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WO2001038781A1 - Stockage et transport d'un hydrate - Google Patents

Stockage et transport d'un hydrate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001038781A1
WO2001038781A1 PCT/GB2000/004432 GB0004432W WO0138781A1 WO 2001038781 A1 WO2001038781 A1 WO 2001038781A1 GB 0004432 W GB0004432 W GB 0004432W WO 0138781 A1 WO0138781 A1 WO 0138781A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slurry
hydrate
liquid
bar
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2000/004432
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Raymond Taylor
Philip Arthur Borrill
Paul Anthony Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BG Intellectual Property Ltd
Original Assignee
BG Intellectual Property Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BG Intellectual Property Ltd filed Critical BG Intellectual Property Ltd
Priority to JP2001540298A priority Critical patent/JP2003515084A/ja
Priority to EP00977677A priority patent/EP1232362A1/fr
Priority to AU15315/01A priority patent/AU1531501A/en
Publication of WO2001038781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001038781A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/007—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrocarbon gases, such as methane or natural gas, propane, butane or mixtures thereof [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
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    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/036—Hydrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0184—Liquids and solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0128—Storage in depth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the storage and transport of fuel gas, particularly natural gas, in the form of a hydrate.
  • Gas hydrates are clathrate compounds in which gas molecules are physically entrapped or engaged in an expanded lattice of water molecules. Gas hydrates form when light hydrocarbons and other light gases such as N 2 and C0 2 contact water at suitably elevated pressures and/or low temperatures .
  • the oil and gas industry has for many years sought to inhibit the formation of hydrates at production and transmission installations as solid or concentrated hydrate may block flow channels impeding oil and gas production and transmission.
  • the production of associated natural gas at an oil production facility where there is no convenient or cost effective method of transporting the gas to a consumer has long been considered a nuisance.
  • Such associated gas is conventionally disposed of by flaring which is environmentally unfavourable and a waste of valuable natural resources .
  • a unit volume of solid natural gas hydrate may contain 150 or more unit volumes of natural gas
  • the conversion of natural gas into hydrate is now being considered as a safe, convenient and cost effective way of transporting or storing fuel gas.
  • the hydrate must be kept at a suitably low temperature and/or high pressure which can be expensive.
  • a method of transporting hydrate comprising maintaining the hydrate at an elevated pressure between substantially 2 and 20 bar.
  • a method of storing hydrate comprising maintaining the hydrate at an elevated pressure between substantially 2 and 20 bar.
  • Containers able to support a considerable quantity of hydrate such as 150 m 3 to 500 m 3 or greater at a pressure up to about 20 bar are inexpensive and provide a convenient means to store or transport hydrate in stable form.
  • the hydrate is preferably in the form of a slurry of hydrate particles in liquid.
  • a slurry is far more convenient to pump in and out of pressure containers in which the slurry is stored or transported than solid hydrate. Having the hydrate in the form of a slurry is particularly convenient when the hydrate is produced offshore on a platform for example where space is at a premium as being able to pump hydrate through pipes requires less space than conveyor belts, pneumatic conveyors etc. which are required to move solids.
  • the slurry may be between substantially 40% and 75% liquid by volume but is preferably between 45% and 65% liquid. Increasing the liquid content increases the flowability of the slurry but reduces the proportion of hydrate in the slurry and vice versa.
  • the hydrate is preferably maintained above the temperature at which the liquid in the slurry solidifies or freezes, which for water is 0°C, so that the slurry is maintained in a pumpable form.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically shows an apparatus for preparing a hydrate slurry
  • Figure 2 shows a hydrate equilibrium curve
  • Figure 3 diagrammatically shows a container for storing and transporting hydrate
  • Figure 4 shows a plurality of containers loaded on to a shi .
  • Figure 5 shows an apparatus to store hydrate at an offshore oil and gas production facility.
  • Figure 1 shows a hydrate forming plant 10 which is preferably as shown in our earlier patent application No. WO 97/26494 comprising one or more pressure vessels.
  • the plant 10 receives a supply of water 11 and a supply of hydrate forming gas 12.
  • the plant 10 may be onshore or may be incorporated on any offshore production facility.
  • the plant 10 could be on a fixed or floating production facility or adjacent to the production facility.
  • the hydrate forming gas supplied may be associated natural gas .
  • Hydrate slurry leaving plant 10 is generally at a temperature between substantially 2°C and 10°C and a pressure between substantially 20 bar and 200 bar, more usually between 45 bar and 100 bar.
  • the proportion of water in the hydrate/water slurry leaving the plant 10 will depend upon the particular type of plant used but could vary from about 50% to substantially 99%. If a plant as shown in our earlier patent application No. WO 97/26494 is used, the proportion of water in the produced hydrate slurry is likely to be greater than 90%. In these circumstances it is preferable to perform some separation of water from the slurry to increase the hydrate content of the remaining slurry. Increasing the concentration of the hydrate in the slurry increases the amount of valuable fuel gas transported for the same volume of hydrate slurry.
  • the hydrate slurry from plant 10 may be passed to a separator 20 through conduit 21.
  • the separator 20 may take any suitable form. It may for example be a hydrocyclone, a screen or a device for allowing the slurry to settle in a tank such that the less dense hydrate floats on top of the water and an arm or scraper is used to physically remove hydrate floating on the top of the water.
  • the water removed from the slurry by the separator may be recycled by being delivered to the plant 10 to be combined with water delivered through supply 11. This recycled water may contain traces of hydrate which will enhance hydrate production in the plant 10.
  • Hydrate slurry is delivered to one or more hydrate storage or transportation tanks 30 through conduit 31 from plant 10 or more preferably from separator 20.
  • Figure 2 is an equilibrium curve for the temperature and pressure conditions at which natural gas hydrate is stable.
  • the hydrate is stable when at temperatures and pressures above the curve.
  • the curve is slightly different for hydrates of other gases such as methane or if additives such as salt are included in the slurry.
  • natural gas hydrate must be stored at substantially 7 bar or greater to remain stable whilst at a temperature above the freezing point of the water (273k) in the slurry.
  • Additives such as salt may be added to the slurry to lower the temperature at which the water in the slurry freezes.
  • the hydrate slurry may be stored at a temperature less than 273k. Since the hydrate slurry generally leaves the plant 10 at a higher pressure than that at which it is stored in containers 30, no pressure increasing means are generally required, even if some pressure is lost in the separator. However, since the temperature at which the hydrate slurry leaves the plant 10 may be higher than that required in the containers 30 a chiller (not shown) as is well known in the art may be used. The chiller is preferably used to cool the hydrate slurry leaving the plant 10. If a separator 20 is used, the chiller is preferably positioned between the plant 10 and the separator 20 since slurry with a higher proportion of water is easier to cool.
  • the hydrate slurry is preferably stored or transported at a temperature just above 0°C, when the liquid in the slurry is water so that it does not freeze and at a pressure less than 20 bar, more preferably less than 10 bar, such as between 2 and 7 bar .
  • Figure 3 shows a container 30 for storing or transporting hydrate slurry.
  • the container 30 preferably has a cylindrical structure with substantially semi-spherical or dome shaped end portions.
  • the container is made from approximately 2-3 cm thick carbon steel portions welded together to be able to withstand the elevated pressures up to 20 bar or more conveniently 10 bar.
  • the container could be made from any suitable material such as a plastics material, composites, other metals such as aluminium or alloys such as stainless steel.
  • the container could be internally coated or lined to prevent degradation through corrosion or other chemical attack.
  • the container 30 is provided with a hydrate slurry input port 34, a hydrate slurry exit port 35 and a pressure relief valve 36 to vent the pressure within the container if it exceeds a predetermined value which is considered safe for that particular container.
  • the container is provided with a chiller 37 which pumps a cooling fluid, in this case a mixture of glycol and water, around the container 30 to keep the hydrate slurry within the container cool.
  • the cooling fluid is pumped through a conduit 38 which is in close thermal contact with the container 30, in this case by being wrapped around the container in coils 39.
  • the container 30 is also provided with a layer of insulation 40.
  • the size and number of containers 30 depends upon the quantity of hydrate slurry to be stored and/or transported. 3m diameter containers in lengths of between 10m and 20m are very cost effective as they can be pre-fabricated and supplied directly to a storage location or to a suitable vehicle or vessel. However, larger or smaller containers may also be used.
  • hydrate slurry produced in a plant 10 and passed through separator 20 is stored in one or more containers 30 which may be located onshore or offshore on or adjacent to a platform for example.
  • the hydrate slurry is pumped from exit port (s) 35 of storage container (s) 30 to the input port (s) 34 of one or more similar containers 30 on a vehicle or a ship 50 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the ship 50 shown in Figure 4 has a plurality of containers 30 laid end to end and stacked in the ship's hold.
  • Manifolds (not shown) are provided to deliver hydrate slurry to the input ports 34 and withdraw hydrate from the exit ports 35.
  • the hydrate slurry is then transported to its destination where it is pumped out of the exit port(s) 35 of the transporting container (s) 30 to the inlet port (s) 34 of one or more similar containers 30 to store the delivered hydrate slurry at its destination.
  • one or more containers 30 may only be provided on a vehicle or a ship and the vehicle or ship kept at the hydrate production plant 10 until a desired amount of hydrate slurry has been received in the container (s) 30. The vehicle or ship may then be transported to its destination and kept there whilst the hydrate slurry is gradually used up.
  • the present invention could be used to provide storage of fuel gas to accommodate variations in demand, for example.
  • Hydrate slurry produced in plant 10 of Figure 1 is pumped to one or more hydrate storage containers 30 through conduit 31.
  • the hydrate in the slurry in container 30 is maintained in a stable condition by being maintained at an elevated pressure as in the earlier example.
  • a separator 20 is preferably provided to separate some of the liquid from the hydrate slurry produced in the plant 10 before it is delivered to the storage container 30. Any liquid separated from the hydrate slurry by the separator may be recycled to the liquid input 11 of the plant 10. This recycled liquid may contain traces of hydrate which will enhance hydrate production in the plant 10. Additionally or alternatively a chiller may be used to cool the hydrate slurry produced in the plant 10 before it is delivered to container 30.
  • FIG. 5 shows an offshore facility.
  • the production facility illustrated in Figure 5 is an offshore platform 60 but this example is equally applicable to a floating facility.
  • Produced oil and gas is delivered through a pipeline 61 to a tanker or an onshore receiving station by one or more pumps 62.
  • the pumps 62 are generally powered by gas produced at the production facility.
  • the production facility of Figure 6 has a hydrate forming plant 10 which pumps produced hydrate slurry to one or more containers 30 through conduit 41. If desired the hydrate slurry produced in plant 10 may be separated and/or chilled before being delivered to storage containers 30.
  • the storage containers 30 are mounted below the surface of the sea so that the relatively high pressures (about 10 bar at a depth of about 90m) and low temperatures (typically 2-3°C) assist in maintaining the hydrate in the slurry in a stable condition.
  • the hydrate slurry in containers 30 is converted back into fuel gas by for example releasing the pressure in tanks 30 or pouring warm water into tanks 30.
  • the fuel gas is delivered back to the platform 60 through conduit 63 to power pumps 62.
  • the hydrate may be provided in a slurry in which the liquid component is essentially provided by oil or liquid hydrocarbons rather than water. Since oil and liquid hydrocarbons solidify at a lower temperature than that at which ice freezes, the slurry of hydrate in oil or liquid hydrocarbons in containers 30 may be maintained at a lower temperature and a consequently lower pressure determined by the hydrate equilibrium curve whilst still maintaining the slurry in a pumpable form.
  • the slurry of hydrate particles in oil or liquid hydrocarbons may be produced by supplying the hydrate forming plant 10 with a mixture of water, fuel gas and oil and/or liquid hydrocarbons .
  • the water and fuel gas are consumed in the plant 10 to produce hydrate which leaves the plant 10 in the oil or liquid hydrocarbons as a slurry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de stockage et de transport d'une suspension d'hydrate. La suspension d'hydrate est stockée et transportée à une pression élevée atteignant 20 bars, mais de préférence 10 bars, et à une température supérieure à celle à laquelle se solidifie ou gèle le liquide dans la suspension.
PCT/GB2000/004432 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Stockage et transport d'un hydrate Ceased WO2001038781A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001540298A JP2003515084A (ja) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 水和物の貯蔵及び輸送
EP00977677A EP1232362A1 (fr) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Stockage et transport d'un hydrate
AU15315/01A AU1531501A (en) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Hydrate storage and transportation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9927810.3 1999-11-25
GB9927810A GB2356619A (en) 1999-11-25 1999-11-25 Transporting and storing a hydrate slurry

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001038781A1 true WO2001038781A1 (fr) 2001-05-31

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PCT/GB2000/004432 Ceased WO2001038781A1 (fr) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Stockage et transport d'un hydrate

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1232362A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003515084A (fr)
AR (1) AR026581A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1531501A (fr)
GB (2) GB2356619A (fr)
TN (1) TNSN00224A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW480321B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001038781A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003095998A (ja) * 2001-09-27 2003-04-03 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd ハイドレート製造輸送方法
WO2006048666A3 (fr) * 2004-11-04 2006-06-22 Univ Heriot Watt Nouveaux systemes a base d'hydrate
WO2013184410A3 (fr) * 2012-06-04 2014-02-13 Elwha Llc Récupération de fluide dans des systèmes de transport de clathrate refroidi
US9822932B2 (en) 2012-06-04 2017-11-21 Elwha Llc Chilled clathrate transportation system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4968998B2 (ja) * 2001-09-10 2012-07-04 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスハイドレート採掘システム
JP4507534B2 (ja) * 2003-09-01 2010-07-21 株式会社Ihi 天然ガスの包接水和物の製造方法及び製造装置
JP4500567B2 (ja) * 2004-03-16 2010-07-14 三井造船株式会社 ガスハイドレート製造方法および製造装置
CN100430459C (zh) * 2005-11-10 2008-11-05 中国石油大学(北京) 储存和/或运输液态燃料的方法
JP6438721B2 (ja) * 2014-09-24 2018-12-19 株式会社Ihi オゾンハイドレート輸送容器
CN105203716B (zh) * 2015-10-12 2017-03-29 西南石油大学 海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采实验模拟装置

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US4821794A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-04-18 Thermal Energy Storage, Inc. Clathrate thermal storage system
WO1996034226A1 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'un hydrocarbure, et produit ainsi fabrique
WO1998027033A1 (fr) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Procede de production d'hydrates de gaz
US5941096A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-08-24 Gudmundsson; Jon Steinar Method of oil and gas transportation

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US5473904A (en) * 1993-11-12 1995-12-12 New Mexico Tech Research Foundation Method and apparatus for generating, transporting and dissociating gas hydrates
JPH0875195A (ja) * 1994-09-06 1996-03-19 Hitachi Ltd 地域冷房システム
JPH109494A (ja) * 1996-06-21 1998-01-13 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 炭化水素ガスの貯蔵・送出方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4821794A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-04-18 Thermal Energy Storage, Inc. Clathrate thermal storage system
WO1996034226A1 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'un hydrocarbure, et produit ainsi fabrique
US5941096A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-08-24 Gudmundsson; Jon Steinar Method of oil and gas transportation
WO1998027033A1 (fr) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Procede de production d'hydrates de gaz

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003095998A (ja) * 2001-09-27 2003-04-03 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd ハイドレート製造輸送方法
WO2006048666A3 (fr) * 2004-11-04 2006-06-22 Univ Heriot Watt Nouveaux systemes a base d'hydrate
AU2005300349B2 (en) * 2004-11-04 2010-12-16 Heriot-Watt University Novel hydrate based systems
WO2013184410A3 (fr) * 2012-06-04 2014-02-13 Elwha Llc Récupération de fluide dans des systèmes de transport de clathrate refroidi
US9303819B2 (en) 2012-06-04 2016-04-05 Elwha Llc Fluid recovery in chilled clathrate transportation systems
US9464764B2 (en) 2012-06-04 2016-10-11 Elwha Llc Direct cooling of clathrate flowing in a pipeline system
US9822932B2 (en) 2012-06-04 2017-11-21 Elwha Llc Chilled clathrate transportation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TNSN00224A1 (fr) 2002-05-30
GB2359538A (en) 2001-08-29
GB2356619A (en) 2001-05-30
GB9927810D0 (en) 2000-01-26
JP2003515084A (ja) 2003-04-22
AR026581A1 (es) 2003-02-19
AU1531501A (en) 2001-06-04
TW480321B (en) 2002-03-21
GB0028455D0 (en) 2001-01-10
EP1232362A1 (fr) 2002-08-21

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