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WO2001037353A1 - Alimentation durable haute densite - Google Patents

Alimentation durable haute densite Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001037353A1
WO2001037353A1 PCT/US2000/031186 US0031186W WO0137353A1 WO 2001037353 A1 WO2001037353 A1 WO 2001037353A1 US 0031186 W US0031186 W US 0031186W WO 0137353 A1 WO0137353 A1 WO 0137353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
cells
cell
cover
planar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/031186
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Neil Oliver
David D. Baggaley
E. Lee Huston
Alexander Jacobs, Iii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Edgewell Personal Care Brands LLC
Original Assignee
Eveready Battery Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eveready Battery Co Inc filed Critical Eveready Battery Co Inc
Priority to AU16578/01A priority Critical patent/AU1657801A/en
Publication of WO2001037353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001037353A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to rechargeable h gh energy density power supplies designed for integration into electronic equipment .
  • cylindrical cell configurations such as what are commonly known m the industry as “ AA” , “ 4/3 A” and “ 18650” cells are typically used These may be assembled individually into a device or may be first integrated into a packaged power supply
  • Packaged power supplies or battery packs generally use housings or enclosures of light weight plastic as it is not a principal function to protect the cells Particularly with devices such as computers where the total lifetime energy consumption is many times the capacity of their battery pack secondary cells have become the dominant choice over primary cells
  • the design evolution of electronic devices to be ever smaller and lighter has demanded higher energy density and more efficient use of space - power supplies are being driven smaller and lighter.
  • designers of power supplies have attempted to fit standard configuration cells into smaller and smaller packages.
  • cylindrical secondary cells hinder this objective. Large numbers of cylindrically shaped cells cannot be efficiently grouped or stacked as inter-cell space is wasted. In addition, the dimensions of standard cylindrical cells are too large to fit in the smaller electronic devices.
  • these secondary cells are cylindrical in shape is because they include an outer can or container that must function as a pressure vessel.
  • the cell chemistries used in the most common secondary cells (such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride systems) produce gases during operation that must be contained. The resulting pressures cannot be practically and efficiently contained in enclosures having large planar sides . Cylindrical pressure vessels are more efficient for this purpose, but they increase the overall weight of the power supply and decrease spatial efficiency.
  • prismatic containers are more spatially efficient than cylindrical cells as less inter-cell space is wasted.
  • known prismatic containers containing cells subject to gassing and resultant internal pressure are required to be manufactured from materials having sufficient strength to withstand such pressures, thereby compromising the efficient use of volumes available for accommodating power supplies.
  • a drawback of cells without rigid containment structures is their inherent greater susceptibility to damage.
  • the family of cells discussed above typically includes a metal foil or polymer envelope sealed about the electrode assembly. The purpose of this envelope is to prevent escape of the electrolyte and isolate the cell from contact with external air and environment.
  • the envelope is generally very thin and vacuum sealed or otherwise tightly drawn or heat sealed about the cell to reduce volume. This envelope provides little protection to the cell from physical contact with external objects that might damage the cell structure. This type of envelope is discussed m U.S. Patent No 5,487,958 to Tura .
  • these cells Handling of these cells, either during assembly into a powered device or during the cell's operational lifetime (swapping power supplies or batteries for recharging) can lead to damage to the electrodes and other functional elements from impact with the external environment.
  • these cells typically include connected active or passive circuit elements These may take the form of discrete devices or elements on a circuit board or similar structure
  • These charge and discharge control devices are also subject to damage from contact with external objects and require protection
  • lithium-based materials used can release large amounts of energy if ignited Fire may originate from an external source or from internally generated heat from an electrical short or other incident due to a damaged cell As a consequence, both physical protection of li thium-based electrodes and containment m case of fire is desired.
  • the present invention provides a high energy density power supply including an energy storage device such as an electrochemical cell in a durable low volume package.
  • an energy storage device such as an electrochemical cell in a durable low volume package.
  • a pair of thin metal covers are spaced apart and retained at their edges by a surrounding frame.
  • a highly protected cavity is formed between the covers.
  • the means of interconnecting the frame and covers minimizes the frame volume.
  • the frame includes slots, which receive lips formed on the perimeters of the covers.
  • Insulating sheets or other insulators are provided to separate the storage device from the conductive covers.
  • the covers act as contacts and are electrically connected to the storage device.
  • the energy storage device incorporated m the present power supply is preferably a thin planar electrochemical cell of a type otherwise unprotected by a rigid containment structure. Such cells are considered exposed and potentially damaged from contact with external objects.
  • a durable external structure is placed around them.
  • a cell is selected from lithium based secondary cells.
  • Alternative configurations using devices such as capacitors for energy storage are also provided.
  • a particular advantage of the power supply for devices such as laptop computers is the small thickness dimension obtainable with framed metal covers Using thin planar electrochemical cells of large capacity such as is possible with lithium-based cells, a thin but high capacity power supply is constructed
  • the invention includes electrically powered devices incorporating the durable power supplies as described herein. From the following illustrations and examples, additional advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become clear to those skilled m this craft
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a power supply according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross section view of the embodiment of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a cross section view of a battery pack m which one cover is not insulated from the enclosed cell
  • Figures 1 and 2 depict a power supply 10 according to one embodiment of the invention that is formed by positioning a first sheet metal cover 12 on a top (m this particular orientation) first side 16 of a frame 20 A second cover 14 is similarly positioned on the bottom second side 22 of the frame 20
  • the frame is formed of elongated legs 24 of minimized cross-sectional area
  • the inside surfaces of the legs 24 define an inner frame perimeter 26 tnat together with the inner faces 28 of the covers define a cavity 30
  • a planar cell 32 and a control circuit board 34 reside within the cavity 30
  • the first cover 12 has a cutaway 36 that exposes contacts 38 on the circuit board 34
  • Insulator sheets 40 are positioned between the covers 12 14 and the cell 32 as a means of electrically insulating the covers 12,14 from the cell 32 Many materials and means for insulating such devices are known and the selection of a proper insulator will be clear to those skilled m making these devices.
  • a securing means such as adhesive or double-sided tape (not shown) may be used to attach the cell 32 and circuit board 34 to one of the covers to reduce relative motion.
  • the figures are not drawn to scale and the space between the cell 32 and frame 20 is shown enlarged for clarity.
  • the frame 20 and covers 12,14 are sized to tightly fit the dimensions of the cell 32.
  • the frame 20 is preferably formed of a lightweight electrically insulating plastic that is injection moldable.
  • the frame's principal function is as a spacer and anchor to secure and retain the covers.
  • the frame may be formed by injection molding or other similar process.
  • the height or thickness of the frame is determined by, and defines, the spacing required to contain the cell 32 and any insulating elements.
  • the width of each leg 24 of the frame 20 should be as small as possible to maximize the available space within.
  • the frame width must also be sufficiently large to provide for interconnection with the covers 12,14.
  • Figure 2 a cross-section view of a frame leg
  • the slot 46 depicts a slot 46 provided to receive a turned lip 48 formed on the perimeter of each cover 12,14.
  • the slot 46 is preferably slightly wider than the thickness of the lip 48 to receive a quantity of bonding agent for securing the cover by adhesion to the frame 20.
  • These structures are but one of many alternative means of joining the covers and frame.
  • Other alternatives include threaded fasteners passing through holes m the covers and secured m receptors m the frame; plastic rivets passing through holes m the covers and enlarged on the cover exterior faces; tab-and-slot type mechanism; as well as others which are known to those skilled m the art.
  • the advantage of the present joining means is a particularly narrow frame leg width
  • additional intermediate legs are present partitioning the cavity into multiple regions These multiple regions may be used to contain circuitry or other elements separated from the energy storage device, or for other purposes.
  • the covers have two principal functions The primary function is to provide adequate stiffness and rigidity to the power supply to prevent damage to the cell and maintain operation of the cell. To do this, the covers must have sufficient strength and stiffness to prevent general bending of the cell and localized deformation of the covers themselves.
  • enclosures for encasing electrochemical cells or a group of cells have been made of thin walled plastic. Plastic enclosures have a benefit m being relatively light weight. However, plastic has been found to provide insufficient strength unless of a greater thickness that significantly adds to the overall thickness dimension of the power supply.
  • the second function of the covers is to act as a fire barrier to both prevent an external fire from reaching the cells and to limit the release of energy from the cell in the case of a fire initiated within the cell.
  • the covers 12,14 are formed of stainless steel of 0.3 mm (0.012 inch) thickness.
  • a minimum practical thickness in stainless is about 0.15 to 0.20 mm (0.0059 to 0.0079 inch) .
  • the practical maximum, above which advantages over other materials dimmish, is about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) .
  • Other metals having comparable characteristics are also available.
  • metal covers An additional advantage of metal covers is the increased heat dissipation possible due to the relatively high thermal conductivity and capacity of most metals.
  • Sheet metal covers in contact or close proximity to a hot cell provide significant conduction and thermal capacity to dissipate heat buildup that may be due to operation or incidental events .
  • Sheet metal covers also assist m dissipating heat generated outside of the power supply to the periphery of the power supply and away from the cells. Further, the closely spaced metal covers can be manufactured to provide electromagnetic field shielding which is a factor with many electronic devices.
  • a control circuit board 34 is shown connected to the terminals 50 at one end of the cell 32.
  • the structure and necessary functions of the circuit board 34 are dependent upon the requirements of the particular storage device and will be known to the designer.
  • the contacts 38 are used to connect with an external device to be powered.
  • the power supply 10 can be snapped into an external device receptor having mating contacts to electrically connect the power supply 10.
  • extended wire leads are attached to the circuit board 34 and exit the power supply through a small aperture m the frame 20 or cover 12. The leads are then connected to leads or contacts to an external device.
  • the cutaway 36 of the cover is unnecessary
  • wire leads connect the circuit board to rigid contacts on the exterior of the frame or covers
  • the covers 12,14 themselves function as rigid electrical contacts providing connection to the circuit board or cell.
  • the upper cover 12 is not insulated from the cell.
  • the cover is connected with a conductive envelope 53 of the cell 32 by direct contact or through an intermediate conductor. Alternatively, where no insulation is required between the cell envelope and either cover, no insulators are present.
  • the cell 32 is shown to include an electrode assembly 55 encased in a flexible envelope 52.
  • the use of cells having rigid containment structures such as those structures required to accommodate electrochemical cells that gas is not contemplated in the present invention.
  • the cell 32 combined in the present invention is one that is otherwise unprotected; the active elements such as electrodes are subject to the external forces exerted from the surrounding environment. Due to the thin flexible nature of the envelope 52, it provides insignificant protection to the electrode assembly from external forces .
  • a " lithium-based” cell here means that the anode (negative electrode on discharge) of the cell comprises in principal part one or more of the following: lithium foil and mixtures, alloys, composites, intercalated carbons, and intercalated conductive polymers of lithium.
  • a planar electrochemical cell of the present invention includes any cell that can be configured so as to assume a planar geometry.
  • Such cells may include one of a group of secondary cells sharing the following characteristics, lithium based and has only planar electrodes, relatively thin, and employ energy storage chemistries that do not require significant containment of gases during their operational life
  • These secondary cells typically have electrodes wrapped in a flexible envelope and are particularly adaptable to the advantages m the present invention.
  • planar electrodes are electrodes m which the active material (and any nonactive accompanying structure such as supporting films or foils) of each electrode lies m a geometric plane
  • folded electrodes m which each fold lies substantially m a single geometric plane.
  • folded electrodes form a planar electrochemical cell as used herein
  • a planar electrochemical cell further includes a cell having a multiple of stacked individually planar electrodes.
  • the benefits of the present design are greatest when used with relatively thin planar cells, and the preferred power supply has a minimum aspect ratio of at least one to eight
  • a power supply " aspect ratio” is, for the purposes here, defined as: the ratio of the overall thickness of the power supply to the lesser of the overall width and length dimensions (thickness being the minimum of the dimensions between all pairs of opposing sides)
  • a clarifying example is: a power supply having outside dimensions of 3 x 30 x 40 mm (0.12 x 1.2 x 1.57 inches) has an aspect ratio of one to ten (1:10).
  • the energy density retaining advantages of the thin metal covers are greatest compared to alternative structures due to the relative volumes of the covers and frame
  • the protective benefits gained from the combination of power supply structures exist also m small aspect ratio devices
  • the cell thickness is 2 6 mm thick (0 10 inch) Allowing room for insulating sheets on either side or the cell and additional thickness dimension for tolerances and variation the necessary cavity dimension is about 3 2 mm (0 13 inch)
  • the difference between the cavity dimension and the total component dimensions within the cavity (the gap 57 in Figure 2) should be as small as possible - preferably less than 0.5 mm (0 020 inch)
  • the overall power supply thickness is 3.8 mm (0 15 inch) - only 146 percent of the cell thickness This compares to about 240 percent for the same configuration if using plastic covers of 1.5 mm (0.059 inch) thickness as might be required for a fire barrier
  • the overall power supply energy density with metal covers is higher. Regardless of the energy capacity and volume of the particular energy storage device, the overall energy density of a power supply is maximized when the nonactive structural elements have reduced volume as m the present invention.
  • the power supply cell is preferably a secondary electrochemical cell of the type described above, m alternative embodiments the cell is a planar high-energy capacitor or other energy storage device requiring rigid shielding from external physical environments. Adaptation or incorporation of known alternative devices and materials, present and future is also contemplated.
  • the intended scope of the invention is defined by the following claims

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une alimentation encapsulée (10) munie d'une enceinte rigide qui entoure un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique tel qu'une pile électrochimique (32). Les cellules utilisées sont du type de celles comprenant des électrodes planaires empilées, scellées dans une feuille souple ou enveloppe plastique laminée (52); elle peuvent aussi être non protégées. En variante, on peut utiliser d'autres dispositifs similaires de stockage d'énergie électrique tels que des condensateurs planaires. L'invention présente des avantages particuliers lorsqu'elle est utilisée avec des piles électrochimiques planaires tels que des piles aux ions-lithium, polymères lithium, lithium-soufre ou d'autres piles similaires comprenant des anodes planaires à base de lithium. L'enceinte utilise des couvercles métalliques fins (12, 14) qui entourent la ou les piles de manière à les protéger physiquement des forces extérieures et d'agir comme barrière pare-feu pour isoler les électrodes haute énergie à base de lithium. La faible épaisseur des couvercles métalliques et la structure à faible volume de l'enceinte permettent de réduire au minimum l'influence négative de l'enceinte sur la densité énergétique globale.
PCT/US2000/031186 1999-11-15 2000-11-13 Alimentation durable haute densite Ceased WO2001037353A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU16578/01A AU1657801A (en) 1999-11-15 2000-11-13 Durable high density power supply

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44052899A 1999-11-15 1999-11-15
US09/440,528 1999-11-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001037353A1 true WO2001037353A1 (fr) 2001-05-25

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PCT/US2000/031186 Ceased WO2001037353A1 (fr) 1999-11-15 2000-11-13 Alimentation durable haute densite

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1657801A (fr)
TW (1) TW475286B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001037353A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006062295A1 (fr) 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Lg Chem, Ltd. Bloc d'accumulateurs de type a verrouillage
EP1498964A4 (fr) * 2002-03-06 2009-09-23 Sony Corp Dispositif a batterie
DE102008059946A1 (de) 2008-12-02 2010-06-10 Daimler Ag Batterie, insbesondere Fahrzeugbatterie
WO2010099906A3 (fr) * 2009-03-03 2010-10-28 Li-Tech Battery Gmbh Cellule d'accumulation d'énergie électrique et bloc de cellules
DE102009035489A1 (de) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Daimler Ag Einzelzelle für eine Batterie
EP2273583A4 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2012-09-26 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Batterie rectangulaire scellée de manière étanche et module de batterie l'utilisant
CN104037366A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 三星Sdi株式会社 可再充电电池组
DE102021204657A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Batteriezelle für einen Hochvoltspeicher

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111343812B (zh) * 2020-03-06 2021-12-24 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 一种阻火外壳及电子设备
CN114094255B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2024-07-16 北京小米移动软件有限公司 电芯及其制造方法和电池

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JPS60193257A (ja) * 1984-03-14 1985-10-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 鉛蓄電池
JPS60258848A (ja) * 1984-06-06 1985-12-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 密閉形鉛蓄電池
EP0263881A1 (fr) * 1986-03-19 1988-04-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Accumulateur au plomb scelle hermetiquement
JPS63128569A (ja) * 1986-11-19 1988-06-01 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 密閉形鉛蓄電池
JPH10112296A (ja) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-28 Sony Corp 二次電池およびその製造方法
JPH11111249A (ja) * 1997-10-03 1999-04-23 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd 電池パック用ケース
JP2000021374A (ja) * 1997-11-05 2000-01-21 Philips Consumer Commun France バッテリユニット及びこのバッテリユニットを含む携帯型バッテリ式装置
JP2000048773A (ja) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-18 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 非水電解質電池

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60193257A (ja) * 1984-03-14 1985-10-01 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 鉛蓄電池
JPS60258848A (ja) * 1984-06-06 1985-12-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 密閉形鉛蓄電池
EP0263881A1 (fr) * 1986-03-19 1988-04-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Accumulateur au plomb scelle hermetiquement
JPS63128569A (ja) * 1986-11-19 1988-06-01 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 密閉形鉛蓄電池
JPH10112296A (ja) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-28 Sony Corp 二次電池およびその製造方法
JPH11111249A (ja) * 1997-10-03 1999-04-23 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd 電池パック用ケース
JP2000021374A (ja) * 1997-11-05 2000-01-21 Philips Consumer Commun France バッテリユニット及びこのバッテリユニットを含む携帯型バッテリ式装置
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1498964A4 (fr) * 2002-03-06 2009-09-23 Sony Corp Dispositif a batterie
EP1825542A4 (fr) * 2004-12-10 2008-08-06 Lg Chemical Ltd Bloc d'accumulateurs de type a verrouillage
WO2006062295A1 (fr) 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Lg Chem, Ltd. Bloc d'accumulateurs de type a verrouillage
EP2273583A4 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2012-09-26 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Batterie rectangulaire scellée de manière étanche et module de batterie l'utilisant
US8574750B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2013-11-05 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Sealed battery to withstand internal pressures and battery module using same
DE102008059946A1 (de) 2008-12-02 2010-06-10 Daimler Ag Batterie, insbesondere Fahrzeugbatterie
WO2010099906A3 (fr) * 2009-03-03 2010-10-28 Li-Tech Battery Gmbh Cellule d'accumulation d'énergie électrique et bloc de cellules
WO2011012209A1 (fr) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Daimler Ag Cellule unitaire pour batterie
DE102009035489A1 (de) 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Daimler Ag Einzelzelle für eine Batterie
CN104037366A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 三星Sdi株式会社 可再充电电池组
EP2775549A1 (fr) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-10 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Bloc-batterie rechargeable
US9123933B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2015-09-01 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Rechargeable battery pack
DE102021204657A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2022-11-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Batteriezelle für einen Hochvoltspeicher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW475286B (en) 2002-02-01
AU1657801A (en) 2001-05-30

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