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WO2002026005A1 - Chalumeau a plasma, notamment chalumeau a pole positif a plasma - Google Patents

Chalumeau a plasma, notamment chalumeau a pole positif a plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002026005A1
WO2002026005A1 PCT/EP2001/011091 EP0111091W WO0226005A1 WO 2002026005 A1 WO2002026005 A1 WO 2002026005A1 EP 0111091 W EP0111091 W EP 0111091W WO 0226005 A1 WO0226005 A1 WO 0226005A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
plasma
plasma torch
cooling medium
torch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/011091
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lars Kabatnik
Stefan Giessler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT01974296T priority Critical patent/ATE285662T1/de
Priority to DE50104901T priority patent/DE50104901D1/de
Priority to EP01974296A priority patent/EP1323339B1/fr
Publication of WO2002026005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002026005A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3457—Nozzle protection devices

Definitions

  • Plasma torch in particular plasma plus pole torch
  • the invention relates to a plasma torch, in particular a plasma pole-pole torch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Plus-polarized plasma torches are used to destroy the oxide layer formed on the surface when welding aluminum.
  • the very good cleaning effect of the positive pole technology avoids the inclusion of larger oxide residues in the weld pool, which can lead to defects in the weld seam.
  • This aluminum oxide layer forms within a short time when aluminum is stored due to the ambient air. Since the oxide layer is not conductive and has a high melting point, the arc becomes restless when the polarity-reversed plasma welding is carried out. This in turn forms non-conductive islands, which overall disrupts the uniformity of the welding process.
  • a plasma torch for plasma cutting and welding is already known with an electrode inserted in an electrode holder made of copper and a nozzle concentrically surrounding the electrode. Electrode and nozzle are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the tip of the electrode is designed as a truncated cone. a corresponding conical alignment of the inner lateral surface, which results in an annular gap for the plasma gas which decreases towards the tip of the plasma torch.
  • a cooling circuit is provided for cooling the burner, in which the Coolant first flows through the electrode and then through the nozzle. The cooling medium is fed centrally to the electrode in order to flow to the plasma nozzle via a one-sided channel.
  • a plasma torch is also known from EP 0 111 116 A2, the electrode of which in the front region has the shape of a truncated cone with a radius that decreases toward the end on the arc side.
  • the nozzle surrounding the electrode is designed such that an annular channel for the plasma gas is formed between the two components, the boundary surfaces of which converge towards one another in the region of the electrode tip in the direction of the arc.
  • the cooling of the electrode is indirect, with the result that the electrode can only be subjected to low thermal loads. With this burner, too, the electrode has a very long construction, so that tilting can again occur with the negative consequences described above.
  • a plasma torch is known with a truncated cone-shaped electrode and a funnel-shaped nozzle, the electrode and nozzle in turn forming an annular gap with a diameter towards the tip reduced.
  • the electrode is designed as a water-cooled hollow cone with an inlet and outlet for the cooling medium.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a plasma torch of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the joining of light metals is possible even in the case of permanently positive polarity of the electrode in high power ranges.
  • a central supply of the cooling medium is provided for the electrode with respect to the longitudinal axis of the electrode and that the cooling medium is returned via at least two return channels arranged radially on the outside with respect to the longitudinal axis of the electrode.
  • the cooling medium reaches the inner walls of the conical cavity of the electrode and flows laminarly back into the at least two return lines without the formation of dead water.
  • the at least two, preferably a plurality of return channels should be arranged symmetrically over an annular circumference of the electrode holder, especially the cathode stick, which receives the electrode.
  • the outlet opening for the central supply of the cooling medium comes to lie close to the rear of the contact tip of the electrode.
  • the electrode is essentially limited to the frustoconical section and preferably has a longitudinal extension of approximately 30 mm.
  • the entire electrode is therefore relatively short, so that tilting when installing the electrode is largely excluded. Such tilting can namely lead to a deflection of the electrode from the central position, which in turn has a disruptive influence on the overall thermal load on the system and affects the stability of the arc.
  • the frustoconical electrode is detachably held on the electrode holder or cathode stick, for example by screwing, in a manner known per se, so that the worn electrodes can be replaced easily.
  • the electrode holder or the cathode stick has an outer contour adapted to the hollow-cone-shaped inner contour of the electrode, forming an annular channel for the backflow of the cooling medium.
  • This special design of the flow space for the cooling medium on the back of the electrode means that the cooling medium is forced, resulting in a laminar and uniform (back) flow of the cooling medium with maximum cooling effect.
  • the plasma gas is supplied centrally with outlet openings distributed symmetrically over the annular plasma channel. This results in an equalization of the plasma flow.
  • the plasma gas is usually supplied to the interior of the plasma nozzle on one side through a bore, in order then to achieve a concentric distribution of the plasma gas via a sintered ring as a gas distributor ring.
  • Another advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the plasma gas flow reacts very sensitively to changes in the gas volume flow, in that a changed setting of the gas flow also occurs directly at the tip of the torch and influences the formation of the weld seam that is formed.
  • the electrode tip can have an insert made of tungsten or similar high-melting alloys.
  • the invention adopts the fact that tungsten has a considerably higher melting point than copper alloys, but is also a poorer heat conductor than the copper alloy of the electrode. Due to the increasing thermal conductivity of the arrangement from the electrode tip to the main electrode body, a rapid dissipation of the thermal load is achieved. On the other hand, since tungsten has a higher melting point than the copper alloy of the electrode, the service life of the electrode is increased at the same time.
  • the electrode insert extends into the cooling medium space of the electrode.
  • the insert can be formed by pressing or pouring it into the electrode base body. By pressing or pouring the tungsten insert into the electrode, the tungsten insert is in direct contact with the cooling medium and concentric Dissipation of the heat at the tip of the tungsten via the electrode jacket to the cooling medium.
  • the electrode tip is in the form of an i protruding outwards from the frustoconical section. w. cylindrical extension, whereby the distance between the electrode tip and the workpiece is reduced to a minimum. Due to the compact design of the torch, the distance between the electrode tip and the workpiece can be kept so small that there is a direct flashover of the high-frequency ignition from the electrode to the workpiece, resulting in the formation of the plasma. As a result, a pilot arc for igniting the main arc can be dispensed with. This in turn helps to reduce the thermal load on the torch, since the pilot arc represents an additional thermal load.
  • the plasma gas enters the interior of the plasma gas nozzle via symmetrically distributed outlet openings, so that the gas flows are already preformed and do not have to be generated in the plasma nozzle channel as in the prior art.
  • This effect is also favored by the fact that the nozzle channel can be kept so short due to the good cooling of the plasma nozzle, and the distance between the electrode tip and the workpiece is so small that it can be ignited directly at high frequency.
  • the electrical insulation of the electrode from the plasma nozzle is carried out by at least one thermally sprayed-on layer.
  • a layer of aluminum oxide can be thermally sprayed onto the electrode consisting of copper or a copper alloy. This allows separate electrically insulating components omitted, so that a burner with a compact design is available. It may be advisable to apply an adhesive layer made of nickel chrome between the electrode and the oxide layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a plasma plus pole burner according to the invention in a longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional illustration of the burner according to FIG. 1 along the section line C-C
  • FIG. 3a shows a longitudinal sectional view of the electrode according to FIG. 1,
  • Figure 3b is a longitudinal sectional view of another
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the cathode stick according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the cathode stick according to FIGS. 1 and 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows the cathode stick along the section lines AA
  • FIG. 7 the cathode stick along the section line BB
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the cathode stick according to Figure 7 along the section line D-D and
  • Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a cathode stick in a longitudinal sectional view.
  • the plasma torch shown in the figures has an electrode 1, which is releasably held on an electrode holder or cathode stick 6 with the interposition of a sealing ring 23.
  • the cathode stick 6 is in turn mounted on an unspecified torch base.
  • the electrode 1 has a frustoconical outer contour with a decreasing radius towards the end on the arc side.
  • the electrode 1 is surrounded concentrically by a plasma gas nozzle 2, the outer wall of the electrode 1 forming a tapering annular gap 3 for the plasma gas with the inner wall 25 of the plasma nozzle 2.
  • the plasma gas nozzle 2 which is also held on the cathode stick with the interposition of a sealing ring 26, is in turn concentrically surrounded by a protective gas nozzle 15, which can be plugged onto a suitably designed clamping seat of the burner tube 16.
  • An annular channel 17 for the protective gas is formed between the plasma gas nozzle 2 and the protective gas nozzle 15, a distributor ring 18 being inserted into the annular channel 17 for the equalization of the protective gas flow.
  • An insulating sleeve 27 is located between the protective gas nozzle 15 and the plasma nozzle 2 for electrical insulation.
  • the conical electrode 1 made of copper or a copper alloy is directly cooled from the inside.
  • a supply 4 for the cooling medium which is central with respect to the longitudinal axis of the electrode 1, is provided, the outlet opening 7 of the supply duct 4 extends directly to the rear 9 of the contact tip 8 of the electrode 1.
  • the supply channel 4 arranged in the cathode stick 6 has a connection 19 for the cooling medium, in particular a cooling liquid. For the return of the cooling medium are at the one selected here
  • Embodiment two opposite return channels 5 provided in the cathode stick 6. Due to the central supply of the cooling medium within the hollow electrode 1 and the cooling medium discharge via two channels 5 arranged opposite one another, a high flow rate of the cooling medium is achieved and the formation of dead water is avoided.
  • the flow rate of the cooling medium can be further improved in that the cathode stick 6 has an outer contour 10 adapted to the hollow-cone-shaped inner contour 11 of the electrode 1, with the formation of an annular channel for the return flows of the cooling medium, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the plasma gas is likewise fed centrally via a feed channel 14 extending to the longitudinal axis of the burner, from which branching channels 20 extending in the radial direction branch off with outlet openings 12 opening into the annular channel 3 between the electrode 1 and the plasma gas nozzle 2.
  • These outlet openings 12 are symmetrical, in particular arranged in a star shape over the circumference of the ring channel 3, resulting in a concentric distribution of the plasma gas. It also ensures that the plasma gas flow reacts very sensitively to different settings of the gas volume flow.
  • Direct cooling to the bore area or the tip of the plasma gas nozzle 2 is also provided for the plasma gas nozzle 2, so that the plasma gas nozzle 2 has a high thermal load capacity.
  • a feed channel 21 and a return channel 22 is arranged in the burner base for the removal of the coolant.
  • the electrode 1 can have an insert 13 made of tungsten on its contact tip 8, as shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the composite of electrode 1 and insert 13 produced by pressing or pouring tungsten extends into the rear cooling medium space of electrode 1. Since tungsten is a poorer heat conductor than the copper alloy of electrode 1, the increasing thermal conductivity of the arrangement results from the electrode tip 9 a rapid dissipation of the thermal load towards the electrode body. Because of the higher melting point of tungsten compared to the copper alloy of electrode 1, the service life of electrode 1 is increased.
  • the electrode 1 is limited to the frustoconical section, so that tilting of the electrode 1 during assembly on the cathode stick 6 is largely excluded. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un chalumeau à plasma, notamment un chalumeau à pôle positif à plasma, comprenant une électrode (1) de préférence en forme de cône tronqué, refroidie grâce à un agent de refroidissement, et une buse (2) concentrique avec l'électrode (1), isolée électriquement de l'électrode (1) et également refroidie par l'intermédiaire d'un agent de refroidissement. Selon l'invention, entre l'électrode (1) et la buse (2) est formé un canal (3) destiné à l'apport du gaz de plasma. Afin de permettre l'apport de métaux légers même pour une polarité positive permanente de l'électrode, dans des zones à puissance élevée, un système d'alimentation (4) en agent de refroidissement, centré par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'électrode (1), permet le refroidissement de ladite électrode (1), le retour de l'agent de refroidissement s'effectuant via au moins deux canaux de retour (5) disposés radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'électrode.
PCT/EP2001/011091 2000-09-25 2001-09-25 Chalumeau a plasma, notamment chalumeau a pole positif a plasma Ceased WO2002026005A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT01974296T ATE285662T1 (de) 2000-09-25 2001-09-25 Plasmabrenner, insbesondere plasmapluspolbrenner
DE50104901T DE50104901D1 (de) 2000-09-25 2001-09-25 Plasmabrenner, insbesondere plasmapluspolbrenner
EP01974296A EP1323339B1 (fr) 2000-09-25 2001-09-25 Chalumeau a plasma, notamment chalumeau a pole positif a plasma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10047696.1 2000-09-25
DE10047696A DE10047696A1 (de) 2000-09-25 2000-09-25 Plasma-Pluspolbrenner für hohe Leistungsbereiche

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002026005A1 true WO2002026005A1 (fr) 2002-03-28

Family

ID=7657707

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2001/011091 Ceased WO2002026005A1 (fr) 2000-09-25 2001-09-25 Chalumeau a plasma, notamment chalumeau a pole positif a plasma

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1323339B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE285662T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10047696A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002026005A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6870124B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2005-03-22 Dana Corporation Plasma-assisted joining
US7189940B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2007-03-13 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted melting
US7432470B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-10-07 Btu International, Inc. Surface cleaning and sterilization
US7445817B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-11-04 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures
US7465362B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-12-16 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatment
US7494904B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-02-24 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted doping
US7497922B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted gas production
US7498066B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted enhanced coating
US7560657B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-07-14 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line
US7638727B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-12-29 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted heat treatment
EP3456794A1 (fr) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Refroidissement à l'aide des nanofluides pour torche à plasma

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4473032B2 (ja) 2004-04-12 2010-06-02 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 使い捨て着用物品

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor
US4369919A (en) * 1980-10-31 1983-01-25 Npk Za Kontrolno Zavarachni Raboti Plasma torch for processing metals in the air and under water
US5416296A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-16 American Torch Tip Company Electrode for plasma arc torch

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3241476A1 (de) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur einleitung von ionisierbarem gas in ein plasma eines lichtbogenbrenners und plasmabrenner zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JP2591371Y2 (ja) * 1993-02-24 1999-03-03 株式会社小松製作所 プラズマアークトーチ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor
US4369919A (en) * 1980-10-31 1983-01-25 Npk Za Kontrolno Zavarachni Raboti Plasma torch for processing metals in the air and under water
US5416296A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-16 American Torch Tip Company Electrode for plasma arc torch

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7465362B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-12-16 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted nitrogen surface-treatment
US7494904B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-02-24 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted doping
US7638727B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-12-29 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted heat treatment
US7214280B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2007-05-08 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted decrystallization
US7227097B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2007-06-05 Btu International, Inc. Plasma generation and processing with multiple radiation sources
US7309843B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2007-12-18 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted joining
US7432470B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-10-07 Btu International, Inc. Surface cleaning and sterilization
US7445817B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-11-04 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures
US7132621B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2006-11-07 Dana Corporation Plasma catalyst
US7497922B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted gas production
US6870124B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2005-03-22 Dana Corporation Plasma-assisted joining
US7498066B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted enhanced coating
US7560657B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-07-14 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted processing in a manufacturing line
US7592564B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-09-22 Btu International Inc. Plasma generation and processing with multiple radiation sources
US7608798B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-10-27 Btu International Inc. Plasma catalyst
US7189940B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2007-03-13 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted melting
EP3456794A1 (fr) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Refroidissement à l'aide des nanofluides pour torche à plasma

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10047696A1 (de) 2002-04-18
ATE285662T1 (de) 2005-01-15
EP1323339B1 (fr) 2004-12-22
EP1323339A1 (fr) 2003-07-02
DE50104901D1 (de) 2005-01-27

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