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WO2001006612A1 - Systeme et procede de gestion d'energie - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de gestion d'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001006612A1
WO2001006612A1 PCT/US2000/019216 US0019216W WO0106612A1 WO 2001006612 A1 WO2001006612 A1 WO 2001006612A1 US 0019216 W US0019216 W US 0019216W WO 0106612 A1 WO0106612 A1 WO 0106612A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
facility
usage
methodology
resource
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US2000/019216
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward M. Smith
David R. Sewell
Patrick T. Golden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTT Data Services Corp
Original Assignee
Perot Systems Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Perot Systems Corp filed Critical Perot Systems Corp
Priority to AU62139/00A priority Critical patent/AU6213900A/en
Publication of WO2001006612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001006612A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the optimization of energy procurement, energy demand
  • Winds of change are now sweeping through the energy industry, particularly in the electricity and gas markets. End consumers of energy are gaining the right to choose who will supply their energy commodity needs, something unthinkable just a few years ago. Deregulation, reregulation, liberalization, competition and the introduction of retail markets are but cause and effect events arising from this decisive change in attitudes and shift in rules.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved methodology for the gathering of information pertaining to the energy usage of a facility or facility complex, such as in establishing a baseline level of energy consumption.
  • the methodology procure further economic savings by projecting energy availability and modify consumption accordingly. It is also an object of the present invention to identify abnormalities within the pattern of energy consumption, further benchmarking the baseline level.
  • the methodology simulate energy consumption using the baseline level and operational data to determine proposed optimal operation conditions subject to user- specified comfort criteria. It is further object of the present invention that a database of energy data be used to facilitate the measurement of energy consumption and actual savings, provide a mechanism for the verification of same, and/or provide a reporting procedure. It is a still further object of the present invention that the aforementioned methodology, after initially optimizing the physical facility, include negotiation of energy procurement agreements with service providers, thereby securing additional energy economic savings .
  • the present invention is directed to a business methodology applicable to a variety of industrial, commercial and residential applications.
  • the approach is focused toward the needs of the ultimate consumer such as through a direct relationship or indirect relationship via a retail energy provider or energy services company: (1) reduced overall costs, (2) providing enhanced services throughout the totality of the value chain, and (3) providing customization for different usages and industries (hotel vs. hospital).
  • the methodology proposed herein provides a radically different perspective from the conventional approaches utilized within the United States, as well as other countries in the world.
  • the techniques of the present invention may be applied.
  • the energy usage may be dynamically adjusted pursuant to a variety of market conditions, e.g., switching from electricity to gas as a function of energy costs.
  • the business model also includes the negotiation of economically advantageous energy procurement agreements with service providers, and otherwise further optimizing the energy consumption of a facility by virtue of remote monitoring and maintenance.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the diversity of services provided by the methodology of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a mechanism for implementing a range of progressive energy consumption cost savings measures in accordance with the improvements of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an embodiment of the Energy Services Center in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates another configuration illustrating the teachings of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention,-
  • FIGURE 6 generally illustrates a flow chart of a measurement and verification procedure pursuant to the teachings of the instant invention.
  • FIGURE 7 generally illustrates various options and advantages for the verification procedure shown in FIGURE 6.
  • Electricity and natural gas represent the largest of these consumables in terms of volumes and costs, together accounting for roughly 87% of energy usage. As expected, natural gas is heavily used in space heating and cooking, and electricity in lighting and other equipment use.
  • One fundamental difference between gas (representing about one-third to one-half of an end client's energy commodity costs) and electricity (representing about one-half to two-thirds) is that whereas gas can be stored, electricity cannot . Consequently, electricity prices are significantly more volatile, e.g., spot pricing during high demand can increase by 400 times, causing financial distress and bankruptcy to power marketers and retailers complying with fixed price supply contracts.
  • Deregulation means increased price volatility, which may cause savvy consumers to modify their demand to best seize electricity price opportunities.
  • energy expenditures constitute a significant percentage of various industry sectors ' total operating costs, effectuating improvements within the operating cost structures of major corporations is a chief goal of the instant invention.
  • Gas deregulation in the United States although already in effect at the wholesale level, has not progressed rapidly at the retail level, with the notable exception of the state of Georgia.
  • the intent in Georgia is that the utility divest itself of all consumers, with ownership of the client market being allocated instead to various gas retailers on a pro rata basis (once 30 percent of consumers have elected to move from their regulated utility) .
  • one of the driving forces behind the deregulation movement across the United States is the difference in the price of electricity between the states.
  • the respective prices between the contiguous states of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania are 12.13 cents per kilowatt hour ( ⁇ /kWh) , 10.35 ⁇ /kWh and 8.41 ⁇ /kWh.
  • Other disparities between neighboring states further highlight the issue and increase the desire for deregulation.
  • Deregulation is and will continue to create a new, complex array of service providers across the entire energy value chain, including power marketers (who effectively operate at the wholesale level) , retailers (also called aggregators) and energy service companies (ESCOs) . It should be apparent that many of these new service providers will be subsidiaries of regulated utilities and others will be emergent companies. In either event, the track record for other deregulated markets suggests that these new and existing players will undergo significant consolidation over the next five years or so, consolidation which is already occurring in the United States.
  • the primary importance of deregulation is that large consumers of energy have a heightened awareness of managing the usage and cost of energy. Furthermore, to remain competitive in their own marketplaces, they will be forced to invest in the expertise necessary to understand the complexities arising from the plethora of new choices being offered, including the full cost of consuming energy, as well as monitoring and optimizing usage, and negotiating optimal agreements for the supply of all related services.
  • the instant invention as set forth herein and claimed, is designed to seize the opportunities arising from these developments .
  • the instant invention provides a full service outsourcing technique covering all aspects of services and requirements associated with an end client's energy value chain needs, as better illustrated with reference to FIGURE 1.
  • the technique of the instant invention preferably assumes operational management responsibility under long-term (5-10 years) contracts with evergreen provisions.
  • the instant techniques are applied to large corporate clients with a range of services extending across the entire energy value chain and are not dependent upon deregulation.
  • a director of energy staff operations 105 oversees their own engineering and maintenance 110 as well as a service manager 115 of a service provider implementing the improvements of the subject invention.
  • Service manager 115 oversees a supply 120, along with supply-side strategists and negotiators 125, who provide supply-side corporate strategy, perform portfolio analysis, prepare and evaluate proposals, negotiate contracts, coordinate pilot program registration and qualification, analyze rates and tariffs, negotiate tariffs, review and audit bills, manage and analyze contracts in real-time, and procure leveraged power marketer contracts, as is understood by those skilled in this art.
  • Service manager 115 also oversees a demand 130, associated with surveying and energy commissioning 135, energy conservation measures (ECM) coordination 140, project implementation 145 and facility management (on call) 150.
  • the surveying and energy commissioning 135 duties include generation of a master knowledge base of properties, equipment and issues, as well as updating the knowledge base of any facility alterations, capital improvements and the like.
  • Energy conservation measures coordination 140 includes analysis of third-party energy service offerings, generation of a master database of reference vendors/initiatives, real-time linkage of meter and energy management system information, priority targeting of capital ECM improvement investments, and the design and analysis of energy awareness programs.
  • Project implementation 145 duties include on-call project-by-project program management and installation, as well as real-time measurement and verification analysis, and recording of results.
  • facility management 150 duties include consultation, maintenance and engineering efficiency programs, e.g., complexing or outsourcing, and facilitating the integration of ECMs to maintenance and engineering operations.
  • Service manager 115 also oversees a number of unique services, generally designed by the reference numeral 155, which can be subdivided into an energy services center (ESC) 160 and virtual property analysts (VPA) 165.
  • Energy services center 160 offers a single point of contact for energy management services, data acquisition and monitoring continuously (24/7) , predictive modeling and optimization analysis, help desk (24/7) , real-time data exchange with power marketers, and web-based reporting services.
  • virtual property analysts 165 provide continuous identification of anomalies and opportunities for energy cost savings, ongoing recommendations on initiatives and actions for improvements, and real-time optimization and control of building energy consumption.
  • the techniques of the instant invention also provide the client's engineering and maintenance 110 crew with knowledge and insights for actions to optimize energy usage, and facilitate the prioritization and measurement of maintenance and engineering activities' impact on energy usage.
  • the methodology of the present invention may be employed to optimize energy consumption in a high-rise corporate facility, as illustrated in FIGURE 2 and generally designated therein by the reference numeral 200.
  • Independent or utility-owned power generation plants generally designated by the reference numeral 205, supply electricity to the aforementioned high-rise, designated by the reference numeral 210, across a power supply mechanism, e.g., a number of power transmission wires 215.
  • An electric meter 220 measures the amount of electricity consumption by the high-rise 210, and the respective plant (s) 205 generate and forward bills for services, generally represented by the reference numeral 225.
  • an energy services center 230 in accordance with the present invention acts as a middleman to facilitate energy optimization.
  • the energy services center 230 at the supply side, i.e., with the plant (s) 205, negotiates highly leveraged energy supply agreements in exchange for the release of real-time information to power marketers, e.g., the plant (s) 205, using specific energy consumption models. This negotiation process is represented in FIGURE 2 by arrow 235 directed to the plant (s) 205.
  • the energy services center 230 Upon billing of the plant (s) 205, the energy services center 230 audits the energy billing information and models new customer supply contracts, ensuring optimum cost savings, as represented in the figure by arrow 240 directed to the ESC 230.
  • the energy services center 230 receives gross consumption and equipment-specific energy consumption data from the building 210 and performs detailed analyses and predictive modeling, which is used to rationalize energy-related opportunities for the building 210, as represented in the figure by arrow 245.
  • the energy services center 230 armed with the real-time operational data, optimizes systems performance through real-time control of the various, discrete building systems and subsystems, resulting in overall energy cost reductions, as represented in the figure by arrow 250 and discussed in more detail hereinafter.
  • FIGURE 3 there is illustrated an exemplary configuration of energy services center 230, generally designated by the reference numeral 300, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the services and equipment are divided into a client side, generally designated by the reference numeral 302, and a services provider side, generally designated by the reference numeral 304.
  • the two sides are connected across a communications portal 306, e.g., a public telephone network 308, a Tl line 310, or the Internet 312.
  • a communications portal 306 e.g., a public telephone network 308, a Tl line 310, or the Internet 312.
  • a communications portal 306 e.g., a public telephone network 308, a Tl line 310, or the Internet 312.
  • a number of meters 314 are used to measure energy consumption, each having respective demand pulses 316 and KYZ 318 devices associated therewith, as is understood in the power metering art .
  • data pertaining to the particular meter 314 in question for example, meter 314A
  • the gathered data is then sent through a modem 322 through the aforementioned public telephone network 308 to the services provider side 304.
  • gathered data for example, by the data acquisition meter 320 associated with meter 314B, is forwarded across a corporate wide area network (WAN) 324, through a communications system 326 therein, through a router 328 attached thereto, and through the aforementioned Tl line 310 to the services provider side 304.
  • WAN corporate wide area network
  • Still other gathered data e.g., by the data acquisition meter 320 associated with meter 314C, is forwarded via a modem 330 through an Internet Services Provider (ISP) 332 across the Internet 312 to the services provider side 304.
  • ISP Internet Services Provider
  • the data from the respective data acquisition meters 320 passes across the respective communications portals 306.
  • Data from the modem 322 is collected by an equipment rack 334 having a number of discrete components therein: a modem bank 336 for transceiving data therethrough, e.g., from a number of energy management systems (EMSs) 337A, 337B and 337C, a control system web client 338, a control system backup 340, a control system primary 342 and a tape backup 344.
  • EMSs energy management systems
  • equipment rack 334 may be implemented using Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives (RAIDs) with associated disks.
  • RAIDs Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives
  • data from modem 322 passes from the equipment rack 336 to an Ethernet portal 346 and an OLE/DDE 348 to a server 350 also connected to the Ethernet 346.
  • Data from the router 328 (from meter 314B) , on the other hand, passes through the Tl line 310 to another router 352, and through a firewall 354 to reach the Ethernet portal 346.
  • data from the ISP 332 (from meter 314C) passes across the Internet 312 to another ISP 356 on the services provider side 304 and through another firewall 358 to the Ethernet portal 346.
  • the Ethernet backbone 346 provides the requisite high-speed, high- bandwidth linkage to implement the interchange of information pursuant to the teachings of the present invention.
  • a number of web client workstations dedicated to particular functions may be connected thereto.
  • each workstation preferably handles a particular function, e.g., a security workstation 360, a forecasting workstation 362, a benchmarking workstation 364, an optimization workstation 366, a predictive analysis workstation 368, a reports workstation 370, and a control workstation 372.
  • a security workstation 360 e.g., a security workstation 360, a forecasting workstation 362, a benchmarking workstation 364, an optimization workstation 366, a predictive analysis workstation 368, a reports workstation 370, and a control workstation 372.
  • UPS Ultrapolitan Energy
  • a server 374 e.g., Windows NT
  • a database system 376 e.g., a Relational Data Base Management System, e.g., one by Oracle, and associated data 378.
  • one or more servers 380 may be dedicated to perform processing, and have UPS units 382 attached thereto.
  • An implementation plan utilizing the aforedescribed configuration proceeds from commissioning the project to benchmarking, i.e., establishing a baseline protocol of operations, and then analysis, optimization, monitoring and controlling. Cost savings using the principles of the present invention are achieved at each of the generic stages discussed below.
  • the first stage involves installation and set up of equipment. During installation, the property or facility in question is audited, assessed and profiled. Also, any meters, sub-meter devices, interactive control, or interface devices are installed, e.g., the aforementioned meters 314, as well as telecommunications interfaces, e.g., the various portals 306 illustrated and described in connection with FIGURE 3.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes bidirectional communications, whereas conventional "meters" as such are typically unidirectional.
  • an initial measurement of usage and operational data is acquired to determine a baseline or benchmark.
  • attempts are made in the second stage to reduce energy volume usage and costs by (1) analyzing real-time usage data, (2) profiling usage, investigating operating anomalies, and identifying quick wins, (3) benchmarking current expenditures and operation, and (4) optimizing the operating environment .
  • the third stage is entered where the services provider negotiates contracts, e.g., energy purchase contracts and real-time tariffs, to secure a reduced price per unit volume of energy purchased.
  • contracts e.g., energy purchase contracts and real-time tariffs
  • aspects of the portfolio may be aggregated and leveraged to obtain discounts, e.g., a group of commonly-owned buildings may negotiate in greater bulk using the energy usage patterns.
  • the services provider must profile and predictively analyze the purchase contract ' s terms and conditions to select the best pricing arrangements.
  • the fourth stage is to further analyze energy volumes and associated costs to yet further reduce overall expenditures, for example, by interacting and intervening control with existing property energy management systems (EMS) for refined usage analysis and to optimize energy use predictively and in real time.
  • EMS property energy management systems
  • focus is made on reducing maintenance and resource costs, e.g., through remotely operating and controlling facilities and energy management systems, dispatching of energy strategies (distributed generation, thermal storage, loadshedding) and predictively monitoring maintenance scheduling and dispatching.
  • an Energy Services Center e.g., the ESC 235/300 described in connection with FIGURES 2 and 3, is needed to coordinate the complicated interplay of information exchange for optimization, as well as setting up a detailed process to bring a client's facility or facilities online. Since a given client may sign up multiple facilities geographically dispersed across a country or countries, implementation logistics issues are raised.
  • technicians working with the facility owners can analyze the facility and set up initial performance profiles. Operators can remotely monitor the site, note energy consumption, investigate and remove anomolies observed and balance economic concerns within pre-agreed service tolerance levels.
  • a learning system could allow real-time optimization of energy consumption, direct virtual control and remote intervention of client equipment and systems, and provide detailed reporting and analysis of energy demand, giving end users a higher level of understanding of their energy consumption behavior and permit the ESC 300 to more accurately define demand projections (and consequently reduce the price) of energy commodity purchases.
  • the ESC 300 role in the energy value chain is administrative, i.e., providing front and back services, billing analysis and verification and help desk services; performance contracting, i.e., providing Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) analysis, mechanical design/analyses of motors, chillers, compressors, turbines, etc., real-time systems control strategy and logic analysis, and managing installation and contractors; facilities management, i.e., real-time data acquisition and control, building survey and commissioning, maintenance integration and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Management; energy purchase, i.e., load modeling, portfolio analysis, and contract negotiations; and electric and gas utility services, i.e., rates and tariff analysis, tariff negotiations, settlements and service coordination.
  • HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
  • SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
  • Applicants' invention has been shaped to address the emerging market opportunities from the client's perspective first, then for value-added business synergy with each business element, in the energy value chain, establishing Applicants' service as complementary rather than competitive.
  • Clients having multiple geographically dispersed facilities face heightened complexity in optimization of energy services.
  • Initially preferred clients using the improvements set forth in the instant specification include facilities with an average annual supply-side energy expenditure of U.S. $100,000 or more or having a size of 50,000 square feet or more per facility. It should, of course, be understood, however, that the defined processes apply across all industries and markets, including residential. Since each industry's energy needs are unique, client selection is influenced by this fact with an initial focus on healthcare, hospitality, commercial real estate holders, education and corporate campuses, and retail shopping complexes. Applicants have found that, on the supply side, up to 50% of the savings can be realized due to Applicants' real-time information processing and optimization capabilities.
  • a database of energy efficiency and operational information about a site adds significant value in the supply-side negotiating process by providing detailed customer load-trends and characteristics to potential energy suppliers, combined with a verification mechanism to match actual energy billing to agreed-upon rates.
  • Applicant accomplishes savings by negotiating competitive energy supply agreements through power marketers.
  • savings are achieved by use of alternate tariffs (time-of-day, real-time pricing, economic development) or custom tariffs (competitive service agreements) .
  • a complete supply-side approach would not only consider future energy procurement strategies, but would also thoroughly analyze historical billing records. This process reviews the correct use of applicable tariffs, the qualification for tax reduction or exemption programs, the accuracy of utility billing components, and the analysis and processing of potential energy-related credits or incentives.
  • Applicants serve to systematize these complex issues by combining and leveraging locations within utility and power marketer service regions, and aggregate facility load data and analyze load profiles, allowing continuous measurement against stated contract terms .
  • leveraged negotiations to secure best (greatest overall value) prices for energy requirements can be obtained both from service to utilities in regulated markets and from power marketers in deregulated markets.
  • Applicants' invention offers a special attraction to power marketers through its real-time predictive optimization capabilities which, when made available to the marketer, result in refinement of their trading and arbitrage positions, a fact which is evidenced in the premium purchasing contracts offered to clients.
  • Applicant intends to also offer other related, value-added services to their clients.
  • additional services include, but are not limited to, electronic summarized billing, Web-based reporting, capital investment strategies related to the pursuit of certain tariffs (such as purchase of transformation infrastructure, and peak shaving technologies) , training, and strategic consulting regarding a variety of facility-related areas.
  • FIGURE 4 provides a conceptual overview of an energy management service operating in accordance with the present invention.
  • the E-Services integration platform designated generally by the reference numeral 400, includes an ESC 410, Configuration Logic 420, and various models of operation generally designated by the reference numeral 430 connected, via an Internet 440, to a customer 450, and, via a web client connection 600, to a power marketer 470.
  • a customer controls a service through accessing a Control Web Client node 505, uses the service via a Web Access Application node 510 and gets information through a Data Entry Application node 515.
  • the customer accesses a real-time database 520, e.g., through a graph node 522.
  • Database 520 is also connected to a history node 524, an Object Linking and Embedding node 526, an alarm node 527, an OPC node 528 and a trend node 529.
  • RDBMS relational database management system
  • OLE node 526 Both the RDBMS 530 and the OLE node 526 are connected to additional nodes 540 to 554, of which nodes 548 to 554 may be connected to an Internet 560.
  • a protocol server 570 and a vendor application node 580 are conencted to node 528, and channel data pursuant to various protocols and communications standards.
  • the supply-side model is an ongoing and continually refined process, and is best described as a phased approach to reduced overall energy consumption and energy-related expenditure. Individual phases may occur simultaneously and be expected as pricing contract terms expire.
  • Phase one is devoted to data collection and analysis where historical billing and/or energy use data is compiled and analyzed. In the process, a compilation of billing or rate discrepancies are summarized. Any energy credits or incentives are determined and existing supply agreements analyzed, along with any outstanding third- party supply proposals. Any impending legislation affecting properties is reviewed, as well as existing property tariff arrangements.
  • Phase two in a deregulated mileau, involves energy procurement negotiations.
  • a prioritized list of properties is established and selected power marketers pre-qualified. Qualifications for energy pilots are reviewed and an estimated, aggregate load portfolio developed. Requests for Proposals to the power marketers are released, and energy supply proposals reviewed.
  • Phase two in a regulated arena, involves rate and tariff negotiations. After establishing the prioritized list of properties, any applicable tariff options and certification status are determined. After developing negotiating strategies and objectives, a new agreement can be negotiated.
  • Phase three involves load profiling and contract performance analysis where data is gathered, analyzed as a load profile, and aggregated in a load portfolio.
  • Phase four involves the renegotiation of existing or negotiation of new contracts using the data acquired in the prior phases .
  • Applicants' unique value-added service provides clients with a range of choices for selecting solutions to meet their energy needs.
  • Applicants' services can, for example, be exercised in a stand-alone fashion.
  • the services are intended for integration to gain even greater savings with energy service providers, such as energy management vendors and power marketers, in meeting a client's total energy needs (including budgeting, purchasing, operating, and managing contractors, utility relationships, and payment of energy bills) . Savings of energy costs can be achieved in five different ways:
  • Applicants' invention provides around-the-clock, real-time decision analysis for optimizing energy costs in client facilities by balancing energy use and comfort or service levels through a dynamic integration of these operational demands with market pricing signals. Savings can be achieved regardless of whether the client's facility is located in a deregulated pro-choice region or a fully regulated utility service area. Applicants' invention in its simplest mode, unbundled and acting independently, can deliver annual savings on energy use ranging from 5 to 20 percent of total costs.
  • the first wave encompasses real-time remote meter reading and data acquisition with Web- based reporting and client interaction. Operating anomalies are noted, analyzed, and resolved. Initial optimization efforts are undertaken and aggregation of energy use is completed to be used later in energy procurement negotiations.
  • the second wave offers the ability for uniquitous interactive communications with multi-vendor building (energy) management systems. Procurement portfolios are refined and contracts negotiated. A further advanced level of optimization is implemented, and it balances the economics of these contracts with the service and operating needs.
  • the third wave offers real-time bi-directional diagnostic monitoring and optimal control with site energy management systems.
  • a technological differentiation offered by Applicants' invention is in integrating SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) technology, facility automation technology, facility modeling, and HVAC technology with communications and energy management processes and controls to provide a seamless system for optimizing the procurement and use of energy to provide clients with lighting, heating, cooling, and environmental comfort from the energy they use.
  • SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
  • the ESC 300 provides five support facilities: 1) an operational data acquisition and control facility;
  • the ESC preferably provides nationally available assistance, e.g., a toll-free number, and support specialists on staff to monitor, record and resolve client issues.
  • nationally available assistance e.g., a toll-free number
  • the data compiled consists of the building address, contact person, inventory of HVAC equipment, meter and incoming power specifications, existing energy management system, building operating procedures, and historical utility bills.
  • the highest level of service additional data regarding the HVAC equipment and the building envelope is included.
  • Floor plans with the HVAC zones and photographic views of the building are also obtained for display in graphics.
  • Wave 1 uses an interface device to monitor the meters -- electric, gas, steam, and chilled water -- and, in some applications, to monitor the power input to major mechanical equipment.
  • a qualified electrical contractor must install devices such as current transformers or flow measuring sensors. The contractor will then activate communication with the ESC 300. The entire system is commissioned as described hereinbelow.
  • Wave 2 requires an interface to the building's existing energy management system.
  • a skilled controls contractor must establish the communication interface to the ESC 300, which includes configuring a communication driver appropriate for the protocol used by the EMS .
  • Proprietary systems require custom drivers, complicating this task. However, several drivers have already been developed to interface with major systems.
  • Wave 3 involves optimal control of the building systems and, therefore, bi-directional communication with the EMC.
  • the existing EMC is either augmented or replaced, depending on the feasibility and cost- effectiveness .
  • Typical variables measured and controlled include zone temperatures and set-points for major components of the HVAC system.
  • a controls contractor installs the sensors, control devices, and the communication device.
  • Commissioning is the process for achieving, verifying, and documenting the performance of installed equipment to meet the operational needs within the capabilities of the design. The process is based on the industry standards (that is, the Building Commissioning Guide, version 2.2 July 1998, sponsored by U.S. General Services Administration and U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.).
  • the commissioning is performed for each installation in two domains: at the site and at the ESC 300.
  • the site installation contractor conducts tests of each data point and documents each input and output . Once the field commissioning is completed, the contractor notifies the ESC 300 to log on and conduct a similar remote validation.
  • a phased "commissioning" approach is employed, in keeping with Applicants' goal to provide accelerated, measurable, and tangible benefits for its clients.
  • the approach uses a number of selection criteria to determine the most appropriate schedule for commissioning each facility. While Applicants' services do not depend on the existence of a deregulated electricity market, the state of deregulation will affect the commissioning schedule.
  • Measurement and verification of savings is an important issue for all parties.
  • a "payment based upon performance" arrangement requires that all parties believe the information on which the payments are based is valid and accurate.
  • the primary purpose of measurement and verification is to provide valid and accurate quantification of savings from the utilization of Applicants' invention.
  • Applicants' approach to measurement and verification follows generally accepted industry protocol . Key mathematical and technical enhancements, used as appropriate, make the methodology more robust. Measurement and verification protocols have been developed by United States and international industry organizations, including the IPMVP (International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, U.S. Department of Energy, December 1997, available at http://www.eren.doe.gov, or http://www.ipmvp.org). Also, the American Society of
  • the ASHRAE document focuses on the relationship of the measurement to the equipment being verified at a technical level, while the IPMVP discusses a variety of measurement and verification topics as they relate to actual contracts for energy services . This section summarizes measurement and verification activities relating to Applicants' invention.
  • the IPMVP and ASHRAE documents contain complementary and supplementary information. Measurement and verification processes rely heavily on energy use modeling, which is necessary for forecasting, diagnostics, and optimal control.
  • hourly (or more refined) data are available on a number of channels (in particular kWh) , and possibly other building-specific factors .
  • Weather variables such as ambient temperature and relative humidity are obtained either through site measurements or from a weather service.
  • a neural net, continuously trained and refined with new data, is used to predict hourly energy use with predicted weather as input. Significant deviations from forecast energy use is used to generate diagnostic alarms.
  • One important aspect of Applicants' service is its ability to modify the operation of HVAC systems to achieve improved energy efficiency and comfort, as well as to provide a certain level of diagnostics of building operation. This requires more refined modeling of the entire building or selected subsystems.
  • a simulation model based on building physics provides the necessary refinements.
  • An as-built, as-operated hourly simulation model of the building is created by starting with the audit-derived model and then calibrating it with actual operational data. Proprietary software is used in this process.
  • Applicants' invention uses energy use models for measurement and verification, as well as for forecasting, diagnostics, and optimal control.
  • a number of variables such as start-stop of systems, zone temperature set- points, chilled water set-points, and fan speeds, can be controlled in a building through an energy management system.
  • An audit of the buildings is performed to determine the variables that can be usefully controlled. Inspection of monitored data, as well as neural net models and calibrated simulation models, are used to determine optimal operating conditions subject to user- specified comfort criteria. The necessary computations are performed at the Energy Services Center 300, and new parameters are passed to the energy management systems site.
  • Applicants' invention optimizes not only over local loops, but also globally over all the building systems-possibly in multiple buildings-over a user- specified time horizon.
  • the chiller energy consumption is minimized by setting the chilled water temperature as high as possible.
  • the fans in variable volume systems
  • the fans have to move more air and thereby consume more energy (fans not only use energy to move more air, but eventually discharges the fan energy as heat into the cold air stream) .
  • Optimal control of chiller-plus-fans can result in different operating parameters. Further combining time-of-day prices and other factors results in even more intricate optimization issues.
  • Measuring and verifying the cost savings in implementing the principles of the present invention depend upon whether the baseline conditions were accurately defined and whether the appropriate systems were properly installed and perform according to specifications. With reference now to FIGURE 6, there is illustrated a flowchart describing the measurement and verification procedure.
  • Option A is considered to be generally inapplicable for controls-related improvements.
  • Option B is employed when the appropriate data are available. For example, if electricity input, heat removal rate, entering condenser temperature, and leaving chilled water temperature are measured, a baseline model for a chiller can be developed by calibrating an audit model derived from the manufacturer's data. This model can then be used in estimating the savings as well as in designing an optimal controller.
  • a simpler example is chilled water energy use when a building is cooled by chilled water supplied by a central plant serving multiple buildings. The cooling water energy can be related to ambient temperature and humidity, hour of the day, type of day (weekday, weekend, or holiday) , and solar radiation. The resulting baseline model is then used in savings estimation.
  • Option D is employed when hourly data are available for calibrating a detailed hourly simulation.
  • the simulations require hundreds of inputs, and it is not feasible to estimate all of them using available data.
  • a systematic approach to define and estimate a small number of parameters was developed at the National Renewable Research Laboratory ("Short-Term Energy Monitoring in a Large Commercial Building," J. Burch, K. Subbarao, A. Lekow, M. Warren, and L. Norford, ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 96, Pt . 1, pp. 1459-1477 (1990)). Applicants have made proprietary enhancements to this methodology since. The calibrated simulation is the most comprehensive.
  • neural net approaches are suitable for interpolation
  • simulations are suitable for "what-if" extrapolation and are therefore useful to account for changes in occupancy or building operation.
  • they are used to develop optimal controllers, for example, to compute optimal temperature set-points under ti e-of-day or real-time prices .
  • Additional tests such as "blink" tests (selectively turning certain systems off and on while monitoring building energy consumption) , may be employed to provide additional data.
  • indirect methods may be used. For example, if direct digital control retrofit results in a smaller deadband compared to pneumatic controls, it is possible to maintain slightly higher average temperatures in the cooling season without violating contractual obligations. Savings may be indirectly demonstrated from average temperatures before and after installation.
  • Determining savings acceptable to all parties involves a process such as described in the IPMVP document.
  • a typical process involves all parties agreeing at the outset upon a method to measure and verify savings. This method includes setting the benchmarks, as discussed above; collecting and validating historical information such as occupancy rates, temperature, conferences, and banquets; and cataloging projected or expected changes.
  • An important element of this agreement is the expected uncertainty in the savings estimate. Issues to be addressed include a trade-off between increased measurement and verification costs and reduced uncertainty in the savings estimate.
  • Option D costs more than Option B, which in turn costs more than Option C.
  • models, developed as part of Applicants' optimal controller or forecasting services are directly useful in savings estimates and will lower measurement and verification costs. At additional cost, an expert neutral arbitrator can review the method.
  • Measurement and verification professionals are often registered professional engineers working independently or for larger architectural and engineering and consulting firms. Many are members of industry professional societies such as The Association of Energy Services Professionals (AESP) , the National Association of Energy Service Companies (NAESCO) , or the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) .
  • AESP The Association of Energy Services Professionals
  • NAESCO National Association of Energy Service Companies
  • ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers
  • a day is defined as the period from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. the following morning, with daily averages and sums computed on this basis.
  • Hourly energy usage in kWh, e.g., as measured by devices in accordance with the present invention.
  • Hourly ambient temperature TAmbient e.g., measured by the present invention or obtained from a weather service.
  • the daily average relative humidity RH and cloud cover SUN are available from either measurement or a weather service.
  • KWH DayType (n) Function DayType (T ⁇ , ⁇ (n) , Occupancylndex (n) , RH (n) , SU (n) )
  • Day Type is nominal. That is, its possible numerical value 1, 2, or 3 does not have any particular significance. It is therefore best to introduce separate functions for each day type, rather than make day type another variable similar to, for example, temperature.
  • the precise functional form is quite complex, and we will use a neural net to implicitly deal with this function.
  • Day Type 1.
  • the 120 data sets can be divided into two groups each containing 60 randomly selected data sets. using one or more of the following neural net architectures (multilayer perceptron, radial basis functions, or generalized regression) , a neural net will be trained on one group of
  • the hotel provides historical data for the two prior years from which Occupancylndex (n) can be determined for each day.
  • Utility bills are available for the prior two years and include kWh per day for each billing period.
  • T coo i mgco i ⁇ the independent variable
  • T dewPo ⁇ nt the dew point of ambient air
  • T cool ⁇ ngColl a typical cooling coil temperature (a default value of 55°F may be used)
  • the subscript + indicates that only positive values of the difference are to be used; if the value is negative, it is reset to zero.
  • neural network architectures While suitable for interpolation, are unsuitable for extrapolation outside the range over which the network was trained. Even those neural nets that are not explicitly unsuitable for extrapolation should not be extrapolated significantly outside the domain of independent variables in which they were trained. If significant extrapolation is involved, simulations should be considered to calculate changes in energy use to correct the values of E without .
  • Indirect evidence should be used where appropriate. If, for example, the present invention optimizes start-stop of certain building systems, the reduced hours of operation of these systems may be used as evidence of energy savings . • The use of occupancy, conferences, and banquets as independent inputs versus a single composite index must be determined through an investigation. • Statistical errors of estimate obtained through the neural net training process should be used in determining uncertainties of savings estimates. The models used in the savings determination are the same ones developed for the forecasting and optimization services of the present invention. This helps reduce the measurement and verification costs.
  • a number of variables such as start-stop of systems, zone temperature set-points, chilled water set-points, and fan speeds can be controlled in a building through an energy management system. While real-time optimal control generates savings, real-time pricing provides additional substantial savings opportunities.
  • An audit of the buildings is performed to determine the variables that can be usefully controlled. Analysis of monitored data using neural net models and calibrated simulation models determines optimal operating conditions subject to user-specified comfort criteria. The necessary computations are performed at the Energy Services Center and new parameters passed to the EMS site.
  • the present invention optimizes not only over local loops, but also globally over all the building systems and over a user-specified time horizon.
  • the cooling system As discussed, the chiller energy consumption is minimized by setting the chilled water temperature as high as possible. However, as the chilled water temperature is set higher, the fans in variable volume systems have to move more air and thereby consume more energy (fans not only use energy to move more air, but the fan energy is eventually discharged as heat into the cold air stream) .
  • Optimal control of chiller-plus-fans can result in different operating parameters. Further, combining time-of-day prices and other factors results in even more intricate optimality issues .
  • the present invention represents a unique service designed not only to provide added value in the current regulated energy market, but also to meet the vastly different requirements that are evolving from the deregulation of energy markets. Applicant's solution, like the markets being created by this deregulation, is very different from current energy services. Even so, there are companies providing services similar to some of the less complex offerings provided by Applicants. These companies generally fall into five categories: power marketers, ESCOs, deregulated subsidiaries of investor- owned utilities, energy consultants, and facility management contractors . The current roles of the different players is discussed in more detail below.
  • Applicants work under agency arrangements with power marketers to negotiate energy commodity supply contracts on behalf of its clients, but it will not be dependent upon the power marketers to deliver the overall value proposition to a client.
  • a point of some interest is that power marketers working under these agency arrangements are also likely to be Applicants' "clients.”
  • the tracking of real-time data for monitoring the end client's energy demand behavior can provide power marketers an increased opportunity for refining trading positions and arbitrage. Providing access to this information is expected to afford power marketers the means for improving margins and mitigating their potential risk exposure.
  • ESCOs comprise a diverse number of suppliers that generally fall into one of three categories:
  • Energy consulting firms are advisors to clients regarding their energy needs. Most consulting firms also prepare information for, or provide it to, clients regarding testimony and other legal issues pertaining to their energy needs.
  • Facility management contractors provide day-to-day management of a client's facilities. This service may include operation and maintenance, repair of equipment, janitorial services, grounds maintenance, and other tactical tasks. Facility management contractors rarely act on the client's behalf regarding the purchase of energy. Most often, a critical disconnect occurs between the operational staff and the energy procurement team, often resulting in little or no knowledge of the demand side effects on energy costs.
  • the present invention provides the link to fill the operations-to procurement gap. Real-time analysis of energy consumption and monitoring, as well as optimization and control of facility equipment, results in a complimentary position taken by Applicants.
  • the energy savings principles of the present invention are readily applicable to a variety of potential customers, particularly, commercial and industrial in nature .
  • Hotels typically spend in the region of 10 percent of their operating budgets on energy, or US$1 million per hotel or between US$5,000 and US$10,000 per room per year.
  • a hotel company with 50,000 rooms is, therefore, likely to be spending in excess of US$250 million annually on energy.
  • the available hospitality market is over three million rooms, or a total energy expenditure between US$15 billion and US$30 billion annually.
  • the methodology of the present invention can alert the staff via pager and have alarm information routed to the personnel in order to remedy the problem.
  • the building's load profile may be analyzed for purchasing energy and introducing new energy technologies .
  • the load profile analysis is necessary to achieve the most attractive energy pricing.
  • each area is isolated and then control strategies formulated to adjust energy peak time.
  • the high operating energy costs, along with more stable ownership of healthcare facilities, allow for investment in energy technologies such as cogeneration, absorption chillers, micro turbines, heat recovery, and thermal storage, all of which benefit from the ESC's monitoring and controls capabilities.
  • the methodology of the present invention can provide the data necessary to determine the most attractive approach and can create control algorithms to maximize the use of the applied technology.
  • the methodology of the present invention provides the ability to aggregate an entire portfolio of buildings as a single load in order to negotiate lower energy prices. Further, the present methodology leverages the cost of implementing the proper techniques within a building to maximize the optimal use of energy.
  • Applicants have been involved in controls projects with several large industrial clients. These projects involved many types of equipment that were successfully interfaced to an energy management system, such as chillers, boilers, high and low pressure steam, heat exchangers, frequency drives, de-aerators, hydraulics, bulk chemical distribution, high resistivity water, reverse osmosis, multiple gases distribution, smoke abatement, scrubbed exhaust, and VOC (volatile organic compounds).
  • Applicants' methodology is able to control a wide variety of industrial-type control applications in many different industrial environments, and experience in these fields accords a unique ability to bring significant energy savings to the industrial world.
  • the retail sector has a different approach to EMS in that the control algorithms are written to reduce programming time, thus reducing installation costs.
  • Retail stores have several types of cooling systems that are configured to maximize comfort for the shoppers . Cooling and lighting are the two major areas for control. Parking lot lighting is incorporated into the system and is combined with the use of a photocell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des méthodes opérationnelles destinées à optimiser le stockage, l'approvisionnement, la demande et l'usage en rapport avec l'énergie consommée par une installation ou un complexe. Après avoir déterminé un modèle de référence, on surveille la consommation d'énergie et on l'ajuste pour refléter les facteurs économiques dynamiques relatifs aux opérations. A mesure que les données s'accumulent, la négociation de contrats avec les fournisseurs d'énergie peut permettre d'économiser davantage d'énergie. Au fur et mesure, on obtient des modèles d'utilisation qui permettent de déterminer de nouvelles économies à réaliser et des solutions optimales au niveau de l'énergie, de l'équipement, du personnel et dans d'autres secteurs opérationnels. L'accès distant permet de surveiller efficacement les systèmes mis en place.
PCT/US2000/019216 1999-07-16 2000-07-14 Systeme et procede de gestion d'energie Ceased WO2001006612A1 (fr)

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WO2003085798A3 (fr) * 2002-04-01 2004-03-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Systeme de gestion d'energie
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EP1363176A4 (fr) * 2001-02-23 2005-06-08 Toshiba Kk Serveur de donnees des services d'une installation et procede permettant de fournir les informations de services
EP1446937A4 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2006-05-17 Schlumbergersema Inc Systeme interactif permettant de gerer et de connecter a distance des appareils utilisant des services et appartenant a des consommateurs
WO2006064214A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Ec Power A/S Appareil de commande de fourniture de puissance
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WO2010029315A3 (fr) * 2008-09-13 2011-08-11 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés de fourniture d'électricité, surveillance de l'utilisation, analyse, et améliorations de l'efficacité
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US8078330B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2011-12-13 Intercap Capital Partners, Llc Automatic energy management and energy consumption reduction, especially in commercial and multi-building systems
DE102011106114A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Mvv Energie Ag Verfahren zur Verteilung von elektrischer Energie in einem Stromnetzwerk mit einer Vielzahl von Verteilungszellen
CN104487991A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2015-04-01 施耐德电气（美国）公司 使用基于通信的数据审核验收的能量管理
EP3163705A1 (fr) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-03 Överås Invest AB Système de commande d'alimentation électrique et procédé associé
US10697660B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. Managing energy in a multi-dwelling unit
CN113595060A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-11-02 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 一种基于电力载波技术的能源多能融合调度方法
US12214691B2 (en) 2018-06-22 2025-02-04 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systems for machine learning, optimizing and managing local multi-asset flexibility of distributed energy storage resources

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US6618709B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2003-09-09 Enerwise Global Technologies, Inc. Computer assisted and/or implemented process and architecture for web-based monitoring of energy related usage, and client accessibility therefor
EP1085636A3 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2002-12-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Procédé d'offre de service d'épargne d'énergie et appareil associé
US6775595B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2004-08-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Energy-saving service offering method and apparatus therefor
US7076339B2 (en) 1999-09-13 2006-07-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Energy-saving service offering method and apparatus therefor
US7130832B2 (en) 2000-07-14 2006-10-31 Hitachi, Ltd. Energy service business method and system
EP1363176A4 (fr) * 2001-02-23 2005-06-08 Toshiba Kk Serveur de donnees des services d'une installation et procede permettant de fournir les informations de services
WO2002084558A1 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2002-10-24 Enerwise Global Technologies, Inc. Procede et architecture assistes et/ou implementes par ordinateur permettant de surveiller par internet la consommation de ressources energetiques, et accessibilite du systeme aux clients
GB2392527A (en) * 2001-04-10 2004-03-03 Enerwise Global Technologies I Computer assisted and/or implemented process and architecture for web-based monitoring of energy related usage, and client accessibility therefor
US7181411B2 (en) * 2001-09-04 2007-02-20 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for selling upgrade packages in papermaking
EP1446937A4 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2006-05-17 Schlumbergersema Inc Systeme interactif permettant de gerer et de connecter a distance des appareils utilisant des services et appartenant a des consommateurs
US8078330B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2011-12-13 Intercap Capital Partners, Llc Automatic energy management and energy consumption reduction, especially in commercial and multi-building systems
WO2003085798A3 (fr) * 2002-04-01 2004-03-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Systeme de gestion d'energie
US7206670B2 (en) 2002-04-01 2007-04-17 Battelle Memorial Institute Energy management system for controlling energy supplied to a set of customer buildings
US7142949B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2006-11-28 Enernoc, Inc. Aggregation of distributed generation resources
US7333880B2 (en) 2002-12-09 2008-02-19 Enernoc, Inc. Aggregation of distributed energy resources
WO2004053764A1 (fr) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-24 Enernoc, Inc. Regroupement de ressources de generation repartis
WO2006064214A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Ec Power A/S Appareil de commande de fourniture de puissance
WO2010029315A3 (fr) * 2008-09-13 2011-08-11 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés de fourniture d'électricité, surveillance de l'utilisation, analyse, et améliorations de l'efficacité
US8849471B2 (en) 2008-09-13 2014-09-30 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency
US11971018B2 (en) 2008-09-13 2024-04-30 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency
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US20110279286A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Lsis Co., Ltd. Energy-related information display apparatus and method thereof
DE102011106114A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Mvv Energie Ag Verfahren zur Verteilung von elektrischer Energie in einem Stromnetzwerk mit einer Vielzahl von Verteilungszellen
CN104487991A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2015-04-01 施耐德电气（美国）公司 使用基于通信的数据审核验收的能量管理
US10982872B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2021-04-20 Honeywell International Inc. Managing energy in a multi-dwelling unit
US10697660B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. Managing energy in a multi-dwelling unit
EP3163705A1 (fr) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-03 Överås Invest AB Système de commande d'alimentation électrique et procédé associé
TWI700874B (zh) 2015-10-30 2020-08-01 瑞典商歐佛洛斯投資公司 電供應控制系統及其方法
RU2716270C9 (ru) * 2015-10-30 2020-07-13 Эверос Инвест Аб Система и способ управления электроснабжением
RU2716270C2 (ru) * 2015-10-30 2020-03-11 Эверос Инвест Аб Система и способ управления электроснабжением
WO2017072305A1 (fr) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 Överås Invest Ab Système de commande d'alimentation électrique et son procédé
US12214691B2 (en) 2018-06-22 2025-02-04 Moixa Energy Holdings Limited Systems for machine learning, optimizing and managing local multi-asset flexibility of distributed energy storage resources
CN113595060A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-11-02 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 一种基于电力载波技术的能源多能融合调度方法

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