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WO2002094712A1 - Matiere de stockage d'hydrogene - Google Patents

Matiere de stockage d'hydrogene Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002094712A1
WO2002094712A1 PCT/EP2002/004691 EP0204691W WO02094712A1 WO 2002094712 A1 WO2002094712 A1 WO 2002094712A1 EP 0204691 W EP0204691 W EP 0204691W WO 02094712 A1 WO02094712 A1 WO 02094712A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
matrix
storing hydrogen
fibers
hydrogen according
inert phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2002/004691
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg WEISSMÜLLER
Jin-Chun Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Publication of WO2002094712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002094712A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0078—Composite solid storage mediums, i.e. coherent or loose mixtures of different solid constituents, chemically or structurally heterogeneous solid masses, coated solids or solids having a chemically modified surface region
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04—Light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material for storing hydrogen.
  • the disadvantage of metal hydride storage systems is that high temperatures are required for hydrogen recovery.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a storage material for hydrogen, in which hydrogen recovery is possible at lower temperatures.
  • the invention is based on the fact that metals experience an expansion (volume increase) when they absorb hydrogen. If this expansion is hindered by mechanical forces, then the energetics of the hydrogen structure change.
  • the invention uses this effect to change the enthalpy of binding of the metal for hydrogen towards a more positive value, that is, the interaction between the metal and make hydrogen less attractive.
  • Stiff fibers or particles of a second phase are finely divided into a conventional metal with a tendency to form hydrides, which is in principle suitable as a storage material (matrix).
  • the fibers or particles are inert, ie the hydrogen content in the inert phase does not change significantly in the interval of temperature and hydrogen partial pressure near the phase transition of the matrix, in general it is vanishing. As a result, the matrix exerts forces on the fibers or particles of the inert phase during the hydrogenation.
  • the fibers or - Z particles suitably finely divided, so they become mechanical
  • the enthalpy of binding of the hydrogen in the composite material is then the sum of the (negative, i.e. binding) chemical bond enthalpy of the conventional matrix material and the (positive, ie repulsive) mechanical deformation energy that occurs when the matrix is deformed (as a result of the hydrogen absorption) in the fibers or particles of the inert phase are stored. Overall, the enthalpy of binding is reduced.
  • An example of a material according to the invention is magnesium with a reinforcement made of statistically oriented carbon fibers with a diameter in the sub-micrometer range.
  • metal alloys e.g. Mg-Cu
  • intermetallic compounds e.g. Mg 2 Ni or LaNis
  • metallic or mineral substances e.g. Al, B, or SiC
  • Such a composite can be produced by infiltration of the molten metal into a felt or a woven fabric made of fibers.
  • An alternative method is to extrude a mixture of fibers and metal powder. The final material can be ground by ball milling and refined in the microstructure to improve the kinetics of absorption and desorption.
  • the fundamentally new aspect of the approach proposed here is to use the knowledge gained from the investigations on grain boundaries in a targeted manner in order to produce optimal material combinations and geometries that maximize the effect.
  • Dense layers of carbon nanotubes can be prepared using the method described in the literature (MM Kappes, 'Carbon based nanotechnology?', barken Anlagenstechnik Düsseldorf 32 (1999), 64. S. Bandow, S. Asaka, Y. Saito, AM Rao, L. Grigorian, E. Richter, and PC Eklund, 'Effect of the Growth Temperature on the Diameter-Distribution of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes', Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 ( 1998), 3779. S. Bandow, AM Rao, K.-A. Williams, A.
  • the porous body thus formed is coated with a melt of Mg (the subscripts denote the mole fraction of the components) according to the method of 'squeeze casting' (S.-Y. Chang, H. Tezuka, and A. Kamino, 'Mechanical Properties and Fracture Process of SiC / Mg Composites by Squeeze Casting and Extrusion ', Mater. Trans., JIM 38 (1997), 18).
  • the composite material can be crushed by high-energy ball milling up to a particle size of between 1 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ m (in the case of nanotubes) or by approximately 100 ⁇ m (in the case of conventional fibers).
  • the respective substances can be finely dispersed on the composite particles by adding 1 to 10 at% of powdery metals (V, Nb, Ti, Pd) or metal oxides (VO, NbO); this improves due to the catalytic acceleration of the dissociation of H2 in a known manner (G. Liang, J. Huot, S. Boily, and R.
  • carbon nanotubes As an alternative to the nanotubes, carbon fibers with a high modulus and a diameter of a few ⁇ m can be used (for example, to be obtained from Goodfellow, quality P100, diameter 10 ⁇ m, Young module 720 GPa, or quality F500, diameter 9 ⁇ m, Young's module 500 GPa), as well as metallic or mineral fibers (e.g. AI, B, or SiC). Since the shear stress at the interface between fiber and matrix increases almost linearly with the diameter of the fiber, thin fibers with diameters between 1 nm (carbon nanotubes) and 10 ⁇ m (commercial carbon fibers) are used to prevent slipping at the interface.
  • carbon fibers with a high modulus and a diameter of a few ⁇ m can be used (for example, to be obtained from Goodfellow, quality P100, diameter 10 ⁇ m, Young module 720 GPa, or quality F500, diameter 9 ⁇ m, Young's module 500 GPa), as well as metallic or mineral fibers (e.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une matière de stockage d'hydrogène. L'invention a pour objet la production d'une matière de stockage rendant possible la récupération d'hydrogène à basse température. A cet effet est utilisé un composite constitué d'un métal de formation d'hydrure ou d'un alliage métallique de formation d'hydrure en tant que matrice, et d'une phase inerte, la phase inerte étant finement répartie dans la matrice.
PCT/EP2002/004691 2001-05-21 2002-04-27 Matiere de stockage d'hydrogene Ceased WO2002094712A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10124963A DE10124963A1 (de) 2001-05-21 2001-05-21 Material zum Speichern von Wasserstoff
DE10124963.2 2001-05-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002094712A1 true WO2002094712A1 (fr) 2002-11-28

Family

ID=7685754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/004691 Ceased WO2002094712A1 (fr) 2001-05-21 2002-04-27 Matiere de stockage d'hydrogene

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10124963A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002094712A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2924707A1 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-12 Centre Nat Rech Scient Materiau de stockage d'hydrogene a base d'hydrure de magnesium

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19826681A1 (de) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Niels Marquardt Getter-Werkstoffe in Form dünner Schichten auf der Basis gassorbierender Metalle oder fullerenartiger Kohlenstoff-Nanostrukturen, Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Schichten und Verwendung derselben zur Hochvakuumerzeugung und Gasspeicherung
EP1010770A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de matériaux composites ayant une matrice de métal renforcée par des fibres de carbone
CN1259584A (zh) * 2000-01-20 2000-07-12 南开大学 储氢合金/碳纳米管复合储氢材料
WO2000040509A1 (fr) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-13 Osaka Gas Company Limited Tube de carbone amorphe de l'ordre du nanometre et son procede de fabrication
EP1022763A1 (fr) * 1999-01-25 2000-07-26 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dispositif comrenant de nanotubes de carbone alignes et tronques et procédé de fabrication
CN1270422A (zh) * 2000-05-12 2000-10-18 南开大学 储氢合金/纳米碳材料的复合储氢电极材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2550584A1 (de) * 1975-11-11 1977-05-12 Deutsche Automobilgesellsch Formbestaendiges wasserstoffspeichermaterial
DE2855476A1 (de) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-03 Daimler Benz Ag Metallhydridspeicher und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3144913A1 (de) * 1981-11-12 1983-05-19 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Verfahren zum verpressen sproeder grobkoerniger metallegierungspulver zu geformten presslingen und deren verwendung fuer hydridspeicher
DE3205723C1 (de) * 1982-02-18 1983-05-05 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zum Phlegmatisieren der Füllung von Metallhydridspeichern
JPS61132501A (ja) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-20 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 水素吸蔵合金成形体
DE4439782B4 (de) * 1993-11-05 2005-07-28 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Moriguchi Behälter, der mit einer Anzahl von Pulvern von wasserstoffabsorbierenden Legierungen gepackt ist, und Formkörper
CA2220503A1 (fr) * 1997-11-07 1999-05-07 Leszek Zaluski Composition pour le stockage de l'hydrogene

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19826681A1 (de) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Niels Marquardt Getter-Werkstoffe in Form dünner Schichten auf der Basis gassorbierender Metalle oder fullerenartiger Kohlenstoff-Nanostrukturen, Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Schichten und Verwendung derselben zur Hochvakuumerzeugung und Gasspeicherung
EP1010770A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication de matériaux composites ayant une matrice de métal renforcée par des fibres de carbone
WO2000040509A1 (fr) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-13 Osaka Gas Company Limited Tube de carbone amorphe de l'ordre du nanometre et son procede de fabrication
EP1146013A1 (fr) * 1998-12-28 2001-10-17 Osaka Gas Company Limited Tube de carbone amorphe de l'ordre du nanometre et son procede de fabrication
EP1022763A1 (fr) * 1999-01-25 2000-07-26 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dispositif comrenant de nanotubes de carbone alignes et tronques et procédé de fabrication
CN1259584A (zh) * 2000-01-20 2000-07-12 南开大学 储氢合金/碳纳米管复合储氢材料
CN1270422A (zh) * 2000-05-12 2000-10-18 南开大学 储氢合金/纳米碳材料的复合储氢电极材料及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200054, Derwent World Patents Index; Class E36, AN 2000-572910, XP002213477 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200108, Derwent World Patents Index; Class L03, AN 2001-062298, XP002213476 *
KAGAWA Y ET AL: "Some mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced magnesium-matrix composite fabricated by squeeze casting", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS, 1 FEB. 1992, UK, vol. 11, no. 3, pages 176 - 178, XP002213475, ISSN: 0261-8028 *
ZALUSKA A ET AL: "Nanocrystalline magnesium for hydrogen storage", JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 288, no. 1-2, 29 June 1999 (1999-06-29), pages 217 - 225, XP004364461, ISSN: 0925-8388 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2924707A1 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-12 Centre Nat Rech Scient Materiau de stockage d'hydrogene a base d'hydrure de magnesium
WO2009080986A3 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2009-09-03 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S) Matériau de stockage d'hydrogène à base d'hydrure de magnésium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10124963A1 (de) 2002-12-05

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