', which also has an oval cross section. Note that the oval cross-section causes larger flow losses, but has the clear advantage that the heat exchange surface to the coolant can be increased without the thickness of the plate body 12 having to be increased. Such displacement bodies 42, 42 ', which have essentially the same length as the cooling channel 20, 20', are, for example, inserted axially into the cooling channel 20, 20 'before the latter is closed axially. Spacers 46, 46 ', which are arranged at certain intervals along the displacement body 42, 42', in this case center the displacement body 42, 42 'on the longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20, 20'.

In order to ensure in a vortex device 22 upstream of the cooling duct 20 that there is sufficient rotation of the cooling water up to the outlet of the cooling duct 20, at least one axial swirl body (not shown) can be integrated into the cooling duct 20, which swirls the helical flow of the cooling liquid around the Longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20 supports. For the same purpose, the cooling channel 20 can also have a surface with screw-shaped trains (not shown) which also supports a screw-shaped flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis X of the cooling channel 20. Such helical cables can also be incorporated in the surface of the displacement bodies 42, 42 '.

The cooling plate 110 shown in FIG. 5 comprises an essentially rectangular plate body 112 made of GGG (ie cast iron with spheroidal graphite), which is crossed by a plurality of parallel cooling channels. Such a cooling channel 120 is formed by a U-shaped tube 121, which is cast into the plate body 112. The two ends of the tube 121 are led out of the plate body 112 as connecting pieces 123, 125 of the cooling channel 120. In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the reference numeral 122 designates globally a swirling device 122, which introduces the cooling liquid tangentially into the connecting piece 123 outside the plate body 112. Like the vortex device 22, the vortex device 122 also comprises a funnel-shaped inlet connector 126. The latter is welded to the side of the connector 123 so that it introduces the cooling liquid tangentially into the connector 123. As a result, a helical flow builds up in the connecting piece 123, which then propagates into the actual cooling channel 120. To avoid the rotation of the coolant in the elbow 127 is braked, the funnel-shaped inlet connector 126 can be welded directly to the lower end of the straight section of the tube 121. However, one has to accept that a weld seam is cast into the plate body 112. Fig. 7 also shows a cooling plate 210, which is also made of cast iron. This cooling plate 210 differs from the cooling plate 110 mainly in that the swirling device 122 is replaced by a central displacement body 242 (see also FIG. 8). This central displacement body 242 leaves only an annular channel 244 for the cooling liquid in the cooling channel 220. With the same heat exchange surface to the cooling water (ie the same diameter of the cooling channel 220) and the same flow rate, the central displacement body 242 increases the axial flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling channel 220 and thus also increases the security against vapor film formation. In other words, the central displacer 242 allows one to work with a lower cooling water flow without having to accept a greater risk that the cooling plate 210 will overheat due to local vapor film formation.

The displacer 242 is e.g. inserted into the tube 221 before the latter is bent. Spacers 246, which are arranged at certain intervals along the displacement body 242, center the displacement body 242 on the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel 220. In order to facilitate the bending of the tube 221, the ring channel 244 can be filled with sand, which is removed again after the bending ,

9 shows that a tube 221 'with a flattened cross section can also be cast into the plate body. As already mentioned above, a flattened cross-section has the advantage that the heat exchange surface for the cooling liquid can be increased without the thickness of the plate body having to be increased. FIG. 9 also shows that a displacement body 242 'with an oval cross section can be integrated into the tube 221' with an oval cross section.

10 shows a further embodiment of a copper cooling plate 310 in Cooling water inlet area. In this cooling plate 310, the vortex device is formed by a prefabricated, solid shaped piece 322. The latter is a solid casting that forms an arcuate transition channel 330 with molded, helical cables 331. The latter produce a helical flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel 320. A connection piece 333 can be soldered into the shaped piece 322, welded in or even cast in when the shaped piece 322 is cast. A solid base attachment 335 on the shaped piece 322 facilitates a secure attachment of the connecting piece 333 and also serves as a spacer for the cooling plate 310 when mounting on the furnace wall. The recess for the shaped piece 322 is advantageously milled into the copper cooling plate body 312 from the rear, the recess opening into an end face 337 of the cooling plate body 312 and the depth of the recess being smaller than the thickness of the cooling plate body 312. The interface between the cooling plate body 312 and the shaped piece 322 is welded or soldered all around on the surface. Due to the relatively simple shape of this interface, this welding or soldering work can be carried out quickly and safely. It should be noted that in the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the connecting piece 333 and the cooling channel 320 in the cooling plate body 312 each have the same cross section.

In the cooling plate 410 shown in FIG. 11, the cooling channel 420 in the copper cooling plate body 412 has an oval cross section, whereas the

Connection piece 433 has a circular cross section. A progressive one

The transition from the circular to the oval cross section is ensured here by the transition channel 430 of the shaped piece 422.

It should be noted that the explanations of Figures 10 and 11, in

Compared to the embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 4, they have the advantage that the cooling water is introduced into the cooling channel through the flow-optimized, arc-shaped transition channel 330 with molded, screw-shaped cables 331, with a substantially smaller pressure loss.

In the blast furnace, copper cooling plates 10, 310, 410 with vortex direction used particularly advantageously in the thermally highly stressed area of the coal sack and the lower shaft. Cast-iron cooling plates 110, 210 with a swirl device and / or displacement body are used particularly advantageously in the area of the upper shaft. The flow of the cooling water in the cooling channels of the cooling plates is advantageously determined in such a way that: in the cooling channels with a swirl device, the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is advantageously less than 1.0 m / s, or even less than 0, 5 m / s; and

> in the cooling channels without swirl device, the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is advantageously greater than 1.5 m / s or even greater than 2.0 m / s; this speed can be achieved by an inserted displacement body.

Finally, it should be noted that the cooling plates presented can of course not only be used in blast furnaces and other shaft furnaces, but also in crucible furnaces.

Claims

claims 1. A method for cooling a blast furnace with cooling plates, which comprise a solid plate body (12, 112, 312, 412) are integrated in the straight cooling channels (20, 120, 320, 420), through which cooling water flows, characterized in that especially in areas of the blast furnace that are subject to high thermal loads Cooling water throughput is reduced in such a way that the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m / s, with these cooling channels (20, 120, 320, 420) having a reduced flow rate having a vortex device (22, 122, 322 , 422) is connected upstream in such a way that it generates a helical flow of the cooling liquid around the longitudinal axis (X) of the cooling channel (20, 120, 320, 420). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 0.5 m / s. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that cooling plates without vortex device (22, 122, 322, 422) are used in regions of the blast furnace which are less thermally loaded, the cooling water throughput being designed such that the average flow rate of the Cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is at least 1.5 m / s. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a cooling channel with a vortex device of a first cooling plate is connected in series with a cooling channel without a vortex device of a second cooling plate, the cross section of the cooling channel without a vortex device through a central Displacement body (42, 42 ') is reduced in a ring, such that, with the same cooling water throughput, the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m / s in the cooling channel with swirl device and at least 1.5 m / s in the cooling channel with displacement body. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirling device (22) comprises an inlet connection (26) which introduces the cooling liquid within the plate body (12) tangentially into the cooling channel (22). 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the swirling device (22) comprises an outlet nozzle (40) which discharges the cooling liquid tangentially from the cooling channel (20). 7. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the solid plate body (12) is made of copper or a copper alloy, and the inlet or outlet port (22, 40) is welded or soldered into the plate body (12). 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling plate comprises a first connecting piece (123) which extends the cooling channel (120) to the outside, the swirling device (122) tangentially the cooling liquid outside the plate body (112) into the connecting piece (123) introduces. 9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate body (112) is made of cast iron, the cooling channel (120) being formed by a cast-in U-shaped tube (121) and the two ends of the tube (121) in each case as connecting piece (123, 125) of the The cooling channel (120) protrude from the plate body, and the swirling device (122) introduces the cooling liquid outside the plate body (112) tangentially into one of the two connecting pieces (123). 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling channel (20, 120) has a smooth surface to the cooling liquid. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling channel has a surface with helical cables. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cooling channel (20, 20 ') has a central displacement body (42, 42') has, so that an annular channel for the cooling liquid is formed in the cooling channel (20, 20 '). 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the cooling channel at least one axial swirl body is integrated, which the helical flow of the cooling liquid about the longitudinal axis of the Cooling channel supported. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vortex device is formed by a prefabricated solid molding (322, 422) which is soldered or welded into an externally accessible recess in the cooling plate body (312, 412) and an arcuate Has transition channel (330, 430) with molded, helical cables (331, 431). 15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the shaped piece (322, 422) is a casting. 16. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the cooling plate (310, 410) has at least one connecting piece (333) which is welded, soldered or cast into the shaped piece (322, 422). 17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that: the cooling plate (310, 410) has a copper cooling plate body (312, 412); and the recess for the shaped piece (322, 422) is milled into the copper cooling plate body from the rear, the depth of the recess being smaller than the thickness of the cooling plate body (312, 412). 18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that: the recess for the shaped piece (322) opens into an end face (337) of the cooling plate body (312) and the depth of the recess is smaller than the thickness of the cooling plate body (312) is; and the interface between the cooling plate body (312) and the shaped piece (322) is welded or soldered all around on the surface. 19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that: the cooling plate (410) has a connecting piece (433) which opens into the transition channel (430) of the shaped piece (422); and the cooling channel (420) in the cooling plate body (412) has a first cross section and the connecting piece (433) has a second, different cross section, the transition from the first to the second cross section taking place progressively in the transition channel (430). 20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the first cross section is oval and the second cross section is circular. 21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the blast furnace comprises a coal sack, a lower shaft and an upper shaft which are cooled by means of cooling plates, characterized in that essentially the cooling plates of the coal sack and the lower shaft swirl devices (22, 122 , 322, 422). 22. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the plate body (12, 112) of the cooling plates of the coal sack and the lower shaft is made of copper or a copper alloy. 23. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the upper shaft is cooled by cooling plates made of cast iron (210). 24. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the cooling plates made of cast iron (210) have a central displacement body (242, 242 ')) in their cooling channels. 25. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the cooling plates made of cast iron have cooling channels with an oval cross section. 26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the flow rate of the cooling water in the cooling channels of the cooling plates is fixed in such a way that: in the cooling channels with a swirl device, the mean flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is less than 1.0 m / s; and in the cooling channels made of cast iron without a vortex device, the average flow rate of the cooling water in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cooling channel is greater than 1.5 m / s.