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WO2002000034A1 - Modification de la production laitiere et des composants du lait - Google Patents

Modification de la production laitiere et des composants du lait Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002000034A1
WO2002000034A1 PCT/NZ2001/000123 NZ0100123W WO0200034A1 WO 2002000034 A1 WO2002000034 A1 WO 2002000034A1 NZ 0100123 W NZ0100123 W NZ 0100123W WO 0200034 A1 WO0200034 A1 WO 0200034A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milk
cla
diet
compound
yield
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Ceased
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PCT/NZ2001/000123
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English (en)
Inventor
Tim Mackle
Dale E. Bauman
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Priority to AU6796001A priority Critical patent/AU6796001A/xx
Priority to AU2001267960A priority patent/AU2001267960B2/en
Publication of WO2002000034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002000034A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/20—Dietetic milk products not covered by groups A23C9/12 - A23C9/18
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23C2230/00—Aspects relating to animal feed or genotype
    • A23C2230/10—Animal milk with modified composition due to a specific feed

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to the field of altering the concentration and yield of milk protein produced by a pasture-fed lactating mammal. This invention also relates to a method of increasing milk yield produced from a pasture fed lactating mammal.
  • Milk contains, among other things, fats, proteins (casein and a variety of other proteins such as beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulins), salts, sugar (e.g. lactose), and various vitamins (e.g. vitamins A, C, D and some B vitamins) and minerals (primarily calcium and phosphorus).
  • proteins casein and a variety of other proteins such as beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulins
  • salts e.g. lactose
  • sugar e.g. lactose
  • vitamins e.g. vitamins A, C, D and some B vitamins
  • minerals primarily calcium and phosphorus
  • milk protein is a desired component of milk it is desirable to have milk that is high in such protein.
  • composition and yield of milk produced from lactating mammals varies with species, breed, condition of the mammal from which milk is obtained and feed. Often the feed of a lactating mammal will be either supplemented with an additional feed source or designed specifically to ensure that the lactating mammal produces the desired yield of milk. It is also known in the art that feed supplements can alter the proportions of the various components of milk.
  • MFD milk fat depression
  • TFA trans fatty acids
  • Pennington and Davis (1975) further proposed that TFA were involved in MFD during feeding of both high concentrate diets and diets containing polyunsaturated oils.
  • TFA produced in the rumen or added to the diet were associated with MFD in cows, goats and mice (Astrup et al. 1976; Seiner and Schultz, 1980; Teter et al. 1990; Wonsil et al. 1994; Gaynor et al. 1994; Romo et al. 1996).
  • the majority of these studies used partially hydrogenated vegetable oils as the dietary source of TFA and authors conclude that TFA caused the MFD.
  • CLA and TFA are two such interrelated fatty acid groups, which are naturally occurring and are produced through rurninal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet (Griinari and Bauman et al. 1999).
  • the '115 patent describes a method of reducing milk fat concentration from milk produced by ruminants and enhancing milk yield from ruminants is described.
  • the method involves administration of trans-fatty acids to ruminants. No distinction is made in this patent between specific trans-fatty acid isomers.
  • CLA is reported to have beneficial health effects in monogastric animal models including anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antiobesity and antithrombotic properties ( Ip et al. 1999; Pariza et al. 2000). Chouinard et al. (1999a) also found that post-ruminal infusion of CLA dramatically reduced milkfat concentration and yield in lactating dairy cows. This study used a commercial source of CLA, which contained a number of CLA isomers, consisting mainly of cis/trans-9, 11, c/t-8, 10, c/t-10, 12, and c/t-11, 13 forms. Both the concentration and yield of milk fat were decreased by ⁇ 50% following infusion of just 50 g of CLA-60 per day.
  • mice, rats and pigs and the factors which lead to MFD have been described as 'anti-fat synthesis' (Bauman et al. 1998).
  • the t/c-10, 12 C18:l isomer is thought to be the active isomer reducing fat synthesis and increasing muscle accretion in mice (Park et al. 1999a and b).
  • the specific CLA isomer responsible for inhibiting milk fat synthesis in dairy cows has also been identified as the t/c-10, 12 isomer by Dr. Bauman and co-workers at Cornell University (Baumgard et al. 2000; Baumgard et al. 2001).
  • the '66922 invention describes a method of decreasing milk fat content in milk and increasing the percentage of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in milk. This is achieved by administering to a lactating mammal an effective amount of a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) sufficient to decrease the fat content of milk produced by the lactating mammal and increase the content of CLA isomers in the milk.
  • CLA conjugated linoleic acid
  • the CLA needs to be in a form that allows it to bypass the initial digestive processes or rumen bacterial fermentation.
  • Lactating dairy cows are used as examples in the '66922 invention. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) diet. Accordingly, all the nutritional requirements of these cows would have been met.
  • Cows fed a 100% pasture diet are usually not provided with optimum levels of nutrients (especially those used to produce energy) to achieve potential milk yield and milk protein concentration and yield (Kolver and Muller, 1998).
  • concentration and yield of milk protein and milk yield are usually increased in response to the provision of additional energy providing nutrients (Thomas, 1980; Sutton, 1989; Mackle and Bauman, 1998). This is because milk yield and milk protein concentration and yield are most highly correlated with energy intake (Emery, 1978; Sporndly, 1989).
  • the energy conserved through MFD is directed to increased protein yield or concentration or increased milk yield.
  • the energy conserved could also be directed to maintaining milk yield or milk protein concentration or yield while reducing nutrient intake.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of increasing the milk yield or increasing milk protein concentration or yield for dairy cows fed a predominantly pasture diet, or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
  • the present invention provides a method of increasing the yield of milk protein in milk produced from a lactating mammal said mammal having a diet that does not meet its nutritional requirements said method comprising administering to a lactating mammal a compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • the present invention provides a method increasing the concentration of milk protein in milk produced from a lactating mammal said mammal having a diet that does not meet its nutritional requirements said method comprising administering to a lactating mammal a compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • the present invention provides a method of increasing the yield of milk produced from a lactating mammal said mammal having a diet that does not meet its nutritional requirements said method comprising administering to a lactating mammal a compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • the present invention provides a method of maintaining milk yield or maintaining milk protein yield or maintaining milk protein concentration while reducing the nutrient intake of a lactating mammal comprising administering to a lactating mammal a compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • the diet does not meet the nutritional requirements of the lactating mammal because sufficient quantities of a component of the diet that assists in the production of energy or protein or is metabolised to produce energy or protein is not available.
  • the diet is a predominantly pasture diet.
  • said diet is a mixed ration diet or insufficient quantities of a TMR diet.
  • the lactating mammal is a ruminant. More preferably the lactating mammal is a bovine cow, a sheep, or a goat.
  • milk fat synthesis is suppressed by providing the lactating mammal with a diet that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • a diet that suppresses milk fat synthesis.
  • Such diets are known to those skilled in the art.
  • a number of edible oils for example plant fats and oils, tallow, grease or lard can also be used to suppress milk fat synthesis.
  • said compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis is an edible oil or a derivative thereof. More preferably said compound is a vegetable oil or a derivative thereof. Still more preferably said compound is a trans-fatty acid or a salt or ester thereof. Alternatively, preferably, said compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis is a CLA formulation. More preferably said compound is selected from the group of conjugated linoleic acid isomers consisting of: a) cis/trans 8,10 linoleic acid; b) cis/trans 11,13 linoleic acid; c) cis/trans 10,12 linoleic acid; and d) a mixture of at least two of the above compounds.
  • said compound is cis/trans 10, 12 CLA, or a salt or ester thereof.
  • said compound is cis/trans 8, 10 CLA, or a salt or ester thereof.
  • the CLA or salt or ester thereof is administered to a ruminant and is administered in a form such that said CLA or salt or ester thereof is bioavailable in the abomasum or the small intestine.
  • the mammal is a ruminant and the CLA is administered alimentarily, preferably the CLA is in a form protected from ruminal bacterial fermentation.
  • the present invention provides milk produced by a mammal that has had a method of the present invention applied to it.
  • Such milk can be obtained by milking the mammal, which will be well known to those skilled in the art. It will also be well known to those skilled in the art that such milk can be processed into a multitude of products.
  • the present invention therefore also related to products derived from milk produced by a mammal that has had a method of the present invention applied to it.
  • FIG 1 Temporal pattern of milk fat concentration (lower panel) and yield (upper panel) across 11 -day period.” Abomasal infusion of CLA-60 was performed at either 0 (o), 2G ( ⁇ ) , 40 ( ⁇ ) or 80 (•) g/d from days 0-4 (shown by dashed lines). Values are means of four cows.
  • FIG. 2 Temporal pattern of milk yield across 11 -day period. Abomasal infusion of CLA-60 was performed at either 0 (o), 20(*) , 40 ( ⁇ ) or 80 (•) g/d from days 0-4 (shown by dashed lines). Values are means of four cows.
  • FIG. 3 Temporal pattern of milk fat concentration (lower panel) and yield (upper panel). Twice- daily abomasal infusion of CLA-60 was performed at either 0 g/d for restricted (•) and ad Ubitum ( ⁇ ) allowance or 50 g/d for restricted (o) and ad libitum ( ⁇ ) allowances, from days 0-10 (shown by dashed lines). "Values are means of 6 cows for restricted group and 5 cows for ad libitum groups.
  • FIG. 4 Temporal pattern of milk protein concentration for cows offered ad libitum (lower panel) or restricted (upper panel) allowances. Twice-daily abomasal infusion of CLA-60 was performed at either 0 g/d for restricted (•) and ad libitum (A) allowance or 50 g/d for restricted (o) and ad libitum ( ⁇ ) allowances, from days 0-10 (shown by dashed lines). Values are means of 6 cows for restricted group and 5 cows for ad libitum groups.
  • FIG 5 Temporal pattern of milk fat concentration across an 8-week period. Supplementation with rumen-protected CLA was performed at either 0 or control (O), medium (•), or high ( ⁇ ) dose rates from weeks 1-6 (shown by dashed lines). Week 0 was a pre-experiment covariate where all cows received no treatment and weeks 7 and 8 were washout periods after treatments had ceased. Values are means of 12 cows per treatment group for control group and 11 cows per treatment group for the medium and high CLA dose rates. Error bars show the least significant difference (lsd) values, thus, demonstrating significant differences.
  • FIG 6 Temporal pattern of milk fat yield across an 8-week period. Supplementation with rumen-protected CLA was performed at either 0 or control (O), medium (•), or high ( ⁇ ) dose rates from weeks 1-6 (shown by dashed lines). Week 0 was a pre-experiment covariate where all cows received no treatment and weeks 7 and 8 were washout periods after treatments had ceased. Values are means of 12 cows per treatment group for control group and 11 cows per treatment group for the medium and high CLA dose rates. Error bars show the least significant difference (lsd) values, thus, demonstrating significant differences.
  • FIG 7 Temporal pattern of milk yield across an 8-week period. Supplementation with rumen- protected CLA was performed at either 0 or control (O), medium (•), or high ( ⁇ ) dose rates from weeks 1-6 (shown by dashed lines). Week 0 was a pre-experiment covariate where all cows received no treatment and weeks 7 and 8 were washout periods after treatments had ceased. Values are means of 12 cows per treatment group for control group and 11 cows per treatment group for the medium and high CLA dose rates. Error bars show the least significant difference (lsd) values, thus, demonstrating significant differences.
  • FIG 8 Temporal pattern of milk protein yield across an 8-week period. Supplementation with rumen-protected CLA was performed at either 0 or control (O), medium (•), or high ( ⁇ ) dose rates from weeks 1-6 (shown by dashed lines). Week 0 was a pre-experiment covariate where all cows received no treatment and weeks 7 and 8 were washout periods after treatments had ceased.
  • Values are means of 12 cows per treatment group for control group and 11 cows per treatment group for the medium and high CLA dose rates. Error bars show the least significant difference (lsd) values, thus, demonstrating significant differences.
  • FIG 9 Temporal pattern of milk protein concentration across an 8-week period. Supplementation with rumen-protected CLA was performed at either 0 or control (O), medium (•), or high ( ⁇ ) dose rates from weeks 1-6 (shown by dashed lines). Week 0 was a pre- experiment covariate where all cows received no treatment and weeks 7 and 8 were washout periods after treatments had ceased. Values are means of 12 cows per treatment group for control group and 11 cows per treatment group for the medium and high CLA dose rates. Error bars show the least significant difference (lsd) values, thus, demonstrating significant differences. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Predominantly pasture diet as used herein means a diet that consists of at least 50% pasture herbage.
  • the diet may or may not contain a feed supplement, provided the feed supplement when in combination with the pasture diet, does not meet all the nutritional requirements of the mammal.
  • Protected CLA fonnulation as used herein means any CLA supplement that is protected from rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation but is bioavailable in the abomasum or small intestine.
  • Maintaining milk yield or “maintaining milk protein yield” or “maintaining milk protein concentration” as used herein includes minimising the reduction of yield or concentration.
  • Mated ration diet as used herein means a diet comprising a mixture of foodstuffs (as a TMR diet would have) only the diet is lacking in a certain food group, vitamin or mineral such that it does not meet the nutritional requirements of the animal.
  • a diet may fail to meet the nutritional requirements if it is not of a sufficient quality, or alternatively the quality of the diet may be adequate for nutritional requirements but the quantity may not be.
  • a cow directs a significant portion of its energy towards producing milk during lactation. After a long period of lactation its body condition will be the poorer for it. Because of this the lactation period is usually shortened to prevent excess deterioration on body condition. It is anticipated that the use of a compound that suppresses milk fat synthesis will reduce the amount of energy required for milk production and therefore reduce the impact of milk production on body condition. As a result it would be possible to milk cows for a longer duration.
  • cis/trans indicates molecule has one cis and one trans double bond (e.g. cis-10, trans-12 or trans-10, cis- 12 CLA)
  • CLA-60 commercially available CLA product
  • the CLA was infused directly into the abomasum continuously (over a 4 day period) which avoids bacterial fermentation of CLA in the rumen and its subsequent breakdown.
  • cows will be fed or dosed orally with a rumen-protected CLA supplement, which is coated to escape breakdown by rumen bacteria and pass through directly into the abomasum or small intestine.
  • the CLA-60 mixture contains approximately 60% CLA with the four major isomers being cis/trans 8,10, cis/trans 9,11, cis/trans 10,12, cis/trans 11,13 (Table 1).
  • Cows were given a diet consisting of 100% pasture. The allowance was generous but not quite ad libitum. The diet would not have met the nutritional requirements of the cows due to the inability of a cow to consume optimum dry matter intake from a feed source comprising 82% water, which was the water content of the pasture.
  • the experiment was conducted early-mid lactation cycle at the commencement of the experiment, cows were an average of 80 ⁇ 2 days in milk.
  • example 2 the effects of reducing milk fat yield when cows are offered a diet consisting solely of pasture at either ad libitum or restricted allowance, on milk production (yield of milk and protein and concentration of protein) was examined (Table 3). It was hypothesised that reducing energy expenditure by decreasing milk fat production would provide the underfed cow (restricted allowance) with additional energy for milk yield, milk protein yield and body fat accretion. Dairy cows are often exposed to periods of underfeeding in pasture-based dairying systems. Under these conditions, the provision of additional energy from reduced milk fat synthesis may spare glucogenic amino acids and allow a greater supply for milk protein synthesis.
  • Milk protein yield was increased by 36 g/d (+9 %) for cows offered restricted allowance (Table 3).
  • the protein to fat ratio was increased by CLA infusion for both cows offered ad lib and restricted allowances. The experiment was conducted during late lactation cycle.
  • FIG. 5 An experiment was conducted to examine the long-term effects of 3 levels of rumen-protected CLA supplement (0, medium or high dose; fatty acid composition as described in Table 1) on dairy cow milk production ( Figures 5-9).
  • the figures ( Figures 5-9) show selected milk production variables for the 6 week treatment period (weeks 1-6), which were preceded by the pre-experimental covariate period (week 0) and followed by 2 weeks after treatment ceased (weeks 7 and 8). Cows were given a diet of 100% pasture. The allowance was generous but not quite ad libitum. The diet would not have met the nutritional requirements of the cows due to the inability of a cow to consume optimum dry matter intake from a feed source comprising 80-87% water, which was the water content of the pasture.
  • the CLA supplement was fed once a day.
  • the dosage rate was 165g of CLA-60 per day for high dose and 82.5g per day for low dose from week 1 to the end of week 3. From weeks 4 to 6 the dose rate was 1 lOg of CLA-60 per day for high dose and 55g per day for low dose.
  • the cows were an average of 40 days in milk (i.e. early lactation cycle) at the commencement of the trial.
  • Results show a significant reduction in milk fat concenfration (17-19 %) in each of the 6 weeks of treatment by supplementation of both medium and high dose of rumen-protected CLA (Figure 5).
  • Corresponding data for milk fat yield show a significant decrease ( ⁇ 10 %) across the first 5 of the 6 treatment weeks ( Figure 6).
  • Milk yield was increased by an average of 9 and 12% for the medium and high CLA dose rates, respectively, across the entire 6-week treatment period ( Figure 7). Milk protein yield also increased following both medium and high CLA supplementation by an average of 5 and 7%, respectively, in all but week 5 of the 6-week treatment period.
  • Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows. J. Nutr. 129:1579-1584.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'accroissement du rendement en protéines de lait, dans le lait produit par un mammifère en lactation, ainsi qu'un procédé consistant à augmenter la teneur en protéines du lait dans du lait produit par un mammifère en lactation et à maintenir le rendement en lait ou la teneur en protéines du lait, ou le rendement, tout en réduisant la ration de nutriment, ledit mammifère étant soumis à un régime ne satisfaisant pas ses besoins nutritionnels; le procédé de l'invention consiste à administrer à un mammifère en lactation un composé qui supprime la synthèse de la graisse du lait, l'acide linoléique conjugué constituant le composé préféré de l'invention pour supprimer la graisse de lait.
PCT/NZ2001/000123 2000-06-28 2001-06-26 Modification de la production laitiere et des composants du lait Ceased WO2002000034A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU6796001A AU6796001A (en) 2000-06-28 2001-06-26 Altering milk production and milk components
AU2001267960A AU2001267960B2 (en) 2000-06-28 2001-06-26 Altering milk production and milk components

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ505449A NZ505449A (en) 2000-06-28 2000-06-28 A method for increasing or maintaining the yield or concentration of milk protein or milk from a lactating mammal by administering to the mammal a compound that supresses milk fat synthesis
NZ505449 2000-06-28

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WO2002000034A1 true WO2002000034A1 (fr) 2002-01-03

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AR (1) AR029691A1 (fr)
AU (2) AU6796001A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ505449A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002000034A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004098312A1 (fr) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-18 Norel Acquisition Corp. Sels de calcium d'acides gras trans et polyunsatures pour la digestion ruminale
WO2008066380A3 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2008-07-17 Friesland Brands Bv Procédé destiné à préparer des huiles en poudre

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KELLY ET AL.: "Dietary fatty acid sources affect conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk from lactating dairy cows", JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, vol. 128, no. 5, 1998, pages 881 - 885 *
SCHINGOETHE ET AL.: "Lactational responses of dairy cows fed unsaturated fat from extruded soybeans or sunflower seeds", JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, vol. 79, 1996, pages 1244 - 1249 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004098312A1 (fr) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-18 Norel Acquisition Corp. Sels de calcium d'acides gras trans et polyunsatures pour la digestion ruminale
US6998496B2 (en) 2003-05-06 2006-02-14 Virtus Nutrition Llc Rumen bypass calcium salts of trans and polyunsaturated fatty acids
JP2007526346A (ja) * 2003-05-06 2007-09-13 ノレル　アクイジション　コーポレイション トランスおよび多価不飽和脂肪酸の第一胃バイパスカルシウム塩
WO2008066380A3 (fr) * 2006-11-27 2008-07-17 Friesland Brands Bv Procédé destiné à préparer des huiles en poudre

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NZ505449A (en) 2003-01-31
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AR029691A1 (es) 2003-07-10

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