WO2002052195A1 - Mobile cremation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile cremation device, comprising a combustion chamber (1) which can be opened and closed with at least one opening (8, 9), at least one hearth (6, 7) which can be activated and deactivated, and a device for removing (10a) and circulating (10b) the waste gas that is formed during the combustion of at least one unit. Oxygen can be added to said waste gas to be circulated in at least one mixer and the mixture of circulated waste gas and oxygen produced in said at least one mixer can be conveyed to the hearth. The device for removing and circulating the waste gas that is formed during the combustion of at least one unit comprises a condenser.

Description

 Mobile cremation facility

description

The invention relates to a mobile cremation device with a combustion chamber which can be opened and closed via at least one opening and has at least one activatable and deactivatable fireplace, and with a device for removing and circulating flue gas which forms when a ner is burned, with the addition of circulating flue gas in at least one mixer admixable oxygen and that in the at least one mixer from circulated! Flue gas and oxygen produced mixture of at least one fireplace can be supplied.

Such a generic, mobile cremation facility is disclosed in DE 196 52 967 CI. The well-known cremation facility is arranged as a mobile container unit in two modules that can be separated from one another and forms an essentially closed system from which, due to the recirculation of the smoke gases produced and the addition of 90% pure oxygen, the amount of smoke gas to be discharged from the nerburning cycle can be reduced. In particular, when recirculating flue gases produced in the known cremation device, the water released from the units to be burned (for example, the human body, when viewed as a unit to be burned, consists of approximately 80% water) is disadvantageously circulated, which leads to an increased rate Energy requirements for the Nerbrennerbetrieb leads. Another disadvantage of the invention according to DE 196 52 967 CI is that the device there only works in batch mode, ie for burning one unit after the other. can be driven while the simultaneous combustion of several units to be burned is not possible.

From AT 396 718 B a portable furnace for the combustion of carcasses is known which, although it enables continuous cremation, can only work in batches. No precautions are disclosed with regard to flue gas circulation or flue gas cleaning, and there is also no closed system.

From WO 92/20965 a mobile cremation device for the embashing of carcasses is known, in which the carcasses can be placed in the combustion chamber by means of a rotatable lifting component and then burned lying on a grate. The water released during the combustion is drawn off in the form of water vapor, just like the released smoke gases via a chimney, so that there is no closed system, which leads to high environmental pollution.

The object of the present invention is to further develop the generic mobile cremation device in such a way that the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome, in particular the mobile cremation device is designed as an essentially closed unit, so that the energy required for combustion in comparison to known mobile cremation devices can be lowered. Furthermore, it should be possible to burn several units to be burned simultaneously, either batchwise or continuously.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the device for removing and circulating flue gas which forms during the combustion of at least one unit comprises a condenser. It is provided according to the invention that the device for removing and circulating flue gas which forms when at least one unit is burned is formed in two parts, and the condenser is encompassed by the device for circulating flue gas.

It is also provided according to the invention that the device for removing and circulating flue gas which forms during the combustion of at least one unit comprises at least one heat exchanger.

Furthermore, according to the invention it is provided that when condensation of water contained in the flue gas in the condenser and / or cooling of the flue gas in the heat exchanger, heat released can be returned to the combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that the flue gas formed during combustion can be guided in the device for circulating flue gas in sequence at least via a coarse filter, a suction draft, the condenser and the mixer, which can preferably be controlled via at least one CO sensor, and the flue gas subsequently can be returned to the combustion chamber via lines.

It is further provided that the device for removing flue gas formed during combustion, in turn, at least one control flap, preferably controlled by at least one sensor, such as a pressure sensor or the like, the heat exchanger, a filter system, adsorbents, odor neutralizers, a catalytic agent Entstik- and / or a means for dispensing aroma substances, wherein the cleaned, odorless or mixed with aroma flue gas can preferably be released to the environment via a suction and a chimney. It is also proposed according to the invention that the combustion chamber has a conveyor, a feed unit and a discharge unit are arranged upstream or downstream of the combustion chamber, on the conveyor the units to be burned are placed spaced apart in receptacles, the receptacles by means of the feed unit through the at least one opening the conveying device and the conveying device of the discharge unit can be fed through the at least one opening or a further opening.

According to the invention, it is proposed that the mobile cremation facility be operated in batches.

Furthermore, it can also be provided according to the invention that the mobile cremation facility can be operated continuously.

It is further provided that each opening comprises a lock, and the combustion chamber represents an essentially closed system.

It is also proposed according to the invention that the receptacle comprises a trough, preferably with a grating attachment.

It is also proposed that protective screens can be set up on the conveyor between adjacent receptacles.

Furthermore, it is proposed according to the invention that each fireplace has at least one burner nozzle to which flue gas, support energy and / or oxygen, preferably pure oxygen, can be supplied.

A plurality of burner nozzles can be provided, the oxygen concentration supplied to each individual burner nozzle preferably being adjustable independently of one another by means of its own mixer. It is also provided according to the invention that the mobile cremation device has dimensions of a freight wagon container and can be placed on a freight wagon platform.

It is also proposed according to the invention that the mobile cremation device can be operated under computer control.

Finally, according to the invention, a separation unit for ash produced from a burned unit is proposed, the separation preferably being controllable unit by unit.

The invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that by means of a condenser which is arranged in the device for removing and circulating flue gas which forms at least one unit during combustion, the energy requirement for the combustion can be drastically reduced since water vapor is not circulated needs to be. In addition, the invention forms an essentially closed system, both in a batch operation and in a continuous process, so that the amount of flue gas to be released to the environment can be significantly reduced compared to already known mobile cremation facilities.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description, in which an exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in detail on the basis of schematic drawings. It shows:

1 shows a cross-sectional view of a mobile cremation device according to the invention in the closed system state; Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a burner nozzle assembly on a

Pipe for the device according to Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a block diagram for a device for the circulation of itself in the

Combustion-forming flue gas for the device according to FIG. 1;

Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view vertical to Figure 1 along the line A-A; and

5 shows a trough according to the invention with a grating attachment for a device according to FIG. 1.

Figure 1 shows a mobile cremation device according to the invention with a combustion chamber 1. In the lower part of the burner chamber 1, a combustion chamber conveyor belt 2 is arranged, on which coffins 4 stored in trays 3 are placed, the trays 3 being able to be separated from one another by protective screens 5. Each tub 3 can consist of a simple shell; however, it is also conceivable that the coffin 4 is placed on a grate top 32 in the tub 3, as shown in particular in FIG. A dispensing device 37 for dispensing protective screens 5 onto the combustion chamber conveyor belt 2 is arranged on a front end face 51 of the combustion chamber 1, and on a rear side 52 of the combustion chamber 1 there is a receiving device 38 for receiving protective screens 5. The dispensing device 37 and receiving device 38 are connected via a Guide rail (not shown) for returning the protective screens 5 from the receiving device 38 to the delivery device 37 connected. A number of burner nozzles 6 are arranged on a pipeline 7 somewhat above the combustion chamber conveyor belt 2, as shown in particular in FIG. The burner nozzles 6 can be directed at each coffin 4 to be burned at different angles and can be arranged at different heights relative to the longitudinal sides 50 of the combustion chamber 1. It is expedient to arrange burner nozzles 6 along both longitudinal sides 50 of the combustion chamber 1, in particular indicated in Figure 4, so that the coffin 4 to be burned can be flamed from two sides.

Openings 8, 9 are arranged on the end faces 51, 52 of the combustion chamber 1 and can be opened and closed and are shown in FIG. 1 in the closed state. Different embodiments come into consideration as openings 8, 9. For example, simple, slidable flaps or doors can be used, or complicated lock systems which keep the combustion chamber 1 as a self-contained unit.

In the upper part of the combustion chamber 1 there is a two-part device 10a, 10b for removing and circulating the flue gas generated during the combustion. In a first part of the device 10a there is a control flap 11, which opens automatically when a certain pressure in the combustion chamber 1 is exceeded and conducts flue gas via a heat exchanger 35, a filter system 12, adsorbent 13, odor neutralizers 14 and a suction draft 15 through a chimney 16 releases to the environment. A CO probe 36 is provided in the chimney 16 for measuring the carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaust air. If the pressure in the combustion chamber 1 falls below the predetermined pressure, the control flap 11 closes automatically.

In a further part of the device 10b, which is shown, inter alia, in FIG. 3, the flue gas is guided via a coarse filter 17 to a suction draft 18, to which a condenser 19 and a mixer 20 are connected. Suction 18, condenser 19 and mixer 20 are connected to one another via a line 34. A line 21 is connected to the mixer 20, which connects the mixer 20 to an oxygen supply source 22 via a control station 23. A support energy source 25 is also connected via a line 24 to the mixer 20 via a control station 26. For example, natural gas can be used as support energy. The gas mixture generated in the mixer 20 from circulated flue gas, oxygen and support energy can be led via lines 27, 28 to the burner nozzles 6 located on a pipe 7. It is also conceivable that a separate one for each burner nozzle 6 Mixer 20 is provided in order to be able to regulate the required oxygen concentration individually.

In the case of a mobile cremation device according to the invention, a supply conveyor belt 30 is arranged on the front end face of the combustion chamber 1, and a discharge conveyor belt 31 on the rear of the combustion chamber 1, as shown in FIG.

The mobile cremation device according to the invention can be used both for the cremation of human corpses and of carcasses. It is also conceivable for bodies to be burned without appropriate coffins, for example only in flammable coffin-like containers, removable coffin inserts or the like.

During the operation of the mobile cremation device according to the invention, a coffin 4 is placed on a feed conveyor 30 in a trough 3. The trough 3 with the coffin 4 is moved into the combustion chamber 1 when the opening 8 is open, whereupon the opening 8 is closed. Then sensors (not shown) activate igniters 39 on the burner nozzles 6, which ignite the burner nozzles 6. Through a selected setting of the sensors, all burner nozzles 6 can be controlled separately by the respective igniter 39.

Separate activation and deactivation of the individual burner nozzles 6 is possible, so that the combustion process can be regulated precisely. By igniting the burner nozzles 6, the coffin 4 can be burned, either with the combustion chamber assembly line 2 at a standstill or with slow, continuous movement of the trough 3 with the coffin 4 located thereon through the combustion chamber 1 several coffins, as well as being operated continuously by slowly moving the trays 3 onto the combustion chamber conveyor belt 2 and continuously feeding and removing trays 3. The entire facility can be controlled by a computer. The combustion produces gases that can lead to enormous overpressure in an essentially closed system. To avoid such overpressure, the control flap 11 is provided in the upper region of the combustion chamber 1, which is opened when a predetermined pressure in the combustion chamber 1 is exceeded, with flue gas being emitted to the outside via the cleaning and exhaust air system of the device for discharging flue gas 10a already described above becomes. The heat exchanger 35 makes it possible to cool the flue gas and to return the heat thus obtained to the combustion chamber 1. The mobile cremation device according to the invention therefore enables thermal recycling. In addition to the elements of the cleaning and exhaust air system of the device for removing flue gas 10a already described above, it is also conceivable that additional means for catalytic denitrification (not shown) or also devices (not shown) are provided which release aromatic substances in enable the exhaust air, so that the exhaust air released into the environment is either odorless or at least not disruptive to the environment in its odor effect. The addition of oxygen to the mixer 20 is regulated on the basis of the value for the carbon monoxide concentration determined by the CO probe 36 in order not to exceed the corresponding predetermined exhaust gas limit values.

However, the clearly predominant part of the flue gas is conducted via the device 10b for circulating flue gas. The flue gas is first passed through the condenser 19 via a coarse filter 17, as a result of which the water formed during the combustion is essentially completely removed. The condensation of the water means that it does not have to be circulated, so that significantly less energy has to be used to circulate the flue gas on the one hand and to burn a coffin on the other. It can easily be seen that the removal of the water can also achieve a significantly shorter burning time. The flue gas is led from the condenser 19 to the mixer 20, where it is mixed with oxygen, in particular pure oxygen, and possibly additional support energy. After the mixing of the components, which takes place essentially on the basis of the carbon monoxide concentration determined by the CO probe 36, the mixture of flue gas, oxygen and possibly support energy is passed through the line. lines 27, 28 and the pipeline 7 led to the burner nozzles 6. Support energy must be supplied if, for example, bodies without appropriate coffins, for example in combustible coffin-like containers, removable coffin inserts or the like, are to be burned, the energy content without additional support energy being insufficient for complete combustion.

After the coffin or coffins 4 have been completely burned, formed ashes 33 have fallen through the grating attachment 32 and collected in the trough 3. In both continuous and batch operation, the trough 3 is discharged from the combustion chamber 1 via the opening 9, and the ash 33 remaining can be further treated from the respective trough 3 in a manner known to a person skilled in the art, e.g. to be transferred to an urn. This transfer can take place automatically.

The complete mobile cremation device according to the invention can be moved flexibly to corresponding locations if the mobile cremation device is arranged, for example, on a freight wagon platform. This also opens up the possibility of incineration in remote places so that the population is not disturbed. The device according to the invention can also be used quickly in certain areas, such as disaster areas

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the claims and in the drawings can be essential both individually and in any combination for the implementation of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Expectations 1. Mobile cremation device with a combustion chamber (1) which can be opened and closed through openings (8, 9), which has at least one burner nozzle (6), which can be supplied with support energy, and with a device (10) for removal and recirculation of the flue gas formed during the combustion, at least 90% pure oxygen being added to the flue gas to be recirculated in at least one mixer (20) and the mixture of at least one burner nozzle (6) produced in the mixer (20) from recirculated flue gas and pure oxygen is fed, characterized in that the combustion chamber (1) has a combustion chamber conveyor belt (2), a feed conveyor belt (30) and a discharge conveyor belt (31) is arranged upstream or downstream of the combustion chamber (1) on the conveyor belts (2, 30 , 31) coffins, coffin inserts or only human corpses or animal bodies wrapped in cloths are placed at a distance in tubs (3), the tubs (3) on the feeder Conveyor belt (30) can be fed through one of the openings (8), the tubs (3) from the combustion chamber conveyor belt (2) to the discharge conveyor belt (31) can be fed through one of the openings (9) 2, and the device (10) for recirculating the comprises a condenser (19) during the combustion of flue gas. 2. Mobile cremation device according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be operated in batches. 3. Mobile cremation device according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be operated continuously. 4. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (8, 9) are locks, as a result of which the combustion chamber (1) forms an essentially closed system. 5. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the troughs (3) have a grating attachment (32). 6. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the troughs (3) on the combustion chamber conveyor belt (2) protective screens (5) can be set up. 7. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of burner nozzles (6) are provided and the oxygen concentration of the individual burner nozzles (6) can be set independently of one another via their own mixers (20). 8. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile cremation device has the usual container dimensions and can be placed on a freight wagon platform. 9. Mobile cremation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile cremation device can be operated under computer control.