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WO2002044601A2 - Procede et appareil de raclage - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de raclage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002044601A2
WO2002044601A2 PCT/GB2001/005261 GB0105261W WO0244601A2 WO 2002044601 A2 WO2002044601 A2 WO 2002044601A2 GB 0105261 W GB0105261 W GB 0105261W WO 0244601 A2 WO0244601 A2 WO 0244601A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pig
pipeline
fluid
return
delivery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2001/005261
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002044601A3 (fr
Inventor
David Eric Appleford
Brian William Lane
Ronald Geoffrey William Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alpha Thames Ltd
Original Assignee
Alpha Thames Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alpha Thames Ltd filed Critical Alpha Thames Ltd
Priority to AU2002223092A priority Critical patent/AU2002223092A1/en
Publication of WO2002044601A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002044601A2/fr
Publication of WO2002044601A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002044601A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
    • F16L55/46—Launching or retrieval of pigs or moles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the pigging of pipelines, that is the propelling of a device known as a pig through a pipeline.
  • Pigging may be required for a number of reasons including removal of fluid from a pipeline, measuring the internal diameter or thickness of the pipeline and the removal of deposits such as wax and scale. These operations are particularly relevant in the field of hydrocarbon liquid and/or gas extraction from sub-sea deposits since long pipelines often extend from a host facility, usually afloat or on shore, to a remote sea-bed location.
  • the pigs are commonly propelled along a pipeline to be pigged by means of fluid pressure and are launched from a pig launcher at the host facility and trapped at the remote location. The necessity to trap the pigs in this manner and then arrange for their retrieval adds undesirably to the cost of construction and operation.
  • a method referred to as round trip pigging has been employed in which a pig piping loop is installed linking two pipelines and valves are provided for selectively placing the remote ends of the two pipelines in communication with each other via the pig piping loop.
  • a pig can be propelled down a first of the two pipelines, by means of a first fluid flowing therethrough, round the pig piping loop and back up the second of the two pipelines by means of a diverted flow of the first fluid.
  • This system suffers from two major drawbacks.
  • first and second fluids normal flow of first and second fluids through the first and second pipelines respectively is cut off for the duration of the pigging process because flow of the first fluid is used to not only propel the pig to the remote location but also propel it back up the second pipeline to the host facility.
  • the second pipeline is a production pipeline, normally delivering hydrocarbon fluids from a well or wells, the well(s) will need to be shut in and restarting a well can be problematic.
  • a second problem with the above system is that, if the first and second fluids are not compatible with each other, e.g. because of a chemical reaction or because of potential contamination, round trip pigging as described above may not be possible.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a pigging method and apparatus which overcomes at least one of the above problems .
  • a method of pigging a pipeline network connecting a host facility to a remote location the pipeline network including a delivery pipeline for transporting a first fluid from the host facility to the remote location and a return pipeline for transporting a second fluid from the remote location to the host facility, the method comprising the steps of : (i) propelling a pig along the delivery pipeline from the host facility to the remote location by means of the first fluid;
  • the flows of first and second fluids to an from the remote location need not be substantially interrupted by the complete pigging cycle since flow of the first fluid through the delivery pipeline delivers the pig to the remote location and flow of the second fluid propels the pig along the return pipeline to the host facility.
  • a hydrocarbon field in which one or more injection wells are being supplied with a first fluid (e.g. injection water) via the delivery pipeline and a second fluid (e.g. oil or gas from one or more production wells of the field) is supplied to the host facility via the second pipeline, the field does not need to be shut in and the consequent problems associated with restarting the well or wells are avoided.
  • the first fluid is not used to propel the pig along the return pipeline, contamination of the return pipeline with fluid from the first pipeline can be at least substantially avoided.
  • the flows of first and second fluids are substantially uninterrupted.
  • transferring of the pig to the return pipeline is effected by means of the second fluid.
  • the transferring of the pig to the return pipeline is effected via a pig transfer piping loop and in order that fluid used to transfer the pig to the return pipeline can freely enter that piping loop, a flow of the second fluid is preferably diverted from the return pipeline via a return bypass pipe to propel the pig through the pig transfer piping loop.
  • an inlet of the return bypass pipe is connected to the return pipeline at a location upstream of a junction between the return pipeline and the pig transfer piping loop.
  • advantageously capturing the pig involves capturing the pig in a pig trap in series connection with the pig transfer piping loop.
  • capturing the pig in the pig trap includes diverting a flow of the first fluid through the pig trap.
  • this diversion involves passing a flow of the first fluid through a delivery bypass pipe with an outlet connected to the delivery pipeline at a location downstream of a junction between the delivery pipeline and the pig transfer piping loop.
  • valves are customarily incorporated in such pipes/pipelines for controlling flow of fluids to and from a well or wells connected to the remote location, the steps of the method are preferably effected by selectively opening and closing valve means situated in the pipes/pipelines .
  • At least a majority of the first fluid may be water or a gas and at least a majority of the second fluid may be a hydrocarbon liquid or gas from a hydrocarbon well.
  • the first or delivery fluid and the second or produced fluid may however comprise fluid or fluid mixtures other than water or hydrocarbon liquid or gas.
  • the method preferably includes the step of flushing the first fluid from the pig trap with a flushing fluid which may comprise either the second fluid or a third flushing fluid supplied for example from an injection pipeline.
  • the method may involve propelling the pig via two or more remote locations between propelling the pig from and to the host facility.
  • pipeline pig capture and transfer apparatus for installation at a location remote from a host facility for capturing a pig delivered to the remote location from the host facility through a delivery pipeline carrying a first fluid and transferring the pig to a return pipeline carrying a second fluid for delivery therethrough back to the host facility, the apparatus including a pig transfer piping loop connecting a delivery pipeline junction with a return pipeline junction and a return bypass pipe connected to divert a flow of the second fluid from the return pipeline for propelling the pig through the pig transfer piping loop and into the return pipeline.
  • an inlet of the return bypass pipe is connected to the return pipeline at a location upstream of a junction between the return pipeline and the pig transfer piping loop.
  • a pig trap is preferably provided in series connection with the pig transfer piping loop and an outlet of the return bypass pipe is conveniently connected at or upstream of the pig trap.
  • the apparatus further includes means for diverting a flow of a first fluid from the delivery pipeline through the pig trap and back into the delivery pipeline.
  • the diverting means includes a delivery bypass pipe with an outlet connected to the delivery pipeline at a location downstream of a junction between the delivery pipeline and the pig transfer piping loop.
  • An inlet of the delivery bypass pipe is preferably connected at or downstream of the pig trap.
  • the apparatus preferably includes valve means situated in the pipes/pipelines for controlling fluid flows therethrough.
  • the apparatus includes at least one valve in the or each transfer pipe for isolating the pig trap from each of the delivery and return pipelines.
  • the apparatus includes at least one valve on each side of the pig trap and in series with the pig trap and the pig transfer piping loop.
  • the pig capture and transfer apparatus includes a pressure relieving means arranged to place a downstream region of the pig trap or trapping means in direct or indirect fluid communication with the delivery bypass pipe.
  • the pressure relieving means includes flow restricting means such as a one way valve which permits flow through the pressure relieving means away from the downstream region but at least substantially prevents flow into the downstream region of the pig trap.
  • An outlet of the pressure relieving means may be in fluid communication with the return and delivery bypass pipes.
  • the apparatus preferably includes control means for controlling the capture of the pig and the transferring of the pig from the delivery to the return pipeline.
  • the control means preferably comprises electronic control means situated at the host facility.
  • the apparatus preferably comprises flushing means for injecting a flushing fluid to flush the first fluid out of the pig trap and also possibly out of the or each bypass pipe.
  • This means may be arranged to flush first fluid from these apparatus elements back into the delivery pipeline and the flushing fluid may comprise either the second fluid or a further fluid supplied via a flushing fluid injection means.
  • Figure 1 shows a existing system for round trip pigging prior to a pigging operation
  • Figure 2 shows the system of Figure 1 during a pigging operation
  • Figure 3 shows a system according to the invention prior to a pigging operation
  • Figures 4 to 6 show the system of Figure 3 at various stages of a pigging operation
  • Figure 7 shows details of the pig trap of the system shown in Figures 3 to 6.
  • open valves are shown unshaded (e.g. valve 112 in Figure 1) and closed valves are shown shaded (e.g. valves 122 in Figure 1) .
  • a host facility 101 is connected to a remote location 102 by a delivery pipeline 104 containing a delivery valve 112 and a return pipeline 106 containing a return valve 114.
  • the host facility 101 may be a floating oil rig and has a pig launcher arrangement 108 loaded with a pig 124 and a pig receiver arrangement 110.
  • Remote portions 104a and 106a of the delivery and return pipelines respectively may be connected to oil wells and, during normal production, water is pumped down the delivery pipeline 104 to the well to assist in pressuring the oil or gas reservoir. Oil or gas from the production well enters the return pipeline 106 and passes therethrough to the host facility 101.
  • a pig piping loop 120 with loop valves 122 connects a delivery pipeline junction 116 with a return pipeline junction 118.
  • the loop valves 122 are closed and the transfer and return pipeline valves 112 and 114 are both open permitting water to be pumped to the well through the delivery pipeline 104 and oil to be returned from the well to the host facility 101 through the return pipeline 106.
  • the delivery and return valves 112 and 114 are closed, as shown in Figure 2, the loop valves 122 are opened and the pig 124 is launched into the delivery pipeline 104.
  • the flow of water normally delivered by the delivery pipeline 104 to the well then carries the pig 124 down the delivery pipeline 104, round the pig piping loop 120 and into and up the return pipeline 106. Eventually the pig 124 arrives back at the host facility 101 where it is captured by the pig receiver arrangement 110.
  • the well is shut in because the delivery and return valves 112 and 114 are closed. Subsequent restarting of the production well or wells can be difficult.
  • the return pipeline is completely filled with water by the operation and at the end of the operation the pig is being propelled over a distance of pipeline approximately equal to twice the distance between the host facility and the remote location which can cause problems .
  • the valves are switched back to the configuration shown in Figure 1 and an attempt is made to resume normal operation. A large amount of water has to be removed from the return pipeline 106.
  • the delivery pipeline 104 is used to deliver gas to the well, to effect gas lifting of the oil from the well, undesirable chemical reactions may occur if the gas lift gas is allowed to enter the return pipeline 106.
  • the pig launcher arrangement 8 of the host facility 1 includes a pig launching bypass loop 26 in which a pig launcher vessel 28 and pig launch valves 30 and 31 are situated.
  • the delivery pipeline 4 has a pig launch diversion valve 32 situated upstream of an outlet end of the pig launching bypass loop 26.
  • the pig receiver arrangement 10 at the host facility 1 includes a pig receiver bypass loop 34 in which a pig receiver vessel 36 and pig receiver valves 38 and 39 are situated.
  • the return pipeline 6 has a pig receiver diversion valve 40 situated downstream of an inlet end of the pig receiver bypass loop 34.
  • the pig transfer pipeline 20 at the remote location 2 includes a pig trap 42 comprising a chamber large enough to accommodate the pig 24 connected in series with the pig transfer pipeline 20. Between the pig trap 42 and the delivery and return pipeline junctions 16 and 18 pig trap entry and exit isolation valves 44 and 46 are respectively situated. The use of two of each valve provides excellent isolation of the pig trap 42, however only one of each may be employed.
  • the isolation valves 44 and 46 are preferably situated close to the pig trap 42.
  • bypass piping means 48 connects the delivery and return pipelines 4 and 6 with the pig trap 42.
  • the bypass piping means includes a delivery bypass pipe 50 with an outlet 52 connected to the delivery pipeline 4 downstream of the delivery valve 12 and two delivery bypass valves 54 (only one may employed) and return bypass pipe 56 with an inlet 58 connected to the return pipeline 6 upstream of the return pipeline valve 14 and two return bypass valves 60 (only one may be employed) .
  • the bypass pipes 50 and 56 are connected in series by a T-junction 62 from which a branch pipe 64 extends to the pig trap 42 where it is preferably connected to the pig trap 42.
  • the pig trap 42 and associated system parts are shown in greater detail in Figure 7.
  • the pig trap 42 has an inner passage 68 dimensioned to slidingly receive the pig 24 such that flow between the pig and the wall of the inner passage is substantially prevented.
  • the branch pipe 64 is in fluid communication with an upstream region 70 of the pig trap and a pressure relieving pipe 72 places a downstream region 76 of the pig trap in communication with the branch pipe 64.
  • a one way check valve 74 is situated in the pressure relieving pipe 72 which permits fluid to flow from the downstream region 76 to the branch pipe 64 but prevents flow in the reverse direction.
  • a flushing fluid injection point 66 may be provided between the pig trap 42 and the pig trap entry isolation valves 44 for delivering a flushing fluid from an injection line (not shown) into the pig trap 42 and pig transfer piping loop 20.
  • FIG. 3 shows normal production occurring.
  • the pig launch valves 30 and 31 are closed and the pig launch diversion valve 32 is open so that water can be pumped down the delivery pipeline 4 to the remote location where all valves except the delivery valve 12 and return valve 14 are closed. Injection water is accordingly routed through the delivery pipeline junction 16 and on through section 4a of the delivery pipeline leading to the well where it is injected into the well.
  • Oil coming from the well is delivered to the remote location by means of section 6a of the return pipeline then through the return pipeline junction 18 and up the return pipeline 6 to the host facility. Since the pig receiver valves 38 and 39 are closed and the pig receiver diversion valve 40 is open, the oil is not diverted through the pig receiver bypass loop 34.
  • valves When there is a requirement to effect pigging of the delivery and/or return pipelines 4 and 6 with the pig 24, the valves are changed to the configuration shown in Figure 4 by control means (not shown and possibly based on the host facility) .
  • the pig launch diversion valve 32 is closed and the pig launch valves 30 and 31 are opened. This diverts water through the pig launching bypass loop 26 and the pig launcher vessel 28 so that the pig 24 is propelled therefrom down the delivery pipeline 4. Since the delivery valve 12 is closed and the pig trap entry isolation valves 44 and delivery bypass valves 54 are open, water from the delivery pipeline 4 is diverted therefrom at the delivery bypass junction 16 into the pig trap 42 via a first part of the pig transfer piping loop 20, through the branch pipe 64 and via the delivery bypass pipe 50 to the part 4a of the delivery pipeline leading to the well .
  • the pig 24 Once the pig 24 reaches the pig trap 42 it is retained there because the pig trap is dimensioned to prevent the pig from turning, so it cannot enter either the branch pipeline 64 or the pressure relieving pipe 72.
  • the pig 24 enters the pig trap 42 in the direction of arrow A and its leading end 78 passes the entrance 80 to the branch pipe 64.
  • the pressure relieving pipe 72 which permits further pressurised water to enter the pig trap through the pig trap entry isolation valves 44 and force water in the downstream region 76 of the pig trap into the branch pipe 64 through the pressure relieving pipe 72 and its associated one way valve 74 in the direction of arrow D.
  • the water then flows away from the pig trap along the branch pipe 64 in the direction of arrow C.
  • a sensing means associated with the pig trap 42 and possibly upstream thereof sends a signal to the host facility to indicate that the pig 24 has been captured by the pig trap 42 and the valves are then changed to the configuration shown in Figure 5.
  • the pig launch valves 30 and 31 are closed and the pig launch diversion valve 32 is opened so that water is no longer diverted through the pig launching bypass loop 26.
  • the pig trap entry isolation valves 44 and delivery bypass valves 54 are closed and the delivery valve 12 is opened so that normal flow of water through the delivery pipeline 4 is re-established, i.e. without diversion through the pig trap 42 and the delivery bypass pipe 50.
  • valves are then changed to the configuration shown in Figure 6.
  • the return valve 14 is closed and the pig trap exit isolation valves 46 and return bypass valves 60 are opened. Accordingly, oil reaching the remote location 2 from the well along the portion 6a of the return pipeline is diverted through the return bypass pipe 56 and the branch pipe 64 into the pig trap 42. As this occurs, oil flows into the upstream region 70 of the pig trap 42 through the branch pipe 64 in the direction of arrow B. Since the oil cannot flow in the opposite direction to arrow D through the one way 74 it forces the pig 24 out of the pig trap 42 through the pig trap exit isolation valves 46. The pig 24 is then propelled by the oil through the pig transfer piping loop 20 and into the return pipeline 6 via the return pipeline junction 18.
  • the pig is propelled up the return pipeline by oil passing through the return bypass pipeline 56 and the pig transfer piping loop 20 back to the host facility 1 where the pig receiver diversion valve 40 is in a closed state and the pig receiver valves 38 and 39 are in an open state so that oil is diverted through the pig receiver bypass loop 34 containing the pig receiver vessel 36 in which the pig 24 is captured.
  • valves are changed back to the configuration shown in Figure 3, so that all the isolation valves 44 and 46, the bypass valves 54 and 60 and the pig receiver valves 38 and 39 are closed and the return valve 14 and the pig receiver diversion valve 40 are opened. This results in normal flow through the return pipeline 6 being re-established, i.e. not through the return bypass pipe 56, the pig transfer piping loop 20 and the pig receiver bypass loop 34.
  • the pig 24 can then be retrieved from the pig receiver vessel 36.
  • a flushing fluid injection point 66 may be provided between the pig trap entry isolation valves 44 and the pig trap 42 for supplying flushing fluid from a suitable supply (not shown) for example provided directly from the host facility. Such flushing would be effected as an additional stage between those shown in Figures 5 and 6. From the arrangement shown in Figure 5, the delivery bypass valves 54 would be opened and an appropriate fluid (e.g. methanol) would be injected from the injection point 66 thus flushing the interior of the pig trap 42 into the part 4a of the delivery pipeline 4. Upon completion of flushing, the delivery bypass valves 54 would be closed to return to the configuration shown in Figure 5 and then the pigging operation would be continued by progressing to the configurations shown in Figures 6 and 3 as described above .
  • an appropriate fluid e.g. methanol
  • the gas flow rate may be reduced by appropriate throttle valves or other means to ensure that the pig is not propelled at above its maximum designed velocity. In such a situation, fluid flows to and/or from the well will be affected but not interrupted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de râclage d'un réseau de pipelines (4, 6) reliant une installation hôte (1) et un emplacement distant (2), ledit réseau comprenant une pipeline de transport (4) pour acheminer un premier fluide de l'installation hôte (1) à l'emplacement distant (2), et une pipeline de retour (6) pour acheminer un second fluide de l'emplacement distant (2) à l'installation hôte (1). Le procédé consiste à: i) propulser un furet (24) accompagné d'un premier fluide le long de la pipeline de transport (4) à destination de l'emplacement distant (2); ii) capturer le furet (24) dans un piège à furet (42) situé dans un tuyau de transfert du furet (20) reliant les pipelines de transport et de retour (4, 6); iii) dévier le second fluide afin de propulser le furet (24) hors du piège à furet (42) et autour du tuyau de transfert (20), vers l'intérieur de la pipeline de retour (6); et iv) propulser le furet (24) avec le second fluide le long de la pipeline de retour (6) à destination de l'installation hôte (1).
PCT/GB2001/005261 2000-11-30 2001-11-29 Procede et appareil de raclage Ceased WO2002044601A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002223092A AU2002223092A1 (en) 2000-11-30 2001-11-29 Pigging method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0029285.4 2000-11-30
GB0029285A GB0029285D0 (en) 2000-11-30 2000-11-30 Pigging method and apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002044601A2 true WO2002044601A2 (fr) 2002-06-06
WO2002044601A3 WO2002044601A3 (fr) 2002-09-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2001/005261 Ceased WO2002044601A2 (fr) 2000-11-30 2001-11-29 Procede et appareil de raclage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002223092A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0029285D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002044601A2 (fr)

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NL1034779C2 (nl) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-02 Plastic Test Inst Netherlands Werkwijze voor het afvoeren van een achtergebleven gasvolume uit een ruimte van een hoofdgasleiding en de toepassing van de werkwijze in een lanceer- of ontvangstation voor een schraper.
US7749308B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2010-07-06 Mccully Tim Method for reducing hydrocarbon emissions
US8752229B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2014-06-17 Kongsberg Oil And Gas Technologies As Pig launcher
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WO2021055082A1 (fr) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-25 No-Des, Inc. Rinçage principal à jet d'eau haute pression et commande directionnelle
US11560696B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-01-24 No-Des, Inc. Water main flushing with high pressure jetting
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AU2002223092A1 (en) 2002-06-11
WO2002044601A3 (fr) 2002-09-12

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