WO2001086009A1 - Composition d'acier, procede de fabrication et pieces formees dans ces compositions, en particulier soupapes - Google Patents
Composition d'acier, procede de fabrication et pieces formees dans ces compositions, en particulier soupapes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001086009A1 WO2001086009A1 PCT/FR2001/001388 FR0101388W WO0186009A1 WO 2001086009 A1 WO2001086009 A1 WO 2001086009A1 FR 0101388 W FR0101388 W FR 0101388W WO 0186009 A1 WO0186009 A1 WO 0186009A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- composition according
- weight
- compositions
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to steel compositions more particularly intended for the manufacture of intake and exhaust valves for vehicles with internal combustion engines.
- this type of parts is subjected to significant mechanical stresses at temperatures which do not cease increasing with the increase in the power and the yields of the engines.
- the engine intake includes a turbo
- this temperature is generally between 200 and 400 ° C, but can reach 800 ° C at the exhaust when the fuel used is gasoline.
- the exhaust valves can thus be subjected to temperatures of up to 900 ° C on each explosion followed by an exhaust.
- the materials used for these valves must also resist sudden and significant variations in temperature. This increase in valve operating temperatures makes them even more sensitive to oxidation and corrosion by certain components contained in the fuels used, such as lead, sulfur or vanadium pentoxide, thereby reducing their duration of life.
- the steel or alloy used for their manufacture must also fulfill certain additional criteria.
- the manufacture of the valves generally takes place in two stages. The metallurgist will first develop a grade of steel or alloy which he will then deliver to the valve manufacturer in the form of rectified bars, but also peeled or according to any other surface condition specified by the customer. This manufacturer will then proceed to shear these bars, an operation also called cutting in plots.
- the cut into pieces is carried out at high temperature, and is followed by the transformation by extrusion of the pieces into valves at temperatures ranging from 1150 to 1200 ° C., which supposes that the granular structure of the bar delivered remains stable up to forging temperatures.
- the pieces are obtained by shearing at room temperature, which requires a slightly brittle metal to avoid non-uniform shearing and cracking of these pieces.
- a slightly brittle metal to avoid non-uniform shearing and cracking of these pieces.
- problems linked to the segregation of carbides in the pieces which leads, in particular, to excessive wear of the tools.
- the steels of the prior art are particularly problematic during shearing because the appearance of cracks in the parts requires frequent adjustments of the production lines.
- the materials traditionally used for the manufacture of such valves are, in particular, austenitic stainless steels, which have an iron-nickel-chromium base and are distributed between steels with high manganese content (up to 10% by weight) and steels with high nickel content (up to 21% by weight).
- Their resistance to oxidation at high temperature is not always satisfactory, in particular when, for example, the engine operates in a marine atmosphere and ingests chlorine, or even when an increase in the efficiency of the engine involves combustion gases. warmer.
- the present invention therefore essentially aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of known steel compositions, by providing steel compositions having in particular an oxidation resistance, mechanical characteristics as well as improved processing properties. , which are in particular able to allow the manufacture of exhaust valves having a holding excellent mechanical and oxidation resistance in the range of 800 to 900 ° C.
- a first object of the invention consists of a steel composition comprising, expressed in percentages by weight: C 0.25 - 0.35%
- the steel composition comprises, expressed in percentages by weight:
- FIG. 5 represents a steel structure of the prior art.
- the heterogeneity of the structure can have other drawbacks during the manufacture of the parts.
- the automobile manufacturer shears round steel wires having a diameter of
- the nitrogen, niobium and carbon contents which are the three elements forming the niobium carbonitride Nb (C, N), are chosen such that the compositions results are hyper-eutectic in theoretical phase diagrams.
- the phase diagram of FIG. 3 represents an example of such a composition for which the eutectic E corresponds to a carbon content of approximately 0.15% by weight.
- compositions can be described as hyper-eutectic in theoretical phase diagrams, that in industrial practice the inventors still observe the primary precipitation of the austenite phase: this disagreement between theory and experimental reality can be justified by supercooling, germination and phase growth phenomena.
- the recrystallized structures are therefore homogeneous, a property which is very appreciable and very difficult to obtain in a reproducible manner by using the steel compositions of the prior art.
- the present inventors have also sought to limit the carbon content of the compositions according to the invention in order to reduce the potential rate of intergranular precipitation of the harmful carbide M23C6, during the final heat treatment for stabilizing the parts or when using these parts. .
- This potential rate of precipitation remains high, however, in the compositions according to the invention, nitrogen replacing carbon to form nitrides and carbonitrides.
- the ductility at room temperature measured by the elongation in the tensile test As d , remains very good.
- the oxidation resistance characteristics are also excellent.
- the present inventors have also found that the structure obtained at the end of the solidification of the ingots undergoes a significant modification after the conventional thermomechanical transformation operations (rolling, etc.). Indeed, we see that the network of rods of eutectic carbonitrides Nb (C, N) disappears, leaving room for a relatively homogeneous distribution of globular carbonitrides Nb (C, N) in processed products, such as rolled bars, by example, as can be seen in FIG. 6. When the nitrogen, niobium and carbon contents are such that the resulting compositions are hypo-eutectic in the theoretical phase diagrams, the niobium carbonitrides do not precipitate until the end of solidification, leading to an a priori less advantageous distribution.
- Chromium is essentially used to obtain good resistance to oxidation thanks to the passivated oxide layer which it forms on the surface of the metal. It also has a beneficial influence on the mechanical behavior at high temperature. Its content in the compositions according to the invention is 24 to 28%, preferably 25 to 26% by weight.
- Nickel has a sought-after gamma effect. Due to its price, it is limited to a content just sufficient for the solidification of the matrix in austenitic mode. Its content in the compositions according to the invention is 10 to 15%, preferably 11.5 to 12.5% by weight. Carbon has a desired hardening effect, but too high a content leads to the precipitation of embrittling carbides which are harmful to oxidation resistance. Its content in the compositions according to the invention is from 0.25 to 0.35% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 0.32%.
- Nitrogen is a highly gammagenic element which in particular allows the compositions according to the invention to remain in the austenitic range by delaying the precipitation of the intermetallic phases. Its content is however limited due to the difficulties encountered in introducing it into steel compositions due to its low solubility limit in liquid steel. Its content is from 0.5 to 0.7%, preferably from 0.61 to 0.7% by weight. These contents also correspond to the quasi-saturation at equilibrium of the liquid metal at conventional processing temperatures, which is an advantage, because this addition is then easy with the usual means known to those skilled in the art.
- Niobium in addition to its carburogenic properties which are favorable for mechanical resistance to heat, makes it possible to obtain the eutectic previously described.
- Its content in the compositions according to the invention is 1.75 to 2.50%, preferably 1.90 to 2.30% by weight.
- the silicon is limited to a content of 0.30% by weight at most, although it improves the resistance to oxidation, because it is strongly sigmagenic and also lowers the solubility of nitrogen.
- the steel compositions according to the invention can be manufactured according to the methods applicable to the usual materials cited in reference, taking these characteristics into account.
- an electric furnace or an AOD reactor or any other means suitable for the production of steels containing high contents of the nitrogen alloy element, including secondary refining processes by slag remelting, may be used. electrically.
- the reflow can be done, for example, under slag with consumable electrode if one is looking for great inclusiveness.
- thermomechanical hot transformation process such as forging or rolling then by a softening treatment, which will preferably be carried out by maintaining at 1050-1 100 ° C for 1 to 16 hours. in air or in another fluid, which guarantees complete fine grain recrystallization and satisfactory ductility characteristics.
- the heat treatment for dissolving and recrystallization as well as the preheating of the products for manufacturing the valves may be carried out between 1100 and 1200 ° C; the higher temperatures bringing a grain magnification which remains limited.
- the stabilization heat treatment is intended to guarantee a certain structural and dimensional stability at the temperatures of use. It can be carried out, for example, in the form of a maintenance at 700-1000 ° C for 1 to 16 hours in air or in another fluid. In general, it is preferable to carry out this treatment at a temperature greater than or equal to the temperature of use of the part in service.
- valve steels being very strongly dependent on their thermal state
- the values which will be compared hereinafter are average values obtained for different thermal states of use all comprising a solution treatment at high temperature followed by '' aging at a lower temperature.
- compositions tested were dissolved in 1160 ° C for 1 hour then cooled in water, then aged for 4 hours at 850 ° C, with the exception of shade F which was put in solution at 1120 ° C for 1 hour then cooled in water and then aged at 820 ° C for 4 hours.
- the alloys according to the invention have higher mechanical strength levels than the reference steels, especially since the nitrogen content is between 0.64% and 0.70% by weight, at least.
- This behavior is determined from the value of the stress leading to 1% elongation by creep in 100 hours.
- the three grades A, B and C were previously treated by dissolving and aging at 850 ° C for 4 hours, while the reference steel grades were treated conventionally for each steel, which is favorable to them. in the comparison.
- the steel test piece is a cylinder 12 mm in diameter and 12 mm long cut in the axis of the products.
- the test piece is weighed and then placed in a cold alumina crucible which is filled with a mixture of 90% by weight of sodium sulfate and 10% by weight of sodium chloride previously melted for 20 minutes in the oven. electric brought to approximately 927 ° C. The whole is left for 1 hour at temperature in the oven.
- test piece is then taken out of the crucible and allowed to cool in air. It is then pickled by immersion for about 15 minutes in an aqueous solution, previously heated to 100 ° C, and containing 12% ferric sulfate and 2.6% of a 40% HF solution, then the lost mass is measured. .
- the pickling / weighing cycle is repeated several times, then the mass of the test piece is graphed as a function of the cumulative duration of pickling.
- This graph must show a first straight line which represents the attack of the oxide formed in contact with the corrosive mixture, then a second straight line which represents the attack of the healthy steel by the pickling solution. The intersection of these two straight lines makes it possible to obtain the mass loss of the test piece ⁇ m due to corrosion by molten lead oxide.
- the corrosion rate C is then calculated according to the following formula:
- the steel specimen is a 6 mm diameter cylinder on
- the first strippings are carried out for 10 minutes, then their duration is gradually brought to 20, 40 and then 60 minutes. Pickling is stopped when the healthy metal is attacked.
- the present inventors have observed a very marked improvement in the resistance to corrosion in the medium Na 2 S0 4 + NaCl with the increase in the nitrogen content of the steel according to the invention.
- this corrosion resistance in molten salts is equivalent to that of the best reference steel, despite a much higher intergranular precipitation rate for nitrides and carbides. It is therefore found that the steels according to the invention have both excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and at very high temperatures as well as excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion by molten salts.
- compositions according to the invention described here is the manufacture of valves for vehicles with an internal combustion engine
- the invention is not limited to such an application and that it can be used to manufacture all the parts that must withstand similar or similar constraints, as may be the case for tools for hot deformation, fasteners (screws, nuts) or control members, for example.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT01931816T ATE299953T1 (de) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Stahlzusammensetzung, herstellungsverfahren und hergestellte formteile aus diesen zusammensetzungen insbesondere ventilen |
| DE60112032T DE60112032T2 (de) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Stahlzusammensetzung, herstellungsverfahren und hergestellte formteile aus diesen zusammensetzungen insbesondere ventilen |
| MXPA02000345A MXPA02000345A (es) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Composicion de acero, procedimiento de fabricacion y piezas formadas con estas composiciones, en particular valvulas. |
| EP01931816A EP1228253B8 (fr) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Composition d'acier, procede de fabrication et pieces formees dans ces compositions, en particulier soupapes |
| AU58509/01A AU5850901A (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Steel composition, method for making same and parts produced from said compositions, particularly valves |
| US10/030,860 US6656418B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Steel composition, method for making same and parts produced from said compositions, particularly valves |
| JP2001582596A JP5288674B2 (ja) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | 鋼組成物、その製造方法および前記組成物から製造される部品特にバルブ |
| BRPI0106337-5A BR0106337B1 (pt) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Composição de aço para a fabricação de peças, particularmente válvulas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0005967A FR2808807B1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 | 2000-05-10 | Composition d'acier, procede de fabrication et pieces formees dans ces compositions, en particulier soupapes |
| FR00/05967 | 2000-05-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001086009A1 true WO2001086009A1 (fr) | 2001-11-15 |
Family
ID=8850073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2001/001388 Ceased WO2001086009A1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Composition d'acier, procede de fabrication et pieces formees dans ces compositions, en particulier soupapes |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6656418B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1228253B8 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5288674B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE299953T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU5850901A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0106337B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60112032T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2248325T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2808807B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02000345A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001086009A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017021565A1 (fr) | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Gerdau Investigacion Y Desarrollo Europa, S.A. | Acier faiblement allié à résistance élevée et à résistance élevée à l'oxydation à chaud |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5223046B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-02 | 2013-06-26 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 生体用高窒素ニッケルフリーオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の結晶粒微細化熱処理方法 |
| FR2896514B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-26 | 2008-05-30 | Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions | Acier martensitique inoxydable et procede de fabrication d'une piece en cet acier, telle qu'une soupape. |
| JP6020957B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-02 | 2016-11-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 内燃機関用材料の評価試験方法 |
| US10927439B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2021-02-23 | Garrett Transportation I Inc | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger components formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
| US11725266B2 (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2023-08-15 | Garrett Transportation I Inc. | Stainless steel alloys, turbocharger components formed from the stainless steel alloys, and methods for manufacturing the same |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3826689A (en) * | 1971-03-09 | 1974-07-30 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Austenite type heat-resisting steel having high strength at an elevated temperature and the process for producing same |
| JPH03177543A (ja) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-08-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | 弁用鋼 |
| EP0467756A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-01-22 | AUBERT & DUVAL | Acier austénitique ayant une résistance améliorée à haute température et procédé pour son obtention et la réalisation de pièces mécaniques, en particulier de soupapes |
| EP0526174A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-03 | Trw Inc. | Procédé de fabrication d'une soupape d'échappement |
| JPH11236653A (ja) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-31 | Kubota Corp | 高温強度・耐熱疲労特性にすぐれた耐熱鋳鋼 |
| US6033626A (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-03-07 | Kubota Corporation | Heat-resistant cast steel having high resistance to surface spalling |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3310693A1 (de) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-10-04 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Korrosionsbestaendiger chromstahl und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| JP2945112B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-09 | 1999-09-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 吸振ばね合金およびこれを用いたばね部材と、このばね部材を用いた電子機器 |
| JPH0849512A (ja) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-02-20 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | エンジンバルブ |
-
2000
- 2000-05-10 FR FR0005967A patent/FR2808807B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-07 BR BRPI0106337-5A patent/BR0106337B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-07 US US10/030,860 patent/US6656418B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-07 AU AU58509/01A patent/AU5850901A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-07 WO PCT/FR2001/001388 patent/WO2001086009A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-07 ES ES01931816T patent/ES2248325T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-07 AT AT01931816T patent/ATE299953T1/de active
- 2001-05-07 EP EP01931816A patent/EP1228253B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-07 DE DE60112032T patent/DE60112032T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-07 MX MXPA02000345A patent/MXPA02000345A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-07 JP JP2001582596A patent/JP5288674B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3826689A (en) * | 1971-03-09 | 1974-07-30 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Austenite type heat-resisting steel having high strength at an elevated temperature and the process for producing same |
| JPH03177543A (ja) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-08-01 | Toyota Motor Corp | 弁用鋼 |
| EP0467756A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-01-22 | AUBERT & DUVAL | Acier austénitique ayant une résistance améliorée à haute température et procédé pour son obtention et la réalisation de pièces mécaniques, en particulier de soupapes |
| EP0526174A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-03 | Trw Inc. | Procédé de fabrication d'une soupape d'échappement |
| JPH11236653A (ja) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-31 | Kubota Corp | 高温強度・耐熱疲労特性にすぐれた耐熱鋳鋼 |
| US6033626A (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-03-07 | Kubota Corporation | Heat-resistant cast steel having high resistance to surface spalling |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 425 (C - 0879) 29 October 1991 (1991-10-29) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 13 30 November 1999 (1999-11-30) * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017021565A1 (fr) | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | Gerdau Investigacion Y Desarrollo Europa, S.A. | Acier faiblement allié à résistance élevée et à résistance élevée à l'oxydation à chaud |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1228253A1 (fr) | 2002-08-07 |
| DE60112032T2 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
| ES2248325T3 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
| BR0106337A (pt) | 2002-04-02 |
| EP1228253B1 (fr) | 2005-07-20 |
| FR2808807B1 (fr) | 2002-07-19 |
| JP5288674B2 (ja) | 2013-09-11 |
| DE60112032D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| EP1228253B8 (fr) | 2005-09-21 |
| AU5850901A (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| US20030044304A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
| MXPA02000345A (es) | 2004-05-21 |
| JP2003532795A (ja) | 2003-11-05 |
| ATE299953T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
| FR2808807A1 (fr) | 2001-11-16 |
| BR0106337B1 (pt) | 2014-09-30 |
| US6656418B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
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