WO2002052260A9 - Biosensor and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Biosensor and method of producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002052260A9 WO2002052260A9 PCT/EP2001/015225 EP0115225W WO02052260A9 WO 2002052260 A9 WO2002052260 A9 WO 2002052260A9 EP 0115225 W EP0115225 W EP 0115225W WO 02052260 A9 WO02052260 A9 WO 02052260A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- protective layer
- biosensor
- plasmon
- hydrogel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a biosensor with a support, a plason-supporting layer arranged on the support made of a metal with free electrons or a semiconductor, an intermediate layer and an external hydrogel layer with the possibility of connecting receptors for the binding of analytes and the property of avoiding unspecific adsorption.
- Such a biosensor is e.g. known from DE 198 17 180 C2.
- the biosensor whose hydrogel layer consists of a polymer, for example dextran, amylose or celulose and whose receptors are formed, for example, by proteins (e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins), glycoproteins, nykleotids or DNA, to which an analyte (binding partner) can serve to detect certain molecules (in particular biomolecules) in a sample to be examined, for which purpose an optical plasmon resonance measurement is carried out.
- proteins e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins
- glycoproteins e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins
- nykleotids or DNA to which an analyte (binding partner) can serve to detect certain molecules (in particular biomolecules) in a sample to be examined, for which purpose an optical plasmon resonance measurement is carried out.
- a covalently bound organic compound predominantly sulfur compound
- the plasmon-bearing noble metal layer in particular gold layer
- the intermediate layer made of a polymer
- a further linker is used to bind the hydrogel (main polymer).
- the object of the invention is to create a biosensor which is comparatively simple to manufacture and which is insensitive to disturbing contamination of the plasmon-bearing layer.
- plasmon-carrying layer Contains protective layer, which is physisorbed on the plasmon-carrying layer and to which the hydrogel layer is connected.
- the physisorption provided according to the invention makes chemical binding in the manner of a linker to the plasmon-carrying layer superfluous.
- the physisorbed protective layer for example a very thin silicon oxide layer, protects the plasmon-bearing layer from contamination in an excellent manner, in particular in combination with the hydrogel layer it prevents the so-called unspecific adsorption. This result is already achieved with a thin protective layer of less than 10 nm, in particular less than 5 nm, which seals the plasmon-carrying layer, without this
- the hydrogel layer can be more easily connected to the physisorbed protective layer and known and proven coating methods can be adopted from other areas. Furthermore, when the plasmon-bearing noble metal layer is applied by vapor deposition or sputtering onto the carrier, the protective layer can also be applied in one step in a labor-saving manner.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing the biosensor according to the invention, in which a plasmon-carrying layer is applied to a carrier, which is then covered with a hydrogel layer with the interposition of an intermediate layer.
- this method is characterized in that after the plasmon-carrying layer has been applied to the intermediate layer, a protective layer is physisorbed, whereupon the hydrogel layer is attached to the intermediate layer.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 the result of optical plasmon resonance measurements (detector response curves) with a biosensor according to FIG. 1 with a physisorbed protective layer (FIG. 4) and without such a protective layer ( Figure 3) show.
- a plasmon-carrying layer 2 is arranged on a carrier 1, for example a glass prism, which can be a noble metal layer, in particular a gold layer, a silver layer or a semiconductor layer. Between the Carrier 1 and layer 2 can be provided with an adhesion promoter (not shown). As shown in FIG. 1, there is an intermediate layer 3 on layer 2.
- An ultra-thin silicon monoxide was applied to layer 2 by means of an adhesion promoter, for example nickel / chromium, titanium, chromium, by means of thermal vapor deposition, sputtering, electron beam evaporation, sol gel technology or plasma polymerization Layer (SiO layer) of less than 5 nm thickness applied. The SiO is oxidized to SiO 2 in air and forms a protective layer 4 on the plasmon-carrying layer 2.
- a hydrogel layer 6 e.g. Dextran, amylose or cellulose.
- This hydrogel layer 6 can be provided with receptors 7 in a known manner, e.g. Proteins (e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins), glycoproteins, nucleotides, DNA, to which only the analytes to be detected, mainly biomolecules, attach, provided that they are in a sample to be applied to the hydrogel layer 6.
- FIG. 2 shows a biosensor modified compared to FIG. 1, but which in the same way has a carrier 1, a plasmon-carrying layer 2 and a hydrogel layer 6 with receptors 7.
- the intermediate layer 8 has a protective layer 9, for the formation of which a polymer, for example polyacrylic acid, was applied to the surface of the layer 2 by means of plasma polymerization.
- the hydrogel layer 6 is attached to this polymer layer 9 serving as a protective layer by means of a linker 10.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bezeichnung: Biosensor und Verfahren zu seinerName: Biosensor and method for its
Herstellungmanufacturing
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Biosensor mit einem Träger, einer auf dem Träger angeordneten, plas onentragenden Schicht aus einem Metall mit freien Elektronen bzw. einem Halbleiter, einer Zwischenschicht und einer außenliegenden Hydrogelschicht mit der Möglichkeit zum Anbinden von Rezeptoren für die Bindung von Analyten und der Eigenschaft, unspezifische Adsorption zu vermeiden.The invention relates to a biosensor with a support, a plason-supporting layer arranged on the support made of a metal with free electrons or a semiconductor, an intermediate layer and an external hydrogel layer with the possibility of connecting receptors for the binding of analytes and the property of avoiding unspecific adsorption.
Ein derartiger Biosensor (Affinitätssensor) ist z.B. aus DE 198 17 180 C2 bekannt.Such a biosensor (affinity sensor) is e.g. known from DE 198 17 180 C2.
Der Biosensor, dessen Hydrogelschicht aus einem Polymer, beispielsweise Dextran, Amylose oder Celulose besteht und dessen Rezeptoren beispielsweise von Proteinen (z. B. Antikörper, Antigenen, Membranproteinen) , Glykoproteinen, Nykleotiden oder DNA gebildet sind, an die sich ein Analyt (Bindungspartner) anlagern kann, dient dem Nachweis bestimmter Moleküle (insbesondere Biomoleküle) in einer zu untersuchenden Probe, wozu eine optische Plasmonenresonanzmessung vorgenommen wird. Bei den bekannten Biosensoren ist eine kovalentgebundene organische Verbindung, vorwiegend Schwefelverbindung, als Linker zwischen der plasmonentragenden Edelmetallschicht (insbesondere Goldschicht) und der Zwischenschicht aus einem Polymer vorgesehen, und ein weiterer Linker dient zum Anbinden des Hydrogels (Hauptpolymer) . Dieser Aufbau erfordert nicht nur eine vergleichsweise aufwändige Herstellung sondern hat auch den Nachteil, daß es zu einer störenden Verunreinigung der reaktiven Goldschicht durch Substanzen, z.B. von organischen Verbindungen aus der Luft, kommen kann, was wiederum eine aufwändige Reinigungsprozedur bedingt.The biosensor, whose hydrogel layer consists of a polymer, for example dextran, amylose or celulose and whose receptors are formed, for example, by proteins (e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins), glycoproteins, nykleotids or DNA, to which an analyte (binding partner) can serve to detect certain molecules (in particular biomolecules) in a sample to be examined, for which purpose an optical plasmon resonance measurement is carried out. In the known biosensors, a covalently bound organic compound, predominantly sulfur compound, is provided as a linker between the plasmon-bearing noble metal layer (in particular gold layer) and the intermediate layer made of a polymer, and a further linker is used to bind the hydrogel (main polymer). This structure not only requires a comparatively complex production but also has the disadvantage that the reactive gold layer can be contaminated by substances, for example organic compounds from the air, which in turn requires a complex cleaning procedure.
Dementsprechend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Biosensor zu schaffen, der sich vergleichsweise einfach herstellen läßt und der unanfällig gegen störende Verunreinigung der plasmonentragenden Schicht ist.Accordingly, the object of the invention is to create a biosensor which is comparatively simple to manufacture and which is insensitive to disturbing contamination of the plasmon-bearing layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Zwi- schenschicht eine die plasmonentragende Schicht abdeckendeThis object is achieved according to the invention in that the intermediate layer covers the plasmone-bearing layer
Schutzschicht enthält, die auf die plasmonentragende Schicht physisorbiert ist und mit der die Hydrogelschicht verbunden ist.Contains protective layer, which is physisorbed on the plasmon-carrying layer and to which the hydrogel layer is connected.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Physisorption, also eine Bindung über elektrostatische Kräfte, macht ein chemisches Anbinden nach Art eines Linkers an die plasmonentragende Schicht überflüssig. Die physisorbierte Schutzschicht, beispielsweise eine sehr dünne Siliziumoxidschicht, schützt die plasmonentra- gende Schicht in hervorragender Weise vor Verunreinigungen, insbesondere verhindert sie in Kombination mit der Hydrogelschicht die sogenannte unspezifische Adsorption. Dieses Ergebnis wird bereits mit einer die plasmonentragende Schicht versiegelnden dünnen Schutzschicht von weniger als 10 nm, ins- besonder weniger als 5 nm, erreicht, ohne daß durch dieseThe physisorption provided according to the invention, that is to say binding via electrostatic forces, makes chemical binding in the manner of a linker to the plasmon-carrying layer superfluous. The physisorbed protective layer, for example a very thin silicon oxide layer, protects the plasmon-bearing layer from contamination in an excellent manner, in particular in combination with the hydrogel layer it prevents the so-called unspecific adsorption. This result is already achieved with a thin protective layer of less than 10 nm, in particular less than 5 nm, which seals the plasmon-carrying layer, without this
Schutzschicht der für die Messungen relevante physikalische Effekt verloren geht. Weitere Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Biosensors bestehen darin, daß sich die Hydrogelschicht einfacher an die physisor- bierte Schutzschicht anbinden laßt und sich bekannte und bewährte Beschichtungsmethoden aus anderen Bereichen übernehmen lassen. Weiter läßt sich beim Aufbringen der plasmonentragenden Edelmetallschicht durch Aufdampfen oder Sputtern auf den Träger in arbeitssparender Weise in einem Schritt auch die Schutzschicht aufbringen.Protective layer of the physical effect relevant for the measurements is lost. Further advantages of the biosensor according to the invention are that the hydrogel layer can be more easily connected to the physisorbed protective layer and known and proven coating methods can be adopted from other areas. Furthermore, when the plasmon-bearing noble metal layer is applied by vapor deposition or sputtering onto the carrier, the protective layer can also be applied in one step in a labor-saving manner.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des erfindungsgemäßen Biosensors, bei dem auf einen Träger eine plasmonentragende Schicht aufgebracht wird, die dann unter Zwischenfügung einer Zwischenschicht mit einer Hydrogelschicht überdeckt wird.The invention also relates to a method for producing the biosensor according to the invention, in which a plasmon-carrying layer is applied to a carrier, which is then covered with a hydrogel layer with the interposition of an intermediate layer.
Dieses Verfahren ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Aufbringen der plasmonentragenden Schicht auf diese als Zwischenschicht eine Schutzschicht physisorbiert wird, worauf an die Zwischenschicht die Hydrogelschicht angelagert wird.According to the invention, this method is characterized in that after the plasmon-carrying layer has been applied to the intermediate layer, a protective layer is physisorbed, whereupon the hydrogel layer is attached to the intermediate layer.
Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Expedient refinements and developments of the invention result from the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von zwei Beispielen und den zugehörigen schematischen Figuren 1 und 2 der beiden beispielhaften Biosensoren näher erläutert, wobei die Figuren 3 und 4 das Ergebnis optischer Plasmonenresonanzmessungen (Detektorantwortskurven) mit einem Biosensor gemäß Figur 1 mit physisorbierter Schutzschicht (Figur 4) und ohne eine solche Schutzschicht (Figur 3) zeigen.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of two examples and the associated schematic FIGS. 1 and 2 of the two exemplary biosensors, FIGS. 3 and 4 the result of optical plasmon resonance measurements (detector response curves) with a biosensor according to FIG. 1 with a physisorbed protective layer (FIG. 4) and without such a protective layer (Figure 3) show.
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Auf einem Träger 1, beispielsweise ein Glasprisma, ist eine plasmonentragende Schicht 2 angeordnet, bei der es sich um eine Edelmetallschicht, insbesondere eine Goldschicht, eine Silberschicht oder eine Halbleiterschicht handeln kann. Zwischen dem Träger 1 und der Schicht 2 kann ein Haftvermittler (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen sein. Wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, befindet sich auf der Schicht 2 eine Zwischenschicht 3. Auf die Schicht 2 wurde über einen Haftvermittler, z.B. Nickel/Chrom, Titan, Chrom, mittels thermischen Aufdampfens, Sputterns, Elektronen- strahlverdampfens, Solgeltechnik oder Plasmapolymerisation eine ultradünne Siliziummonoxid-Schicht (SiO-Schicht) von weniger als 5 nm Dicke aufgebracht. Das SiO ist an der Luft zu Siθ2 oxidiert und bildet eine Schutzschicht 4 auf der plasmonentra- genden Schicht 2.A plasmon-carrying layer 2 is arranged on a carrier 1, for example a glass prism, which can be a noble metal layer, in particular a gold layer, a silver layer or a semiconductor layer. Between the Carrier 1 and layer 2 can be provided with an adhesion promoter (not shown). As shown in FIG. 1, there is an intermediate layer 3 on layer 2. An ultra-thin silicon monoxide was applied to layer 2 by means of an adhesion promoter, for example nickel / chromium, titanium, chromium, by means of thermal vapor deposition, sputtering, electron beam evaporation, sol gel technology or plasma polymerization Layer (SiO layer) of less than 5 nm thickness applied. The SiO is oxidized to SiO 2 in air and forms a protective layer 4 on the plasmon-carrying layer 2.
Anschließend wurde die Oberfläche der Schutzschicht 4 silani- siert, wie es dem Fachmann bekannt und u.a. von Elam, Nygren und Stenberg im Artikel "Covalent coupling of polysaccharides to Silicon and Silicon rubber surfaces" in Journal of Biomedi- cal Materials Research, Vol. 18, 953 bis 959 (1984) beschrieben ist. Über die so gebildete Silanschicht 5 ist eine Hydrogelschicht 6, z.B. Dextran, Amylose oder Cellulose, angeschlossen. Diese Hydrogelschicht 6 kann in bekannter Weise mit Rezeptoren 7 versehen werden, z.B. Proteinen (z.B Antikörpern, Antigenen, Membranproteinen) , Glykoproteinen, Nukleotiden, DNA, an die sich nur die nachzuweisenden Analyte, vorwiegend Biomoleküle, anlagern, soweit sich diese in einer auf die Hydrogelschicht 6 aufzubringenden Probe befinden.The surface of the protective layer 4 was then silanized, as is known to the person skilled in the art and i.a. by Elam, Nygren and Stenberg in the article "Covalent coupling of polysaccharides to Silicon and Silicon rubber surfaces" in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 18, 953 to 959 (1984). A hydrogel layer 6, e.g. Dextran, amylose or cellulose. This hydrogel layer 6 can be provided with receptors 7 in a known manner, e.g. Proteins (e.g. antibodies, antigens, membrane proteins), glycoproteins, nucleotides, DNA, to which only the analytes to be detected, mainly biomolecules, attach, provided that they are in a sample to be applied to the hydrogel layer 6.
Zum Nachweis dafür, daß die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene phy- sisorbierte Schutzschicht 4 die Plasmonenresonanzmessung nicht stört, wurden Vergleichsversuche für einen Biosensor ohne die Schutzschicht 4 (Figur 3) und für den Biosensor mit der Schutz- schicht 4 (Figur 4) gemacht. Dabei sind die reflektiertenTo prove that the physisorbed protective layer 4 provided according to the invention does not interfere with the plasmon resonance measurement, comparative tests were carried out for a biosensor without the protective layer 4 (FIG. 3) and for the biosensor with the protective layer 4 (FIG. 4). Here are the reflected
Lichtintensitäten über den durchgestimmten Einfallswinkeln des auf die Unterseite des Trägers 1 gelenkten monochromatischen Lichts dargestellt. Für beide Fälle ist das resonanzbedingte Intensitätsminimum, das einen Hinweis auf die an den Rezeptoren 7 angelagerten Biomoleküle gibt, annähernd gleich deutlich zu erkennen. Dabei entspricht die im Vergleich zu Figur 3 in Figur 4 vorhandene Verschiebung und Verbreiterung der Kurven den theoretischen Annahmen. Exakte Meßergebnisse sind also trotz der vorhandenen Schutzschicht 4 gewährleistet. Beispiel 2 :Light intensities are shown above the tuned angles of incidence of the monochromatic light directed onto the underside of the carrier 1. For both cases, the resonance-related intensity minimum, which gives an indication of the biomolecules attached to the receptors 7, can be recognized approximately equally clearly. The shift and widening of the curves compared to FIG. 3 in FIG. 4 correspond to the theoretical assumptions. Exact measurement results are thus guaranteed despite the protective layer 4 present. Example 2:
Figur 2 zeigt einen gegenüber Figur 1 abgewandelten Biosensor, der jedoch in gleicher Weise einen Träger 1, eine plasmonentragende Schicht 2 und eine Hydrogelschicht 6 mit Rezeptoren 7 aufweist. Abweichend weist die Zwischenschicht 8 eine Schutzschicht 9 auf, zu deren Ausbildung auf die Oberfläche der Schicht 2 mittels Plasmapolymerisation ein Polymer, beispiels- weise Polyacrylsäure, aufgebracht wurde. An diese als Schutzschicht dienende Polymerschicht 9 ist die Hydrogelschicht 6 mittels eines Linkers 10 angelagert. FIG. 2 shows a biosensor modified compared to FIG. 1, but which in the same way has a carrier 1, a plasmon-carrying layer 2 and a hydrogel layer 6 with receptors 7. Deviating from this, the intermediate layer 8 has a protective layer 9, for the formation of which a polymer, for example polyacrylic acid, was applied to the surface of the layer 2 by means of plasma polymerization. The hydrogel layer 6 is attached to this polymer layer 9 serving as a protective layer by means of a linker 10.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002237253A AU2002237253A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-21 | Biosensor and method of producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2000164146 DE10064146A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | Biosensor and method for its production |
| DE10064146.6 | 2000-12-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002052260A2 WO2002052260A2 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| WO2002052260A9 true WO2002052260A9 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| WO2002052260A3 WO2002052260A3 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2001/015225 Ceased WO2002052260A2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-21 | Biosensor and method of producing the same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002237253A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10064146A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002052260A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004061211A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-26 | Shimadzu Corp | Fluorescence detection method and device |
| EP1724584A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-22 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Evanescent wave sensor with attached ligand |
| WO2007061981A2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-31 | Lumera Corporation | Surface plasmon resonance spectrometer with an actuator-driven angle scanning mechanism |
| US7463358B2 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2008-12-09 | Lumera Corporation | Highly stable surface plasmon resonance plates, microarrays, and methods |
| US20080188010A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Fujifilm Corporation | Biosensor substrate |
| JP5021408B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2012-09-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Biosensor |
| US8004669B1 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2011-08-23 | Plexera Llc | SPR apparatus with a high performance fluid delivery system |
| FR2946433B1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2013-07-12 | Ecole Polytechnique Dgar | USE OF AN AMORPHOUS SILICON LAYER AND ANALYSIS METHOD |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8618133D0 (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1986-09-03 | Pa Consulting Services | Biosensors |
| GB8705650D0 (en) * | 1987-03-10 | 1987-04-15 | Pa Consulting Services | Assay technique |
| DE19805809C2 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 2000-02-17 | Biotul Bio Instr Gmbh | Determination of the surface plasmon resonance using locally or temporally modified layers |
| JP2000039401A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-02-08 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Measurement cell for surface plasmon resonance biosensor and its manufacture |
| DE19817180C2 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2000-04-27 | Biotul Bio Instr Gmbh | Biosensor with modified precious metal surface and process for its production |
| DE19853428A1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-25 | Biotul Bio Instr Gmbh | Biosensor, used in surface plasmon resonance techniques, comprises surface layer of precious metal bound to a hydrogel, a surfactant or biotin layer via monolayer of organic molecules |
| DE19818360C2 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2000-05-31 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Dextran coated surface |
-
2000
- 2000-12-22 DE DE2000164146 patent/DE10064146A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-12-21 AU AU2002237253A patent/AU2002237253A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-21 WO PCT/EP2001/015225 patent/WO2002052260A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002052260A2 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| DE10064146A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| AU2002237253A1 (en) | 2002-07-08 |
| WO2002052260A3 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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