[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2001029312A1 - Procede combinant des additifs fonctionnels et passivation de la secherie - Google Patents

Procede combinant des additifs fonctionnels et passivation de la secherie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001029312A1
WO2001029312A1 PCT/US2000/026578 US0026578W WO0129312A1 WO 2001029312 A1 WO2001029312 A1 WO 2001029312A1 US 0026578 W US0026578 W US 0026578W WO 0129312 A1 WO0129312 A1 WO 0129312A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dryer
treatment agent
agent
drum
apphed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/026578
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thord Hassler
Elliott Echt
John Gast
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hercules LLC
Original Assignee
Hercules LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hercules LLC filed Critical Hercules LLC
Priority to AU77240/00A priority Critical patent/AU7724000A/en
Publication of WO2001029312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001029312A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/24—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture
    • D21H23/26—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of manufacturing cellulosic products such as paper and paperboard. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for preparing paper comprising a strength and/or sizing agent, and to methods of dryer passivation. Background
  • Linting in cellulosic products is a problem that can arise when fibers and fiber fragments are poorly bonded in the sheet. These fiber fragments become dislodged from the paper and contaminate surfaces in contact with the paper. Linting can occur during manufacture or during use of the product. One cause of linting is sticking of the surface of the paper to the dryers. Linting results in deposits of fibers and fiber fragments in the dryer section, on the sheet, and in the paper processing equipment such as paper coating and printing machines.
  • Paper smoothness is important for, e.g., paper printing.
  • One factor limiting paper smoothness is the protrusion of fibers and fiber fragments above the surface of the sheet. This is sometimes called fiber rising. Linting, fiber rising and paper smoothness are interrelated properties of the paper. Reduction in linting, reduced fiber rising and improved smoothness can be accomplished by increasing the surface strength of a cellulosic sheet, e.g., paper or paperboard.
  • Additives that increase the bonding of the fibers also increase various strength measures of the paper (with the exception of tear strength that is not affected by the addition of strength additives). In order to obtain a paper product with the desired strength characteristics, therefore, many different additives are available for increasing the surface strength of paper.
  • Increase in fiber to fiber strength is related to inherent adhesive properties of all strength additives. Not only do they increase the adhesion between fibers, but they also increase the adhesiveness of the sheet to machine components.
  • strength agents' tendency to increase sheet adhesion in the dryer section e.g., to dryer drums and/or fabrics. Adhesion in the dryer section can be notable on the dryer drums, and is dependent on the relationship between temperature, moisture, and the thermal properties of the adhesive substance. The increased adhesion can result in increased fiber rising and linting thus reducing the positive effect the strength additive will have on fiber rising, linting and surface smoothness.
  • rate of hydrolysis increases exponentially with temperature for cellulose reactive functional additives such as sizing agents and strength additives. Minimizing the time the additive is kept at high temperature in the presence of water, therefore, can significantly reduce the hydrolysis side reaction, thereby decreasing the loss of functional additive. This reduction in loss of functional additive, i.e., increase in yield of functional additive, can be taken advantage of by reducing the addition rate of the functional additive.
  • One disadvantage of cross machine nonuniformity is that addition rate of functional additives must be set to meet the specification across the whole width of the paper. If the moisture profile is nonuniform there will be a higher loss of functional additives at these points with higher moisture. The consequence of this is excessive use of functional additives at other points where the moisture is lower. Addition rate can be minimized if paper is more uniform particularly with regard to moisture profile.
  • cellulose reactive additives include sizing agents, wet strength agents and dry strength agents.
  • sizing agents include sizing agents, wet strength agents and dry strength agents.
  • wet strength agents include sizing agents, wet strength agents and dry strength agents.
  • dry strength agents include sizing agents, wet strength agents and dry strength agents.
  • usefulness of functional paper additives by reducing their tendency to form deposits or increase sticking of the paper in the dryer section.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing the level of functional additive needed to obtain a desired level of a property, e.g., strength or sizing. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for increasing the yield obtained by a given rate of addition of a functional additive. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for employing higher addition rates of functional additive than were previously feasible.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing the addition rate of functional additive, e.g., strength and/or additive, by increasing machine speed and/or ease of release of cellulosic sheet from a dryer drum and/or dryer fabric.
  • functional additives subject to hydrolysis the rate of addition is also reduced by the decreased opportunity for hydrolysis and/or increased opportunity for cellulose reaction that results from faster drying.
  • functional additive is used, exclusively or partially, for increased smoothness, reduced fiber rising, and/or reduced linting, less functional additive needs to be added as adhesion to a dryer surface becomes less of a problem.
  • the present invention also provides methods obtaining increased yield from functional additives that are added to a fiber furnish at a given rate.
  • a given amount of functional additive e.g., strength and/or sizing agent
  • the present invention also provides methods for increasing the level of functional additive, e.g., strength and/or sizing additive, including additives subject to hydrolysis, while reducing adhesion and deposit formation in the drying section.
  • functional additive e.g., strength and/or sizing additive
  • This enables the paper manufacturer to use a combination of weaker fibers, more fillers and less refining for adjusting of paper properties and cost, or to enhance properties, e.g., strength and/or sizing, of paper being produced.
  • the present invention provides a method for adjusting parameters in a paper machine comprising a dryer section and producing a cellulosic product from a fiber furnish comprising a functional additive, the method comprising: a) deciding whether to implement a dryer section treatment program; b) if yes, then dete ⁇ nining what dryer section treatment program to use; c) implementing a dryer section treatment program; and d) adjusting at least one paper machine parameter based on the dryer section treatment program.
  • the deciding is preferably based on at least one of: al) deciding to improve paper uniformity; a2) deciding to improve at least one of fiber rising, linting, and smoothness; and a3) deciding to increase dryer section temperature.
  • a treatment agent is selected, and the determining is based on at least one of: bl) how well the treatment agent prevents deposition on the dryer surface; b2) how well the treatment agent maintains as a film under dryer conditions; b3) how chemically stable the treatment agent is; b4) how stable the treatment agent is with regard to at least one of pitch and stickies; b5) non- adhesiveness of the treatment agent; b6) how well the treatment agent avoids adverse effect on sheet properties.
  • the dryer section comprises at least one of a dryer drum and a drying fabric
  • the implementing preferably comprises application of a treatment agent to at least one of the dryer drum and the dryer fabric.
  • the adjusting preferably comprises at least one of: dl) adjusting the amount of functional additive; and d2) adjusting dryer temperature.
  • the present invention also provides a method for increasing efficiency of a functional additive, the method comprising: a) forming a wet cellulosic sheet comprising a functional additive; b) drying the wet cellulosic sheet in a dryer to obtain a dry cellulosic sheet; and c) applying a treatment agent to the dryer; wherein the treatment agent is apphed in sufficient quantity to substantially prevent adhesion of the cellulosic sheet to the dryer.
  • the present invention also provides a method for obtaining a cellulosic sheet, the method comprising: a) forming a wet cellulosic sheet comprising a strength agent; b) applying a treatment agent to a dryer; and c) drying the wet cellulosic sheet in the dryer to obtain a dry cellulosic sheet; wherein the dry cellulosic sheet is smoother than a cellulosic sheet obtained from the same materials and methods but for at least one of a) and b).
  • the present invention also provides an improvement in a paper machine and in a paper machine process, the paper machine comprising a wet end and a dryer section, wherein a wet cellulosic sheet comprising a functional additive is formed in the wet end, the dryer section comprising at least one dryer drum operated at a drying temperature, and the paper machine is operated at a machine speed, the improvement comprising applying a treatment agent to the dryer.
  • the present invention also provides an improvement in a paper machine and in a paper machine process, the paper machine comprising a wet end and a dryer section, wherein a treatment agent is apphed to the dryer, the dryer section comprising at least one dryer drum operated at a drying temperature, and the paper machine is operated at a machine speed, the improvement comprising forming a wet cellulosic sheet comprising a functional additive in the wet end.
  • the present invention also provides an improvement in a paper machine, and in a paper machine process, the paper machine comprising a wet end and a dryer section, wherein the paper machine is operated at a machine speed, and the dryer section comprises at least one dryer drum operated at a drying temperature, the improvement comprising: a) applying a treatment agent to the dryer; and b) increasing at least one of the drying temperature and the machine speed.
  • the functional additive preferably comprises at least one of a strength agent and a sizing agent.
  • the functional additive preferably comprises at least one of a cellulose- reactive agent and a non-cellulose-reactive agent.
  • a strength agent used in the present invention is preferably cellulose-reactive or non-cellulose reactive.
  • Preferred cellulose-reactive strength agents include at least one of a polymer having epoxide functionality and polymer having aldehyde functionality.
  • Preferred cellulose reactive strength agents having epoxide functionality include at least one of polyamido amine epichlorohydrin resin, polyamine epichlorohydrin resin.
  • Preferred cellulose reactive strength agents having aldehyde fiinctionahty include at least one of aldehyde starch, glyoxalated polyacrylamide, urea formaldehyde resin, and melamine formaldehyde resin.
  • Preferred non-cellulose-reactive strength agents comprise at least one of latex, latex derivative, starch, starch derivative, gum, gum derivative, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, homopolymer or copolymer of vinylamine, and polyacrylamide.
  • a sizing agent used in the present invention is preferably cellulose reactive.
  • a functional additive comprising a cellulose reactive sizing agent preferably comprises at least one of a ketene dimer, a ketene multimer, and an alkenyl succinic anhydride.
  • Preferred ketene dimers comprise at least one of an alkyl ketene dimer, an alkenyl ketene dimer, and an aryl ketene dimer.
  • the dryer preferably comprises at least one of a drying fabric and a drying drum
  • the treatment agent is preferably apphed to the dryer, preferably to at least one of the drying drum and drying fabric.
  • Treatment agents can be apphed to any combination of dryer drum(s) and/or dryer fabric.
  • a second treatment agent can be apphed to another drum, or, if present, to a drying fabric.
  • a treatment agent for use in the present invention preferably comprises at least one of an oil, a synthetic resin powder, and a combination of cationic and anionic resins.
  • a treatment agent comprising an oil is preferably apphed to at least one of a dryer drum and a drying fabric.
  • a treatment agent comprising a synthetic resin powder is preferably apphed to a dryer drum.
  • a treatment agent comprising a resin is preferably apphed to a drying fabric.
  • a treatment agent comprising an oil preferably comprises a mineral oil, a natural or derivatized vegetable oil, a natural or derivatized animal oil, or a silicone oil.
  • a treatment agent comprising a derivatized vegetable or animal oil preferably comprises at least one of a partially hydrogenated animal or vegetable oil; a completely hydrogenated animal or vegetable oil; an animal or vegetable oil transesterified with a polyol; and an acetylated animal or vegetable oil.
  • a treatment agent comprising a synthetic resin powder preferably comprises melamine cyanurate or polytetrafluoroethylene. Prefe ⁇ ed melamine cyanurate comprises melamine cyanurate prepared from about equal weights of melamine and isocyanuric acid.
  • the synthetic resin powder preferably comprises particles having sizes in the range of about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ , more preferably about 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • a surfactant is preferably included in a treatment agent comprising an oil or a synthetic resin powder.
  • a treatment agent comprising an oil preferably comprises an oil- in-water emulsion, and preferably comprises a surfactant.
  • a treatment agent comprising a synthetic resin powder preferably comprises an aqueous dispersion of the synthetic resin powder, and preferably comprises a surfactant.
  • the surfactant preferably comprises at least one of a nonionic ethoxylated surfactant, an anionic alkyl sulfonate, and a soap.
  • a treatment agent can be apphed continuously or intermittently, preferably continuously.
  • the rate at which a treatment agent is apphed preferably depends on the treatment agent and the dryer surface to which it is apphed.
  • a treatment agent comprising an oil apphed to a fabric is preferably apphed at a rate of about 0.1 to 100 mg oil per m 2 of fabric surface per minute, more preferably about 0.2 to 40 mg oil per m 2 of fabric surface per minute, more preferably about 0.4 to about 20 mg oil per m 2 of fabric surface per minute, more preferably about 0.5 to 10 mg oil per m 2 of fabric surface per minute.
  • a treatment agent apphed to a dryer drum is preferably apphed at an average rate greater than about 0.1 to 5000 mg oil per m 2 of drum surface per minute, more preferably about 5 to 1000 mg oil per m 2 of drum surface per minute, more preferably about 30 to 800 mg oil per m 2 of drum surface per minute.
  • a treatment agent comprising an oil and apphed to a dryer drum
  • the oil is preferably apphed at a rate in the range of about 0.1 to 1000 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably about 5 to 1000 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably about 30 to 800 mg/m 2 /min, where "m 2 " refers to the area of the drum.
  • the synthetic resin powder is preferably apphed to the drum at an average rate of about 10 ⁇ g to 50 mg per m 2 of drum surface per minute.
  • the machine speed is preferably increased at least about 1%, more preferably at least about 2%, even more preferably at least about 4%.
  • Machine speed can be increased up to about 10%, or more.
  • the drying temperature is preferably increased at least about 2%, more preferably at least about 3%, and can be increased up to about 5% or more, based on degrees Kelvin.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining paper machine operating parameters according to the present invention. DetaUed Description of the Invention
  • a reference to a compound or component includes the compound or component by itsetf, as weU as in combination with other compounds or components, such as mixtures of compounds.
  • Functional additives are additives that, by being incorporated into a ceUulosic sheet, impart a new property or enhance a property to the ceUulosic sheet.
  • a process improvement additive is any additive that either improves the paper making process or processing of the ceUulosic sheet. Although a process improvement additive might enhance the properties of a ceUulosic sheet, the additive does not do so through being incorporated in the sheet, but by some other means.
  • foam control products additives that control microbiological growth in the process water and additives that reduce sheet adhesion to surfaces that contact the ceUulosic sheet.
  • Functional additives added to paper can be classified according to many criteria.
  • ceUulose reactivity is an agent that reacts with ceUulose to form a covalent bond.
  • An agent that is not ceUulose reactive does not form a covalent bond with ceUulose.
  • latices can be used as non-reactive strength additives to ceUulosic products. As is known to those of ordinary skiU in the art, latices may be apphed to ceUulosic products as aqueous emulsions in pulp slurries, e.g., as an emulsion added to a pulp slurry before sheet formation in a paper machine. Methods of the present invention are directed toward production of ceUulosic products, e.g., paper and paperboard.
  • the inventive methods combine use of a functional additive and at least one process improvement additive apphed in the dryer section of a paper machine, which combination provides for more efficient use of a functional additive.
  • the interplay between functional additive and process improvement additive used in the dryer section is complex, and provides several methods for enhancing productivity.
  • the functional additive apphed before sheet formation in the inventive methods preferably comprises a strength and/or sizing agent.
  • the functional additive can comprise additives considered to be ceUulose-reactive, not ceUulose reactive, and mixtures thereof.
  • the process improvement additive apphed in the dryer section comprises apphcation of a release agent to any combination of dryer fabrics and dryer drums.
  • Methods of the present invention are also directed toward methods to permit higher drying temperatures. Temperatures of drying drums in a paper machine are generaUy between about 50 and 135 °C. The upper temperature is limited by paper ignition temperature and other factors in addition to deposition. Even with perfectly clean drums the temperature generaUy does not exceed about 135 °C. Higher temperatures are generaUy associated with increased deposition problems. As the paper dries, however, tendency for deposition reduces. Thus, in dryer sections having more than one drying drum, drum temperatures are typicaUy graduaUy increased as the paper gets drier. In situations where there is a very bad deposition problem, the first dryer drum is generally operated at a low temperature, or not even heated at aU. Because processes according to the present invention reduce or eliminate dryer deposition, it becomes possible to dry paper more aggressively by, e.g., increasing dryer drum temperatures.
  • dryer temperature and productivity can vary from machine to machine. As a general rule, however, the higher the drying temperature, the higher the productivity. Processes according to the present invention, therefore, can increase productivity by permitting higher drying temperatures. Productivity can be increased, e.g., by 5% or more, especiaUy in a dryer-limited paper machine.
  • the present invention permits use of more aggressive drying and/or increased machine speed, thereby reducing the avahable time in which functional additives subject to hydrolysis, e.g., ceUulose-reactive additives, are subject to the hydro lyzing effect of water.
  • functional additives subject to hydrolysis e.g., ceUulose-reactive additives
  • a method for increasing the efficiency of a functional additive by employing a process improvement agent, i.e., treatment agent, in the dryer section of a paper machine.
  • a process improvement agent i.e., treatment agent
  • methods for obtaining a greater degree of effect from the same level of functional additive preferably a ceUulose-reactive additive.
  • process improvement agent i.e., a treatment agent
  • This method increases the yield of functional additive by providing cleaner drying surfaces, which in turn results in ceUulosic products having more uniform water contents, and lower water contents, as it progresses through the dryer.
  • methods of the present invention permit use of lower amounts of functional additive, hence reduced materials costs, to obtain products with the desired characteristics.
  • a method for increasing drying temperature of the dryer section of a paper machine by employing process improvement agent, i.e., a treatment agent, in the dryer section of a paper machine. Temperatures can be increased, e.g., at least about 2%, more preferably at least about 3%, more preferably at least about 5% or more, based on degrees Kelvin.
  • the present invention also provides for a method of producing paper having decreased linting, decreased fiber rising, and/or increased smoothness, by use of a release agent in conjunction with a functional additive comprising a size agent or strength agent. The method also provides for improved manufacture of paper using increased amounts of latex-based strength additive.
  • the process improvement agent acts as a release agent in the dryer section of a paper machine, which has two dominant effects on functional additives.
  • a release agent permits more aggressive drying in the beginning of the dryer section. This allows for more rapid removal of water from the sheet, and easier release of the sheet from dryer drums. By removing water more rapidly, time for side reactions, such as hydrolysis of ceUulose reactive agents, is reduced. This, in turn, can either permit higher yield from the amount of functional additive used, or can permit obtaining a target value, e.g., of strength or sizing, using a lower amount of functional additive.
  • Functional additives are apphed at a level sufficient to meet the minimum specification.
  • the section of the paper with the lowest quality point determines the addition rate.
  • aU other parts of the paper have an addition rate surplus to the requirement.
  • the addition rate is most easUy targeted to obtain a desired property when the paper is perfectly uniform as it is only in this case every part of the paper is treated with a product at an addition rate required for that particular point. For this reason it is desirable to have as uniform paper as possible.
  • Functional additives used in processes according to the present invention comprise at least one of a strength agent and a sizing agent.
  • AU additives apphed before sheet formation that increase strength in a ceUulosic sheet, e.g., paper or paperboard, can be used in methods according to the present invention.
  • strength agents that may be used include dry strength agents and wet strength agents, the wet strength agents including both temporary and permanent wet strength agents, as weU as mixtures thereof.
  • the classification of a strength agent is not important, and it is noted that certain strength agents are known to increase more than one type of strength.
  • Strength agents which are natural, or based on natural materials, and which can be used in the present invention include, e.g., natural hemiceUuloses of wood; carboxymethyl ceUulose; starches; gums, such as plant gums such as guar or locus bean gum; derivatives of these materials, and mixtures thereof. Synthetic strength agents can be used in the present invention.
  • Prefe ⁇ ed synthetic strength agents include synthetic hydrophilic polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol, homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinyl amine, polyethylene imine, copolymers of acrylamide, polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin resins, polyamine epichlorohydrin resins.
  • Other useful additives able to impart strength to paper include the variety of adhesive latices. Examples of these include those made from styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and other monomers used in emulsion copolymerization.
  • Some preferred latices are disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,824,191, 5,466,336, 4,510,019, and 4,225,383, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • Preferred ceUulose-reactive strength agents include strength agents having aldehyde, epoxide, azetidinium, or other ceUulose-reactive functionality.
  • Preferred ceUulose-reactive strength agents having aldehyde fiinctionahty include aldehyde starches and gums.
  • Preferred synthetic ceUulose-reactive strength agents include epoxide- containing resins; polyamido amine epichlorohydrin resins; polyamine epichlorohydrin resins; urea formaldehyde resins; and melamine formaldehyde resins. Mixtures of ceUulose reactive strength agents may also be used. Some preferred ceUulose-reactive strength agents are disclosed in U.S.
  • Strength agents which are not ceUulose reactive may also be used, and preferably comprise strength agents that are ceUulose substantive, e.g., strength agents having a net cationic charge in water which causes them to be attracted to ceUulose.
  • Prefe ⁇ ed strength agents include latices; natural or derivatized starches, preferably cationic starches; natural or derivatized gums, preferably cationic gums; non-aldehyde-containing polyacrylamides; homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl amine; and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • non-ceUulose-reactive strength agents are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patents Nos. 5,098,521 and 4,421,602, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • anionic polymers can be used such as carboxymethyl ceUulose and anionic urea formaldehyde resins can be used if these are apphed together with a cationic material, such as alum or a cationic polymer, that wiU retain the anionic strength additive to the ceUulose fiber at the point of sheet formation.
  • a cationic material such as alum or a cationic polymer
  • the amount of strength agent used is preferably an amount sufficient to provide a desired level of strength, or increased strength, in the ceUulosic product made.
  • the amount of strength agent used depends on the identity of the strength agent used, and the paper grade produced. The appropriate amounts can be determined by a person of ordinary skiU in the art for the particular apphcation. Conventional rates of apphcation for some preferred strength agents are provided in Table 1.
  • Methods of the present invention can be used to reduce the amount of strength agent necessary to obtain a desired level of strength. Similarly, methods of the present invention can be used to obtain greater strength from the same level of additive. Further, methods of the present invention can be used to permit use of higher levels of strength agent than was previously feasible.
  • any sizing agent may be used, preferably a ceUulose- reactive size.
  • ceUulose reactive sizes include ketene dimers and multimers, alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, styrene maleic anhydrides, organic epoxides containing from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms, acyl halides containing from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid anhydrides from fatty acids containing about 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and organic isocyanates containing from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • ceUulose- reactive sizes used in processes of the present invention comprise alkyl ketene dimers, alkyl ketene multimers, and/or alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.
  • Mixtures of sizing agents, preferably including at least one ceUulose-reactive sizing agent, are also included in processes of the current invention.
  • Ketene dimers and multimers are materials of Formula I:
  • Ketene dimers suitable for use in the present invention preferably include those in which the R and R" groups, which can be the same or different, are hydrocarbon radicals.
  • the R and R" groups are alkyl or alkenyl groups having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having at least 6 carbon atoms, aryl having at least 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl having at least 7 carbon atoms, alkaryl having at least 7 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • ketene dimer is selected from the group consisting of (a) octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, phenyl, benzyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, and cyclohexyl ketene dimers, and (b) ketene dimers prepared from organic acids selected from the group of montanic acid, naphthenic acid, 9,10-decylenic acid, 9,10-dodecylenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, eleostearic acid, naturaUy occurring mixtures of fatty acids found in coconut oU, babassu oU, palm kernel oil, palm oU, ohve oU, peanut oU,
  • ketene dimer is selected from the group of octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, phenyl, benzyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, and cyclohexyl ketene dimers.
  • Suitable ketene dimers are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,279,794, and in United Kingdom Patent Nos. 903,416; 1,373,788 and 1,533,434, and in European Patent Apphcation Pubhcation No. 0,666,368 A3, corresponding to commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 5,685,815, aU of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • Ketene multimers for use in the process of this invention are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 5,846,663, which is incorporated herein in its entirety. They have the formula I where n is an integer of at least 1, R and R", which may be the same or different, are saturated or unsaturated straight chain or branched alkyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms; preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 14 to 16 carbon atoms; and R' is a saturated or unsaturated straight chain or branched alkyl group having from 20 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 8 or from 28 to 40 atoms. Ketene multimers are also described in EP 0,629,741 Al, incorporated herein in its entirety, and EP 0,666,368 A3, which corresponds to U.S. Patent No. 5,685,815.
  • Liquid ketene dimers and multimers suitable for use in this invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,879,814, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and U.S. Patents Nos. 5,685,815 and 5,846,663.
  • Alkyl ketene dimers are commerciaUy avaUable, as Aquape sizing agents, and in the dispersion form as Hercon * emulsion sizes from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware. Ketene dimers not sohd at 25° C are avaUable as Precis * sizing agents, also from Hercules Incorporated.
  • alkenylsuccinic anhydrides AS As are composed of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains containing pendant succinic anhydride groups. They are usuaUy made in a two-step process starting with alpha olefin. The olefin is first isomerized by randomly moving the double bond from the alpha position. In the second step the isomerized olefin is reacted with maleic anhydride to give the final ASA structure 2.
  • Typical olefins used for the reaction with maleic anhydride include alkenyl, cycloalkenyl and aralkenyl compounds containing from 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • alkenylsuccinic anhydrides is commerciaUy avaUable from Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
  • the amount of ceUulose-reactive size used is preferably an amount sufficient to provide a desired level of sizing, or increased sizing, in the ceUulosic product made.
  • Ketene dimers (AKDs), ketene multimers (AKMs), and succinic anhydrides (AS As) are conventionaUy added at about 0.05-0.4wt%, more often about 0.05-0.2 wt%, based on weight of dry paper.
  • Methods of the present invention can be used to reduce the amount of reactive size necessary to obtain a desired level of sizing. Similarly, methods of the present invention can be used to obtain greater sizing from the same level of additive. Further, methods of the present invention can be used to permit use of higher levels of sizing agents than was previously feasible.
  • Methods according to the present invention employ dryer pacification of depositable substances.
  • any method of dryer pacification can be used, it is preferred to use the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 10/288934, 10/288942, and 10/288945, filed September 25, 1998, and methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,246,548, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • These methods are directed toward spraying of a treatment agent on the dryer of a paper machine.
  • a dryer fabric is preferably sprayed with a treatment agent comprising an oil and/or combination of cationic and anionic polymers.
  • a dryer drum is preferably sprayed with a treatment agent comprising an oU, a synthetic resin powder, or a combination thereof.
  • a treatment agent is sprayed onto a dryer fabric and a second treatment agent, optionaUy the same as the first treatment agent, is sprayed onto a dyer drum.
  • treatment agent When treatment agent is apphed to the dryer, the heat of the dryer generaUy evaporates most or aU of water or other volatUes that may be present, and the remainder of the treatment agent forms a film on a dryer surface, preferably a dryer fabric and/or dryer drum.
  • a dryer surface preferably a dryer fabric and/or dryer drum.
  • Treatment agent should be replenished, therefore, preferably at a rate approximately equal to the rate of treatment agent depletion.
  • treatment agent is preferably apphed to the dryer, preferably by spraying, either continuously or intermittently. Intermittent apphcation can be at regular or inegular intervals.
  • intermittent is meant, e.g., applying for 15 minutes every 30 or 60 minutes, spraying for 10 minutes every hour, or spraying for several minutes whenever it is determined that treatment levels have sufficiently declined.
  • An appropriate treatment agent and an appropriate treatment agent addition rate can be determined by one of ordinary skih in the art based on the present disclosure.
  • Such chemical treatments can be apphed in the form of a solution, in a solvent, as a dispersion, or as neat material, and can be classified as oils, synthetic resin powders, and mixtures thereof.
  • Prefened oils include silicones and triglycerides.
  • Preferred silicone oils include dialkylsilicones, alkylaryl silicones, and amino silicones. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, methylphenyl silicone oU, dimethyl silicone oU, denatured amino silicone oU, denatured epoxy silicone oU, denatured higher fatty acid silicone oU.
  • Triglycerides or other oUy materials e.g., natural or hydrogenated vegetable or animal oU, e.g., castor oU, can also be used.
  • Mineral oils can also be used.
  • the term "oU” should be understood to mean that the active ingredient is a hquid at temperatures of use, e.g., at the temperature of the surface in the dryer section to which treatment agent is apphed.
  • synthetic resin powder should be understood to refer to a material which is solid at those temperatures.
  • dryers are typicaUy operated at temperatures greater than 100 °C, a paraffin wax having a melting temperature of about 60 °C would be considered an oU rather than a solid.
  • Examples of commercial treatment agents include a variety of treatment agents from Maintech, Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), for example, Dusclean liner board Nos. 1 and 2, Dusclean white board Nos. 1, 2 and 4, Dusclean corrugating medium Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Dusclean calendar Nos. 1 and 2, Dusclean fine paper No. 1, Duslean newsprint Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Cleankeeper E, Cleankeeper S, and Cleankeeper LF treatment agents.
  • Hercules Incorporated (Wilmington, Delaware, USA) has Zenix DS 7148, Zenix DS 7141, Zenix DS 7149 and Zenix DS 7151 treatment agents.
  • the treatment agent can be apphed in any manner determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, and is preferably apphed by spraying the treatment agent on to the dryer surface to be treated.
  • An oU e.g., a silicone oU
  • a treatment agent comprising an oU is preferably apphed with the oU in the form of an emulsion as this lowers viscosity of the treatment agent, and improves dispersion characteristics during spraying.
  • the oU is preferably emulsified with surfactant, by methods determined by those of ordinary skUl in the art.
  • an additional surfactant can be used. Any amount of surfactant, or mixture of surfactants, that permits formation of an emulsion by a method determined by one of ordinary skiU in the art may be used.
  • Prefe ⁇ ed surfactants include anionic and nonionic surfactants.
  • a nonionic surfactant comprises ethoxylated surfactants, preferably including at least one of ethoxylated glycerides, ethoxylated fatty acids, or other ethoxylated polyols, such as polysorbate 80.
  • a surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant
  • the anionicity preferably arises from either a carboxylic acid functionality or a sulfonate fiinctionahty.
  • Preferred anionic surfactants include soaps, e.g., sodium or potassium salts of C ⁇ o-C 22 fatty acids, and alkyl sulfonates, e.g., C ⁇ o-C 22 alkyl sulfonates.
  • the surfactant used for emulsification of oU is preferably present at about 15 to 70 wt% of the oU, e.g., silicone oU.
  • Emulsions of oU in water can be prepared in any concentration determined useful by one of ordinary skUl in the art. Emulsions preferably have weight ratios of water to oU in the range of about 4 to 15.
  • an excessive supply rate of oU in a treatment agent can result in clogging of the openings of the dryer fabric, thereby deteriorating drying efficiency; can result in dripping or pooling on drums, leading to waste of material; and can possibly result in excessive pick-up of treatment agent on paper, causing change or variation in paper quahty.
  • An oU treatment rate can vary depending on, e.g., the type of the dryer fabric and/or dryer drum, and quahty of the paper strip, and can be determined by one of ordinary sk l in the art. Whenever a treatment rate is for non-constant or non-continuous treatment, then the treatment rate should be understood as referring to average treatment rate.
  • the treatment rate for a dryer fabric can be determined by one of ordinary skUl in the art, and can depend on the surface area of the fabric, the material from which the fabric is made, and other factors.
  • the oU in a treatment agent apphed to a dryer fabric is preferably apphed at a rate greater than about 0.1 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 0.2 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 0.4 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /min, and more preferably greater than about 1 mg/m 2 /min, where "m 2 " refers to the area, square meters, of fabric, Le., for a simple closed loop of fabric, the area is simply length times width.
  • the oU in a treatment agent is apphed to a dryer fabric at a rate less than about 100 mg/m 2 /min, preferably less than about 50 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 40 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 25 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 20 mg/m 2 /min, and more preferably less than about 10 mg/m 2 /min.
  • the oU in a treatment agent apphed to a dryer drum is preferably apphed at a rate greater than about 0.1 mg/m 2 /min, preferably greater than about 0.5 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 1 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 2 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 5 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 10 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 30 mg/m 2 /min, where "m 2 " refers to the surface area, square meters, of dryer drum, i.e., ⁇ (drum length)(drum diameter).
  • the oU in a treatment agent is apphed to a dryer fabric at a rate less than about 5000 mg/m 2 /min, preferably less than about 1000 mg/m 2 /min, preferably less than about 800 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 500 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 300 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 200 mg/m 2 /min.
  • the treatment agent can be dUuted with water to any concentration of actives (non-aqueous components) determined by a person of ordinary skUl in the art to be used in a particular paper machine, and can depend on the nature of the pulp, other additives used, etc.
  • the treatment agent sprayed onto the dryer has greater than about 0.033 wt% actives, more preferably greater than about 1 wt% actives, and more preferably greater than about 5 wt% actives.
  • the treatment agent sprayed onto the dryer has less than about 60 wt% actives, more preferably less than about 40 wt% actives, more preferably less than about 30 wt% actives.
  • a treatment agent apphed to a dryer drum may contain a synthetic resin powder in addition to, or in place of, an oh. Any synthetic resin powder of appropriate size and type to reduce the effects of asperities in a dryer drum can be used. Since the surface of a drum dryer can be heated up to a high temperature (typically in the range of about 50 to 135 °C), however, use of synthetic resin powders stable at dryer temperatures, e.g., not susceptible to denaturation at dryer temperatures, is preferable.
  • a treatment agent comprising a synthetic resin preferably comprises a melamine cyanurate (MCA), which preferably comprises MCA prepared by reacting about equal weights of melamine and isocyanuric acid.
  • MCA melamine cyanurate
  • particle size is an important consideration in selecting a synthetic resin powder. Any particle size distribution that is capable of efficiently filling up asperities in a dryer roU may be used in methods of the present invention, and can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art for the particular equipment used. If the particle size is too smaU, the fiU-up condition becomes unstable, and if the particle size is too large, it becomes difficult to fiU up the recesses in the microscopic asperities on the surface of the drum dryer.
  • synthetic resin powders wiU generaUy have average particle sizes greater than about 0.1 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than about 1 ⁇ m. GeneraUy, the synthetic resin powders will have average particle sizes less than about 10 ⁇ m, more preferably less than about 5 ⁇ m.
  • An apphcation rate of synthetic resin powder may be determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art to dehver a sufficient amount of powder to the drum surface, and may depend on a number of factors, including, for example, on the average particle size in the resin powder, on the material and condition of the drum to which the treatment is apphed, and the method of apphcation.
  • the rate of apphcation is greater than about 2 ⁇ g/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 10 ⁇ g/m 2 /min, more preferably greater than about 30 ⁇ g/m 2 /min based on the weight of the resin powder and the drum surface area.
  • the rate of apphcation is preferably less than about 50 mg/m 2 /min, more preferably less than about 10 mg/m 2 /min.
  • the treatment agent comprising a synthetic resin powder also comprise a surfactant to improve the quahty of the dispersion, so that spraying as described hereinafter can be facilitated.
  • a surfactant that improves the dispersion can be used.
  • surfactants include anionic and nonionic surfactants.
  • a nonionic surfactant comprises ethoxylated surfactants, preferably including at least one of ethoxylated glycerides, ethoxylated fatty acids, or other ethoxylated polyols, such as polysorbate 80.
  • a surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant
  • the anionicity preferably arises from either a carboxylic acid fiinctionahty or a sulfonate fiinctionahty.
  • Prefe ⁇ ed anionic surfactants include soaps, e.g., sodium or potassium salts of C ⁇ 0 -C 22 fatty acids, and alkyl sulfonates, e.g., C10-C22 alkyl sutfonates.
  • surfactant preferably represents about 15 to 60 wt% based on the total of surfactant and synthetic resin powder.
  • a treatment agent comprising a dispersion of synthetic resin powder generaUy contains about 5 to 100 times as much water (by weight) as much as the synthetic resin powder or sum of synthetic resin powder and surfactant.
  • a treatment agent comprises an oU, a synthetic resin powder, or both
  • water used for dUution and/or apphcation is preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 50 to 80 °C to minimize a risk of the nozzles getting clogged, e.g., with scum and slime.
  • the surface treatment agent is preferably also heated to a substantiaUy equivalent temperature.
  • a spray nozzle or spray nozzles are preferably employed.
  • the treatment agent may be further dUuted with water (on the order of 10-to 100- fold) before the treatment agent is apphed to a dryer surface.
  • Treatment agents for use in the present invention may also contain other additives as deemed necessary by one of ordinary skill in the art to control or modify the treatment agent. These may include, for example, preservatives, antistatic agents, viscosity modifiers, and mixtures thereof.
  • a treatment agent can comprise ingredients to alter the characteristics of the paper product produced.
  • ingredients include, for example, hpid (including oU or sohd wax) based dusting inhibitor.
  • a treatment agent can be apphed to a dryer by any means.
  • the method of apphcation is not important as long as the treatment is evenly apphed to the surface which is to be treated, e.g., a dryer drum or dryer fabric.
  • a preferred method of apphcation is with spray nozzles.
  • spray nozzles Several different methods of spraying a treatment onto a dryer are avaUable, and can vary, for example in the number of spray nozzles and whether the nozzles are stationary or traversing nozzles.
  • Stationary nozzles are generaUy employed in one of two ways. First, there can be two jets, one situated on each outer edge of the width of the drum or fabric to be treated.
  • treatment agent is pumped through the jets, or through the nozzles, the treatment agent is sprayed approximately uniformly across surface to be sprayed, e.g., the width of drum or fabric.
  • one or more nozzles are mounted on tracks which permit the nozzles to traverse the width of the surface to be sprayed, thereby covering the entire width of the surface to be sprayed.
  • Combinations of stationary and/or traversing nozzles can also be used.
  • Any spraying apparatus can be used.
  • Preferred spraying apparatuses are manufactured by Maintech Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan under the trade names MISTRUNNER, CLEAN HIT and SPRAY BAR.
  • MISTRUNNER comprises a single traversing spray nozzle.
  • CLEAN HIT comprises two types of stationary nozzles; a needle nozzle to spray the center part of the fabric or drum, and fan nozzles to spray from each end.
  • SPRAY BAR comprises a plurality of stationary nozzles. Each of these apparatuses can be obtained with heating and mixing units for the treatment agent.
  • treatment agent apphed to a dryer fabric When a treatment agent is apphed to a dryer fabric, it is apphed either directly, e.g., by spraying the fabric, or indirectly, e.g., by applying the treatment agent to a roU that contacts the fabric. It is preferred to apply treatment agent to a fabric either by a single traversing nozzle, or with two jet nozzles. In order to permit water a chance to substantiaUy completely evaporate, treatment agent apphed to a fabric is preferably apphed to the fabric at a location distant from where the fabric contacts the paper, such as at the stretch roU.
  • a treatment agent to the side of the fabric that comes in contact with the paper, or to a roU that contacts the side of the fabric that contacts the paper.
  • the treatment agent is preferably apphed directly to the drum with a single traversing nozzle. Evaporation is less of a consideration when spraying a drying drum than when treating a fabric because the high heat of the drying drum results in rapid evaporation of water that may be present in the treatment agent.
  • parameters for operation of a paper machine can be determined by foUowing the methodology that is schematicaUy represented in Figure 1.
  • the first step is determining whether to implement a dryer section treatment program. This determination involves at least one of three inquiries which can be made by a person of ordinary skUl in the art.
  • the first inquiry is whether paper nonuniformity should be improved.
  • Nonuniformity in this context refers to any nonuniformity that is desirable to reduce or eliminate, and includes, for example, nonuniform cross direction moisture profile.
  • the second inquiry is whether fiber rising should be reduced.
  • the third inquiry is whether higher temperatures can or should be used in the dryer section, or whether a higher machine speed is desired.
  • the first two inquiries can involve consideration of a number of factors, including, e.g., the paper grade being manufactured and customer requirements.
  • the third inquiry is generaUy based at least partiaUy on the capabilities of the paper machine. If the answer to any of these inquiries is yes, then the second step of the method should be undertaken.
  • the second step is determining whether treatment agent in the dryer section can be used to improve paper machine operations, and implementing such a treatment program. This determination includes attributing, at least in part, any paper characteristic sought to be improved to a problem in the dryer section. Thus, for example, if fiber rising is more of a problem on one side of a sheet than another, perhaps only the set of dryer drums contacting that side need be treated. If paper nonuniformity is the problem, and an examination of the dryer reveals clean dryer drums but a partiaUy clogged dryer fabric, then at least the dryer fabric wiU need to be treated.
  • the third step is parameter adjustment, for performance improvement.
  • the addition rate of functional additive, the dryer drum temperature, the machine speed, or any combination thereof, can be adjusted.
  • this will generaUy involve reducing the amount of functional additive to nevertheless obtain about the same paper quahty as before adjustment.
  • the amount of functional additive can be maintained or increased to obtain paper with enhanced qualities compared to before adjustment.
  • dryer drum temperature is adjusted, this generaUy means that dryer drum temperature is increased to a level closer to, or about at, the maximum operational temperature of the machinery.
  • machine speed is increased, this generaUy means an increase in machine speed.
  • Methods of the present invention can be apphed either retrospectively or prospectively.
  • retrospective apphcation is meant that parameters are analyzed retrospectively, e.g., based on past paper machine performance.
  • prospective apphcation is meant that the parameters are based on operating changes that a paper machine operator would like to implement, such as, for example, increasing machine speed.
  • the present invention is further Ulustrated by way of the foUowing contemplative examples, which, for one of ordinary skiU in the art, suffice to illustrate parameter adjustment processes and paper making machine operations according to the present invention. These examples are non-limiting and do not restrict the scope of the invention.
  • Example 1 Unless stated otherwise, aU percentages, parts, etc. presented in the examples are by weight. Example 1
  • Addition of 5 lb. per ton of cationic starch prior to sheet formation is used to provide internal strength and to increase surface strength.
  • the starch addition reduces the fiber and filler linting caused by insufficient surface strength to some extent but not sufficiently to eliminate the problem with lint accumulation during printing.
  • Continuous apphcation of a treatment agent comprising on the first and second drying drums as per the invention reduces the linting further and to a level where it was no longer considered a problem.
  • the increased release also reduces the stretch of the paper in the drying section.
  • the treatment agent comprises an oU-in-water emulsion comprising about 20wt% paraffin wax having a melting point about 50 °C, about 3wt% alkyl sulfonate surfactant, and about 77wt% water manufactured by applying high shear created by a turbine mixer on a coarse emulsion of aU components at a temperature of 65 °C, then cooling to ambient temperature.
  • the treatment agent at ambient temperature, is apphed to the first heated dryer drum coming in contact with each side of the paper (i.e., apphed to two drums) by a MISTRUNNER traversing atomizing nozzle at an addition rate of 10 ml/min for each apphcation point.
  • the drying drums which are maintained at 120 °C, are 8 m in width, and have 1.8 m diameters.
  • the miU can now choose between two different approaches for further parameter adjustment. It can reduce the addition rate of cationic starch as the addition rate is now determined by the internal strength requirement, or it could maintain the addition rate but increase the fiUer level.
  • the process manager for this miU decides that rather than reduce cost by reducing the addition rate of cationic starch, it would be more advantageous for the miU to increase the level of fiUer further, as this would increase the quahty (e.g., improved opacity) of the paper.
  • Example 2
  • a fine paper machine using bleached hardwood fibres and 18% precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is sizing the paper with 2 lb. ton of alkyl ketene dimer reactive size.
  • the miU was also used 10 lb./ton of cationic starch for internal strength. Due to the presence of starch in the furnish there is considerable fiber rising in the drying section.
  • the miU process manager is only able to minimize the fiber rising by drying the paper very gently in the first part of the drying section by operating the first six drying drums at about 30 °C below the machine's maximum operating temperature, and operating the remaining drums at about the machine's maximum temperature.
  • the newsprint is prepared from a furnish made of 98% de-inked newsprint and 2% clay.
  • Cationic starch (5 kg/ton paper) is added for strength.
  • Cationic polyacrylamide 200 g/ton paper) is added as a retention agent.
  • the production manager decides to implement a dryer section treatment program to reduce fiber rising.
  • a composition prepared and apphed to the first dryer drum to contact each side of the newsprint as in Example 1.
  • the dryer drums are each 8 m in width, and 1.8 ra in diameter.
  • the composition is apphed continuously at a rate of 10 ml/min.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés permettant de considérer des paramètres de fonctionnement à l'échelle du système dans une machine à papier destinée à la régulation de l'efficacité d'additifs fonctionnels, par exemple, d'un agent de résistance et/ou d'un agent de collage, et de fonctionnements d'une machine à papier fabriquant des feuilles cellulosiques contenant un additif fonctionnel. Ces méthodes comprennent des combinaisons d'additifs fonctionnels dans la section humide d'une machine à papier et lors de la passivation dans la section de la sécherie de ladite machine. Cette invention concerne également des procédés de commande de paramètres de fonctionnement dans des segments disparates d'une machine à papier, des procédés de mesure des variables et des paramètres d'ajustement qui associent des opérations dans des segments disparates de ladite machine à papier.
PCT/US2000/026578 1999-10-15 2000-09-27 Procede combinant des additifs fonctionnels et passivation de la secherie Ceased WO2001029312A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU77240/00A AU7724000A (en) 1999-10-15 2000-09-27 Process combining functional additives and dryer section passivation

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41264099A 1999-10-15 1999-10-15
US09/412,640 1999-10-15
US54953700A 2000-04-14 2000-04-14
US09/549,537 2000-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001029312A1 true WO2001029312A1 (fr) 2001-04-26

Family

ID=27021845

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/026578 Ceased WO2001029312A1 (fr) 1999-10-15 2000-09-27 Procede combinant des additifs fonctionnels et passivation de la secherie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7724000A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001029312A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004025029A1 (fr) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procede perfectionne d'utilisation d'additifs chimiques insolubles dans l'eau avec de la pate et produits fabriques au moyen de ce procede
US6951598B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue
US6964725B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-11-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue products containing selectively treated fibers
US7029756B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2006-04-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US9587328B2 (en) 2011-09-21 2017-03-07 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fine fibers made from polymer crosslinked with resinous aldehyde composition
CN106978755A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 制造穆斯林清真纸的煨缸新材料及其制备方法
CN106978754A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 青稞香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978756A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 葱花香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978752A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 葱花香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978753A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 制造穆斯林清真纸的煨缸新材料及其制备方法
CN106978757A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 茴香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978758A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 茶香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978751A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 青稞香型清真纸的生产方法
EP3276074A4 (fr) * 2015-03-27 2018-11-21 Maintech Co., Ltd. Composition d'agent de prévention de contamination
US10300415B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2019-05-28 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fine fibers made from reactive additives

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04130190A (ja) * 1990-09-20 1992-05-01 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd 抄紙用ドライヤー表面清浄潤滑剤
GB2284833A (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-06-21 Steven Frederick Finch Inhibiting the deposition of sticky particles on paper mill dryer fabrics
JPH07292382A (ja) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-07 Taiho Ind Co Ltd 抄紙ドライヤー工程用汚れ付着防止剤
US5575891A (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-11-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper containing an oil and a polyhydroxy compound
US5824191A (en) * 1993-08-09 1998-10-20 Fibermark Filter & Technical Products, Inc. Process for making a paper based product employing a polymeric latex binder

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04130190A (ja) * 1990-09-20 1992-05-01 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd 抄紙用ドライヤー表面清浄潤滑剤
US5824191A (en) * 1993-08-09 1998-10-20 Fibermark Filter & Technical Products, Inc. Process for making a paper based product employing a polymeric latex binder
GB2284833A (en) * 1993-11-02 1995-06-21 Steven Frederick Finch Inhibiting the deposition of sticky particles on paper mill dryer fabrics
JPH07292382A (ja) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-07 Taiho Ind Co Ltd 抄紙ドライヤー工程用汚れ付着防止剤
US5575891A (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-11-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper containing an oil and a polyhydroxy compound

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199224, Derwent World Patents Index; Class F09, AN 1992-197083, XP002159120 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199602, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A26, AN 1996-017520, XP002159119 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004025029A1 (fr) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procede perfectionne d'utilisation d'additifs chimiques insolubles dans l'eau avec de la pate et produits fabriques au moyen de ce procede
US6951598B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue
US6964725B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-11-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue products containing selectively treated fibers
US7029756B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2006-04-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US9587328B2 (en) 2011-09-21 2017-03-07 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fine fibers made from polymer crosslinked with resinous aldehyde composition
US10300415B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2019-05-28 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fine fibers made from reactive additives
EP3276074A4 (fr) * 2015-03-27 2018-11-21 Maintech Co., Ltd. Composition d'agent de prévention de contamination
CN106978756A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 葱花香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978752A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 葱花香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978753A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 制造穆斯林清真纸的煨缸新材料及其制备方法
CN106978757A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 茴香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978758A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 茶香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978751A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 青稞香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978754A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 青铜峡市佳美纸业有限责任公司 青稞香型清真纸的生产方法
CN106978755A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 宁夏佳美精细纸制品有限公司 制造穆斯林清真纸的煨缸新材料及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7724000A (en) 2001-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2001029312A1 (fr) Procede combinant des additifs fonctionnels et passivation de la secherie
JP7097356B2 (ja) ミクロフィブリル化セルロースを含むコーティング層を形成する方法
JP4907086B2 (ja) 製紙で用いられるアルキルケテン二量体及びアルキルコハク酸無水物を含有する被覆組成物
EP0743172B1 (fr) Nouvelle formule adhésive de crêpage, méthode de crêpage et nappe fibreuse crêpée
US5370773A (en) Creping adhesives
US8568562B2 (en) Creping methods using pH-modified creping adhesive compositions
KR20220024156A (ko) 종이 또는 보드의 제조 방법, 및 이 방법에 의해 수득되는 종이 또는 보드, 및 종이 또는 보드의 제조에서 양이온성 에멀젼 중합체의 용도
EP3449057B1 (fr) Procédés et compositions pour améliorer l'encollage dans un processus de fabrication de papier
EP0717802A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un produit derive du papier, employant un latex polymere
US4857126A (en) Process for treatment of paper surfaces
JP6115326B2 (ja) 印刷用塗工紙および印刷用塗工紙の製造方法
JPH07279081A (ja) ストーンロールからの湿紙の剥離性の改善方法
US20110011546A1 (en) Method for controlling deposit formation
CA2916074C (fr) Procede permettant d'empecher les depots sur des surfaces de fabrication du papier
Allen et al. Defoaming in the pulp and paper industry
US6723207B2 (en) Method of treating paper making rolls
JP2947260B2 (ja) 中性紙の製造方法
JP3023679B2 (ja) 紙の内添サイジング方法
JP3491325B2 (ja) ロジン系エマルション組成物、その製造方法、サイズ剤、サイジング方法及びサイズされた紙
EP1444399B1 (fr) Procede et produit permettant la fabrication de papier, de carton mince ou de carton
JP4396098B2 (ja) オフセット印刷用紙用表面サイズ剤
JP3221188B2 (ja) ロジン系エマルション組成物、その製造方法、サイズ剤、サイジング方法及びサイズされた紙
WO2001025535A1 (fr) Procede de nettoyage d'une machine a papier
JP5477692B2 (ja) オフセット印刷用新聞用紙
JP2005179812A (ja) 新聞印刷用紙

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP