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WO2002058187A1 - Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002058187A1
WO2002058187A1 PCT/GB2002/000096 GB0200096W WO02058187A1 WO 2002058187 A1 WO2002058187 A1 WO 2002058187A1 GB 0200096 W GB0200096 W GB 0200096W WO 02058187 A1 WO02058187 A1 WO 02058187A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
ground plane
antenna arrangement
antenna element
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2002/000096
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Smith
Sonya Amos
Dean Kitchener
Dawn Power
David Adams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nortel Networks Ltd
Original Assignee
Nortel Networks Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nortel Networks Ltd filed Critical Nortel Networks Ltd
Priority to EP02732089A priority Critical patent/EP1356542A1/fr
Priority to CA2435099A priority patent/CA2435099C/fr
Publication of WO2002058187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002058187A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas for radio communications, and in particular although not exclusively to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radio communications systems.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a relatively new radio communications technology known as multiple input multiple 20 output (MIMO) systems which provide for increased system capacity by exploiting orthogonal propagation paths are being investigated for use in cellular and WLAN applications.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple 20 output
  • Such systems exploit parallel or decorrelated radio channels between a receive and transmit antenna.
  • a number of antenna elements are used on both the transmitter and receiver antennas which together with appropriate beam forming and 5 signal processing technologies are capable of providing two or more orthogonal radio propagation channels between the two antennas.
  • the antenna elements are spaced apart in order to decorrelate the signals associated with adjacent antenna elements.
  • the present invention provides an antenna arrangement comprising: a first, a second, and a third ground plane each arranged substantially perpendicular to the others; a first, a second, and a third antenna element associated ' with respectively said first, said second, and said third ground planes.
  • each said antenna element is a transmission line loaded antenna having a section extending perpendicular and a section extending in parallel with respect to said associated ground plane.
  • an antenna arrangement wherein said antenna elements are arranged such that at any azimuth angle one of said antenna elements has a first predetermined polarisation, and another of said antenna elements has an orthogonal polarisation.
  • an antenna arrangement wherein said antenna elements are arranged such that a third of said antenna elements has one of said polarisations and is spaced apart from the antenna element having the same polarisation in any azimuth angle.
  • an antenna arrangement as further comprising a fourth antenna element associated with a fourth ground plane, wherein said fourth ground plane is parallel with said first ground plane, and wherein the parallel section of said first antenna element extends in a direction perpendicular to that of the parallel section of said fourth antenna element.
  • said first and fourth ground planes are co- planar.
  • antenna elements are planar inverted F antennas.
  • an antenna arrangement and further comprising an additional antenna element associated with each said ground plane.
  • each said additional antenna element has a parallel section extending in a direction perpendicular to that of the parallel section of the other antenna on the associated ground plane.
  • an antenna arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein a said ground plane comprises metallised portions removed therefrom in order to improve the azimuth radiation pattern.
  • the present invention provides a Multiple Input Multiple Output communications system comprising: an antenna arrangement comprising: a first, a second, and a third ground plane each arranged substantially perpendicular to the others; a first, a second, and a third antenna element associated with respectively said first, said second, and said third ground planes; and signal processing means arranged to implement a Space Time Coding communications transmission or reception method.
  • the present invention provides a method of implementing a wireless communications system and comprising: providing a first, a second, and a third ground plane each arranged substantially perpendicular to the others; a first, a second, and a third antenna element associated with respectively said first, said second, and said third ground planes; and providing signal processing means arranged to implement a Space Time Coding communications transmission or reception method.
  • the present invention provides an antenna arrangement comprising: a first, a second, and a third ground plane each arranged substantially perpendicular to the others; a first, a second, and a third antenna element associated with respectively said first, said second, and said third ground planes, each antenna element arranged to radiate in a predetermined polarisation in elevation and azimuth with respect to said respective associated ground plane.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show plan and elevation views of a preferred antenna arrangement according to the present invention
  • Figure 1 c shows a modified version of the antenna arrangement of figures 1 a and 1b;
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the antenna arrangement of figure 1 ;
  • Figures 3a, b, c and d show the measured azimuth patterns for the four antenna elements of the antenna arrangement of figure 1 ;
  • Figures 4a and 4b show detailed views of the preferred edge and face antenna elements of the antenna of figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a second preferred antenna arrangement according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows measured azimuth gains of the antenna elements of the antenna arrangement of figure 5 in an upright position
  • Figure 7 shows the total azimuth gain of the antenna elements of the antenna of figure 5 in a flat or horizontal position.
  • the present invention recognises that for MIMO antenna systems in particular, it will be desirable to provide three or more diverse antenna elements in a compact radio terminal.
  • the antennas need to provide substantially omnidirectional azimuth plane coverage without fading correlations between any pair of antennas. It is recognised that the signal received from the base station can arrive at any principal angle relative to the orientation of the terminal, which is determined by the users orientation. In practice there will be angle spread about the principal direction, for example of the order of 45° for an outdoor to indoor path and this can be advantageously exploited by the MIMO system to provide parallel channels from reasonably closely spaced antenna elements. Whilst the present invention has particular application in MIMO cellular and WLAN applications, the antennas could also be used in other applications such as standard receive or transmit diversity for example.
  • the antenna arrangement of the first preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 1 a, 1 b and 2.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 comprises three orthogonal ground planes 2a, 2b and 2c, and three antenna elements, 3a, 3b and 3c, each associated or corresponding with one of the ground planes.
  • the elements 3a, 3b and 3c are fed against their respective ground planes.
  • the ground planes 2 may be of metal or metallized plastic for example.
  • the antenna elements 3a-c are each arranged to radiate in both elevation and azimuth with respect to their associated ground plane.
  • each antenna element is arranged to radiate in azimuth with a predetermined polarisation; which varies from element to element at any azimuth angle.
  • the antenna elements 3 preferably each comprise a section extending perpendicular to its respective ground plane and a section extending in parallel with its respective ground plane as shown.
  • transmission line loaded antennas are used, for example bent folded monopoles, transmission line loaded monopoles, inverted F antennas, planar inverted F antennas.
  • Sections of one or more of the metallized ground planes can be removed close to the respective antennas to improve the azimuth radiation pattern.
  • square or rectangular sections having dimensions similar to those of the antenna elements can be removed close to the antenna elements; whilst still leaving the ground plane
  • the antenna arrangement could also be constructed using a plastics base with metallisation sections for the ground planes. These can be arranged such that they only extend underneath the antenna element.
  • An example of a section of metallisation 5 as the ground plane (2a) for element 3a is shown in dashed outline in figure 1 c.
  • the antenna elements 3 comprise orthogonal polarisation components and also comprise spatial separation sufficient to increase the number of orthogonal channels available to MIMO system communications.
  • the antenna elements 3a, 3b and 3c are arranged such that in each of the three spatial planes there are orthogonally polarised parts of the elements or the elements are arranged to transmit/receive signals in each spatial plane which are orthogonally polarised.
  • an additional antenna element 3d is provided against the main ground plane 2a.
  • Antenna elements 3a and 3d are preferably fed against the same ground plane, but are spaced apart to provide spatial diversity.
  • the sections of the antenna elements 3a and 3d which extend parallel to the ground plane 2a are orientated differently to provide polarisation diversity. Preferably these sections are orthogonal to each other. While the ground planes associated with antenna element 3a and 3d are preferably co-planar or the same ground plane, different ground planes could alternatively be used which are parallel to each other.
  • a preferred application for the antenna arrangement illustrated in figures 1a and 1b is for use within a laptop computer enclosure, and in particular the screen part of that enclosure which is typically orientated vertically whilst in use.
  • the metal parts of the laptop terminal have a major influence on the radiating properties of the antennas and preferably the antenna elements 3a-d are located adjacent the top corners of the main ground plane 2a. It has been determined that the screen of a laptop is also conductive and as such hinders the radiating characteristics of any elements located beneath it.
  • the antenna element 3d is also located near the top of the main ground plane 2a which preferably has an extension 2d illustrated in figure 1c, which is adjacent the antenna element 3d to aid matching.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 is preferably less than 10mm deep.
  • the invention provides 3 or 4 independent antennas for three or four way diversity to allow MIMO operation in for example a 2:3 or 2:4 or 4:4 mode (2 or 4 antennas at the base, 3 or 4 at the terminal), to increase downlink capacity in a cellular radio system.
  • the performance of the four antennas is good, with low correlations between all four elements, and reasonable coverage in the azimuth plane.
  • planar inverted F antenna (PI FA) elements are used.
  • the two antenna elements 3a and 3d on the main ground plane 2a are separated as far as possible and are oriented orthogonally to each other, so that the polarisation characteristics of the four antennas are as different as possible, utilising all three perpendicular planes through the antenna arrangement 1.
  • FIG. 4a The preferred dimensions for these elements tuned to the PCS1900 frequency band are shown in figures 4a and 4b.
  • An edge element 3b or 3c having the minor ground planes 2b or 2c is shown in figure 3a, and a face element 3a or 3d having the main ground plane 2a is shown in figure 3b.
  • the location of the ground pin with respect to the feeding pin has a direct effect on the tuning of the element.
  • the configuration shown aids in tuning, and is preferred to having the ground and feed pins co-located which tends to be less stable and harder to match in practice.
  • the air gap between the feed and ground pins is much less for the face elements 3a and 3d due to the larger ground plane. A decrease from 9mm to approximately 3mm has been used for the two different antenna element designs.
  • the ground and pin feed structures are preferably 4mm wide for the edge elements and 5mm for the face elements which aids manufacturing.
  • the edge elements are lower in height but longer in length than the corresponding face elements to obtain the best match with the different width ground plane.
  • the width of the antenna arrangement 1 is 10mm to allow the edge elements to fit within the depth of the laptop screen, while still allowing sufficient bandwidth for the PCS 1900 band (1850 - 1990MHz.
  • the described antenna arrangement is advantageous over prior art arrangements which use four spatially separated antenna elements. Such antenna arrangements are not effective in all azimuth directions, and are therefore not ideal for mobile terminal applications. Whilst the described antenna arrangement 1 is optimised for a laptop computer, it could also be used in personal digital assistants (PDA's), mobile phones, vehicle terminals and stand alone antenna units. (Others?).
  • FIG. 5 shows a second preferred embodiment antenna arrangement 10 of the present invention which comprises antenna elements 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d with respective ground plane sections 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d.
  • the antenna elements 13 and ground plane sections 12 are analogous to those of the first preferred embodiment antenna arrangement 1 , however the antenna elements 13 are more evenly spaced about the antenna arrangement 10 which improves its diversity performance when the unit is placed in a flat orientation, as then the azimuth spacings are maximised.
  • the antenna arrangement 10 however is not suitable for laptop computers which will have metal or conducting components near the base of the antenna arrangement which would interfere with the operation of the lower antenna elements 13a and 13d.
  • This antenna arrangement 10 is more suitable for a stand alone unit which might be connected to a computer terminal, laptop, PDA or hand held terminal not having its own internal antenna arrangement 1.
  • Figure 6 shows the total azimuth gain of PIFA antenna elements 13 whilst the antenna arrangement 10 is in an upright position, i.e. the ground planes 12a and 12d are vertically oriented.
  • Figure 7 shows the total azimuth gain of the same elements while the antenna arrangement 10 is in a flat position, i.e. ground planes 12a and 12b are horizontal.
  • the total gain in each case is the sum of the powers in the horizontal and vertical polarisations.
  • the performance of the four antennas is good, with low correlations between all four elements, and reasonable coverage in the azimuth plane for both upright and flat orientations.
  • the antenna arrangement 10 also comprises a number of metallized boxes 14 which form part of the ground plane structures 12. These boxes can be used to house radio frequency transmission and reception equipment as well as interworking functions for example to enable a computer port to be coupled directly to the antenna unit
  • additional diverse antenna elements can be added to the antenna arrangement 1 or 10 to further improve MIMO system performance.
  • each ground place 2a or 12a, 2b or 12b, 2c or 12c and 2d or 12d has additional antenna elements (not shown).
  • these antenna elements are also PIFA'a and preferably their parallel section is perpendicular to the parallel section of the other antenna element associated with that ground plane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des antennes de communication radio et, en particulier, mais pas exclusivement, des systèmes de communication radio à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO). Un dispositif d'antenne comprend un premier, un deuxième et un troisième plan de sol, chacun disposé de manière sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport aux autres ; un premier, un deuxième et un troisième élément d'antenne respectivement associés au premier, deuxième et troisième plan de sol, chaque élément d'antenne étant destiné à rayonner selon une polarisation prédéterminée en élévation et azimut par rapport au plan de sol associé respectif.
PCT/GB2002/000096 2001-01-19 2002-01-11 Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples Ceased WO2002058187A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02732089A EP1356542A1 (fr) 2001-01-19 2002-01-11 Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples
CA2435099A CA2435099C (fr) 2001-01-19 2002-01-11 Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/765,532 US6426723B1 (en) 2001-01-19 2001-01-19 Antenna arrangement for multiple input multiple output communications systems
US09/765,532 2001-01-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002058187A1 true WO2002058187A1 (fr) 2002-07-25

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/GB2002/000096 Ceased WO2002058187A1 (fr) 2001-01-19 2002-01-11 Dispositif d'antenne perfectionne pour systemes de communication a entrees multiples et sorties multiples

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6426723B1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1657779B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2435099C (fr)
DE (1) DE60226790D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002058187A1 (fr)

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EP1657779B1 (fr) 2008-05-21
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