WO2002010334A2 - Element d'adn promoteur de l'activite de transcription, actif dans les cellules humaines et methode generale pour en ajuster l'activite - Google Patents
Element d'adn promoteur de l'activite de transcription, actif dans les cellules humaines et methode generale pour en ajuster l'activite Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002010334A2 WO2002010334A2 PCT/FR2001/002438 FR0102438W WO0210334A2 WO 2002010334 A2 WO2002010334 A2 WO 2002010334A2 FR 0102438 W FR0102438 W FR 0102438W WO 0210334 A2 WO0210334 A2 WO 0210334A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1241—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7)
- C12N9/1247—DNA-directed RNA polymerase (2.7.7.6)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DNA sequence having a capacity for activating transcription equivalent to that of a strong viral promoter system.
- the second aspect of the invention relates to the adjustment of the activity of this promoter or of any other promoter, by the insertion of a DNA fragment of variable size between the promoter fragment and the sequence of interest to be transcribed. .
- RNA polymerases whose activity is initiated at the level of the promoters and can be modulated by transcription factors.
- the operating modes of eukaryotic (and very particularly human) promoters are very little known.
- the promoters used in the expression vectors are essentially "strong" promoters of viral origin. Generally refers to a strong promoter promoter whose presence allows increased transcription of the gene by at least 100 relative to the transcription of the gene in the absence of any promoter sequence. A majority of these promoters require the presence of enhancer sequence
- the mitochondria are more numerous in the cells of the muscle than in other tissues, it is therefore necessary to adapt the quantity of a mitochondrial protein that one would like to express in the muscle compared to another tissue which calls for less mitochondrial functioning.
- level of expression of a protein is to control the level of transcription and therefore consequently the level of synthesis of this protein.
- transcriptional regulatory elements have been highlighted not only in the 5 ′ part upstream of the genes, but also in their introns. These sequences can act as transcription activators or they can be used for specific expression within a tissue or a cell type. Negative regulating intragenic elements have also been characterized in eukaryotic genes. In all cases, the transcriptional regulatory elements relate to a specific nucleotide sequence responsible for the binding of transcription factors. The influence of these sequences strongly depends on the cell type considered. The problem today is therefore twofold.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a sequence comprising this promoter.
- the invention according to a first aspect relates to this promoter, or a promoter having a homologous sequence, sharing at least 70% of identity with the promoter mentioned and / or sharing with it CCAAT motifs.
- a promoter according to the first aspect of the invention will be called "NDUFS8 promoter”.
- the invention provides a promoter sequence including the preceding promoter, also active in human cells and of non-viral origin, but which moreover has a promoter activity as "strong as the viral promoter SV40. hereinafter referred to as “promoter sequence NDUFS8”
- promoter sequence NDUFS8 the strength of said promoter can be adjusted by introducing a DNA sequence, called stuffer, between the promoter and the sequence to be transcribed and which acts as The promoter's transcription activity decreases linearly depending on the size of the stuffer.
- a fourth aspect of the invention makes it possible to attenuate the transcription activity of a promoter sequence, it can be adjusted by introducing a DNA sequence (stuffer) between this promoter sequence and the sequence to be transcribed, this stuffer acting as drive.
- the NDUFS8 promoter is a promoter functional in human cells.
- the human origin of this promoter is an additional advantage of the invention.
- the promoter sequence according to the second aspect of the invention is active as a promoter without requiring the presence of an additional enhancer sequence (“enhancer”) and it has one of the strongest promoter activity known at present.
- the third aspect of the invention makes it possible to modulate the rate of transcription induced by the promoter sequence
- NDUFS8 NDUFS8. It is therefore possible to create a range of promoters having the same basic sequence according to the first aspect and differing only in the length of the stuffer, therefore a very homogeneous range in which the elements differ from each other by only one. feature.
- the homogeneity of the promoters makes the cloning strategy much simpler than for promoters of diverse origin as was the case in the previous solutions where it was necessary to rethink the cloning strategy and the choice of sites of- -restriction for all the various constructions envisaged.
- the invention according to its fourth aspect widens the possibility of regulating the transcription activity to other promoters. It is thus possible 'from a given promoter adapted to create a range of promoters having the same promoter sequence base and differing only in the length of the stuffer, hence a very uniform array whose elements differ from each other than by a single characteristic. The homogeneity of the promoters makes the cloning strategy much simpler.
- Gene A nucleic acid molecule encoding a functional polypeptide or RNA molecule, containing transcriptional regulatory sequences.
- the gene can also include non-coding sequences. Introns may be present.
- Coding sequence DNA fragment coding for a functional polypeptide or an RNA molecule.
- Promoter Region of initiation of transcription. This region includes the sequence elements necessary for initiation of transcription by the appropriate RNA polymerase. In general, this region, located upstream of the coding sequence, is 5 'to the site of initiation of transcription.
- Promoter sequence A sequence comprising a promoter and transcriptional regulatory elements.
- Transcription activity generated by a promoter sequence it is generally defined by the number of RNA molecules initiated per unit of time.
- Transcriptional regulatory element Any element in a nucleic acid sequence which has the ability, alone or in combination with other cellular components (such as proteins), to initiate, promote, suppress, induce or complete the transcription of genomic DNA into RNA. In most cases, the genomic DNA whose transcription is regulated by this element, is located close to it, in 3 'or 5'.
- transcriptional regulatory factor includes promoters, enhancers, repressors and transcription termination signals.
- Transcription factor Cellular component (such as a protein) capable of interacting with a transcriptional regulatory element on a DNA sequence and participating in the regulation of transcription.
- Chimeric gene Gene comprising sub-parts of different origins, for example a coding sequence from a first species and a promoter from a second species.
- a gene is also considered to be a chimeric gene if it comprises sub-parts originating from different genes of the same species, or else from the same gene from different species.
- Heterologous Two entities are heterologous towards each other when there is not naturally an association of these two sequences. For example, two nucleic acid sequence are hcierolo 'gues relative to each other if the sequences are not from the same organism or not the result of the same gene in a given organism.
- % nucleic acid identity This percentage indicates the degree of identity between two nucleic acid sequences along the whole of the sequences, for sequences having more than 12 nucleic acids, for example more than 30 nucleic acids . If the sequences considered are of different size, the% identity is expressed as a function of the total length of the shortest sequence. To calculate the% identity, the two sequences are superimposed so as to maximize the number of identical bases by allowing intervals, then the number of identical bases is divided by the total number of bases of the shortest sequence.
- the percentage of identity between two sequences can also be defined using the 'BLAST 2 Sequences' program.
- This program uses the BLAST algorithm for two-to-two DNA-DNA sequence comparisons. A version of this program is available - on the website: http: //www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov / blast / bl2seq / bl2.html.
- Fragment Part of an entity that does not include the entire entity. For example, a nucleic acid sequence fragment refers to parts or segments of this sequence but does not include the entire sequence.
- Stuffer A piece of DNA that goes between the promoter (or promoter sequence) and the coding sequence, " whose main functional characteristic is to keep these two elements apart.
- a stuffer can include from zero base pairs to a few thousand base pairs, for example from 0 to 2000 base pairs, particularly from 0 to 1500.
- the stuffer does not contain transcription regulatory elements recognized as such by the cell in question and it does not interact with the promoter or promoter sequence NRF1 binding site: Nucleic acid sequence on which the transcription factor binds
- NRF1 nuclear respiratory factor 1 which acts in cis.
- Functional transcript RNA obtained by the transcription of a DNA fragment, gene or chimeric gene, initiated at the level of a promoter sequence and the quality and size of which confer all of the functions encoded by said DNA fragment , that is to say antisense RNA capable of hybridizing with a specific messenger RNA, or messenger RNA comprising all the signals allowing its translation into a protein or a polypeptide coded by the coding sequence of the DNA fragment transcribed.
- a first aspect according to the present invention relates to a promoter of small size active in human cells.
- the inventors have demonstrated the very strong promoter activity of a fragment of a chromosome sequence llql3 located upstream of the human NDUFS8 gene.
- This gene codes for the 23kDa subunit (also called TYKY or NDUFS8 subunit) of complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase-EC 1.6.5.3) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
- the promoter element of the RNA polymerase transcription activity for this gene is included in the region separating the 3 'end of the ALDH7 gene upstream on the chromosome and the start of the first exon of the NDUFS8 gene. This region is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the promoter element is located more particularly in the 241 base pairs preceding the start of this first exon and represented in FIG.
- An NDUFS8 promoter covers a DNA sequence having a percentage identity of more than 70% with the sequence described above of 241 base pairs and / or which comprises at least one of the three CCAAT motifs, preferably two of these patterns and at best all three.
- the sequence has a percentage of identity with the sequence of FIG. 1 of more than 80%, for example more than 90%.
- the percentage of identity is greater than 95%, for example more than 97%, more than 98%, for example more than 99%.
- These latter variants preferably correspond to -allelic variants which are distinguished from the reference sequence by the insertion, deletion or replacement of 1 to 10 nucleotides; preferably with conservation of function.
- an NDUFS8 promoter covers a DNA sequence capable of hybridizing with the sequence described above of 241 base pairs during a Southern blot under stringent conditions.
- stringent conditions is meant the conditions which allow the specific hybridization of two single-stranded DNA sequences at approximately 65 ° C. for example in a solution of 6x SSC, 0.5% SDS, 5X Denhardt's solution and 100 ⁇ g non-specific carrier DNA or any other solution of equivalent ionic strength and after washing at 65 ° C, for example in a solution of at most 0.2 x SSC and 0.1% SDS or any other solution of ionic strength equivalent.
- a promoter sequence according to the second aspect of the invention contains the previously described NDUFS8 promoter followed by at least part of exon I of the NDUFS8 gene and at least part of intron I of this same gene.
- An NDUFS8 promoter sequence according to the invention contains at most one NRF1 binding site.
- exon I is present in its entirety (base C1871 to base G1962 in FIG. 1) and intron I is present in part, this part having at least 500 to 1000 base pairs.
- this region contains binding sites for the transcription factor Spl and for the respiratory nuclear factor NRF1.
- a preferred variant of the invention contains a 3 'truncated form of the intron I.
- the sequence corresponds to the 3' truncated form at the BamHI restriction site at G2081. This sequence is 452 base pairs and is framed by the restriction sites of Apal in 5 'and BamHI in 3'.
- the promoter activity of the described sequence is comparable to that of SV40. Indeed, it has been cloned into the expression vector pGL-3basic Promega ®, containing the luc + gene for firefly luciferase. The level of production of luciferase was compared with the level of production in a similar construction but containing the viral promoter SV40 and the amplifier ("enhancer") SV40. The inventors have shown that the transcription levels induced by these two promoters are comparable. The SV40 promoter is reputed to have one of the strongest transcription activation capacities. The inventors have therefore demonstrated a short sequence of human genomic DNA endowed with a very strong transcriptional activation capacity, without requiring an additional enhancer sequence (as is the case for the SV40 promoter).
- this sequence according to the invention has a promoter activity in eukaryotic cells.
- the more particularly human origin of the sequence gives it activity in animal cells, particularly mammalian cells such as murine, simian, bovine cells, preferably it is also active in human cells.
- the NDUFS8 promoter sequence according to the invention also has an adjustable transcriptional activation capacity.
- the transcription activity generated by a promoter sequence is generally defined by the number of RNA molecules initiated per unit of time. In fact, several ways of modifying the transcriptional activity of a promoter sequence are conceivable. A first means would consist in changing the properties of the promoter sequence in itself, that is to say changing its efficiency or the speed of initiation of transcription.
- modifications can be carried out by modifying the sequence or by adding binding sites for amplifiers (“enhancers”) or silencers.
- Another means consists in intervening further downstream, once the transcription is initiated, by modifying the number of functional transcripts relative to the number of initiated transcripts. According to this second possibility, the promoter activity proper is not affected, but on the other hand the rate of functional transcripts is modulated. It is this second possibility that the inventors have exploited.
- RNA polymerase To increase the number of correctly initiated but unsuccessful transcripts (truncated 3 'before the transcription termination site of the sequence to be transcribed), that is to say the "failure rate" of RNA polymerase, the inventors have inserted a DNA fragment called a “stuffer” between the promoter sequence and the sequence to be transcribed. Although the mechanism of action of this system has not yet been fully elucidated, the inventors postulate that, because of the presence of this fragment, the probability that the RNA polymerase will drop out of the DNA strand before the signal end of transcription is increased.
- the fusion of the stuffer just downstream of the promoter sequence therefore makes it possible to modify the rate of functional transcripts obtained.
- the stuffer lengthens the promoter sequence in 3 '. This lengthening compared to the basic construction of the promoter leads to the modulation of the activity transcriptional.
- the stuffer is inserted downstream of the transcription initiation site.
- the essential characteristic of the stuffer is its size in number of base pairs. The attenuation of the transcriptional activity with respect to the base sequence is an increasing linear function of the size of the stuffer, therefore the transcriptional activity decreases as the length of the stuffer increases.
- the promoter sequence considered is the sequence of 452 base pairs located upstream of the KDUFS8 gene, containing the promoter of the gene, the first exon and a fragment of the first intron of the NDUFS8 gene, corresponding to the sequence represented in the Figure 1 between positions C1630 and G2081.
- the stuffer does not contain a binding site for transcription factors, it is not an element of regulation of transcription according to the definition given above. In particular, it does not contain sites for amplifiers ("enhancers") or silencers. It is independent of the promoter sequence, it does not belong to this sequence in the sense that it does not modify its promoter activity.
- the stuffer attenuates the transcription activity of the montage without affecting the efficiency or the speed of initiation of transcription by the promoter.
- a stuffer according to the invention does not contain a transcription termination signal so that the RNA polymerase can therefore transcribe the sequence placed 3 'relative to the stuffer.
- the sequence to be transcribed can be a sequence coding for a functional polypeptide.
- the sequence to be transcribed can also serve as a template for synthesizing antisense RNA.
- a “stuffer” sequence according to the invention mention may be made of all or part of the sequence of the NDUFS8 gene extending from nucleotide G2082 to nucleotide G3319, PCR fragments derived from the amplification of any regions of the genes NDUFS2 from chromosome lq23-25 and the NDUFS7 gene from chromosome 19pl3.
- a stuffer according to the invention can be a perfectly random nucleic acid sequence, for example a synthetic sequence with equiprobability for the four bases A, T, C, G.
- Another example of stuffer according to the invention comes from the digestion, enzymatic of genomic DNA, provided that the cells providing the DNA to be digested and those into which the stuffer is to be inserted are of very different species, for example of kingdoms. different . Fragments from the enzymatic digestion of prokaryotic organisms can serve as
- fragments of bacterial or yeast DNA obtained by enzymatic digestion are potential candidates for use as a stuffer in human cells.
- the present invention also relates to the chimeric genes containing a promoter sequence, a DNA fragment called stuffer whose size makes it possible to modulate the activity of the promoter sequence and a sequence to be transcribed.
- the promoter sequence is either an NDUFS8 promoter, or else an NDUFS8 promoter sequence (NDUFS8 promoter supplemented by the first exon and a fragment of the first intron of the NDUFS8 gene).
- NDUFS8 promoter NDUFS8 promoter supplemented by the first exon and a fragment of the first intron of the NDUFS8 gene.
- the sequence to be transcribed is heterologous with respect to the promoter sequence.
- the sequence to transcribing is therefore not that coding for the NDUFS8 subunit.
- the modulation allowed by the stuffer is a decrease in the transcription activity of the promoter sequence placed upstream. This decrease is an increasing linear function of the length of the stuffer
- the modulation factor thus allowed is very important.
- the promoter sequence corresponds to the sequence of 452 base pairs of the NDUFS8 gene illustrated in FIG. 1 and. where the sequence to be expressed, located downstream of the fusion between promoter sequence and stuffer, is that of the Iuc + gene in the expression vector pGL-3basic
- a stuffer of 1200-1500 base pairs leads to a transcriptional activity of approximately 2 5 times that of the gene in the absence of any promoter sequence.
- the stuffer is reduced to a few bases or reduced to nothing, a transcriptional activity equal to 200 times that observed in the absence of any promoter sequence is observed. Between the two situations, there is therefore a factor of 40 to 100.
- the range of promoters with variable expression forces is therefore particularly wide.
- a stuffer according to the invention is not a transcription regulation element therefore it does not contain a transcription termination signal.
- a preferred stuffer according to the invention does not contain the ATG sequence which could lead to its translation after transcription.
- Such a stuffer also does not contain any other signal that could lead to its translation. So that the influence of the stuffer remains limited within the cell and to avoid undesirable interactions or interference in the host cell, a variant of the invention consists in considering the stuffer as a first intron vis-à-vis screw of the sequence placed downstream in the chimeric gene. Therefore, a stuffer according to the invention would contain the signals necessary for its splicing after transcription. The mRNA produced by the host cell then corresponds to that which would have been generated after transcription only of the sequence to be transcribed of interest.
- the sequence to be transcribed which is located within the chimeric gene, is not translated.
- the construction of the chimeric gene can be carried out in order to synthesize antisense RNA to block for example the synthesis of other proteins of the host cell, it can also be carried out to synthesize ribozymes.
- the sequence to be transcribed is translated.
- This sequence of interest to translate placed in the 3 ′ part of the chimeric gene, contains an ATG which can be recognized by riboso es to allow translation of the reading frame. Therefore, after the transcription of the fusion between stuffer and sequence of interest, the translation will start exactly at the desired location at the start of the coding sequence of interest placed downstream of the ATG.
- sequences to be transcribed As an example of a sequence to be transcribed, mention may be made of sequences coding for selection agents, markers, hormones, receptors, reporter proteins such as luciferase.
- This sequence to be transcribed, once translated into a polypeptide can be used to trigger in the host the production of antibodies against the polypeptide encoded by said sequence.
- the present invention also relates to vectors containing chimeric genes as described above. These vectors allow the introduction and possibly the expression of the chimeric gene in a host cell. Examples of vectors include the plasmid expression vectors, viral vectors' integrative vectors, autosomal vectors.
- the present invention also relates to a family of expression vectors. Indeed, from an NDUFS8 promoter according to the invention, or else from an NDUFS8 promoter sequence according to the invention, it is possible to generate a range of expression vectors which differ from each other only by the size of the stuffer fused downstream of the promoter or of the promoter sequence. Expression vectors are thus obtained having a range of transcriptional activity. It is then possible to classify the vectors according to an order relation based on transcriptional activity.
- This order relation between them as a function of transcriptional activity does not depend on the cell type. From a sample of this family of expression vectors, it is possible to obtain different levels of expression of a heterologous protein. Depending on the results, the level of expression can therefore be optimized so as not to be toxic, or it can be adjusted to a level required in a particular tissue or according to the therapeutic objectives.
- the present invention relates to cells transformed with a chimeric gene.
- the transformed cells are stable.
- the cells are transiently transformed.
- Favorite cells according to the invention are of mammalian origin and especially cells of human origin.
- the invention also relates to non-human organisms transformed by a chimeric gene defined above, for example transgenic mammals such as mice, monkeys, bovines.
- the methods employed for introducing the chimeric genes of the invention into cells are those usually described in the manuals.
- the conventional techniques for the introduction of vectors into plant or bacterial cells are electroporation, chemical treatments accompanied by thermal cycles, bombardment with glass or metal beads, in particular for the introduction of plasmids.
- the techniques of infection and transfection are also those conventionally described in the manuals; for example infection of Sf9 cells with a baculovirus.
- the invention accounts for a process for the production of a heterologous protein.
- a heterologous protein such production supposes the construction of a chimeric gene as described above.
- the promoter is chosen between the NDUFS8 promoter of the invention, or the NDUFS8 promoter sequence of the invention.
- the stuffer is defined according to the desired level of expression of the protein of heterologous interest.
- the sequence to transcribe placed downstream of the stuffer is the coding sequence to translate corresponding to the protein of interest. This sequence contains an ATG which can be recognized by ribosomes to allow translation of the reading frame.
- the chosen host cell is transformed with the constructed chimeric gene. Conditions are then applied to the host cell that allow the expression of chimeric genes.
- the method according to the invention can comprise, in a last step, the extraction of the heterologous protein produced. This extraction can take place directly on the cells, after cell lysis, or else from the culture supernatant.
- the present invention defines a means of attenuating the transcription activity of a promoter or of a promoter sequence.
- the invention is a generalization to other promoters of the construction making it possible to adjust the transcription activity of an NDUFS8 promoter or of an NDUFS8 promoter sequence.
- the invention according to this aspect relates to chimeric genes constructed from a given promoter sequence.
- These chimeric genes contain a promoter sequence, a DNA fragment called stuffer, the size of which makes it possible to modulate the activity of the promoter sequence and a sequence to be transcribed.
- the fusion of the stuffer just downstream of the promoter sequence makes it possible to attenuate the rate of functional transcripts. This attenuation from the base sequence is an increasing linear function of the size of the stuffer.
- the stuffer according to this fourth aspect of the invention is used in the same way as in the third aspect where it is associated with the promoter sequence NDUFS8.
- the stuffer also has the same characteristics as those presented above, in particular it modifies the rate of functional transcripts without strictly speaking modifying the promoter activity of the promoter sequence placed upstream.
- the sequence to be transcribed is not translated.
- the construction of the chimeric gene can be carried out in order to synthesize antisense RNAs to block, for example, the synthesis of other proteins of the host cell.
- the sequence to be transcribed is translated. This sequence of interest to translate, placed in the 3 ′ part of the chimeric gene, contains an ATG which can be recognized by the ribosomes to allow translation of the reading frame. Therefore, after the transcription of the fusion between stuffer and sequence of interest, the translation will start exactly at the desired location at the start of the coding sequence of interest placed downstream of the ATG.
- a possible chimeric gene according to the invention would consist of the promoter SV 40 fused with a stuffer. This construction makes it possible to decrease the activation force of the transcription of the SV40 promoter which is particularly strong.
- the promoter sequence consists of a promoter, an exon and an intron fragment.
- the promoter sequence comprises the fragment from -500 to +1400 base pairs of the COLIAI human gene corresponding to the promoter, to the first exon and to part of the first intron of the gene of the ⁇ 1 chain of the type I procollagen.
- promoter sequence is the sequence -734 at +85 base pairs relative to the translation signal of the human gene NDUFS3.
- Another example of a promoter sequence is the fragment from -436 to +49 base pairs of the human succinate dehydrogenase gene b gene.
- the present invention also relates to vectors containing chimeric genes as described above. These vectors are used in a manner comparable to that described previously for the promoter sequence NDUFS8.
- the present invention also relates to a family of expression vectors. Indeed, from an NDUFS8 promoter according to the invention, or from an NDUFS8 promoter sequence according to the invention, or from any other promoter or promoter sequence, it is possible to generate a range of expression vectors which differ from each other only in the size of the stuffer fused downstream of the promoter or promoter sequence. Expression vectors are obtained in this way having a range of transcriptional activity. It is then possible to classify the vectors according to an order relation based on transcriptional activity.
- This order relation between them as a function of transcriptional activity does not depend on the cell type. From a sample of this family of expression vectors, it is possible to obtain different levels of expression of a heterologous protein. Depending on the results, the level of expression can therefore be optimized so as not to be toxic, or it can be adjusted to a level required in a particular tissue or according to the therapeutic objectives.
- promoter sequence NDUFS8 for expressing endogenous or heterologous proteins in eukaryotic cells, in particular human cells.
- the NDUFS8 promoter or / and of the NDUFS8 promoter sequence, with or without stuffer are particularly valuable.
- the invention provides a promoter making it possible not only to express this protein in human cells, but also to adjust this expression to a required level by modulating the size of the stuffer.
- montages promoter, + stuffer, fragment to transcribe and translate
- Figure 1 ( Figure 1a continuing in Figure 1b): Sequence of the region of the NDUFS8 gene analyzed by transient transfection comprising 3403 base pairs, the 3 'end of the terminal exon of the ALDH7 gene is shown. The numbering begins at the nucleotide marked "1" corresponding to a cytosine.
- AP2 nucleotides G359-G366 and C632-C639
- CCAAT nt A1713-C1718, G1773-C1779, G1825-C1832
- Ets nt C1674- C1683
- NRFl nt G2053-C2062 and G2145-C2156
- Spl nt C2156-C2161 and C2373-C2378
- Sacl nt G-5-C1
- BamHI nt G2081-C2086 and G3319-C3324
- the enzyme restriction fragment obtained after digestion at the Sacl site and at the 2nd BamHJ site comprises 3319 base pairs.
- ATG (nt A3396-G3398) at the 3 'end of the fragment is the translation initiation codon used for the expression of the premature form of the 23kDa subunit.
- Exon 1 (nt C1871-G1962) is shown in bold. Intron 1 extends from nucleotide G1963 to nucleotide G3395.
- Figure 2 Representation of the NDUFS8 gene region analyzed by transient transfection; . AP2, CCAAT, Ets, NRFl, Spl are homologous sequences of transcription factor binding sites. The 3 'end of the terminal exon of the ALDH7 gene is indicated. Sac1 and BamHI are the restriction sites used for the subcloning of the analyzed sequence; the ATG at the 3 ′ end of the fragment is the translation initiation codon used for the expression of the premature form of the 23kDa subunit. Exon 1 (represented by a hatched box) corresponds to the 5 'end of the NDUFS8 gene transcript; this part is not coding.
- Figure 3 Representation of the inserts of the constructions made in the pGL3-basic vector.
- Alu Jb and Alu Sx are intergenic sequences corresponding to listed patterns known as an “aluminum sequence” of Jb or Sx type.
- S, B and A correspond respectively to the Sac1, BamHI and Apal restriction sites.
- figure 3d Representation of the inserts of clones 42, 31 and 43
- figure 3e Representation of the inserts of clones 46, 33, 29
- Figure 4 Relative transcriptional activities of constructs 1, 3 and of the vector pGL3-control (promoter SV40 + enhancer).
- the data in the graph represent the relative promoter force of the different inserts integrated into the pGL3-basic vector. These values correspond to the Firefly luciferase activities measured for the various constructions and corrected by the Renilla luciferase activities measured for the control vector pRL-TK. These values are reported for an activity of clone 1 arbitrarily fixed at a value of 1.
- Relative transcriptional activity [(Firefly luciferase activity of the clone) - (Firefly luciferase activity of pGL3-basic)] / (Renilla luciferase activity of pRL-TK).
- Transcriptional activities are shown for transient expression experiments in human 143B and mouse C2C12 cells in culture.
- Figure 5 Relative transcriptional activities of constructions 1, 7, 3, 5, 26 and 9.
- the data in the graph represent the relative promoter force of the different inserts integrated into the vector pGL3-basic. These values correspond to the Firefly luciferase activities measured for the various constructions and corrected by the Renilla luciferase activities measured for the control vector pRL-TK. These values are reported for an activity of clone 1 arbitrarily fixed at a value of 1.
- Relative transcriptional activity [(Firefly luciferase activity of the clone) - (Firefly luciferase activity of pGL3-basic)] / (Renilla luciferase activity of pRL-TK).
- FIG. 6 Relative transcriptional activities of constructs 1, 3, 26, 46, 33 and 29.
- the data in the graph represent the relative promoter force of the different inserts integrated into the vector pGL3-basic. These values correspond to the Firefly luciferase activities measured for the various constructions and corrected by the Renilla luciferase activities measured for the control vector pRL-TK. These values are reported for an activity of clone 1 arbitrarily fixed at a value of 1.
- Relative transcriptional activity [(Firefly luciferase activity of the clone) - (Firefly luciferase activity of pGL3-basic)] / (Renilla luciferase activity of pRL-TK ).
- Figure 7 Relative transcriptional activities of constructs 3, 1, 14, 5, 7, 15 and 16.
- the data in the graph represent the relative promoter force of the different inserts integrated into the vector pGL3-basic. These values correspond to the Firefly luciferase activities measured for the various constructions and corrected by the Renilla luciferase activities measured for the control vector pRL-TK. These values are reported for an activity of clone 1 arbitrarily fixed at a value of 1.
- Relative transcriptional activity [(Firefly luciferase activity of the clone) - (Firefly luciferase activity of pGL3-basic)] / (Renilla luciferase activity of pRL-TK).
- Figure 8 Relative transcriptional activities of constructs 5, 26, 42, 31, 43, 7 and 1. The data in the graph represent the relative promoter force of the different inserts integrated into the vector pGL3-basic. These values correspond to the Firefly luciferase activities measured for the various constructions and corrected by the Renilla luciferase activities measured for the control vector pRL-TK. These values are reported for an activity of clone 1 arbitrarily fixed at a value of 1.
- Relative transcriptional activity [(Firefly luciferase activity of the clone) - (Firefly luciferase activity of pGL3-basic)] / (Renilla luciferase activity of pRL-TK ).
- Figure 9 Variation in transcriptional activity depending on the addition of the stuffer.
- the relative transcriptional activity of the constructs is represented as a function of the size (in number of base pairs) of the DNA sequence between the start of exon 1 and the start of the luc + DNA fragment coding for the Firefly. luciferase. Transcriptional activity is measured by the Dual-Luciferase system (Pro éga). The activity of clone 3 is chosen as a 100% reference.
- FIG. 9a transfection into human cells 143B
- Figure 10 Amplification by RT-PCR of the mRNA of the luc + gene.
- the RNA from 143B cells transfected with clone 1 or with clone 3 were extracted and used as template in order to carry out an RT-PCR reaction under the conditions described in the material and methods section.
- the primers used for the PCR reaction are specific to the sequence of the luc + gene.
- the amplifiers are visualized under UV by staining with ethidium bromide after electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel. The intensity of the bands is estimated using Gel Analyst software (Iconix). For each clone, 5 dilutions of the RT product were amplified by PCR: 1/10, 1/50, 1/100, 1/250, 1/500.
- M stands for DNA fragment size markers (1 Kb ladder, Life Technologies); Tc- means negative control of the PCR reaction (PCR performed in the absence of. RNA).
- the objective consisted in studying the transcriptional regulation of the human NDUFS8 gene coding for the 23 kDa subunit (also called TYKY or NDUFS8 subunit) of the complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase - EC 1.6.5.3) mitochondrial.
- the characterization of this gene (De Sury et al., 1998) made it possible to show the presence of the gene coding for 1 ⁇ LDH7, upstream of NDUFS8, and the existence of a first non-coding exon for the NDUFS8 gene.
- the sequence studied corresponds to a fragment of 3319 base pairs (bp) comprised between a fragment of the 3 'terminal part of the ALDH7 gene and the 3' end of the first intron of the NDUFS8 gene. This fragment is bounded by the SacI (5 'side) and BamHI (3' side) restriction sites. The 3 'end of this sequence is located 76 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon of the NDUFS8 gene.
- Transient transfection experiments using a vector containing a nucleic acid fragment encoding firefly luciferase (Firefly luciferase - gene luc +) were carried out to identify the presence, in the sequence presented in FIG.
- the lengthening of the sequence located 3 ′ with respect to this basic construction (see clone 26 of FIG. 3b) and upstream of the luc + fragment encoding the Firefly luciferase leads to a progressive and linear decrease in l transcription activity.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to have: "a short sequence of human genomic DNA endowed with a very high capacity for activating transcription;” in addition, this transcriptional activity can be modulated as a function of the size of the fragment of DNA inserted into an expression vector between this sequence and the gene to be expressed.
- Clone 1 contains the entire region studied. It was prepared from two inserts: a SacI / BamHI fragment of 2081 bp (part 5 ') and a BamHI / BamHI fragment of 1238 bp (part 3') ( Figure 1 and 2). These inserts are from digested human genomic DNA
- Clone 3 contains the SacI / BamHI fragment of 2081 bp (part 5 ') and clone 9, the BamHI / BamHI fragment of 1238 bp (part 3').
- Clones 5 and 7 were prepared respectively from clones 3 and 1 by eliminating an Apal / Apal restriction fragment corresponding to bases 194 to 1629 of the sequence studied.
- Clone 26 contains the region 1630-2081. To make clone 14, the same two inserts as for clone 1 were used, but the BamHI / BamHI fragment of 1238 bp (in 3 ′) was integrated in the reverse orientation.
- the human osteosarcoma cells of line 143B (ATCC, CRL-8303) are cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 0.1 mg / l of 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine.
- the murine myoblasts of the C2C12 line (ATCC, CRL-1772) are cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Cell cultures are carried out by incubation at 37 ° C. in an atmosphere containing 5% of CO 2.
- the vector pRL-TK expresses a sea urchin luciferase (Renilla luciferase) under the control of the thymidine kinase promoter of the Herpes simplex virus. The constitutive expression of this luciferase serves as an internal control of the efficiency of the transfection.
- Three microliters ( ⁇ l) of FuGENE 6 are used per well. The cells are then incubated 48 hours before being lysed for the measurement of luciferase activities.
- the transfected cells are lysed in 100 or 500 ⁇ l of Passive Lysis Buffer IX depending on the activity of the transfected constructs.
- the luminescence measurements are carried out on 5, 10 or 20 ⁇ l of cell lysate depending on the activity of the transfected constructs.
- the Firefly luciferase corresponding to the constructions in the vector pGL3-basic, is assayed by the addition of 100 ⁇ l of Luciferase Assay Reagent II.
- 100 ⁇ l of Stop & Glo reagent are added for the measurement of the Renilla luciferase activity corresponding to the control vector pRL-TK.
- a 6-well plate is seeded with 10 5 143B cells per well. After 24 hours of culture, the cells contained in each well are transfected using 3 ⁇ g of DNA and 9 ⁇ l of FuGENE 6. Clone 1 and clone 3 are each transferred to 3 wells. The cells of the 3 wells corresponding to each transfected DNA are combined after 48 hours of incubation. Each cell pellet is lysed with 600 ⁇ l of RLT buffer (Promega) plus 6 ⁇ l of ⁇ -mercaptoethanol. The RNAs are extracted on RNeasy Mini Kit columns (Promega) according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
- RNA For reverse transcription, 3 ⁇ g of RNA are treated with DNasel (DNasel amplification grade, Life Technologies) for 15 minutes at 30 ° C then the enzyme is inactivated for 10 minutes at 65 ° C in the presence of EDTA.
- DNasel DNasel amplification grade, Life Technologies
- the effectiveness of the DNase treatment is controlled by the absence of amplification of a fragment using a PCR carried out on 1 ⁇ l of the reaction product.
- the primers used are the same as those used for RT-PCR and are specific for the Iuc + gene sequence.
- the reverse transcription reaction is then carried out in a total volume of 30 ⁇ l in the presence of 0.1 millimolar (mM) of oligo (dT).
- the reaction is carried out in a total volume of 25 ⁇ l containing 1 ⁇ l of a 1/10, 1/50, 1/100, 1/250 or 1/500 dilution of the product of the reverse transcription, 25 pmol of each primer, 200 mM of each deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate and 1 unit of Taq polymerase (Promega).
- the incubation conditions are as follows: 5 minutes of denaturation at 95 ° C, 30 cycles consisting of 30 seconds of denaturation at 94 ° C, 30 seconds of hybridization at 58 ° C and 1 minute of extension at 72 ° C then, after the 30 cycles, 5 minutes of final elongation at 72 ° C.
- the amplifiers are visualized under UV light after electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel in TAE IX buffer (Tris acetate 0.04 M, 2 mM EDTA) and staining with ethidium bromide. • The intensity of the bands is estimated using the quantification software • Gel Analyst (Iconix).
- luciferase activity of the constructs (Firefly luciferase) on luciferase activity of the control vector pRL-TK (Renilla luciferase), make it possible to compare the capacity for activation of transcription by the different DNA fragments tested.
- a reference value of 1 is assigned to the ratio measured for clone 1 which corresponds to the entire sequence studied.
- the values corresponding to the relative transcriptional activities determined in cells 143B (human origin) and C2C12 (murine origin) are presented in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The results obtained with normal human fibroblasts are qualitatively identical to those obtained with 143B cells, but are not presented in this document.
- the comparison of clones 1 and 3 (FIG. 4) reveals two important data: on the one hand the presence of powerful transcription activators in the 5 ′ region constituted by the first 2081 bp, on the other hand the presence of a or several inhibitory elements in the 3 'part (1238 bp). Indeed, in human cells, the activity measured with clone 3 is approximately 30 times greater than that measured with clone 1. (approximately 40 times greater in murine cells).
- the promoter force of the insert of clone 3 is very important since it is comparable to that measured for the vector pGL3-control (Promega) in which the transcription of the luc + gene is controlled by the viral promoter SV40 associated with an enhancer element ( "Enhancer”) SV40.
- the insert of clone 3 consists of the 3 'end of the ALDH7 gene, the intergene region, the first exon of the NDUFS8 gene and the first 119 bases of the first intron.
- Analysis of clone 9 shows that the 3 ′ region of 1238 bp is not capable of activating the transcription of the luc + gene. This result is explained by the fact that in this construction the transcription initiation site of the NDUFS8 gene, located in the inserts of clones 5 and 26, is absent.
- Constructions were carried out in order to extend the 3 ′ end downstream of the minimal active region to determine which elements were responsible for the reduction in the promoter activity between clone 3 (very active) and clone 1 (not very active) .
- the lengthening of the 3 'region leads to a gradual decrease in transcriptional activity ( Figure 8)
- Figure 8 As shown in the graphs of Figures 9a and 9b, the decrease in luciferase activity measured with clones 42, 31, 43, 7 and 1 is linear and proportional to the size of the 3 'sequence of exon 1.
- Quantification of the luc + gene mRNA This test was carried out in order to check that the enzymatic activities measured were well correlated with the ability of the sequences studied to activate transcription. Indeed, it could be envisaged that the presence of fragments of an intronic sequence in certain constructions could be at the origin of an alternative splicing phenomenon involving the luc + gene and disturbing the functioning of the enzyme rather than the transcription activity. A phenomenon of this type could explain the decrease in activity measured during the increase in the size of the intronic sequence. It was therefore important to check whether the production of mRNAs by the constructions was stimulated or reduced according to the activities measured in order to eliminate artifacts related to translation disruption.
- the mRNAs were amplified by RT-PCR using primers which hybridize in the sequence of the luc + gene. These amplifications - were carried out from cells transfected either with clone 1 or with clone 3. The products of RT-PCR reactions are visualized under UV light after electrophoretic migration in an agarose gel in the presence ethidium bromide. The intensity of the bands is estimated using one . quantification software. The results are presented in FIG. 10.
- the results therefore present .
- the first corresponds to the demonstration of a human genomic DNA sequence of reduced size having a transcription activation capacity equivalent to that of a strong viral promoter system constituted by the promoter of the SV40 virus associated with an element. SV40 amplifier (pGL3-control vector, Promega).
- the second is the possibility of reducing the activity of this promoter, almost at will, as a function of the size of the DNA fragment positioned between the promoter fragment and the gene of interest to be expressed.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01960836A EP1305403A2 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-25 | Element d'adn promoteur de l'activite de transcription, actif dans les cellules humaines et methode generale pour en ajuster l'activite |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR00/10007 | 2000-07-28 | ||
| FR0010007A FR2812305B1 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2000-07-28 | Element d'adn promoteur de l'activite de transcription, actif dans les cellules humaines et methode generale pour en ajuster l'activite |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002010334A2 true WO2002010334A2 (fr) | 2002-02-07 |
| WO2002010334A3 WO2002010334A3 (fr) | 2002-04-18 |
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| PCT/FR2001/002438 WO2002010334A2 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-25 | Element d'adn promoteur de l'activite de transcription, actif dans les cellules humaines et methode generale pour en ajuster l'activite |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP1305403A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2812305B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002010334A2 (fr) |
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| WO1995028490A1 (fr) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-10-26 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Vecteur d'expression contenant un promoteur non viral |
| EP1053319A2 (fr) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-11-22 | Chiron Corporation | Genes humains et expression de produits genetiques ii |
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- 2000-07-28 FR FR0010007A patent/FR2812305B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-07-25 EP EP01960836A patent/EP1305403A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR2812305A1 (fr) | 2002-02-01 |
| EP1305403A2 (fr) | 2003-05-02 |
| FR2812305B1 (fr) | 2005-01-07 |
| WO2002010334A3 (fr) | 2002-04-18 |
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