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WO2002040971A1 - Procede et appareil permettant de determiner des parametres optiques de fluide trouble et utilisation associee - Google Patents

Procede et appareil permettant de determiner des parametres optiques de fluide trouble et utilisation associee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002040971A1
WO2002040971A1 PCT/DK2001/000753 DK0100753W WO0240971A1 WO 2002040971 A1 WO2002040971 A1 WO 2002040971A1 DK 0100753 W DK0100753 W DK 0100753W WO 0240971 A1 WO0240971 A1 WO 0240971A1
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Prior art keywords
light
sample
measurements
detector
optical parameters
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English (en)
Inventor
Jan Sørensen DAM
Carsten Bitsch Pedersen
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Phillips Medisize AS
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Bang and Olufsen Medicom AS
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Priority to AU2002223495A priority Critical patent/AU2002223495A1/en
Publication of WO2002040971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002040971A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for determination of optical parameters of turbid media and use thereof; e.g. in measurements of biological samples such as blood samples.
  • the optical properties of a turbid medium i.e. the absorption coefficient ⁇ a , the scattering coefficient ⁇ s , and the anisotropy factor g may provide important information on the composition and the dynamics of the medium. While ⁇ a provide information on various chromophores, ⁇ s and g may be used to characterize the form, size, and concentration of various scattering components in the medium. Therefore, determination of the optical properties of turbid media is a useful and important in numerous fields of science, industry, health care, environmental technology, etc.
  • Some examples are (a) tissue characterization in cancer diagnostics and therapy, (b) medical diagnostics using biological fluids including blood, urine, agglutinations, (c) process control in breweries and dairies, and (d) environmental monitoring. Still, most of the existing methods for optical analysis of turbid media are not able to extract ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g simultaneously. Many methods focus on either the absorption- or the scattering properties; i.e. the scattering effects are treated as interference during absorption measurements or vice versa.
  • Integrating sphere (IS) measurements 9-11 are widely used as and reference method for determination ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g .
  • the optical properties are extracted from measurements of the total diffuse reflectance R ⁇ and the total diffuse transmittance T tot of either a thin turbid slab or a turbid solution in a thin cuvette.
  • IS measurements may be carried out using a single- or a double sphere set-up. In the latter, R tot and T tot can be recorded simultaneously without moving the sample, but due to optical cross-talk between the two spheres, the accuracy is often decreased compared to a single-sphere setup.
  • EP 0 074 428 discloses a method and apparatus for quantitative determination of dissolved substances in multiple component systems, the method comprising measuring intensities of scattered radiation in a plurality of discrete predetermined scattering angles .
  • US 6 075 610 discloses a method and apparatus for measuring an internal property distribution of an object, the method comprising measuring light that has passed through the object at at least one light detection position on the surface of the object, i.e. detection of spatially resolved diffused light.
  • WO 00/20843 discloses a method and apparatus for measuring locally and superficially the scattering and absorption properties of turbid media, the method comprising measuring the spatially-resolved reflectance and mathematically processing thereof including fit of analytical functions, and fit of Monte Carlo simulations.
  • US 5 529 065 discloses a method and apparatus for measuring internal information of a scattering medium, the method comprising measuring diffused light propagating through the scattering medium at at least two photo detection points, extracting internal information by converting at least three measured values and arithmetic processing thereof based on an analytical equation derived from the photon diffusion equation and involving the effective attenuation coefficient, the absorption coefficient and the transport scattering coefficient.
  • EP 0 707 826 discloses a method and apparatus for the analysis of glucose in an biological matrix, the method comprising at least two measurements wherein at least one is spatially resolved measurement of multiply scattered light.
  • illuminating light onto said sample along an axis of incidence, said illuminating light producing light from the turbid medium, said produced light being spatially resolved diffused light and angularly resolved scattered light with respect to said axis of incidence;
  • the turbid medium can be any medium that allows penetration of the illuminating light, and which turbid medium comprises components that is able to modify one or more properties of light propagating there through.
  • a turbid medium comprising chromophores may exhibit light absorption properties.
  • a turbid medium comprising light scattering components may exhibit scattering and anisotropy properties depending on the form, size and concentration of the components.
  • Optical properties of the propagating light that the turbid medium can modify include absorption, scattering, anisotropy, refractive index, wavelength, polarisation, etc.
  • Typical examples of turbid media include human tissue, body fluids such as blood and urine, etc.
  • the sample of the turbid medium can be any suitable sample that allows illuminating light to enter into the sample and interact with the components of the turbid medium.
  • optical parameters of a turbid medium include any optical property that manifests itself by propagation of light through the turbid medium.
  • the sample of the turbid medium exhibits at least m optical parameters wherein m>2.
  • Typical optical parameters include absorption, scattering, anisotropy, refractive index, wavelength, and polarisation.
  • said at least m optical parameters are the absorption coefficient ⁇ a , the scattering coefficient ⁇ s , and the anisotropy factor g
  • n measurements are at least one measurements of spatially resolved diffused light (ni ⁇ l) and at least two measurements of angularly resolved scattered light (n 2 >2) .
  • the sample can have any suitable form, including gas, liquid, and solid, and combinations thereof.
  • the sample is in form of either gas or liquid, or both, contained in a cuvette.
  • the sample is in form of a solid slab.
  • the sample is in form of a bulk sample into which the illuminating light and detection means are immerged.
  • Illuminating light onto said sample along an axis of incidence said illuminating light producing light from the turbid medium, said produced light being spatially resolved diffused light and angularly resolved scattered light with respect to said axis of incidence.
  • the illuminating light can be any light providing suitable photons that can interact with the components of the turbid medium to produce spatially resolved diffused light and angularly resolved scattered light.
  • the measurements are obtained at different distances from said axis of incidence.
  • the measurements can be taken at any suitable time, e.g. simultaneously, sequentially, or in any other time sequence, provided the conditions for the sample and calibration references are substantially the same, i.e. any influence does not significantly affect the optical parameters .
  • said produced spatially resolved diffused light comprise measurement of transmitted spatially resolved diffused light and measurement of reflected spatially resolved diffused light with respect to said illuminating light illuminated onto said sample.
  • n n ⁇ +n 2 .
  • the number of equations exceeds the number of parameters to be determined.
  • This system may be solved by various methods known in the art including multiple polynomial regression analysis, see e.g. Using Matlab (ver.5), The MathWorks Inc. 1997, for algorithms for carrying out least square regression analyses.
  • said n equations are solved by Newton-Raphson iteration, see e.g. S.V. Chapra and R.P.Canale, *Numerical Methods for Engineers", MacGraw- Hill 1997, see also Dam et al., Applied Optics, Vol. 39, No.7, March 2000 the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • h a , h s , and h are correction terms of ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g , respectively.
  • the iterative calculations continue until h a , h s , and h g have dropped below predefined maximum values .
  • the method of principal components may be used to select the number of parameters to be determined, said parameters explaining most of the variability of the measurements. The unexplained the variability is then ascribed to a residual component accounting for the uncertainty of the determination.
  • This system including repeated measurements may be solved by various methods known in the art including weighted multiple regression analysis.
  • the optical properties are calculated using multiple polynomial regression in combination with a Newton-Raphson algorithm MRP/N-R.
  • the method is based on a calibration model wherein calibration matrix containing R , T , and ⁇ values for a range of optical properties "° , " s , and of interest is obtained.
  • the calibration matrix can be obtained in two ways, either using a) Monto Carlo simulation or b) a measurement setup using a set of phantoms with well- defined optical properties.
  • the predetermined calibration matrix is derived from known values of optical parameters of the turbid medium.
  • T . a nd a measurements are done using phantoms with optical properties in a range of interest.
  • the phantoms can be made of well-defined aqueous solutions of Intralipid and black ink.
  • the scattering and absorption spectra of the Intralipid and the black ink are determined using an integrating sphere setup and traditional transmission spectroscopy measurements. On the basis of these spectra, a matrix of phantoms with a range of ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and can be made.
  • the applied range of Intralipid concentrations is 0.6, 0.8, ...1.6 %, and the range of the ink concentrations is 0.0, 0.2, ...1.2 % for typical skin tissue optical parameters.
  • l ⁇ i - flt are functions of ⁇ a , ⁇ , and %
  • A, B and are 4 X 3 matrices of fitting coefficients X . determined by least-squares regression.
  • l ⁇ 3 ' ⁇ t constitute the calibration model.
  • PCA PCA
  • the predetermined calibration matrix is obtained from measurements on samples of the turbid medium having known optical parameters .
  • a sample holder for holding a sample of the turbid medium
  • illuminating light for illuminating light onto said sample when said sample is placed in said sample holder, said illuminating light illuminating the sample along an axis of incidence; at least one spatial detector for detecting spatially resolved diffused light from at least one input/output port (ni ⁇ l) of said sample in at least one spatial position; and
  • At least one angular detector for detecting angularly resolved scattered light from at least two input/output ports (n 2) of said sample in at least two different angular positions with respect to said axis of incidence; said at least one spatial detector and said at least one angular detector optionally being a ' single detector.
  • a typical application of the present invention is to use of one or more optical parameters of the turbid medium determined according to the method for the determination of one or more material parameters of the turbid medium.
  • the one or more determined material parameters is the concentration of one or more components of the turbid medium, said components being either dissolved or dispersed in the turbid medium.
  • spatially resolved diffused light designates diffused light which is sampled along an axis of distance from the point of illuminating light.
  • angularly resolved scattered light designates scattered light which is sample along a set of angles from the point of illuminating light.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of the concepts of spatial resolved and angular resolved diffused light
  • FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a turbid medium that can take any form, gas, liquid or solid
  • FIG. 3A shows an embodiment of an apparatus for determining optical properties of a turbid medium according to the invention
  • FIG. 3B shows another embodiment with a compact sample/detection system
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show sectional views of specific embodiments of the compact sample/detection system in FIG. 3B;
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a sample/detection system
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of an illuminating light beam with two wavelengths
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment comprising four light sources
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment wherein the direction of the light through the sample is inverted compared to the system shown in FIG. 5; and
  • FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of the electronics for an embodiment of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of the concepts of spatial resolved and angular resolved diffused light.
  • Illuminating light enters a turbid medium 1 along an axis of incidence 2; here the turbid medium is illustrated in an ellipsoidal shape.
  • the light interacts with the components of the turbid medium, including chromophores and scattering components.
  • Spatial resolved diffused light is measured in spatial detectors 3 and 4.
  • Angular resolved diffused light is measured in angular detectors
  • FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate a turbid medium 1 that can take any form, gas, liquid or solid.
  • the turbid medium is confined by suitable container means e.g. behind container walls 7, see FIG. 2A.
  • suitable container means e.g. behind container walls 7, see FIG. 2A.
  • the spatial resolved diffused light of both transmitted type and reflected type can be measured.
  • FIG. 2C shows a sectional view of cuvette containing a turbid medium.
  • the cuvette has walls of thickness d w and a cavity of diameter d s .
  • the illuminating beam has a beam width of d .
  • the spatial detector R is placed at a radial distance from the axis of incidence of r.
  • FIG. 3A shows an embodiment of an apparatus for determining optical properties of a turbid medium according to the invention.
  • the apparatus comprises an illuminating light source, here a light beam 10 from a collimated laser embodied in form of a laser diode 8.
  • the light from the laser diode is broken by a beam splitter 9 to obtain a reference beam for measuring the power of the laser diode in reference detector 17e.
  • a sample of a turbid medium is placed in a sample holder 11; here the sample holder is adapted to receive a cuvette 12 containing a sample of a turbid fluid, or a solid sample.
  • the sample holder is made of a suitable material, e.g. aluminum, molded polymer e.g. plastic, etc.
  • the cuvette is made of a suitable material, e.g. a polymer to provide a cheap disposable-type cuvette, or a high quality-type cuvette made of glass such as silica, BK7, etc.
  • a suitable material e.g. a polymer to provide a cheap disposable-type cuvette, or a high quality-type cuvette made of glass such as silica, BK7, etc.
  • the sample holder is equipped with openings for allowing light to communicate with input/output light ports of the sample; here the openings of the sample holder are illustrated by pinholes 13, 14, and 15 in opposite faces thereof, respectively.
  • Pinhole 13 has a diameter of 0.2 mm. It is placed in the illuminated face of the sample holder at a radial distance of 2.5 mm from the axis of incidence of the illuminating light. It allows communication of light in a spatial output port of the sample, here a spatial resolved diffused reflection output port.
  • (R) from the sample here the spatial detector 17a, is mounted directly on the sample holder.
  • the spatial detector could be mounted as an integral part of the sample holder.
  • Pinhole 14 has a diameter of 0.2 mm. It is placed in the opposite face of the illuminating face of the sample holder at a radial distance of 2.0 mm from the axis of incidence of the illuminating light. It allows communication of light in a spatial output port of the sample, here a spatial resolved diffused transmission output port for transmitted diffused light (T) .
  • a spatial detector 17b for detecting said transmitted diffused light from the sample is mounted directly on the sample holder. In this case, the detector 17b is similar to detector 17a.
  • Pinhole 15 has a diameter of 0.2 mm. It is placed in the opposite face of the illuminating face of the sample holder at the axis of incidence of the illuminating light. It allows communication of light in an angular output port of the sample, here an angular resolved scattered output port for angular resolved scattered light.
  • a Fourier lens 16 separates the angles for two angles, the smaller angle at zero degrees ( ⁇ 0 ) and the larger angle at 5 degrees (oci) , respectively, thereby directing the angular resolved scattered light to two angular detectors 17c and 17d, respectively.
  • the angular detectors 17c and 17d are of the same type as the spatial detectors 17a and 17b.
  • the acceptance angles of the angular detectors could be optimized by providing a plate with further pinholes after the Fourier lens 16.
  • the input port of the sample facing the illuminated face of the holder is not shown in this figure.
  • the diameter of the pinholes 13, 14, and 15, and the light propagation distances from the point of illumination on the sample, or equivalent the radial distances from the detectors to the axis of incidence of the illuminating light, are set according to the geometrical configuration.
  • the geometrical configuration is found using a set of simulated data with random combination of the optical properties of interest.
  • the data is generated using Monte Carlo simulation, given the sample thickness, the phase function, etc.
  • the prediction errors of the optical properties is minimized by finding an optimal combination of angles ( ⁇ ) and distances (r) reflectance and transmittance, respectively.
  • the selection of the detectors depends on the wavelength used. In the range 400-1000nm, standard silicon photo diodes can be used (e.g. a standard BPW34) . Above lOOOn , InGaAs photo diodes could be used.
  • the detectors 17a, 17b, 17c, and 17d could be arranged in form ring detectors having their respective radial distances from the axis of incidence of the illuminating light. This could increase the sensitivity of the setup.
  • the detector signals are recorded in respective recording means, and processed in a computer (not shown) .
  • FIG. 3B shows another embodiment with a compact detection system 18.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show in sectional views of specific embodiments of the compact detection system 18 in FIG. 3B along line A-A.
  • Lights from the sample are guided by means of a light guide block 14.
  • the detection system 18 guides two spatially resolved diffused lights (Ti) and (T 2 ) , and angular resolved scattered lights ( ⁇ 0 ) and (o-i) to a detector array 19.
  • the detector array consists of multiple detectors, placed in a row (array) . In this embodiment, measurement is not made for spatial resolved diffuse reflection (R) .
  • the detection system is made of two plates 20 and 21 in which the input/output light ports are made for light communication with the sample.
  • the plates are assembled and spaced with e.g. screws 22, 23.
  • a light guiding material is placed on top of the plate 20, a detector array 19 is mounted.
  • Spatial resolved diffused light is transmitted to the detector array through optical wave-guides, here optical fibers 23, 24.
  • the type of optical fibers is selected depending of the wavelength and the number of wavelengths of the illuminating light. If a single wavelength is used, single mode optical fibers are preferred. Otherwise, multi mode optical fibers are used.
  • the optical fibers are shown at two different radial distances. However, the number of radial distances can be increased, just by increasing the number of detectors (e.g. pixels) in the detector array and the number of optical fibers at increasing radial distances.
  • a lens can be used, here a small plano-convex lens 25 is used.
  • the lens is placed between the two plates 20 and 21.
  • the focal length of the lens depends on the distance to the sample and the resolved angles, here a focal length of 15 mm has been used together with resolved angles of zero degree and 5 degrees, respectively.
  • the lens focuses angular resolved light to the detector array through pinhole 26 ( ⁇ 0 ) and 27 (oci) , respectively.
  • the number of detectors of the detector array and the number of angels can be increased.
  • the selection of the detector array depends on the wavelength and the number of detectors.
  • the light guide block was connected to a four-element silicon array detector (e.g. of the type LD4C-5T from Centronic) .
  • FIG. 4B Another embodiment of the detection system is shown in FIG. 4B.
  • the detection system is a molded unit 28 in which four light channels 29, 30, 31 and 32 are made.
  • the molded unit is made of non-transparency material to avoid optic crosstalk between the channels. Each channel guides light from the sample to the detector array 19, which are placed on the molded unit.
  • the channels could be embodied with optical fibers to increase the sensitivity of the system.
  • the channels could be in form of cylindrical rings to further increase the sensitivity of the system.
  • No lens for the angular transmittance is used in this embodiment.
  • a light channel 31 is used to guide the light at a given angle. If necessary a lens could be inserted in the molded unit to optimize the performance.
  • FIG. 5 shows another apparatus for determining optical properties of a turbid medium according to the invention.
  • Pinhole plates 33, 34 and 35 define the geometrical configuration of the system. Exchange of the pinhole plates with modified pinholes provides easily for a new setup whereby a large range of optical properties suitable for several applications can be determined.
  • Plate 33 defines the radial distance of the pinhole 13 from the axis of incidence of the illuminating light.
  • the pinhole allows measurement of spatially resolved diffused reflection.
  • From the pinhole light is guided to a detector 17a via light guide 36a.
  • the light guide can comprise any suitable transparent materiel, e.g. glass.
  • Preferably the light guide is coated with a reflective layer to increase the amount of guided light.
  • the plate 34 the pinhole 14 for measuring spatially resolved diffuse transmittance. From the pinhole light is guided to a detector 17b via light guide 36b.
  • the detectors 17a, 17b can be of a common type. The selection depends on the applied wavelength.
  • the pinhole plate 35 defines the conditions for measuring angular resolved total transmittance.
  • the pinhole plate can easily be exchanged with another pinhole plate defining a different pinhole configuration whereby angular resolved total transmittance can be measured at different angels. A wide area of angles can be covered, and thereby a large range of optical properties is possible.
  • the angular resolved scattered light is deflected in a lens 37 and detected in a suitable detector, here a detector array 38 which can cover all angles selected by the pinholes.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of an illuminating light beam with two wavelengths.
  • a beam splitter 39 combines beams 40, 41 from two illuminating light source, here laser diodes 42 and 43.
  • a reference detector 17e measures the power from both light sources.
  • the output from the beam splitter is a beam 44 consisting of two different wavelengths.
  • the laser diodes are switched on/off thereby allowing one diode to be turned on at a time, or modulated with two different frequencies.
  • multiple light sources are applied.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment comprising four light sources, here four laser diodes 45a, 45b, 45c and 45d, coupled to four optical fibers 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d and a multi port optical fiber coupler array 48; the latter further being coupled to an output optical fiber 47.
  • the output optical fiber carries the wavelengths of the four light sources the selection of which is obtained by switching the diodes on/off, respectively.
  • a collimator 50 collimates the light from the output optical fiber into a collimated light beam 49. This collimated light beam is split by a beam splitter 9 to obtain a reference beam 51.
  • a reference detector 17e measures the power of each light source.
  • the output light beam of the beam splitter comprises the wavelengths of the four light sources.
  • the light sources can be selected individually, or selected in combinations of each or more thereof.
  • a monochromator is used instead of the multiple light sources whereby a specific wavelength can be selected.
  • An optical fiber couples the monochromator to the collimator.
  • a power reference of the collimated light beam is obtained by using a beam splitter as described previously for the multiple light source .
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment wherein the direction of the light through the sample is inverted compared to the system shown in FIG. 5,
  • the sample 12 is placed between two plates 52 and 53 with input/output ports 13, 14 and 15.
  • Multiple light beams 54a, 54b, 54c and 54d are coupled to the input/output ports, e.g. directed at the ports as individual beams or guided to the ports in multiple beams.
  • beams 54a and 54b define the inverted direction of light for the spatial resolved diffused light reflection and transmittance, respectively, and beam 54c and 54d define those for the angular resolved scattered transmittance.
  • the detector 55 detects the output light from the light output port 56.
  • FIG.9 shows a flow chart of the electronics for an embodiment of the apparatus.
  • Each detector 57 generates a current, which is proportional to the light absorbed by the detector. All the detectors are connected to a converter block 58, in which the current is transformed to a voltage and amplified to obtain a suitable voltage. This voltage is sampled/converted into a digital word.
  • each detector has its own preamplifier and ADC whereby all the channels are sampled at the same time eliminating time delays between the channels.
  • several detectors share a common analog-to-digital conversion.
  • the output of the converter block is coupled to a digital signal bus 59, on which each ADC can be addressed and the digital word can be obtained.
  • a driver block 60 is also coupled to the digital signal bus.
  • the driver block controls and powers the light sources 61.
  • a computer e.g. a digital signal processor (DSP) 62 handles the communication and instructions to both the converter block and the driver block.
  • the control algorithm in the DSP turns the light sources on/off and receives digital words from the result of the conversion.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the digital words are processed, using the PCA and MRP/N-R method, by the DSP and represents the optical properties of the sample in a measurement.
  • the DSP has an output interface 63 for communicating with an external device, here a PC.
  • the PC is used to display the information in a graphical form and to record the information from the measurement.
  • optical parameters ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g are extracted from
  • MC simulated recordings of various combinations of angularly and spatially resolved reflected and transmitted intensities from a thin turbid sample using multivariate calibration.
  • FIG. 2C The basic geometrical configuration of the set-up we used for the simulations in our analyses is shown in FIG. 2C.
  • the refractive indices of the sample n s , the wall ⁇ w , and the surrounding media n m were 1.33, 1.49, and 1.00, respectively.
  • the simulated reflectance and transmittance recordings were tabulated and stored in a 21x19x11 calibration matrix, i.e. a data base containing all combinations of
  • MPR multiple polynomial regression
  • N-R Newton-Raphson
  • X]- 3r flt are functions of ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g
  • A, B and C are 4x3 matrices of fitting coefficients determined by least-squares regression.
  • - ⁇ . -. 3,? constitute the calibration model.
  • the next step is to solve the inverse problem of determining ⁇ a and ⁇ from recordings of the simulated prediction data sets I H _
  • h a , h s , and h g are correction terms of ⁇ a , ⁇ s , and g , respectively.
  • the calculations continue until h a , h s , and h have dropped below predefined maximum values .
  • PCA Principal Component Analysis
  • the prediction data were generated using 1-10 7 photons, and Table 1 shows the results from the prediction tests using these data in conjunction with the configuration in FIG. 2C. In each case the prediction errors were minimized by finding the optimal combinations of angles a and distances r .
  • Table 1 shows mean prediction errors for the set-up in FIG . 2C .
  • Table 2 shows the optimal angles and the distances corresponding to errors listed in Table 1 for the set-up in FIG. 2C.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant de déterminer des paramètres optiques d'un fluide. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à utiliser un échantillon (1) du fluide, l'échantillon présentant au moins m paramètres optiques où m≥2; à utiliser un rayonnement d'éclairage (2) sur l'échantillon, le long d'un axe d'incidence, le rayonnement d'éclairage produisant un rayonnement à partir du fluide trouble; à utiliser n mesures Y de rayonnement produit à partir de l'échantillon, n mesures étant composées sur n1 mesures (3, 4) de rayonnement diffusé à résolution spatiale au niveau de différentes positions spatiales et n2 mesures (5, 6) de rayonnement dispersé à résolution angulaire au niveau de différentes positions angulaires, où n=n1+n2≥m, et n1≥1 et n2≥2, et à dériver m paramètres optiques X à partir de n mesures, un programme informatique permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé et l'utilisation des paramètres optiques dans la détermination d'au moins un paramètre matériel.
PCT/DK2001/000753 2000-11-15 2001-11-15 Procede et appareil permettant de determiner des parametres optiques de fluide trouble et utilisation associee Ceased WO2002040971A1 (fr)

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WO2007014188A3 (fr) * 2005-07-25 2009-04-30 Univ Duke Procedes, systemes, et progiciels pour l'optimisation de sondes pour la mesure spectroscopique dans de milieux troubles
US7751039B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2010-07-06 Duke University Optical assay system for intraoperative assessment of tumor margins
US7818154B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2010-10-19 Duke University Monte Carlo based model of fluorescence in turbid media and methods and systems for using same to determine intrinsic fluorescence of turbid media
US9091637B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2015-07-28 Duke University Smart fiber optic sensors systems and methods for quantitative optical spectroscopy
EP2238233A4 (fr) * 2007-12-27 2016-01-13 Bacterioscan Ltd Détection et comptage de bactéries en suspension dans des fluides biologiques
CN105816151A (zh) * 2016-03-10 2016-08-03 天津大学 一种基于空间频域测量的均匀组织体光学参数重建方法
US9820655B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2017-11-21 Duke University Systems and methods for spectral analysis of a tissue mass using an instrument, an optical probe, and a Monte Carlo or a diffusion algorithm
EP3614128A1 (fr) * 2018-08-22 2020-02-26 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Procédé de correction des intensités de feu de signalisation mesurées par un détecteur d'une unité de detection dans un appareil de laboratoire

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US7835786B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2010-11-16 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Methods, systems, and computer program products for optimization of probes for spectroscopic measurement in turbid media
US7818154B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2010-10-19 Duke University Monte Carlo based model of fluorescence in turbid media and methods and systems for using same to determine intrinsic fluorescence of turbid media
US7751039B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2010-07-06 Duke University Optical assay system for intraoperative assessment of tumor margins
US9820655B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2017-11-21 Duke University Systems and methods for spectral analysis of a tissue mass using an instrument, an optical probe, and a Monte Carlo or a diffusion algorithm
EP2238233A4 (fr) * 2007-12-27 2016-01-13 Bacterioscan Ltd Détection et comptage de bactéries en suspension dans des fluides biologiques
US9091637B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2015-07-28 Duke University Smart fiber optic sensors systems and methods for quantitative optical spectroscopy
CN105816151A (zh) * 2016-03-10 2016-08-03 天津大学 一种基于空间频域测量的均匀组织体光学参数重建方法
CN105816151B (zh) * 2016-03-10 2018-08-07 天津大学 一种基于空间频域测量的均匀组织体光学参数重建方法
EP3614128A1 (fr) * 2018-08-22 2020-02-26 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Procédé de correction des intensités de feu de signalisation mesurées par un détecteur d'une unité de detection dans un appareil de laboratoire
US10856391B2 (en) 2018-08-22 2020-12-01 Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Method to correct signal light intensities measured by a detector of a detection unit in a laboratory instrument

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