WO2002013693A1 - Magnetic resonance imaging device and method - Google Patents
Magnetic resonance imaging device and method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002013693A1 WO2002013693A1 PCT/JP2001/007024 JP0107024W WO0213693A1 WO 2002013693 A1 WO2002013693 A1 WO 2002013693A1 JP 0107024 W JP0107024 W JP 0107024W WO 0213693 A1 WO0213693 A1 WO 0213693A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/60—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using electron paramagnetic resonance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
- A61B5/4872—Body fat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4828—Resolving the MR signals of different chemical species, e.g. water-fat imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/565—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
- G01R33/56563—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by a distortion of the main magnetic field B0, e.g. temporal variation of the magnitude or spatial inhomogeneity of B0
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as an MRI apparatus) and a method, and more particularly to an MRI apparatus and method for automating separation and imaging of water and fat.
- the target of MRI imaging is proton, the main constituent of the subject, which is widely used in clinical practice.
- the spatial distribution of proton density and the spatial distribution of the relaxation of excited states can be imaged in two or three dimensions.
- Protons are present in water and fat in human body tissues, and their chemical shifts differ depending on their binding forms. Attempts have been made to separate and draw the proton image in water and the proton image in fat using this difference in chemical shift.
- a method of obtaining an image in which fat is suppressed there is a method of obtaining a plurality of images having different echo times (TE) and obtaining a water / fat separated image by calculation.
- TE echo times
- a typical method there is a method described in "Simple Proton Spectroscopic Imaging”; W. Thomas Dixon et al .; RADIOLOGY, Vol. 153, 189-194 (1984) (hereinafter referred to as Dixon method). .
- the common method uses the time between excitation of a nuclear spin and the generation of a signal (e.g.
- the common method is to acquire multiple image data from multiple echo signals with different time (TE), separate the water signal and fat signal by calculating the acquired image data, and image them.
- TE time
- the method of obtaining a water / fat separated image by performing an operation between a plurality of images generated from a plurality of signals having different TEs as described above has the following problems.
- One is the problem of unintended phase shifts in the signal due to non-uniformity of the static magnetic field and local disturbance of the magnetic field.
- the other problem is that the image obtained by the calculation is either a water image or a fat image. The problem is that it is not possible to determine whether
- the first problem is caused by the distortion of the magnet generating the static magnetic field, the limitation of the performance of the magnet itself, and also by the fact that the magnetic susceptibility of each part of the object differs when the object is introduced.
- Non-uniformity of the static magnetic field in the field of view (F0V) of the MRI image changes the frequency of the MR signal, causing image quality deterioration such as displacement or flow in the obtained image.
- image quality deterioration such as displacement or flow in the obtained image.
- the phase of the image changes due to the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field, correct results cannot be obtained when performing a complex operation between images.
- the two-point Dickson method and the three-point Dickson method which add the function to correct the effect of the static magnetic field inhomogeneity to the Dickson method, as a method to solve the phase shift problem caused by the inhomogeneous static magnetic field in the water / fat separation described above (E.g., "Two-Point Dixon Technique for Water-Fat Signal Decompostion on with BO In homogeneity correction”; Bernard D. Cooms et al .; Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Vol. 38, 884-889 ( 1997) ").
- a signal is acquired at a timing when the phase of the water proton and the phase of the fat proton are opposite to each other due to a difference in chemical shift between the phases.
- 102 and 103 are gradient magnetic field pulses for generating echo signals Sl and S2, respectively, and the signal S1 includes a signal component 105 from water protons and a signal component 104 from fat protons, The signal S2 includes a signal component 107 from a water proton and a signal component 106 from a fat proton.
- the second echo signal (second echo) is acquired at the timing after the first echo has elapsed. is there.
- the image obtained from the first echo signal by the following equation (the first echo image)
- the image obtained from the second echo second echo image
- a water image and a fat image are obtained.
- Sl (x, y) is the first echo
- S2 (x, y) is the second echo
- W (x, y) and F (x, y) are the signals of the water signal in each signal. Represents the magnitude of the signal due to magnitude and fat.
- the first echo signal and the second echo signal are as follows. '
- a (x, y) is a time-independent phase rotation component due to non-uniformity of the RF vector direction, etc.
- the static magnetic field non-uniformity Phase rotation component that occurs at time TE here 2 n.
- (x, y) is a component of phase rotation due to inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field.
- the two-point Dixon method with static magnetic field correction uses the fact that the phase difference between the water signal and the fat signal is 7 ° in the S2 image to determine the phase shift. That is, ⁇ Is 2? R when doubled, which is equivalent to not rotating at all, considering the principal value rotation. Therefore, the static magnetic field inhomogeneity map can be obtained by subtracting the phase of Sl (x, y) from S2 (x, y) and doubling the remaining phase.
- the three-point Dixon method acquires three signals Sl, S2, and S3 with different echo times as shown in Fig. 2, and the first echo S1 and the third echo S1, in which the water signal and the fat signal are in phase.
- the phase rotation amount 2 ⁇ (x, y) is determined from the ratio with the co S3.
- 202, 203, and 204 are gradient magnetic field pulses for generating echo signals Sl, S2, and S3, 206, 209, and 212 are water signals, and 205, 208, and 211 are fat signals.
- the starting point of the unwrapping is set so that the phase offset of 2 ⁇ 7 ⁇ associated with the unwrapping process is eliminated.
- the starting point can be visually specified and specified. Water-to determine if the image Automation of fat separation images has not been realized so far.
- the present invention provides an MRI apparatus having a function of acquiring a water image and a fat image by performing an arithmetic operation between images obtained from a plurality of echo signals having different echo times, and is capable of performing static magnetic field correction including appropriate unwrapping processing.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an MRI apparatus capable of automatically discriminating between a water image and a fat image. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an MRI apparatus capable of automating water / fat separation image acquisition.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an MRI method capable of automatically optimizing an unwrapping process in an MRI apparatus imaging method including a static magnetic field correction process. Disclosure of the invention
- an MRI apparatus includes a magnetic field generating means for generating a high-frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field in a space in which a static magnetic field is formed, and a magnetic field generator disposed in the space.
- the signal processing unit includes a high-frequency magnetic field Using at least two or more types of nuclear magnetic resonance signals with different times (TE) from irradiation to the generation of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal, calculating the phase shift distribution between the signals, and correcting the rotation around the main value generated in the calculation Unwrap processing is performed, and at this time, the propriety of the unwrap processing is determined using an index indicating the status of the unwrap processing.
- TE nuclear magnetic resonance signals with different times
- a plurality of noise removal masks are adopted and applied stepwise.
- an index indicating whether or not a contradiction has occurred in the unwrapping process is created, and based on this index, the appropriateness of the unwrapping process is determined. If it is determined that the unwrapping process is inappropriate, add the type of noise removal mask or change the mask parameters (such as the threshold used when creating the mask) and perform the unwrapping process.
- the result of the unwrapping processing is regarded as a phase shift distribution.
- the phase shift distribution obtained here is typically due to inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field, but may include local phase disturbance or the like.
- a mask created from the absolute value image of the first echo signal, a mask created from the absolute value image of the second echo signal, or both of them are used. There is one of them or a combination of them.
- a closed curve is plotted on a map representing the distribution of the phase rotation amount due to the non-uniformity of the static magnetic field, and the value obtained by taking the phase difference of one round on the closed curve is 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ If is a positive integer), a mask obtained by scanning the entire image (hereinafter referred to as a loop mask) can be used by masking the points on the closed curve.
- the loop mask can be used in combination with a mask created from the absolute value image of the first echo and / or the absolute value image of the second echo.
- the above-described first aspect of the present invention provides a method for performing chemical shift by calculating at least two or more types of nuclear magnetic resonance signals having different times ( ⁇ ) from irradiation of a high-frequency magnetic field to generation of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. It can be applied to an MRI system equipped with a function to reconstruct images of two different types of nuclear spins.
- the signal processing means uses at least two or more types of nuclear magnetic resonance signals having different times ( ⁇ ) from irradiation of a high-frequency magnetic field to generation of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and a phase shift between the signals. Performs the calculation for obtaining the distribution and the unwrapping process for correcting the rotation around the main value that occurs in the calculation, and at this time, performs the process of judging the suitability of the unwrapping process using the index indicating the status of the unwrapping process, and appropriately unwraps After the nuclear magnetic resonance signal is corrected based on the processed phase shift distribution, images of two kinds of nuclear spins having different chemical shifts are reconstructed by calculation between the signals.
- the MRI apparatus provides a magnetic field generating means for generating a high-frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field in a space where a static magnetic field is formed, and a nuclear magnetic field generated from a subject placed in the space.
- a magnetic field generating means for generating a high-frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field in a space where a static magnetic field is formed, and a nuclear magnetic field generated from a subject placed in the space.
- an MRI apparatus comprising: a signal processing unit that detects a resonance signal and reconstructs an image; and a display unit that displays a reconstructed image
- the signal processing unit is configured to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal from irradiation of a high-frequency magnetic field.
- two indices ie, (1) two or more sources
- the type of the display image can be reliably determined.
- These two indices are, specifically, (1) two high-signal regions extracted from the added image obtained by adding the original image and the subtracted image obtained by subtracting the original image. (2) Comparing the pixel values in the high signal area extracted from the added image and the subtracted image, respectively.
- Two display image is typically water and fat images, water and silicon, water and NAA and the like, c further is applicable as long as it can utilize the chemical shift difference present
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention detects a magnetic field generating means for generating a high-frequency magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field in a space where a static magnetic field is formed, detects a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated from a subject placed in the space, and reproduces an image.
- the signal processing unit may include a time period from irradiation of a high-frequency magnetic field to generation of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal.
- an operation to find the phase shift distribution between the signals and an unwrapping process to correct the rotation around the main value in the operation are performed.
- This MRI system calculates the images (original images) obtained from signals with different echo times.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention can be suitably applied to the two-point Dickson method with static magnetic field correction, whereby a water / fat separation image can be obtained fully automatically.
- the two-point Dickson method has a shorter measurement time than the three-point Dickson method, and can shorten the sequence repetition time (TR). Also, if the TR is the same, the number of images that can be acquired by multi-slice can be increased. Furthermore, since the phase is directly corrected between the two data, the effects of eddy currents and the like can be eliminated 100%. Therefore, it is suitable for an open MR apparatus in which the static magnetic field is not uniform and the magnetic field is disturbed due to the gradient magnetic field coil.
- Figure 1 is a data acquisition timing chart for the two-point Dickson method.
- Figure 2 shows the data acquisition timing chart for the three-point Dickson method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 4 is a data acquisition time chart in the two-point Dickson method employed in the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows an example of a phase 23 ⁇ 4 map creation flow according to FIG c 6 are invention showing an example of a process flow of the static magnetic field correction with Dixon method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating a loop mask according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (d) are diagrams showing an image of the unwrapping process according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A to 9F are diagrams for explaining a method of creating an unwrap processing status map according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an unwrap automatic processing flow according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 l (a :) to (c) are diagrams showing an image of the phase matching state after the unwrap processing according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the unwrap automatic processing flow according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b) are diagrams showing an image of the spread measurement of the unwrapping process in the process flow of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is an image for explaining the steps of the unwrap suitability determination process according to the present invention. Figure to do.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of the unwrapping automatic processing flow according to the present invention.
- C FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a flow in which a matrix reduction step is incorporated in the processing flow of the Dickson method with static magnetic field correction of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a view for explaining a method of reducing the matrix in FIG.
- Fig. 18 (a) and (b) are data acquisition time charts for the three-point Dickson method employed in the present invention.
- FIGS. 19 (a) to (e) are diagrams for explaining an example of an automatic water / fat image discrimination algorithm according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 20 (a) to (f) are diagrams illustrating another example of the water / fat image automatic discrimination algorithm according to the present invention by imaging.
- FIG. 8, FIG. 11, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 19, and FIG. 20 are photographs of the images imaged in the processing of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- the MRI apparatus includes a magnet 302 for generating a static magnetic field in a space around the subject 301, a gradient magnetic field coil 303 for applying a magnetic field gradient in three directions of X, Y, and ⁇ to the space, and a tissue of the subject 301.
- a gradient magnetic field power supply 309 which is a power supply of the gradient magnetic field coil 303, a transmission unit 310 for driving the RF coil 304, a signal detection unit 306 for detecting a title R signal from the RF probe 305, and a signal processing for processing the signal A section 307, a gradient magnetic field power supply 309, a signal detection section 306, a control section 311 for controlling the signal processing section 307, and a display section 308 for displaying a processing result of the signal processing section 307.
- Bed 312 is for subject 301 to lie down.
- the RF coil 304 forms the subject tissue in accordance with a signal from the RF transmitting unit 310. Generates a high-frequency magnetic field at a frequency that causes nuclear magnetic resonance at the nuclear spin (hereinafter simply referred to as spin) of an atom.
- the target spin is proton, which is a main constituent substance of the subject 301.
- the gradient magnetic field coil 303 is composed of gradient magnetic field coils in three directions of X, Y, and ⁇ , and generates a gradient magnetic field according to a signal from the gradient magnetic field power supply 309.
- the region where nuclear magnetic resonance of the subject 301 is caused by the gradient magnetic field can be selected, and positional information can be added to the NMR signal.
- the signal of the RF probe 305 is detected by the signal detection unit 306, subjected to signal processing by the signal processing unit 307, and converted into an image signal by calculation.
- the image is displayed on the display unit 308.
- the above-described control time chart for controlling the generation of the high-frequency magnetic field and the gradient magnetic field and the measurement of the R signal is called a pulse sequence, and is stored in the control unit 311 as a preset program.
- a pulse sequence called a two-point Dickson method which measures at least two NMR signals at different echo times within one sequence repetition, is executed.
- An image drawn mainly with protons (hereinafter referred to as a water image) and an image drawn mainly with fat protons (hereinafter referred to as a fat image) are obtained.
- an operation is added to correct the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field using two NMR signals with different echo times.
- FIG. 4 shows a pulse sequence according to the two-point Dickson method employed in this embodiment.
- this pulse sequence first, an RF pulse 401 is irradiated to excite the spin of the subject.
- a slice selection gradient magnetic field Gs is applied simultaneously with the RF pulse 401 in order to select a specific slice of the subject.
- a phase-encoding gradient magnetic field Gp for phase-encoding the NMR signal is applied, and an RF pulse 402 for inverting the spin is irradiated with the slice selection gradient magnetic field Gs.
- a read gradient magnetic field Gr403 is applied, and an echo signal (first echo) 404 is measured at a time TE after the irradiation of the first RF pulse 401, and a read gradient magnetic field Gr405 whose polarity is inverted is further applied.
- the echo signal (second echo) 406 is measured after a time from the measurement of one echo 404.
- This sequence is repeated a predetermined number of times while changing the intensity of the phase encoding gradient magnetic field Gp.
- the number of echo signals required for repeated image reconstruction such as 128 times and 256 times, is obtained. That is, here, another image (first echo image) is formed by the first echo for the number of repetitions, and another image (second echo image) is formed by the second echo for the number of repetitions. These are used as original images for calculation of a water image and a fat image described later.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a spin echo type pulse sequence using an inverted RF pulse after irradiation with the RF pulse 401
- a gradient echo type pulse sequence as shown in FIG. 1 may be used.
- two signals with different echo times may be measured within one repetition time as shown in Fig. 4, or as shown in Fig. 1.
- signals with different echo times may be measured in two measurements.
- the phases of the spin of the water proton (hereinafter, referred to as water spin) and the spin of the fat proton (hereinafter, referred to as fat spin) are aligned, With the passage of time, a phase shift occurs due to the difference between the resonance frequencies of the water spin and the fat spin, and the time differs by 180 °.
- the image signals obtained by processing these two NMR signals are referred to as Sl (x. Y) and S2 (x, y), respectively.
- Sl (x. Y) W (x, y) + F (x, y) (1)
- 0 (x, y) is the component of phase rotation due to inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field
- a (x, y) is the component of phase rotation due to non-uniformity of the RF pulse in the vector direction.
- the distribution of the non-uniform static magnetic field is calculated using these echoes 506 and 501.
- a module 509 for creating the phase 2 ° map shown (indicated by a dotted line in the figure) and a step 502 for correcting the phase of the second echo 501 are included.
- the phase 20 map is obtained by calculating the phase rotation caused by the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field as a function of the position.
- addition / subtraction processing 507 is performed to obtain a water / fat image 508.
- the phase 2 ° map creation module 509 includes a phase 2 ° map creation step 503, an unwrap processing step 504, and an unwrap suitability determination step 505. Below, place The functions of the Phase 2 ⁇ Map creation module will be described in more detail.
- a static magnetic field non-uniformity map is obtained by subtracting the phase of Sl (x, y) from S2 (x, y) and doubling the remaining phase.
- phase 2 ° map is unwrapped.
- "01” and “01 + 27r” are recognized as the same phase, so when the phase distribution range exceeds 27 ⁇ , "01" and " ⁇ 561 +2 ⁇ " are identified.
- the phase change produces discontinuous parts (called around the main value).
- the phase unwrapping process is a process for eliminating such a rotation around the principal value. Specifically, the phase of a point adjacent to a predetermined reference point (point to be unwrapped) is calculated, and the difference is calculated. If the value is not within the specified range (usually one 7 ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ 7 ⁇ ), it is determined that the main value has been rotated, and 27 ⁇ is added or subtracted from the phase value of the adjacent point.
- phase difference between the unwrapped point and the unwrapped point is calculated by a complex operation, and then the phase is converted to the phase of the unwrapped point in addition to the reference point phase.
- the phase of the point that is directly unwrapped is calculated without ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- Such phase unwrapping processing is usually performed for all pixels while sequentially changing the reference points.
- this unwrapping process is not performed for all the coordinates of the obtained phase map, but a region that is considered to be strongly affected by noise is eliminated using an appropriate noise removal mask in advance, and the remaining Process only the region. Since the amount of phase rotation due to the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field is determined using the second echo acquired at the timing when the water spin and the fat spin have opposite phases, the amount of noise increases and artifacts tend to occur. This is particularly important when the two-point Dickson method is employed in the present invention.
- a noise removal mask As a noise removal mask, (a) the absolute value of the first echo is obtained, and if this value is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, it is set to 1; (1) Echo threshold mask), (b) Obtain the absolute value of the second echo, and set the mask to 1 if this value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold and 0 if it is less than the threshold (second echo threshold Value mask), (c) If a closed curve is taken on the phase distribution map, and the value obtained by taking the phase difference of one round on the closed curve is 2 ⁇ , the point on the closed curve is set to 0 (the Use patches in combination with loop masks.
- the unwrap propriety judging step 505 the propriety of the masked and unwrapped result is judged, and if it is judged that the unwrap process is not properly performed, the mask condition is changed and the unwrap process is performed again. This process is repeated until proper unwrapping is performed (504, 505).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the phase 20 map creation module.
- a first echo threshold mask is created from the first echo prior to the unwrapping process (step 601). Is applied to the phase 20 map created in step 602, and only the portion where the subject exists is extracted from the phase 20 map.
- a low-pass filter (LPF) 603 is used to smooth out the phase 20 map before unwrapping.
- Subsequent unwrapping modules include a loop mask generation module 604 as a phase 20 map noise removal mask, a region growing unwrapping algorithm 605, and a non-unwrapped region fitting module 606.
- the loop mask creation 604 is a loop of a side having a predetermined length with respect to a certain point (a pixel shown in gray in the figure), for example, a 2 ⁇ 2 loop.
- calculate the phase sum of the points on the loop (the cumulative sum of the phase differences of adjacent pixels). If there is no phase disturbance due to noise, the phase sum is essentially 0. If the calculated phase sum is 0, the reference point is moved without masking and the same processing is performed.
- phase sum is not 0, it is considered that a phase disorder has occurred, so the points on this loop are masked.
- increase one side of the loop for example, create a 3 ⁇ 3 loop, obtain the phase sum for points on this loop, and if the phase sum is not 0, further increase one side of the loop. this In this way, the process is repeated while expanding the loop until the phase sum of points on the loop becomes zero.
- one side of the loop reaches the maximum value specified in advance, the processing is stopped and the reference point is moved to the next.
- the maximum value of one side of the loop mask is set as small as possible in the first setting, and the maximum value is sequentially increased when it is determined in the unwrap appropriateness determination step 505 that the unwrap is not properly performed. This prevents unnecessarily masking.
- the region growing unwrapping algorithm 605 sets a predetermined point as a start point, sequentially checks the phase difference between the point and an adjacent point, and if the phase difference is out of the predetermined range, The process of adding or subtracting 27 ° to or from the phase of an adjacent point, or calculating the phase difference between a reference point and an adjacent point by a complex operation, then converting it to a phase, adding the phase of the reference point to the adjacent point.
- the starting point to be the first reference point is to pick up candidates from points near the center of F0V, and the point where the unwrapping process is performed most frequently is determined as the starting point. This can increase the accuracy of the unwrapping process.
- the fitting module 606 for the non-unwrapped region performs a process of obtaining a phase value by function fitting for a region that has not been unwrapped by the mask. Function fitting is performed for two dimensions.
- Figure 8 shows an image of the mask created prior to the unwrapping process, which is the phase map to be unwrapped.
- (a) shows the phase map before the unwrapping process
- (b) shows the composite of the first echo threshold mask and the loop mask.
- Fig. (B) the area enclosed by a black square inside the object area shown in white is the area masked by the loop mask.
- Figure (c) shows the result of unwrapping using such a mask.
- the region 801 which is surrounded by white
- Changing the mask condition includes changing the loop mask described above and adding a second echo threshold mask. That is, (a) 0N / 0FF of the second echo threshold value mask processing 607 and (b) the change of the “maximum value of one side” used in the loop mask 604 are included. In the study of the present inventors, it was confirmed that the above (a) and (b) had a great effect on the unwrap processing result, and that it was necessary to automate the unwrap processing involving mask change and unwrap processing propriety determination.
- the second echo threshold mask 607 is introduced based on the following knowledge. That is, the second echo signal is expressed as in equation (2), and the area (W> F) where the water signal intensity W (x, y) is larger than the fat signal intensity F (x, y) is In the region O x. Y) ⁇ F (x, y)) where the fat signal intensity is greater than the water signal intensity and the region where the two are almost equal, the signal intensity S2 (x, y) Is close to 0, and the signal is buried in noise. The noise disturbs the phase of the second echo signal, causing a 20-map unwrap error.
- a mask image is obtained by setting a portion exceeding a certain threshold value to 1 and a portion below the threshold value to 0 with respect to the second echo absolute value image. With this mask, the portions of W (x, y) to F (x, y) can be removed.
- step 505 in FIG. 5 a step (step 505 in FIG. 5) of determining whether or not the unwrapping process 605 by the region growing method using the mask has been properly performed will be described.
- an unwrapping process status map 804 as shown in FIG. 8D is created in parallel with the progress of the unwrapping process, and it is determined whether or not the unwrapping has been properly performed based on the unwrapping process status map 804. If not, change mask conditions.
- a method of creating the unwrap processing status map 804 will be described with reference to FIG.
- Unwrap target pixel (unmasked pixel): 0
- the unwrap start point is defined as 1, and the four adjacent points (up, down, left, (2, x, 3, 4) shall be unwrapped.
- the processing status value is set to 1.
- the processing status value is 0 because the four adjacent points which are the comparison points have not been unwrapped yet (the processing status map in this state is not shown).
- a value indicating the processing status is given as shown in (b).
- the processing status values are as follows according to the unwrap processing of the points to be compared.
- phase difference from reference point ⁇ 0.57 ⁇ ⁇ unwrap: processing status value 1 (condition 1)
- the reference point is moved to the position of 2, and the same processing is performed. That is, a processing status value is given for the adjacent point (1) of the position (2) according to the above condition 1 or 2.
- Position 1 is a point adjacent to 2, but unwrap processing has already been performed, and the processing status value is 1. In this case, the value is compared with the reference point ⁇ ⁇ again, and the next value is substituted into the processing status according to the result.
- the result obtained when processing (1) based on (1) is the same as the result obtained when processing (2) based on (2).
- the processing status map is as shown in (d).
- the reference point was set as 3 and the comparison was made with the adjacent point
- the value of 2 on the right was different from the value obtained by processing 2 with 2 as the reference point and the value obtained by processing 6 with 3 as the reference point was 7 ⁇ or more.
- the processing status value is 2. This indicates that uncertainty has occurred in unwrapping because the unwrapping results in the two directions are different.
- the unwrap processing status value is 2 or more, it means that the unwrap is uncertain.
- phase difference from reference point ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ unwrap: processing status value 1 (condition 5)
- condition 5 Phase difference from reference point 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ not unwrapped: processing status value is unchanged (condition 6)
- condition 5 Phase difference from reference point 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ not unwrapped: processing status value is unchanged (condition 6)
- FIG. 8 (d) shows an image of the unwrapping process status map 804 thus created.
- the surrounding black area and the central black area 8041 are non-processing areas, and the unwrap processing status value is 11.
- the central gray area 8042 has been unwrapped and the unwrapping status value is 1.
- the area where the unwrap processing status value is 2 or more is drawn white. That is, in FIG. 8D, the upper vertical white line 8043 and the three horizontal white lines 8044, 8045, and 8046 on the left and right sides are regions where the unwrap processing status value is 2 or more.
- the phase is discontinuous with the vertical white line 8043 in the unwrapping processing state map 804 as the boundary. It has become. For example, at boundary 8043, the value unwrapped from the direction of arrow (1) and the value unwrapped from the direction of arrow (2) Is different.
- the unwrapping process appropriateness determination step when there is a point having a value of 2 or more in the unwrapping process status map, it is considered that some mistake has occurred in the unwrapping process, and it is determined that the unwrapping process is not properly performed.
- the processing status value of the unwrap processing status map is 1 or less for all pixels, it is considered that the unwrap has been properly performed, and the unwrap processing is determined to be appropriate. If it is determined that the unwrap is not properly performed, the mask condition is changed and the process is performed again. As described above, the change of the mask condition includes the addition of a new mask and the change of the maximum value of one side of the loop mask.
- Fig. 10 shows an example of the unwrap automation algorithm.
- the automation algorithm includes a process 901 using a first echo threshold mask, a process 902 using a second echo threshold mask, and a process 903 for changing the maximum value of the loop mask.
- a normal unwrap process is performed. That is, the phase 2 map before unwrapping is masked with the first echo threshold mask, the noise on the phase 20 map is removed, and a single pass filter (LPF) is applied to create a loop mask. At this time, the maximum value of one side of the loop mask is set to a small value, for example, about 2 to 3 pixels.
- LPF single pass filter
- the created unwrap processing status map is referred to, and it is determined whether the unwrap is properly performed by the above-described determination method (9011). If it is 0K, go to fitting. If NG, the process proceeds to the next process 902.
- the same process as the process 901 is performed after applying the second echo threshold mask 9021 in addition to the first echo threshold mask 9012.
- the second echo threshold mask 9021 a region where the water signal intensity is larger than the fat signal intensity (W> F) and a region where the fat signal intensity is larger than the water signal intensity (ff ⁇ Noise can be avoided in the region (W to F) where the two existing between F and F) are almost equal.
- the unwrap processing status map is referred to It is determined whether the unwrapping is properly performed, and if it is 0K, the process shifts to fitting. If NG, the process proceeds to processing 903.
- a mask is created by increasing the maximum value of one side of the loop mask (step 9031).
- the mask is strengthened to further eliminate the source of unwrap mistakes. If the maximum value of one side of the loop mask is set to a large value from the beginning, the mask will be applied more than necessary, and the area of the unwrapping process will not be expanded, and the accuracy of the fitting of the phase 20 map performed later will be poor. Become. Therefore, when a mistake occurs in the unwrapping process, the maximum value of one side of the loop mask is gradually increased (here, one pixel at a time) so that the appropriate unwrapping process is performed while securing the maximum unwrapping processing area.
- step 9033 the unwrapping process status map is referred to again in step 9033. If 0K, the process proceeds to fitting, and if NG, the process returns to step 9031. Process 903 is repeated until the unwrap processing status map becomes 0K.
- the fitting module (Fig. 6, 606) performs the process of estimating the phase value for the masked and unwrapped regions. For the estimation of the phase value, a known function fitting technique can be adopted. Since the desired phase 23 ⁇ 43 map is two-dimensional, function fitting is performed on two dimensions.
- the map obtained by fitting may be used as it is as the phase 20 map after fitting, but the phase 20 map after fitting and the phase 20 map before fitting are compared for each pixel, and
- the phase 20 map before fitting can be adjusted by 2 ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ : an integer) that is the closest to the difference before and after the fitting to obtain a “20 map after fitting”.
- ⁇ an integer
- the water fat separation can be performed by correcting a factor other than the static magnetic field inhomogeneity, for example, a phase shift due to a local resonance frequency f0 shift due to local noise / eddy current.
- the phase 20 map after fitting without such processing can reproduce the original static magnetic field without the influence of noise.
- the second echo is phase-corrected by the following formula.
- S2 '(x.y) is phase corrected This is the second echo.
- a water image can be obtained as an addition image, and a fat image can be obtained as a subtraction image.
- a water image is obtained as an addition image and a fat image is obtained as a subtraction image.
- a phase offset of 2 ⁇ ⁇ may actually occur. May be reversed. That is, a fat image may be obtained as an addition image and a water image may be obtained as a subtraction image.
- Such a phase offset can be prevented by adding processing to change the unwrap start point.
- the unwrap processing is automatically unwrapped so that the unwrap processing can be performed over a large area. Since the starting point of the processing is determined, it is preferable to perform the processing for matching the phases after the unwrapping processing.
- Fig. 11 shows such a phase matching algorithm.
- the difference (c) between the 20 maps (a) before unwrapping and the 20 maps (b) after unwrapping is calculated. Due to the nature of the unwrap, each value on the difference (c) is 2 ⁇ , and the distribution of ⁇ is obtained.
- phase matching process By adding such a phase matching process, it is possible to increase the likelihood of obtaining a water image as an addition image and a fat image as a subtraction image. In some cases, it may not be possible to correctly obtain a water / fat image using only the phase matching method. In such a case, it is preferable to employ a method for automatically determining a water / fat image described later. '
- the first echo The threshold mask, the second echo threshold mask, and the loop mask condition change are used in a stepwise combination, and an unwrap processing status map is created in parallel with the progress of the unwrap processing, and the unwrap processing is performed correctly. Is determined, it is possible to perform appropriate unwrap processing without unnecessarily strengthening the mask.
- phase 2 ° map creation module a mask using the value of (second echo signal) I (first echo signal) instead of the second echo threshold mask in the embodiment of FIG. ) Is used.
- FIG. 12 shows an unwrapping automatic algorithm according to this embodiment.
- This automated algorithm includes a process 1001 using a first echo threshold mask, a process 1002 using an ec2 / ecl mask, and a maximum value of a loop mask. And processing 1003 for changing
- the ec2 / ecl mask is a mask that calculates the value of (second echo signal) I (first echo signal) and sets it to 1 if this value is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and to 0 if this value is less than the threshold.
- the region where the water signal intensity W (x, y) is larger than the fat signal intensity F (x, y) (W> F) and the region where the fat signal intensity is larger than the water signal intensity (W ⁇ F) It is introduced to eliminate phase disturbance at the boundary with.
- Such a peculiar phase disturbance is caused by an operation for doubling the phase obtained from the first echo and the second echo.
- (I) There is a non-uniform static magnetic field, and (ii) W> F from W> F It has been confirmed by the present inventors that the cause is a gradual change to F. Therefore, when the value of (second echo signal) I (first echo signal) is smaller than the threshold value, masking the pixel removes such phase disturbance.
- the ratio of the absolute value of the first echo image to the absolute value of the second echo image is calculated as shown in Expression (13), and a region where the value is equal to or smaller than the threshold value mt is masked.
- ⁇ 1 and TE2 are ⁇ of the first and second echoes, respectively
- T2W * and T2F * are T2 * of water and fat, respectively.
- processing 1001 unwrap processing is performed using the first echo threshold mask.
- This process 1001 is almost the same as the process 901 in FIG. 10, but here, a process 1011 for checking how much the area is expanded before unwrapping is added.
- the extent of the region measured by this process is compared with the extent of the region measured by a similar process 1021 in process 1002 to be described later, and is used to adjust the strength of the ec2 / ecl mask.
- an unwrapping process status map is created in parallel with the unwrapping process as in the previous embodiment, and the processing status values of all pixels in this map are 1 or less, or 2 or more. Judge whether there is a point with, and judge the suitability of the unwrap process. If the unwrapping process has been performed properly, the process proceeds to the fitting module.
- Pixels satisfying are dropped at the threshold mt and masked.
- step 1021 to determine whether the spread of the unwrapping process is sufficient (step 1022). This determination is made by comparing the result of step 1011 of process 1001 with the result of step 1021 of process 1002.
- FIG. 13 shows the result of the spread measurement of the unwrapping process in the form of an image.
- A shows the result of the spread measurement step 101 1 in the process 1001 using the first echo threshold mask
- B shows the result of the spread measurement 1021 in the process 1002 using the ec2 / ecl mask.
- the white areas 1 1 1 1 and 1 121 are areas where the unwrapping process is spread, and in the spread measurement steps 1011 and 1021 of the processes 1001 and 1002, the white areas 1 1 1 1 and 1 1 respectively. Calculate the area (number of pixels) of 121.
- step 1022 the ratio R of the area of the region obtained in each of steps 1011 and 1021 is obtained. If the ratio satisfies R ⁇ a predetermined value (for example, 0.8), it is determined that the unwrap region is sufficiently wide, and the process proceeds to the unwrap process. On the other hand, if R ⁇ 0.8, the spread of the unwrapped area is weak, so the process proceeds to step 1023, where the threshold value mt of the ecZZecl mask is lowered, and the processing is performed again. This is repeated until R ⁇ 0.8.
- a predetermined value for example, 0.8
- the unwrapping process status map created in step 1024 is referred to.
- ecSZecl mask threshold value mt2 Allows unwrap miss boundary even if it remains around the image
- the threshold value of the ec2 / ecl mask is less than mt2, it means that the image is originally weak in the spread of the unwrap processing.In such an image, the maximum value of one side of the loop mask is increased to increase the unwrap processing. The spread of the function may decrease rapidly, and the result of the subsequent function fitting may not be appropriate. Therefore, in such a case, by allowing unwrapping errors to remain around the image, Make sure the loop mask is not too strong. It is considered that such processing does not lead to deterioration of the diagnostic information of the final image.
- FIG. 14 shows a range in which such an unwrap error is allowed.
- the unwrapping uncertainty is allowed in the F0V peripheral area 1402 (area 16 from the outer edge of F0V) outside the white square 1401.
- step 1030 of determining whether or not the unwrapping process is appropriate as in the process 1002 using the ec2 / ecl mask, a process for allowing uncertainty in the unwrapping is added to the F0V peripheral area. You may. This can prevent the loop mask from becoming too strong and preventing the unwrapped region from becoming too wide.
- a phase matching process for removing the phase offset in comparison with the phase before the process may be added.
- a process is added to adjust the 20 map before fitting by 2 ⁇ , which is the closest to the difference before and after fitting, and in addition to the static magnetic field correction, local noise and local resonance frequency fO deviation It is also possible to perform the water fat separation in which the phase shift due to is corrected.
- the ec2 / ecl mask sensitive to the boundary between the region of W> F and the region of W ⁇ > F is used as a mask for the unwrapping process.
- the mask strength can be adjusted by adding a function for checking the spread of the unwrap processing between the processing using the first echo threshold mask and the processing using the ec2 / ecl mask. .
- the criteria for the peripheral area were loosened, so that the loop mask became too strong. It is possible to prevent the processing time from becoming too long.
- phase map creation module according to the present invention.
- the module itself is simplified, and a part of the processing is put out of the loop to reduce the processing time of the unwrapping processing.
- FIG. 15 shows the processing flow of this embodiment.
- the processing 1501 using the first echo threshold mask and the processing 1503 for changing the maximum value of one side of the loop mask in this processing flow are exactly the same as the processing flows 1001 and 1003 in FIG.
- a low-pass filter process and loop mask creation are performed from the process loop that changes the threshold of the ec2 / ecl mask until the spread ratio of the unwrap process exceeds a predetermined threshold. Processing is omitted to reduce loop processing time.
- the abbreviation of the processing is not limited to this embodiment, and can be changed.
- a module 1601 for reducing the matrix size of each of the first echo image and the second echo image is added at the beginning of the phase 20 map creation module, and after that, the 20 maps of the reduced size are added. Create. After the created fitting, the 20 maps are returned to the original matrix size (step 1602), and the water / fat separation process is performed.
- Figure 17 shows how to reduce the matrix.
- the image data of the real space is subjected to inverse Fourier transform (2D-IFT) to return to data in the kx-ky space, and this data is cut out. — FT) to return to the image.
- 2D-IFT inverse Fourier transform
- FT FT
- the data is simply thinned out, for example, every other point. This method can reduce the time required for the Fourier transform by up to four times, although some image quality degradation may occur.
- a static magnetic field inhomogeneity map is created from two types of signals with different echo times TE obtained by the pulse sequence based on the two-point Dickson method.
- the automatic algorithm for unwrapping according to the present invention is described.
- Rhythm can be measured not only by the two-point Dickson method but also by measuring three kinds of signals with different echo times as shown in Fig. 2 and calculating the static magnetic field inhomogeneous distribution by calculating between these three kinds of signals. Can be applied.
- the water signal 206 and the fat signal 205 have the same phase and the phase 207. Let this value be ⁇ .
- the water signal 209 and the fat signal 208 have opposite phases.
- the phase of the water signal at this time is ⁇ + ( ⁇ . (Z is the amount of phase rotation due to the non-uniformity of the static magnetic field.
- the water signal 212 and the fat signal 211 have the same phase again.
- the value of the phase 213 is ⁇ + 20. Since the water signal and the fat signal have the same phase in the first echo and the third echo, the phase of S3 (x.y) XSKx, y) is obtained. Thus, the amount of phase rotation due to the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field can be obtained.
- arg () means to find the phase.
- the phase map obtained for all (X, y) is unwrapped by the data processing flow shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 16 and FIG. 6, divided by 2 and the phase rotation amount 0 ( x, y).
- the phase of the signal S2 is corrected, and an addition image and a subtraction image are obtained in the same manner as in the case of the two-point Dickson method.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where signals with different echo times are obtained by three measurements, three signals with different echo times can be obtained within one repetition time.
- a spin echo type sequence may be used as shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b).
- the application to the two echo sequences of 0 ° -180 ° was shown.
- the present invention can be applied to the two echo sequences of 0 ° -90 ° with necessary changes.
- the 20 map is modified to 40 maps.
- the automatic algorithm of the unwrapping process can be applied not only to obtaining a water / fat separated image, but also to an MRI apparatus generally having a function of obtaining a phase map such as a static magnetic field inhomogeneity map.
- a static magnetic field inhomogeneity map is obtained, and an MRI apparatus equipped with an auto-simulating function that drives a shim coil to generate a magnetic field having the opposite polarity and magnitude, or a static image such as an EPI (ecoplanar method). It can also be used in MRI systems that correct the phase of image distortions and misalignments acquired in sequences that are susceptible to the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities.
- the automatic discrimination method provides a method for automatically discriminating two types of images obtained by calculation, based on the uncertainty associated with such unwrapping processing. For this reason, two discrimination methods are adopted. One is (1) the method of comparing the ratio of the pixel values of the first echo image and the second echo image, that is, the signal ratio. The other is (2) the direct comparison of the pixel values of the added-subtracted image. Is the way. These are described in detail below.
- the ratio of [pixel value of the second echo image] to [pixel value of the first echo image] (hereinafter, signal Ratio) is based on the assumption that the water signal has a larger value. That is, since the T2 value of the water signal is longer than that of the fat signal, the signal attenuation between the first echo image and the second echo image is weak, that is, the signal ratio takes a large value. Strictly speaking, the signal attenuation between the first echo image and the second echo image is T2 * attenuation because it also includes the effects of static magnetic field inhomogeneity, etc. Differences are preserved. This is used in this determination method.
- Figure 19 shows the algorithm for determining the water / fat image from the signal ratio.
- regions are extracted from the added image (a) and the subtracted image (b), and the high pixel value regions (c) and (d) are extracted. Is extracted.
- the number of pixels in the region to be extracted is about 1% of the whole region with a signal (ie, the number of pixels in the subject region).
- the signal ratio of the first and second echo images is obtained for each pixel in the subject area.
- the extracted high pixel value areas (c) and (d) are superimposed on this signal ratio image (e), and the average value of the signal ratio of the portion where the high pixel value area (c) of the added image is superimposed is obtained.
- the subtracted image is compared with the average value of the signal ratio of the portion where the high pixel value area (d) overlaps.
- the one having the larger signal ratio value is determined to be the water image as a result of the comparison. That is, of the signal ratios of the addition image extraction area and the subtraction image extraction area, the one having a larger value is determined as a water image, and the smaller one is determined as a fat image.
- the attenuation coefficient can be obtained by plotting the pixel values of the first echo image, the second echo image, and the third echo image with an exponential function. Then, it can be determined that the fat image has a larger attenuation coefficient.
- the one having a larger signal ratio value is determined to be a water image.
- the accuracy can be increased by adding conditions.
- T2 may be shorter than free water depending on the tissue where water protons are present, approaching the fat signal, resulting in measurement errors.
- tissue where water protons are present, approaching the fat signal, resulting in measurement errors.
- muscle is extracted as a region with a high water signal
- subcutaneous fat is extracted as a region with a high fat signal.
- Water molecules present in the muscle are free to bind to proteins.
- T2 is shorter than water. Therefore, the signal ratio of the water signal is close to the signal ratio of the signal of the subcutaneous fat, making it difficult to distinguish.
- the ratio of [the larger signal ratio] to [the smaller signal ratio] is the threshold value m ( ⁇ L) Only when this is the case, processing is performed with the [larger signal ratio] of the extraction area as a water image and the [smaller signal ratio] as a fat image. As a result, the accuracy can be improved except for the part including the error.
- the maximum value of the pixel value of the fat image is larger than the maximum value of the pixel value of the water image.
- the fact that the opposite relationship holds is used.
- SE spin echo
- a T1-weighted image is generally captured, and the contrast in this case is such that the maximum pixel value of the fat image is larger than the maximum pixel value of the water image.
- water and fat images are determined using this feature.
- FIG. 20 shows an algorithm for realizing the method (2).
- the high pixel value areas (c) and (d) are extracted from the added image (a) and the subtracted image (b).
- the average of the pixel values of the images (a) and (b) is obtained for each of the extracted regions.
- Figures 20 (e) and (f) show the superimposed images (a) and (b) and the extracted images (c) and (d), respectively, in order to determine the pixel values for the extraction area. Is shown. After that, the average of the obtained pixel values is compared.
- the one having the larger average pixel value is determined as the fat image, and the smaller one is determined as the water image.
- the ratio of [larger average pixel value] to [smaller average pixel value] of the added image and the subtracted image is calculated, and when this ratio exceeds the threshold ⁇ (> 1), The larger average pixel value is a fat image, and the smaller average pixel value is a water image. Also in this case, the ratio of [larger average pixel value] / / [flat: t
- the water / fat image cannot be determined from the addition and subtraction images, but as described above (1) By using this method in combination, it becomes possible to determine the water / fat image.
- the same can be applied by changing the threshold values m and p.
- one may be prioritized, and if one cannot be determined, the other may be applied.
- a “water image” or a “fat image” is added to the displayed image.
- the automatic discrimination method for water / fat images has been described above.
- this automatic discrimination method is not limited to the Dickson method, and can be used for all methods for calculating water and fat images from MR signals acquired at different echo times. it can.
- the imaging sequence is not only a sequence that acquires two echoes with one excitation, but also one image with one excitation, such as the ijkpna 1 method (EPI) and the First Spin Echo method (FSE). It can also be applied to a single scan sequence that acquires a simple echo. In this case, the shooting time is further reduced.
- an algorithm for optimally performing the unwrapping process when creating a phase shift map caused by non-uniformity of a static magnetic field using a plurality of signals having different echo times By applying such an algorithm to a water / fat separation image acquisition method such as the Dickson method with static magnetic field correction, a water / fat separation image can be obtained fully automatically.
- a method for obtaining a water / fat separation image by performing an operation between a plurality of signals having different echo times it is automatically determined whether any of the addition image and the subtraction image is a water image or a fat image.
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| EP01955714.9A EP1310211B1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-08-13 | Magnetic resonance imaging device and method |
| US10/344,430 US7196518B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-08-13 | Magnetic resonance method which automatically forms water/fat separated images with different echo times and determines that proper phase unwrapping has been utilized |
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| JP2000244249A JP4251763B2 (ja) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
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| WO2014125876A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-21 | 株式会社 日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置及びその処理方法 |
| JPWO2014125876A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置及びその処理方法 |
| US10261150B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2019-04-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and processing method |
| WO2018010134A1 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | System and method for magnetic resonance imaging |
| GB2555890A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-05-16 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd | System and method for magnetic resonance imaging |
| GB2555890B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-11-21 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd | System and method for magnetic resonance imaging |
| US10185012B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2019-01-22 | Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. | System and method for magnetic resonance imaging |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1310211A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
| US7196518B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 |
| JP2002306441A (ja) | 2002-10-22 |
| EP1310211A4 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| EP1310211B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| US20040010191A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| JP4251763B2 (ja) | 2009-04-08 |
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