WO2002099202A1 - Hydroelectric power generating method - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydroelectric power generating method wherein during hydroelectric power generation, water is fed to the water wheel of an electric power station through a conduit pipe (1a) for electric power generation and the earth and sand and organic matter flowing down into a dam lake are discharged by being sucked through the intake ports of an intake pipe (1c) and branch pipe. The intake pipe (1c) is composed of a plurality of pipes connected by flexible pipe joints and the intake port at the front end of each pipe is movable to every corner of the lake bottom. The inner surface of each pipe is lined with a lining tube in the form of a tube of soft rubber having a colored urethane rubber layer placed on the outer peripheral surface of the tube. If the soft rubber wears out to expose the urethane rubber layer, preparations are made for replacement of the lining and the lining alone is replaced. The life of the intake pipes is extended forever, and the gravel can be conveyed to a plain by flow while generating hydroelectric power without using an enormous amount of energy. And, since the intrinsic functions of a dam, including hydroelectric power generation, pumped-storage power generation, flood prevention, irrigation, soil erosion control, and securement of regular courses for fish, can be maintained forever, the method is nature-friendly and safe and is very economically useful.

Description

 Description Hydropower generation method

Background art

a) Field of the invention

 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a natural environment-friendly, safe, and economically advantageous hydroelectric power generation method that can permanently maintain hydroelectric power, pumped-storage power generation, flood protection, water use, sabo control, fishway security, and the like.

b) Description of the prior art

 In conventional large-scale dam hydropower, the sediment flowing down the lake dam sediments, and the amount of stored water decreases year by year.Therefore, various functions such as power regulation, flood protection, water use, pumping power generation, and sabo control decrease year by year. . Dams also block the flow of organic matter, break the food chain and destroy ecosystems. That is, eutrophication of dam lakes, frequent occurrence of plant blank tons, emission of odors such as mold odor, generation of carcinogenic substance trihalomethane, and deterioration of tap water quality. It also undermines the lower reaches of the dam, drastically reduces plankton, sharply reduces the amount of seafood that feeds on it, and reduces coastal fishing.

 Large-scale dams have submerged vast forests, agricultural lands, and residential areas, depriving the basin residents of their livelihood. This has led to strong opposition from watershed residents and environmental protection groups, making the construction of large-scale dams extremely difficult in the future.

On the other hand, small dams are buried in lakes in a few years, and their functions of power regulation, flood protection, water use, and sabo are lost in a short period of time. It is released without being used for power generation. This is a factor that raises the cost of power generation, and the cost of power generation is higher than 30 yen / KWh and 6 yen / KWh for oil-fired power generation, which is an obstacle to development. Also, when dams are constructed, the flow of sediment to the coast is hindered, and worldwide Coastal erosion is occurring on the ground.

 In the United States and other countries, there is a movement to destroy large-scale dams filled with sediment and restore rivers to their original condition. Dams have prevented migration of migratory fish and have significantly reduced their populations.

 Many sabo dams have been constructed to prevent debris flow disasters, but they have been buried in sediment in several years and have lost their function. As a result, debris flows over the sabo dam upstream of the sabo dam buried in sediment, attacking settlements and causing many lives in many parts of the world.

 Therefore, the inventor proposed “dam construction method and hydroelectric power generation method” to solve these problems in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-265600. Unresolved issues such as

 (1) Sediment and organic matter are taken in preferentially by an intake pipe protruding upstream of the dam lake and flow downstream, and the riverbed upstream of the dam lake is deeply dredged. It is necessary to maximize the water storage efficiency QZV (Q: water storage volume, V: dam volume).

 However, boulders of various sizes are scattered and buried in the riverbed. If boulders are sucked, the flow velocity in the water pipe will be significantly reduced and clogging may occur in the intake pipe, water pipe, and sand discharge pipe.

 (2) During torrential downpour, a large amount of boulders may flow from the ground to the dam lake, and the boulders may bury the water pipe or be sucked into the water pipe.

 (3) Most large-scale dams are multipurpose dams, but very few dams fully fulfill multipurpose functions. There are only a few dams that can store all the floods from the upper reaches, and most of them are limited water level or pre-discharge type.

The restricted water level method is to release water during the period when floods are expected to occur, lower the storage level to a certain level, and secure sufficient capacity to control floods. It is a method. This release is an ineffective release and has a negative effect from both sides of hydropower generation and water use.

 On the other hand, preliminary discharge is a method in which when water is expected to flow out, the water is released in a short time to lower the water level. This release is also an invalid release, which has a negative effect on both hydropower and water use. Also, during the flood, a large amount of wastewater is released by the peak cut method, and there is a problem that the flow rate does not decrease when it is desired to reduce the flow rate in the downstream. Unless it is a very large flood control dam, it is not possible to have a full-fledged control system that stores the entire amount of flood water.

 (4) In the Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-0-366 2 631, the inventor made most of the gravel to be separated in the process of flowing down the water pipe by making the long straight water pipe function as a sand basin. A simple sand and gravel separator was proposed, in which the stream was swept into the sand drainage pipe on the extension of the water pipe with inertia force, the supernatant was branched, and water was guided to the water turbine.

 This prior proposal is considered appropriate when the flow velocity hitting the turbine due to low head is low. From the wear data of various turbines, the grain size of the gravel to be separated from the low head turbine is 1 mm or more, the sedimentation velocity of the still water of that grain size is 1 O cm Z seconds, and the gravel of 1 mm or more is Since it is in a sweeping state during transport, it can be separated by this simple type of gravel separator. However, in the middle and large heads, a large amount of sand flows in a floating state, and the gravel cannot be separated sufficiently.

 (5) In nuclear power, wind power, geothermal power, or solar power generation, power generation equipment cannot adjust output to fluctuations in power demand, and a large amount of surplus power is generated during off-peak hours. Appropriate sites for pumped storage power plants that utilize the surplus power are dead.

(6) Eutrophication of the dam lake has caused abnormal occurrence of vegetation blank tonnes, causing filtration problems at the water purification plant and offensive odor problems in the tap water. This is because organic matter (sludge) deposited on the bottom of the dam lake is decomposed and a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus is supplied to the lake water, and phytoplankton Is abnormally occurring.

 (7) The concentration of methane at the mouth of the carcinogen triha in tap water is on the rise and is a problem. It is caused by the metabolism of algae in raw tap water. ■ Organic substances such as decomposition products are the causative substances, and are produced in response to chlorine added at water treatment plants. The causative substances such as metabolites and decomposed substances having trihalomethane-producing ability are not decomposed in a short period of time and accumulate.

 Therefore, dam lakes, which have a large storage capacity compared to the inflow water, are likely to increase the trihalomethane production capacity of the lake water by accumulating decomposition products of algae. Factors that determine the trihalomethane production capacity of dam lake water are the degree of algae growth and water turnover.

 As a countermeasure, in addition to actively sucking and discharging sludge from the dam lake at the time of hydroelectric power generation with a water pipe, preventing eutrophication and preventing abnormal occurrence of algae, the lake water flows and the surface layer To make good contact with the soil. It is considered that the soil has the ability to remove humic substances in the water because the groundwater does not contain trihalomethane-causing substances.

By the way, the construction cost of the dam increases in proportion to the cube of the bank height. For example, comparing a large dam with a bank height of 150 m and a dam with a bank height of 20 m, (150 2 0) ³ = 4 2 2, that is, the cost of building one large dam with a height of 150 m is almost the same as the cost of building a small dam with a height of 20 m of 422 .

 However, in conventional small-scale dams, the dam lake is buried in a short period of time due to the flowing sediment, so the amount of water that can be generated is only the amount of water during the 渴 flood season, and the amount of water during the flood season and during the flood is invalidated. This is a factor that increases power generation costs.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the power generation system using a conventional dam including such a small-scale dam, and the object thereof is to use a large amount of energy without using a huge amount of energy. Sand while hydropower The gravel can be transported to the plain and the permanent functions of the dam, such as hydroelectric power, pumped-storage power, flood protection, water use, sabo, and fishway access, can be maintained forever. To propose a new hydropower method.

Disclosure of the invention

 Therefore, as a result of earnest research to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventor has come up with an invention having the following content as a summary. That is,

 The present invention provides an intake pipe extending upstream from the dam dam at the bottom of the dam lake, an intake port at the tip thereof, and a plurality of branch pipes along the bottom of the dam lake in the middle of the intake pipe. At the same time, a water intake is provided at the tip of the water intake, and a water intake pipe is connected to the water intake pipe through a drain valve, and is provided downstream of the dam dam and connected to a turbine of the power plant. At the time of power generation, there is a hydroelectric power generation method in which water is supplied from a water pipe to a turbine of a power plant to generate electricity, and sediment and organic substances flowing down to a dam lake are sucked and discharged from intakes of water pipes and branch pipes.

 The water intake pipe is composed of a plurality of pipes connected via flexible pipe joints, and the water intake at the tip of each pipe can be moved to every corner of the lake bottom, and the inner surface of each pipe is formed. Lining with a lining tube with a colored urethane rubber layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of a soft rubber tube. When the soft rubber wears and the urethane rubber layer is exposed, prepare the lining replacement and replace only the lining. This is a hydroelectric power generation method characterized by making the service life of an intake pipe permanent.

In other words, as shown in Fig. 1, sediment and organic matter flowing down from the upstream are sucked and discharged from the intake 22a of the water pipe 1c and the intake 22b of the branch pipe, and no sediment or organic matter is stored in the dam lake. Even small-scale dams can permanently perform functions such as power regulation, flood protection, water use, and sabo control, and deeply dredge the riverbed 4 upstream of the dam so that the horizontal bottom of the lake has a reverse slope. Efficiency QZV (Q: water storage, V: dam volume) It is a hydropower method that maximizes the effect.

 In Fig. 1, the sediment sucked into the intake pipe 1c is allowed to merge with the large-diameter water pipe 1a (usually 3m) through the drain valve 21 and is connected to many other dams and water pipes. The water will be led to the power plant by joint use.

 As can be seen from the monthly discharge curve of a river, as shown in Figure 6, the conventional small-scale dam can use only 1/3 of the total water volume during the 渴 flood season, On the other hand, according to the present invention, by simply connecting the intake pipe provided at the bottom of the dam to the water pipe through the drain valve, the head becomes several times (m times) and the flow rate becomes 3 Therefore, the power generation will be 3 xm times and the power generation efficiency QH / V (H: head) can be maximized.

 Attach a float tank 23 to the water intake 22 a and the branch 22 b of the water intake pipe to suck and discharge all the soil and organic matter from the dam lake to every corner. Compressed air is sent to the inside to float, and compressed air is injected, changing its position and submerging it at the sediment accumulation position. These operations are performed by computer control and remote operation. To facilitate this movement, the intake pipe 1c and the branch pipes are connected by flexible steel pipe joints as described later.

 Before the construction of the dam, the boulders buried in the riverbed 4 and the bottom of the dam lake were dug up before the construction of the dam, and crushed with a crusher to the size of gravel (up to 60 mm). It is desirable to be easily sucked into the intake pipe or fixed with cement.

 The relationship between the grain size d (m) of the gravel and the starting velocity V c (m / sec) at which the gravel starts flowing due to the flow velocity is expressed by the following equation.

V c = 4.0 .0 (d) ^1/2

For example, if the diameter of gravel is 60 mm, V c is 1.0 ms. When moving away from the intake, the flow velocity decreases in inverse proportion to the cube of the distance, but for gravel with a diameter of 60 mm or less, even if it is some distance from the intake 22 Suction is possible, and there is no risk of clogging in the water pipe 1, and it can flow down with a small flow resistance and can be transported to the gravel accumulation site. When such gravel is sent to the gravel accumulation site, it can be used for concrete aggregate only by sieving.

 In the above-mentioned hydroelectric power generation method, a fish pool is set up on the downstream side of the dam dam, and a submerged fishway is established from the fish pool to the dam lake. When the water reaches a water level H1 or more that can go upstream, the reservoir of the dam lake is opened through the diverter valve and drained into the water pipe, and the water level that goes up to the fish collection pool is lost. At the same time as the water level H2 is used up until the water level difference Δh that can go up through the hole fishway reaches H2, the sluice of the submerged fishway is opened, and the fish in the fish-collecting pool goes up and the water level difference Δh becomes It is desirable to close the sluice gate of the cave fishway when it reaches zero.

 In other words, as shown in Fig. 1, the fish that have gone upstream to the fish collection pool (secondary dam) 25c downstream of the dam embankment pass through the cave fishway 26c to the dam lake. .

 Therefore, at the time of hydropower generation, the water is used up to the predetermined water level H2. The predetermined water level H 2 is the water level difference Δh at which the migratory fish coming upstream from the fish collection pool (secondary dam) installed downstream of the dam dam can travel upstream through the submerged fishway. It is usually 0.2 m. The maximum velocity V o in the cave fishway at that time can be obtained by the following equation, where g is the acceleration of gravity and Δh is the head.

V o = (2 g-A h) ^1/2

Here, the head of A h is the difference between the water level of the dam and the water level of the fish collection pool. Therefore, H2 is the water level higher than the water level of the fish collection pool (secondary dam) by Δh calculated by the above equation. If h is 0.2 m and the sluice of the cave fishway is opened, the maximum velocity V o in the cave fishway will be 2 m / sec. When a migratory fish goes up the fishway, it goes up at the lunge speed of the fish. Its rush speed is (10 times the length of the fish) / sec. However, the charge speed is 6 seconds Or can't last. The long-lasting cruising speed is 2 to 4 times the length of the fish per second. Therefore, the flow velocity in the fishway must be lower than the fish rush speed. When the sluice gate of the cave fish passage 26c is opened, the fish of the fish catching bull 25c feels the flow in the body and stimulates the instinct to instinct, swims against the current and swims through the fishway to the upper dam lake. Up.

 Water passing through the cave fishway 26 c flows through the mountain stream via the fish collection boule 25 c, and further into the fish collection pool located upstream of the dam dam on the downstream side. To stimulate the mountain stream, and open the sluice of the cave fishway at the downstream dam dam.The fish from the fish collection pool and the fish from Dam Lake, the side of the Byeon stream, also feel the flow and instinct to go upstream. Can be stimulated to start the run-up.

 In addition, in the above hydroelectric power generation method, a boulder flow prevention dam is created upstream of the dam lake, and the dam flows gravel and water with a particle size of less than a predetermined value into the dam lake, and boulders with a particle size exceeding a predetermined value Driftwood and tree branches have vertical cuts (gap) so that they can be closed there. In addition, a fish collection pool is installed upstream of the boulder flow prevention weir, and a dam lake is also installed downstream. There will be other fish collection pools that communicate with each other, and a plurality of submarine fishways and their locks will be provided between the upstream fish collection pool and the boulder flow prevention dam and between the dam lake and the other fish collection bulls, respectively. It is desirable to open and close the sluice in a timely manner so that fish can move in both directions, upstream and downstream.

 It is desirable that the boulders are periodically ground with a crusher to a particle size of less than a predetermined value and flow down to the dam lake, or fixed with cement so that they do not flow into the dam lake. It can be effectively prevented from flowing into the lake.

In other words, as shown in Fig. 1, a dam 24 is installed upstream of the dam lake to prevent boulder flow, and a vertical cut is formed in the dam to reduce the particle size below the gravel (60 mm or less). Only the sand and gravel will flow down through the cut I'm sorry.

 The boulders blocked by the above dam 2.4 are periodically crushed to the size of gravel by a crusher and flow down to the dam lake through submerged fish passages 26a and 26b installed in the dam. Let it do.

 In addition, the embankment 24 will create an arc-shaped embankment projecting downstream, so that the boulders flowing down gather in the center of the arc. In this embodiment, it is desirable to form a fish pool 25a on the upstream side and a fish pool 25b on the downstream side as an integral structure as shown in Fig. 1.

 At the bottom of the dam 24 between the fish pools 25a and 25b, there is a diving fishway 26a, and between the fishing pool 25b and the dam lake, the diving fishway gate 26b Are installed at multiple locations. The fish collection pool should be constructed so that it always has sufficient depth for fish to live. In the event of a flood, the fishing pool will be filled with boulders and sediment, and some of the pits will not function, but the pits at both ends of the dam will be able to function. The boulders that fill the fish collection pool are periodically crushed to the size of gravel using a crusher, and then flow to Dam Lake via the pit cave 26a, the fish pool 25b, and the pit cave 26b. Always maintain a water depth of around 30 cm between the fish collection pool 25 b and the ground, and make a shallow field with gravel adjacent to the pool. The spring water and tributaries from the ground can flow into it, creating an ideal environment for spawning fish and growing fry.

 The hydroelectric power generation of the present invention is a method in which a dam is built stepwise from the uppermost stream of a river, and the dam penetrates into the underground aquifer many times more than the conventional one. The water in this aquifer returns to the river again as a spring after some months, and the amount of spring water is many times larger than that of the conventional one.

This means that the underground aquifer functions as an underground dam, and water flows through the river even during the 渴 flood season. Building traditional dams will drastically reduce the number of fish in rivers. One of the reasons is that the water level of the dam fluctuates greatly and there is no shallow place suitable for spawning. This ideal shallow place The conventional problem is solved by building on both sides of the pool.

 The reason that fish prefer to lay eggs in the shallow, gentle flow of spring water is that the temperature of the spring water hardly changes in summer and winter, the sunlight reaches the bottom, the supply of dissolved oxygen is sufficient, and organic matter flowing from the ground is easy. This is because plankton is fermented and decomposed, and is suitable for growing juveniles that feed on it. If there is no spring water, construct a horizontal boring that reaches the aquifer in the ground to create artificial spring water. The spring water will flow gently in the shallow water and flow into the dam lake via the fish collection pool. In addition, the structure shall be such that a torrent does not flow into the shallow ground so that eggs and fry in the shallow ground are not washed away by the flood. When the water level of the dam lake reaches the water level at which the migratory fish can reach the upstream, the sluice of the cave fishway 26 b is opened, and the water of the fish collection pool 25 b flows into the dam lake, The body of the migratory fish feels the flow and stimulates the upstream instinct to swim toward the flow and return to the fish collection pool 25b. Next, the fishway floodgate 26a is opened, and the migratory fish goes up to the fish collection pool 25a through the submerged fishway 26a. In addition, the migratory fish is moved upstream to the mountain stream flowing into the fish collection pool 25a, and then upstream to the fish collection pool (secondary dam) of the upstream dam. When the water of the upstream dam is used for power generation and the water level drops to the above H2, the sluice of the submarine fishway installed in the dam dam opens, and the migratory fish goes upstream to the dam lake . During off-peak hours of power demand, it is preferable to carry out the following measures so that surplus power can be pumped to a large number of dams to smoothly migrate migratory fish and safely descend fish.

 (1) Build dams in the main stream of the water system and the uppermost stream of many tributaries. For springs and tributaries flowing in the middle of the water system, dams will be built in stairs at those points so that the water can be stored at the highest possible point.

② These many dams are divided into a high head group with a head of 500m or more between power plants at the foot of the mountain, a medium head group with a head of 500m to 30m, and a low head group with a head of less than 30m. . The middle drop group stores in a dam lake The dam lake with a relatively large water capacity is designated as the lower pond of the Great Head Dam, and the power plant with the large head is designated as the lower pond. The power plant will be dredged deep and long along the riverbed at the foot of the mountain, and the power plant will be set up as a low head lower pond. A large-diameter conduit is laid from each power plant to the vicinity of the most upstream dam, and as shown in Fig. 1, a number of dams around the dam are used to share a number of dams with one conduit. The water pipe 1c and the water pipe 1a are connected via the drain valve 21.

 ③ In the case of hydropower generation, the head is close to the water level in the headrace pipes of each group of large, medium and small, and the dam water level is from the highest altitude dam among the H1 or higher dams where the migratory fish can go upstream. The above-mentioned valve 21 leading to the water pipe is opened and used for hydroelectric power generation, and is used up until the water level falls to H2, and then the valve of the dam having a high altitude and a water level of H1 or higher is opened and used for hydropower.

 When the water level of the dam reaches H2, the sluice gate of the cave fishway 26c is opened, and the migratory fish that has gone up to the fish collection pool 25c are made to go up through the cave fishway 26c. Let the descending fish descend.

 水 Hydraulic power generation will be stopped when power demand goes off-peak. The surplus electric power is used to reverse the turbine and pump the water from the lower pond to raise the water level in the headrace. When the water level of the dam is lower than H 1 and the valve of the dam close to the water level in the water pipe is opened, water is pumped until the water level of the dam reaches H 1, and when the water level reaches H 1, the valve is closed. Then, the water level of the water pipe is raised to the altitude of the dam where the altitude is low and does not reach H 1, and the valve of the dam is opened to pump water until the water level reaches H 1. Repeat this.

⑤ When the water level of the dam reaches H1, the sluice gate of the submerged fish passage 26b leading to the fish collection bull 25b downstream of the boulder flow prevention weir opens the water of the fish collection pool 25b into the dam lake. The migratory fish senses the flow in the body, and the instinct is stimulated, swims toward the current, and travels up to the fish collection pool 25b through the cave fishway. Next, open the sluice gate of the cave fishway 26 Have a run up to a. Further, it is preferable that the mountain stream be moved up to reach the fish collection pool (secondary dam) of the upstream dam.

 Furthermore, in the above-mentioned hydroelectric power generation method, a gravel separation tank is provided between the headrace pipe and the power plant, and on the extension of the headrace pipe, sand is discharged to discharge the gravel separated by the gravel separation tank. A pipe is provided, and water, gravel and organic matter sucked into the intake pipe are discharged through the water pipe by opening the drain valve, and further separated into water and organic matter and gravel in the gravel separation tank. It is desirable to discharge organic matter to the river via the turbine of the power plant, and to transport gravel to the gravel accumulation site via the sand drainage pipe. In other words, as shown in Fig. 1, water from a number of dams mixed with gravel is collected in a large-diameter conduit 1 (usually 3 m in diameter), and a gravel separation tank 11 is distributed before entering the turbine at the power plant. At the same time, sand drainage pipes 2 (2 a, 2 b) are installed on the extension of the water conveyance pipe 1 to separate the gravel into the sand drainage pipes 2.

 At the time of power generation, the valve 19 at the end of the sand drainage pipe is closed, and flows along the inner wall of the gravel separation tank 11 without flowing into the sand drainage pipe. It is flipped out in a sand tube. The width of the sediment lifting ring 9 should be equal to or greater than 3 m if the pipe is suspicious, so that the gravel will not rise and all the water leaving the pipe will flow under the ring. . The sand 6 flowing down in a floating state generates a vortex 7 as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2 at the branch point with the sand discharge pipe 2, and some sand gets caught in it and deposits in the sand discharge pipe, but the others float up Swirl under the prevention ring 9 along the side wall of the gravel separation tank 1 1, and the sand is subjected to the centrifugal force f expressed by the following formula, and accumulates on the side wall surface together with silt and clay to form a block. To fall into the bottom of the tank and enter the sand discharge pipe.

 f = m V '/ r

 m: mass of the object

V: Speed on circumference ：: Radius of circular motion

 Sand, silt, and clay have a specific gravity of about 2.6, so they accumulate on the side wall surface of the gravel separator tank 11, but the specific gravity of organic matter is not much different from water, so there is no ring while turning with water. Flows toward the center of the river, rises toward the headrace 1b, and is discharged to the river via a water turbine.

 The organic matter released into the river is fermented and decomposed by the dissolved oxygen in the river to become inorganic nutrients, which breeds fish and shellfish, and does not cause ecosystem destruction by breaking the conventional food chain.

 On the other hand, the gravel that has flowed into the sand drainage pipe does not flow during power generation because the valve 19 at the tip of the sand drainage pipe is closed, but is subjected to pressure vibration due to the reaction force of the water flow hitting the water turbine, and as a result, liquid And flows along the inclined surface, and is stored in the sand discharge pipe 2 a and the surge tank 18. Sand removal is carried out when power generation is stopped during off-peak hours. The method is as follows: at the same time as power generation is stopped, the valve 19 at the tip of the sand discharge pipe 2b shown in Fig. 1 is opened, and the stationary gravel is rocked using the inertia (water hammer) of the water pipe that occurs when power generation is stopped. Fluidize and flow toward valve 19. A surge tank 18 is installed to mitigate the impact of water hammer, from which it is branched into several small-diameter sand-discharge pipes 2 b from sand-discharge pipes 2 a, and gravel flows to multiple gravel-collection sites 20. To be used as concrete aggregate. This allows the concrete aggregate to be transported to near the consuming area without using power. It can also solve the problem of coastal retreat ο

When the flow velocity hitting the turbine is low and the wear is minimal, as in the case of a low head turbine. As shown in Fig. 5, the water pipe 1a is branched, and the sand discharge pipe 2a is extended along the extension of the water pipe, and the water is guided upward to the turbine. It can be separated by a simplified sand and gravel separator that branches off the water pipe 1b. According to the opinions of experienced hydropower users in the world, it is reported that in the case of low head, the flow velocity is slow, the gravels wear is small, and the size of gravels to be separated is 1-3 mm. The larger the size of the gravel, the faster the rate of sedimentation in water. For example, the sedimentation velocity for a particle diameter of 1 mm is 10 cm Z seconds. Then, it flows down in a bed condition and the gravel separation tank 11 as shown in Fig. 2 becomes unnecessary. However, the flow velocity hitting the turbine is high when the head is large or large, and the particle size of the sand to be separated is 0.4 mm at the medium head, the sedimentation speed is 5 cm / sec, and the small head is 0.1 mm at the large head. The sedimentation will slow down to 0.6 cm / sec due to the difference in sedimentation, and will flow down in a suspended state in the water pipe at a considerable rate. Therefore, a centrifugal separation device as shown in Fig. 2 is required.

 However, if the length of the straight water pipe is 700 m or more with no curved section or junction where turbulence occurs even in the middle head, the gravel to be separated will be almost in a sweeping state, and a simple type of gravel separator will be used. Can be separated.

 The inner surface of the gravel separation tank 11 is rubber-lined as described below to prevent wear on the gravel, and the life of the gravel separation tank 11 can be made permanent.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the side wall of the gravel separation tank 11 and the lining of the sediment lifting ring 9. Since the side wall to which the sand is hit by centrifugal force wears the hardest, the thickness of the lining should be increased, and the lining thickness of the earth and sand floating prevention ring with less wear should be reduced. A soft rubber lining sheet 12 as shown in Fig. 4 was manufactured, and the surface of the sheet in contact with the tank was unvulcanized beforehand, coated with colored urethane rubber, and then vulcanized to form a urethane rubber layer. Let it be. The layer of colored urethane rubber 16 should be thick enough to withstand abrasion of gravel for more than one year. The surface of the urethane rubber layer is adhered to the surface of the tank via a double-sided adhesive sheet 17. In addition, a rubber sheet 13 containing reinforcing fibers is vulcanized and bonded to the end of the soft rubber lining sheet, and the rubber sheet containing the reinforcing fibers is fixed to the tank by a bolt and a nut 15. When the soft rubber lining sheet is worn and the colored urethane rubber layer is exposed, a new lining is manufactured in the same manner as described above, and preparation for replacement is made. To replace the wear lining, remove the part that was secured with the Port ■ Nut 1.5, peel off the adhered part with a double-sided adhesive sheet, and use the new method described above. Paste the mouse. In this way, the useful life of the gravel separator is made permanent. Lining ■ The seat is made of soft natural rubber, which is 12 times more resistant to abrasion than steel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagrams for explaining the operation of the gravel separation tank 11; FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic plan view, and FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic front view. Figure 3 is an illustration of the lining inside the gravel separation tank.

 FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a method of connecting the lining sheets. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a simple gravel separation device using a branch pipe of a water conveyance pipe.

 Figure 6 shows the monthly discharge curve and the amount of hydroelectric power generated by rivers in the Hokuriku region.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention will be described.

 Sediment and organic matter that flows down from the dam lake is preferentially sucked into the water pipe 1 c and merged into the large-diameter (usually 3 m diameter) water pipe 1 a via the drain valve 21, and water enters the turbine of the power plant Before that, the gravel with a specific gravity of about 2.6 is separated in the gravel separation tank 11 by centrifugal force. Organic matter having a specific gravity that is less than that of water is not separated and is flown to the drainage pipe 1b, which leads to the turbine, and to the lower pond for pumped storage and generation via the turbine. Even in the lower pond, sludge and organic matter are sucked by the intake pipe without being accumulated, and are discharged into rivers after hydroelectric power generation.

 The gravel that has flowed into the sand discharge pipe 2a does not flow in the pipe because the valve 19 at the end of the sand discharge pipe is closed at the time of power generation, but due to the reaction force of the water flow hitting the turbine blades. Due to the pressure oscillation, the gravel liquefies, flows along the slope of the pipe toward surge tank 18 and is stored.

The diameter of the sand discharge pipe 2a is normally 3 m, and the sand discharge pipe 2 Use a sand pipe with a smaller pipe diameter than a. Its diameter should be about 60 cm to 1 m. Although water hammer occurs when this valve is closed, the smaller the diameter, the smaller the water hammer and the easier it is to open and close the valve. Also, when closing the valves, rather than closing many valves at the same time, the valves are closed one after another to reduce the water hammer.

 It is desirable that the intake pipe, the water pipe, and the sand discharge pipe used in the present invention be used in combination with the invention relating to a continuous lining method for a pipe joint and a pipeline proposed by the present inventors.

 (1) Steel pipe fittings

 (1) Patent No. 1 896 6144, “Piping joint structure”,

(2) Japanese Patent Application No. 2 0 0— 2 4 0 2 5 1, “Piping structure”

 (Features)

 In the present invention, the length of the water pipe is several tens times longer than the conventional method. The welding connection time of conventional steel pipes is 8 hours for 1 m diameter, and the connection time becomes longer in proportion to the outer diameter and pipe thickness, and it takes more than 30 hours for 80 mm pipe thickness at 3 m diameter, It takes a lot of cost and construction time for laying water transmission pipes. For this reason, the length of water transmission pipes (penstock) had to be reduced as much as possible.

 In the above two prior proposed inventions, several hundreds of steel pipes are arranged in a straight line and press-fitted and connected collectively with a wire jacket. The connection time per pipe is 14 seconds, and even inexperienced persons can easily connect. Since the connection can be made, the connection cost and installation time are close to zero, and even if related works are included, the construction cost and time are several tenths. In that case, the water transmission pipe (penstock) had to be shortened as much as possible by the conventional method, but if the above steel pipe joint is used, it is more economical to lengthen the water transmission pipe by several tens of times and maximize the head. It is. Furthermore, the above-mentioned steel pipe joint has a self-sealing structure, does not leak even at high pressure, has elasticity and flexibility, and has a feature that it does not break even in a large earthquake of seismic intensity 6 or more.

 (2) Continuous lining method

(1) Patent No. 16988219 "Linepipe with laminated lining including adhesive re-material layer and method of construction" ② Japanese Patent Application No. 1 1 — 0 8 9 0 5 8 “The lining structure of the lining pipe and the method of removing the lining”

 (3) Japanese Patent Application No. 2 0 0 1-2 0 5 3 7 4 “Method of lining pipe line and replacing lining”

 (Outline and features of the method)

 According to the present invention, if the gravel flowing down to the dam lake is actively suctioned and discharged, the gravel mixing rate is 6 times larger than the conventional one and the grain size is larger, so that the lower part of the pipe is 8 to 10 times larger than the conventional one. Wear out. In addition, because of the higher head than the conventional method, the flow velocity becomes more than ten meters per second, and the wear increases in proportion to the square of the flow velocity. As a result, the amount of wear is several tens of times the amount of conventional wear, and any conventional wear measures can no longer be used in six months. The current penstock has a thickness of as much as 15 mm and is used as a wear allowance. However, even in this case, it will be worn out in more than a year and turned into iron chips.

 In addition, glass fiber reinforced polyester resin FRP pipes have a useful life of about half a year, beyond which the amount of wear increases and must be turned into industrial waste. No other wear measures can be used as well. In contrast, the continuous lining method can make the service life permanent. The construction method is to lay a pipeline of several kilometers with the above steel pipe joints, and to use flange joints at both ends.

In this method, a lining tube that is slightly shorter than that length is drawn into the pipeline, the lining is stretched and the length is adjusted, and then the tube is expanded and crimped by a big tube for continuous lining. The lining tube is made of soft natural rubber, which is 12 times more wear-resistant than steel. Extrude the tube so that the lower thickness is 65 mm and the upper thickness is 8 mm. The length of the tube is made slightly shorter than the length of the pipeline, and gaskets for sealing the flanges are vulcanized to both ends thereof. After applying a primer to the outer periphery of this tube, an unvulcanized liquid urethane rubber is applied and cured by vulcanization. Thickness of the layer is gravel wear To withstand more than one year. This is wrapped in a high-strength synthetic fiber reinforced sheet and drawn into the existing pipeline. In order to fit the gasket that has been vulcanized to the end of the lining tube to the flange surface at the end of the pipeline, stretch a slightly shorter tube and adjust the length. After that, the tube is expanded with a big tube and crimped to the steel pipe surface for lining.

 If the colored urethane rubber layer is exposed due to wear of the lining tube, it is a warning that the lining needs to be replaced within one year. During that time, a new lining tube will be manufactured and preparations for replacement will be made. To replace it, peel off the adhesive at both ends of the pipe line, put the suction pipe of the vacuum pump into the tube, seal the ends of the tube and let the air out, then the tube will be crushed at atmospheric pressure. It is.

 Twist it out to the downstream side while pulling in a new lining tube from the upstream side to replace the lining. In this way, the steel pipe is not worn at all. The service life is permanent. The reinforcing sheet used for pulling in and pulling out the tube is almost intact and can be reused. It also has the feature that high-speed lining can be performed with a small number of people without special skill.

 Hydropower uses only the water of the dams that can reach the migratory fish H1 or higher among many dams, and the water of the dams that do not reach the H1 water level is hydropowered until the H1 water level is reached. do not use. In this way, it is possible to minimize the invalid release of water beyond the dam dam during flooding, and to migrate migratory fish that have returned to the dam that has not reached the water level H1 as soon as possible to the fish collection pool of the upstream dam. To

The water conduit has a curved part and a straight part. Since the centrifugal force of the fluid acts on the curved part, the steel pipe is fixed to the ground via the anchor block. Due to the high head, the flow velocity exceeds 10 meters per second, and local wear due to gravel occurs, so the radius of curvature should be 25 D or more (D: outside diameter of pipe). On the bend Uses a 1 m long pipe with a new steel pipe joint and uses a 12 m long flexible pipe. In the straight line part, hundreds of steel pipes of a fixed length are arranged in a straight line and connected by wire-jack connection.

 Sediment is likely to be washed away by deforestation, mountain slope removal, embankment, etc. to build a dam road. Floods cause the river water to turn reddish and chronic turbidity continues even after the flood subsides. If this continues for several years, fish and underwater insects living in mountain streams, such as swordfish, will have difficulty breeding and fall into an extinct state. The following measures are taken to prevent this.

 1) All construction materials and equipment will be carried in by cableway.

2) The concrete revetment on both sides of the dam lake will be abolished and the method similar to nature used in Germany and Switzerland will be adopted. The method is to hold the soil with a net woven of tree branches and hemp strings, stop the runoff of sediment, and plant aquatic plants, reeds, and swamp forests there. What kind of flowers to plant in which location is decided by studying the surrounding natural environment for more than one year, but we recommend swamps, reeds, and swampy forests such as sedges, reeds, and mosses that are resilient to water levels. Plant. By the time the tree branches and hemp strings are rotten and returning to the soil, the roots of the plants are stretched around and the soil is firmly caught, preventing the flow of sediment.

3) A mixed forest with various vegetation mixed on both sides of the dam lake to create a riverside forest. For example, trees with deep rooted trees (cedar, kunugi) and shallow rooted trees (cypress, beech) are mixed. Thus, even in the event of heavy rain, the spreading of the tree canopy relieves direct pressure on the soil, and understory vegetation and roots can stop the flow of soil flow. Planting mixed forests can prevent landslides. According to many experts, "mixed forests are clearly more effective at preventing landslides than simple forests. Forest soils are as soft as sponges and have the capacity to absorb and store precipitation. It suppresses surface water flowing into the dam lake, stores it in soil gaps, and moves to an underground aquifer. It also functions as a natural dam. In addition, many terrestrial insects as well as deciduous leaves fall from branches overhanging on the waterside. During summer, when litter discharge in rivers progresses and abundance of aquatic insects decreases, the amount of terrestrial insects falling from riparian forests peaks. During this period when the river is oligotrophic, falling insects are an important food source to supplement fish nutrition. " It has said

 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to solve all the problems of the current hydroelectric power generation, pumped-storage power generation, irrigation water reservoirs, sabo dams, securing fishways, etc.

 (1) The sedimentation of the dam lake not only impairs the dam function but also causes a lot of damage. And huge amounts of energy are wasted to remove sediment.

 According to the present invention, gravel that can be used as aggregate for concrete can be transported to a plain without hydroelectric power generation without using energy. In addition, the original functions of the dam, such as hydropower, pumped-storage, flood protection, water use, and sabo can be maintained forever.

 (2) In the conventional method, most organic matter flowing down from the upstream is blocked by dams. As a result, dam lakes have become eutrophic, deteriorating the quality of tap water, containing moldy odor substances, and forced to drink tap water with reduced safety. The reason is that harmful planktonic algae, plant inhabitants that cannot survive in a flowing state, begin to multiply when they become static.

In the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, the organic matter (sludge) is preferentially sucked and discharged at the time of the hydroelectric power generation, and the dam lake is used up to the H2 water level close to the sky. Due to the fluidity, no eutrophication occurs and no harmful phytoplankton that grows only in still water. Phytoplankton generated in flowing water is harmless plankton, and it is eaten by the animal blankton that occurs at the same time, Sexual insects and fish are predated, an active food chain is maintained, and clear water quality is maintained ^? ₀

 (3) The amount of carcinogen trihalomethane in the water conveyance increases year by year, and tap water exceeding the standard value of 0. 0 S Mg Z liter set by the World Health Organization (WHO) has increased and has become a major problem. Trihalomethanes are produced by the reaction of organic matter in raw tap water and chlorine added at the water treatment plant.A dam with a large storage capacity compared to the inflow, that is, a dam lake with a low water turnover rate, is a triha lake. Mouth production capacity tends to increase. Alkali metabolism Decomposition products are trihalomethane-causing substances and are organic substances that are difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms.The removal rate of microorganisms called activated sludge in ordinary sewage treatment plants is low, about 20%. . This is an advanced treatment that combines the treatment of water purification plants and activated carbon. However, the reduction rate is 60%, and if the trihalomethane-causing substances of Harunaga continue to increase as they are now, this effect will be reduced by half. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures against emission sources, and since groundwater contains almost no methane-causing substance in the mouth of triha, studies are being conducted on methods of bringing it into sufficient contact with surface soil. In the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, no trihalomethane-causing substances are generated. The reason is,

 ① At the time of hydropower generation, the dam lake is used up to the water level close to the sky, all the sludge is discharged, and at the time of off-peak power, water is pumped up, and the water of the dam lake is maintained at an appropriate nutrient concentration and is flowing. Therefore, no harmful planktonic algal plant blanks are generated.

 (2) When the water level of the dam lake falls, the seawall soil is exposed to the atmosphere and sunlight by virtue of a revetment method that is close to nature, and active decomposition of organic matter is carried out. Active decomposition occurs, and trihalomethane-causing substances, which are difficult to decompose, are also decomposed into inorganic nutrients.

(3) When the water level rises, the decomposed inorganic nutrients penetrate the soil rather than revetment by the river construction method, which is close to nature, and are absorbed as fertilizer by revetment plants and riparian forests. Harvested and thriving trees.

 に お け る Approximately 20% of the water in the many step-like dam lakes in the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention penetrates from the revetment and the bottom of the lake, which are close to nature, and is stored in the underground aquifer. It comes back as spring water. The natural purification of trihalomethane-causing substances, which are difficult to decompose, is performed in the process of moving underground.

 巨 The boulders on the riverbed are crushed into gravel with a particle size of 60 mm or less, and organic matter is actively decomposed by microorganisms in the process of flowing water between the gravels, and trihalomethane-causing substances, which are difficult to decompose, are also decomposed.

 (4) After the construction of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River, the catch at the Nile Estuary has dropped sharply to 1/10, and agriculture in the Delta has required large amounts of fertilizer. The same phenomenon is happening in dams around the world. This is because organic matter flowing from upstream is blocked by the dam and the food chain is cut.

 In the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention, the organic matter flowing down is preferentially sucked into the intake pipe and flows downstream without any residue, and is fermented and decomposed into inorganic nutrients by the natural purification action of the dissolved oxygen in the river, thereby forming an active food chain. It can be carried out and the catches can be restored to rich, old fishing grounds.

(5) It can approach the theoretical hydropower of the river basin. Compared to a case where a large-scale dam is built in the water system, the amount of power generation can be increased several times and the cost of power generation can be reduced. Dam construction costs increase in proportion to the cube of the bank height. For example, the cost of constructing a large dam with a height of 150 m is about the same as building a small dam with a height of 20 m (150/20) ³ = 42. If this small dam is deeply dredged at the bottom of the new hydroelectric dam lake until the horizontal is inclined in reverse, the storage capacity will be about twice as large as that of a large dam with a bank height of 150 m. Become. In other words, half of the 200 dams can store the same catchment basin area as large-scale dams. The 200 dams will be built on the main stream of the river, and on the uppermost stream of many tributaries. So Then, many tributaries and springs to the power plant at the foot of the mountain will be built in a stepwise fashion to store spring water at high altitude. Then the average head of these dams will be three to six times that of large dams. Since the amount of power generation is proportional to (head) X (flow), the amount of hydroelectric power generation of the present invention is three to six times that of a conventional large-scale dam, and the power generation cost is lower than that of a large-scale dam. On the other hand, the cost of power generation for conventional small-scale dams is more than 30 yen ZKWh, which is higher than 6 yen / KWh for thermal power generation, which is a major obstacle to the development of small-scale hydropower. .

 With the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, the power generation cost is less than 3 yen / KWh, which is 1/10 that of a small dam. The reason is,

 (1) Conventional small-scale dam hydropower can be used for power generation only as shown in Fig. 6 (2) The amount of water used during the flood season can be used for power generation, and the amount of water used during floods and floods is discharged ineffectively. The riverbed is deeply dredged to increase the amount of water storage, and all the water used during the affluent and flood seasons is used for power generation, and the amount of water used is about three times that of conventional types.

 (2) Even if the conventional small dam has a small catchment area, a low flow rate, and a drop of about 50 m, the hydropower generation system of the present invention requires a small length of a 3 m water intake conduit. (3) With the hydropower system of the present invention, hundreds of small dams can be shared by water mains, power plants, and transmission facilities.

 小 規模 Conventional small-scale hydropower has only the function of power generation, but the hydropower generation of the present invention is multifunctional with hydropower, pumped-storage, flood protection, water use, erosion control, and fishery. A construction cost allocation (cost allocation) can be made.

⑤The dam lake has no permanent sedimentation of sediment and sludge, and the functions of hydropower, pumped-storage, flood protection, irrigation, erosion control, and fish passages are permanently maintained. Depreciation is near zero. W

(6) Conventional large-scale dams are versatile, but do not fulfill their versatile functions. For example, the restricted water level method for flood control is a method in which water is released ineffective during the period when a flood is expected, the storage level is lowered to a certain level, and the capacity to control the flood is secured.

 If the rainfall exceeds the certain water level, the water will be released. This ineffective release has a negative effect from the standpoint of hydropower and water use. In addition, there are two types of flood control methods during floods: fixed-discharge method and fixed-rate constant-discharge method.This is because the river water level in the area where the houses in the plains are densely populated rises, and we want water control to be the highest. Occasionally, the water volume cannot be reduced and the flood protection of the dam has not been sufficiently achieved.

 Since the hydroelectric power of the present invention creates hundreds of dams in one permanent system, it can store the entire amount of flood water and does not release any water. At that time, not only the dam lake, but also the underground aquifer, the water that has infiltrated from the revetment of the river method that is close to nature will be stored in the underground aquifer. It is possible to completely protect the flood protection function by completely storing the amount of water during the flood without any invalid release. When the water system encounters heavy rain, the withdrawal of surplus power is temporarily suspended and only flood protection works, and the withdrawal of surplus power during that time is only available for hydropower systems of other water systems not experiencing heavy rain. Have Lake Mu take over.

(7) As in the present invention, when a large number of dams are formed in a river stepwise, about 20% of the stored water of each dam penetrates underground and is stored in the aquifer. The water will return to the river as a spring again some months later. Compared to a case where there is no step dam and flash floods flow down the mountain stream, the amount of seepage into the underground aquifer and the amount of spring water are both many times larger. Spring water has almost no change in water temperature in summer and winter, so it is indispensable for spawning of fish and growth of fry. A shallow field of 30 cm deep gravel will be created between the ground on both sides of the fish pool (secondary dam) downstream of the dam dam and boulder flow prevention dam. It guides springs and tributaries from the ground. There is a gentle flow there, the bottom Dissolved oxygen and sunlight spread throughout, and the organic matter that flowed from the ground fermented and decomposed to produce inorganic nutrients (plankton that could be used as bait for fry. Fish prefers to lay eggs in such places The spring water flows into the dam lake via the fish collection pool and the fishway, and the grown fry can safely descend.The ideal conditions for fish breeding are provided. The number of inhabitants can be increased before the construction of the dam The shallow waters of natural rivers are not always ideal, because the natural shallow waters are flooded with laid eggs and swimming power. This is because weak fry may be washed away to the estuary and die.

 (8) Most conventional large dams do not have fishways. This is because the installation is very expensive, and it is not easy for upstream fish to return large altitude differences. A fishway is installed in a conventional small-to-medium-sized dam lake, but there is a drawback that only strong fish can go up

 In the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, a submersible fishway is installed at each dam weir, and the combination of hydroelectric power generation and pumped-storage power generation allows fish with low upstream power to go up to the uppermost stream of the river. In a natural river, if there is a waterfall, etc., it is not possible to go upstream from there, but with the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention, a dam dam can be built downstream of the waterfall, and the dam water level can be raised to the top of the waterfall to help the ascent . If the range of migratory fish is expanded in this way, the fish population will increase in proportion to that, which is higher than that before the dam was constructed.

(9) The fish that spawn at the upstream of the river and become fry will descend the river when they grow to some extent. The water of a conventional dam lake flows slowly to the intake. Falling fish also leave themselves in the flow and get lost in the intake, undergoing severe pressure changes before and after passing through a hydroelectric turbine, and many of their fish rupture their internal organs and die. The flow velocity at the inlet of the intake of the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention is about 5 m / sec or more, which is similar to that of flood. When a fish encounters a flow velocity comparable to that of a flood, it escapes at a rush speed and evacuates to a slow-moving rocky shadow or abyss It does not get lost in the intake. And the descending fish prefer a gentle flow, and when the dam water level falls and the sluiceway floodgate opens, it relies on that flow, heads towards the sloping fishway, and descends safely there.

 (10) In rivers with a lot of debris flow, numerous sabo dams have been built to prevent debris flow disasters, but sabo dams have been buried with sediment for several years, and the function of sabo has been lost. Excavation of sediment and sedimentation is carried out by a dump truck to transport it to a gravel accumulation site in the plain, but road construction and transportation costs for transportation are expensive, resulting in poor profitability. , Not very well implemented. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a new sabo dam every year at a high cost. In addition, coasts where the supply of gravel is cut off will cause coastal retreat, and in order to prevent this, seawalls and breakwaters must be continuously constructed at a huge investment every year.

Many of these sabo dams are constructed solely for the purpose of sabo control, but this is a multipurpose dam using the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention. All the above problems can be solved if the dam is modified to have various functions. In other words, even if a landslide occurs in the mountains, if the dam lake is deeply dredged until the bottom of the dam becomes horizontal by the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention, the debris flow will not flow downstream over the weir, At the time of hydropower generation, the water is sucked into the intake pipe and automatically sent to the gravel accumulation site. The gravel is used for concrete aggregate and for artificial sand on the coast. The renovation cost of the hydroelectric dam of the present invention can be reduced because the beneficiaries can be allocated (cost allocation). (11) Wind power, solar power and nuclear power must be further strengthened in preparation for oil depletion and price spikes. However, these generations do not have a power regulation function and generate a large amount of surplus power during off-peak hours. As a countermeasure, a large number of pumped storage power plants must be constructed.However, suitable sites for the upper pond of large-scale pumped storage power plants have been developed and few suitable sites are available. I'm wearing

 The present invention also solves such a problem. In other words, the small dam group of the present invention is used as the upper pond of pumped storage power generation, a lower pond is constructed downstream of the power plant, and the water in the lower pond can be pumped to the small dam group during off-peak hours, thereby solving this problem. Furthermore, there is an advantage that migration of migratory fish can be performed smoothly when combined with pumping O

 (12) The existing large-scale dam was modified to have a structure suitable for the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention, and the sediment of the dam lake was discharged, and the riverbed upstream of the dam was dredged to maximize the water storage efficiency. The power control function and flood protection function can be maximized. In addition, small-scale dams will be constructed upstream and downstream of the dam, and the dam will be used as a lower pond and upper pond for PSPP. If the characteristics of the steel pipe joints and the continuous lining method proposed by the inventor's prior proposal are used for the water conduit, the profit of the water conduit can be increased even if the length of the water conduit is tens of times longer than usual.

 (13) Wind power generation is proportional to the cube of wind speed, so it must be installed in a strong wind zone. However, strong winds are often located on the summits and watersheds, and the cost of transporting construction materials and power transmission equipment is high, the amount of power generation is uneven, and power cannot be adjusted. ing. The present invention uses a cableway to transport construction materials and equipment to the uppermost stream of a river. If the cableway is extended to a watershed and a mountaintop in a strong wind zone and shared, the construction cost will be reduced. Power transmission equipment can also be used.

 Pumping with excess off-peak surplus power will remove all the drawbacks of wind power and promote development.

(14) Not only undeveloped hydropower, but also existing ■ If hydropower during construction is improved to the hydropower method of the present invention, fossil-fired thermal power generation can be completely abolished, and the depletion of energy such as oil and the earth Issues such as global warming can be solved at once. Data on the potential of global hydropower, Internati onal Water According to the Power & Dam Construction Yearbook (1997), Japan's technically feasible hydropower is 129,840 GWh / year, and it is already installed. ■ During construction, 91,654 GWh / year and the development rate is reported to be 70.6%. I have. The reason is that the small- and medium-scale dam using the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention stores not only the water volume during the 渴 water season but also the water volume during the flood season and floods for power generation, and the water volume is about three times that of the conventional type (Fig. 6). See). On average, the head is about five times that of the conventional type, and the amount of power generation is determined by the product of the amount of water and the head, so the amount of power generation is about 15 times. The large-scale dam was converted to a new hydropower plant to discharge sediment and sludge from the dam lake, and further deeply dredged the riverbed upstream of the dam to increase the storage capacity many times. Eliminating the ineffective discharge of wastewater and relocating the power station further downstream to maximize the head will increase the power generation by many times compared to the conventional type.

 The current technical development potential of large, medium and small scale hydropower is 129,840 GWh / year, which is 9 times 1,168,560 GWh / year, and fossil-fired thermal power generation can be completely abolished. However, the use of hydrogen or fuel cell vehicles will become more widespread, and oil and natural gas will not have to be relied on overseas. Looking at this on a global scale, the world's technologically feasible hydropower is 227,785 GWh / year, 2,769,344 GWh / year during the existing construction, and the development rate is 19.5%. If this is adopted as a new hydropower method, the technically feasible hydropower will increase ninefold to 128,050,070 GWh / year.

 Therefore, if the hydroelectric power generation method according to the present invention is spread around the world as a global standard (def act standard), global energy and environmental problems will be solved at once, and a sustainable development society will be realized. it can.

(15) The present invention will receive the highest rating from the IS01400 series life cycle-assessment. That is, the hydroelectric power generation of the present invention can permanently maintain functions such as power regulation of dam lakes, flood protection, water use, sabo control, and securing of fish passages, and the service life of intake pipes, conduits, and sand discharge pipes It is permanent, generates electricity forever, and realizes a sustainable development society. Life cycle '. Assessment is a standard for pursuing methods to reduce the burden on the environment throughout the product life cycle from raw material extraction to disposal. The total energy consumed to build various power plants and the energy required to operate the plant using this method is taken as the input energy. On the other hand, the value (output energy) / (input energy) is obtained by dividing the total amount of output energy obtained by operating the power plant by the input energy. The highest value of (output energy) / (input energy) in the conventional method is 40 times for small and medium-sized hydropower. The lowest is solar power tripled.

 This is because the service life is as short as 20 years, a large amount of energy is used during production, and that amount is equivalent to six years of solar power generation. Oil-fired power is slightly more than 20 times, nuclear power and coal-fired power are 17 times, geothermal is 20 times and wind power is 10 times. The hydroelectric power generation of the present invention generates several tens of times the size of conventional small and medium-sized hydroelectric power generation at the same location and the same scale, has a permanent service life, has no recycling energy consumption, and (output energy) / (input energy). ) Can be thousands of times.

Industrial applicability

 As described above, the hydroelectric power generation method of the present invention can transfer gravel to plains while generating hydroelectric power without using a huge amount of energy. Since power generation, flood protection, water use, sabo control, fishway access, etc. can be maintained forever, it is environmentally friendly, safe and economically advantageous.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. At the bottom of the dam lake, an intake pipe extending from the dam dam to the upstream, an intake port at the tip, and a plurality of branch pipes along the bottom of the dam lake along the intake pipe At the same time, an intake port is provided at the end of the pipe, and a water pipe is connected to the intake pipe via a drain valve and is connected to the water turbine of the power plant that is led out downstream of the dam dam. At the time of hydroelectric power generation, water is supplied from a water pipe to a turbine of a power plant to generate electricity, and at the same time, sediment and organic substances flowing down to a dam lake are sucked and discharged from intakes of water pipes and branch pipes. At  The water intake pipe is composed of a plurality of pipes connected via flexible pipe joints, and the water intake at the tip of each pipe can be moved to every corner of the lake bottom, and the inner surface of each pipe is formed. Lining with a lining tube provided with a colored urethane rubber layer on the outer peripheral surface of a soft rubber tube. When the soft rubber wears out and the urethane rubber layer is exposed, prepare the lining for replacement and use only the lining. A hydroelectric power generation method characterized by making the service life of an intake pipe permanent by replacing it.  2. A fish collection pool will be provided downstream of the dam dam, and a submerged fish passage will be established from the fish collection pool to the dam lake. If the reservoir of the dam lake is used for hydroelectric power generation, the water level will be higher than the migratory fish. When the water level at which the water can reach the upstream reaches H1 or higher, the drainage reservoir is opened and the drainage valve is opened to drain the water into the water collection pipe. As soon as the water level H2 is used up so that the water level difference Δh can be reached, the sluice of the cave fishway is opened, and the fish in the fish collection pool are advanced, and the water level difference △ h becomes zero. 2. The hydroelectric power generation method according to claim 1, wherein the sluice gate of the submerged fishway is closed when the spillage occurs. 3. A boulder flow prevention dam will be constructed upstream of the dam lake, and the dam will flow gravel and water with a particle size below a specified value to the dam lake, and the particle size will exceed the specified value. The boulders, driftwood, and tree branches have vertical cuts that can be blocked there.Furthermore, a fish pool is provided upstream of the boulder flow prevention dam, and a dam lake is also provided downstream. There are also other fish collection pools leading to the river, and between the upstream fish collection pool and the boulder flow prevention dam and between the dam lake and the other fish collection pool, there are a plurality of cave fishways and their locks. 2. The hydroelectric power generation method according to claim 1, wherein a fishgate is provided so as to be able to move in both upstream and downstream directions by opening and closing the lock as appropriate.  4. A gravel separation tank 11 will be installed between the headrace and the power plant, and a sand drainage pipe for discharging the gravel separated in the gravel separation tank 11 will be provided on the extension of the headrace. The drainage valve is opened to discharge the water, gravel and organic matter sucked into the intake pipe through the water pipe, and further separated into water, organic matter and gravel in the gravel separation tank 1 1, The hydroelectric power generation method according to claim 1, wherein the water is discharged into a river via a turbine of a power plant, and the gravel is transported to a gravel accumulation point via a sand drain pipe.