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WO2001074781A1 - Complexe chimique contenant un derive carboxy de pyridine a substitution et un glucosaminoglycane - Google Patents

Complexe chimique contenant un derive carboxy de pyridine a substitution et un glucosaminoglycane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001074781A1
WO2001074781A1 PCT/DK2001/000196 DK0100196W WO0174781A1 WO 2001074781 A1 WO2001074781 A1 WO 2001074781A1 DK 0100196 W DK0100196 W DK 0100196W WO 0174781 A1 WO0174781 A1 WO 0174781A1
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complex
mammal
chemical complex
glucosaminoglycan
chemical
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Morten Sloth Weidner
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Astion Development AS
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Astion Development AS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0063—Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides, e.g. keratan sulfate; Derivatives thereof, e.g. fucoidan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]

Definitions

  • Chemical complex comprising a substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan
  • the present invention relates to a chemical composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan and a pharmaceutical composition or a dietary supplement comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan and to the use of such compositions for the preparation of a medicament or a dietary supplement for immunomodulation in a mammal and the suppression of hypersensitivity and/or inflammatory reaction.
  • Hypersensitivity is defined as a state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to a substance (antigen). Hypersensitivity may be caused by exogenous or endogenous antigens.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions underlie a large number of diseases. Among these, allergic and autoimmune conditions are of great importance. A classification of hypersensitivity diseases is given in the textbook Clinical Medicine (Kumar, P. and Clark, M.: “Clinical Medi- cine", 3rd edition, p. 147-150, 1994, Bailliere Tindall, London).
  • Type I hypersensitivity reactions are caused by allergens (specific exogenous antigens), e.g. pollen, house dust, animal dandruff, moulds, etc.
  • allergens specific exogenous antigens
  • allergens e.g. pollen, house dust, animal dandruff, moulds, etc.
  • Allergic diseases in which type I reactions play a significant role include asthma, eczema (atopic dermatitis), urticaria, allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis.
  • Type II hypersensitivity reactions are caused by cell surface or tissue bound antibodies (IgG and IgM) and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, Good- pasture's syndrome and Addisonian pernicious anaemia.
  • Type III hypersensitivity reactions are caused by autoantigens or exogenous antigens, such as certain bacteria, fungi and parasites.
  • Diseases in which type III hypersensitivity reactions play a significant role include lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and glomerulonephritis.
  • Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are caused by cell or tissue bound antigens. This type of hypersensitivity plays a significant role in a number of conditions, e.g. graft- versus-host disease, leprosy, contact dermatitis and reactions due to insect bites.
  • corticosteroids are some of the most widely used drugs. Corticosteroids primarily exert their pharmacological action by non-selectively inhibiting the function and proliferation of different classes of immune cells resulting in suppression of hypersensitivity reactions. Unfortunately, the corticosteroids are associated with a number of serious side effects, e.g. immuno-suppression, osteoporosis and skin atrophy.
  • Glucosaminoglycans are components of various tissues in numerous animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Important examples are the Chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfates of connective tissue, the dermatan sulfates of skin, and hyaluronic acid. Thus chondroitin sulfate is a major component of articular cartilage. Chondroitin sulfate containing glycoproteins act as the flexible matrix between protein filaments in cartilage. Administration of these substances in pharmacological doses has been found to possess some therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis and therefore chondroitin sulfate is used as a chondroprotective agent.
  • the chemical complexes, pharmaceutical compositions and dietary supplements according to the present invention have the advantage of not being likely to be associated with any serious aide effects, as all of their components are non-toxic and Well tolerated by the organism in the pharmacologically relevant doses.
  • the chemical complexes, pharmaceutical compositions and dietary supplements according to the invention can be employed for the following therapeutic applications:
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition or a dietary s ⁇ pplem ⁇ nt comprising:
  • a chemical complex essentially comprising:
  • R may be selected from OH; OR'; NH 2 ; NHR'; NR'R", O ⁇ and halogen, wherein R' and R" ay independently be selected from optionally substituted 0,-020 alkyl; and Y is a base addition salt of the free carboxylate; and
  • glucosaminoglycan or a fragment or derivative thereof.
  • the present invention provides the use of a chemical complex or a composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan as described above and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the preparation of a medicament for immunomodulatjon in a mammal, for the suppression of hypersensitivity reactions in a mammal, such as IgE mediated allergic reactions, and autoimmune reactions in a mammal, and for the alleviation of pain in a mammal, the mammal preferentially being a human.
  • a chemical complex or a composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan as described above and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be used in a method for the treatment or prevention of a hypersensitivity disease in a mammal, said method comprising administering said chemical complex or said composition to said mammal; and the invention comprises the use of said chemical complex or said composition for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of hypersensitivity diseases in a mammal.
  • a chemical complex or a composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be used in a method for the treatment or prevention of an autoimmune disorder in a mammal, said method comprising administering said chemical complex or said composition to said mammal; and the invention comprises the use of said chemical complex or said composition for the pre- paration of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune disorders in a mammal.
  • a chemical complex or a composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan as described above and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be used in a method for the treatment or prevention of an IgE mediated allergic reaction or condition in a mammal, said method comprising administering said chemical complex or said composition to said mammal; and the invention comprises the use of said chemical complex or said composition for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of IgE mediated allergic reactions and conditions in a mammal.
  • a chemical complex or a composition comprising an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative and a glucosaminoglycan as described above and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be used in a method for the alleviation of pain in a mammal, said method comprising administering said chemical complex or said composition to said mammal; and the invention comprises the use of said chemical complex or said composition for the preparation of a medicament for the alleviation of pain in a mammal.
  • Such chemical complexes or compositions are novel and provide a surprisingly good anti- hypersensitivity, anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effect with a surprisingly good safety profile.
  • the chemical complexes or compositions of the invention are virtually non-toxic and yet very therapeutically effective.
  • the present inventor puts forward the hypothesis that the very beneficial therapeutic index of the compositions of the invention compared to single chemical anti-hypersensitivity drugs is due to the more complex nature of the compositions of the invention, giving a lower toxic load on the body of any single chemical compound and yet giving a surprisingly good therapeutic effect, due to synergistic effects between the components of the compositions.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition or a dietary supplement comprising:
  • a chemical complex essentially comprising:
  • R may be selected from OH; OR'; NH ; NHR 1 ; NR'R", or, and halogen, wherein R' and R" may independently be selected from optionally substituted C r C Z0 a
  • glucosaminoglycan or a fragment or derivative thereof.
  • substituents include carboxyl, formyl, amino, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, sulphono. sulphanyl. C h alky!, aryl, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, amino, mono- and di(C,.
  • a -alkyl)ami ⁇ o carbamoyl, mono- and di(C ⁇ .a-alky!)aminocarbonyl, arnino-C a-aJkyl-aminocarb ⁇ nyl, mono- and di(C a- a
  • C r C 2D alkyl is intended to mean a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain wherein the longest chains has from one to twenty carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-pro ⁇ yl. isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pe ⁇ tyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, updecacyl, dodecyl, etc,
  • a branched hydrocarbon chain is intended to mean a Chal ! substituted at any carbon with a hydrocarbon chain.
  • the C r C 20 alkyl chain of the present invention may be optionally substituted,
  • halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
  • salts of compounds of formula 1 are anticipated, including, for instance hydrates and solvent addition forms.
  • base addition salts include alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, alkali earth metals, such as calcium and magnesium, and organic addition salts such as quaternary ammonium cations.
  • the chemical complex of the present invention relates to a complex obtainable from the combining of a pyridine carboxy derivative of Formula 1 and a glucosaminoglycan or a fragment or derivative thereof.
  • the complex comprises, in part, the optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative according to Formula 1 wherein R may be selected from OH; OR'; NH 2 ; NHR'; NR'R", ON + , and halogen. R' and R" may independently be selected from optionally substituted C-
  • the optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivative may, for illustrative purposes, be selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted nicotinic acid, its corresponding acyl halide, ester, acid salt, or amide, nicotinamide; optionally substituted isonicotinic acid, its corresponding acyl halide, ester, acid salt, or amide, isonicotinamide; and optionally substituted picolinic acid, its corresponding acyl halide, ester, acid salt, or amide, picolinamide.
  • the amide may be its free primary amide ( ⁇ H 2 ), its secondary amide (NHR') or its tertiary amide (NR'R").
  • the pyridine carboxy derivative may be optionally substituted.
  • the pyridine carboxy is further substituted with a carboxy group such as a carboxylic acid, acyl halide, carboxylic ester, or acetamide.
  • the pyridine carboxy may be substituted 0 to 4 times, such as 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4 times, preferably 0 to 1 time, most preferably 0 times.
  • the glucoaminoglycan is selected from the group comprising chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfates, keratan sulfates, hyaluronic acid and fragments and derivatives thereof.
  • the general structure of glucosaminoglycan chains comprise a linkage region, a chain cap and a repeat region.
  • the glucosaminoglycan consists of a repeat region, linkage region and a chain cap wherein the repeat region comprises at least one disaccharide unit in which one or both of the sugar monomers of said disaccharide unit is either galactosamine or glucosamine, such as N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylglucosamine;
  • the linkage region is present at least once, is linked to the repeat region, may be a di-, oligo or poly-saccharide or a di-, oligo or poly-saccharide chain with a terminal amino acid; and is suitable for linking to a protein; and the cap region is a di-, oligo or poly-saccharide present at least once and is linked to the repeat region.
  • the repeat region comprises a repeating disaccharide.
  • the repeat region consists of at least one disaccharide unit in which one or both of the sugar monomers of said disaccharide unit is either galactosamine or glucosamine, such as N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylglucosamine.
  • the other sugar monomer of said disaccharide repeating region may be selected from the array of hexoses known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Illustrative examples of preferred embodiments of monomers include D-glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, and fucose, each of which may be optionally sulfonated or O-protected with a protective group known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the number of repeat units in a glucosaminoglycan chain may range from 1 to 500000, such as from 2 to 50000, preferably from 2 to 10000, most preferably from 2 to 1000.
  • the glucosaminoglycan comprises of 30 to 50 disaccharide units.
  • glucosaminoglycan chain may comprise of a repeat unit comprising of any combination of disaccharides according to Formula 2 to 8.
  • ⁇ -D-glucuronic acid N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-glucosamine, wherein W, X, Y, and Z independently may be SO 3 " or H.
  • ⁇ -L-iduronic acid N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-galactosamine wherein X, Y and Z may independently be SO 3 ' or H.
  • R 1 may be fucose or OSO 3 or OH and X, Y and Z independently may be SO 3 " or H.
  • ⁇ -D-glucuronic acid D-glucosamine wherein W, X, Y and Z independently may be SO 3 " or H and R 1 may be COCH 3 or SO 3 " .
  • the number of repeat units in a glucosaminoglycan chain may range from 1 to 500000. Accordingly the value of n, or the sum of n for all of the disaccharide units according the any of Formula 2 -8 (n 2 + n 3 + n 4 + n 5 + n 6 + n 7 + n 8 ), may be in the range of 1 to 500000, such as from 2 to 50000, preferably from 2 to 10000, most preferably from 2 to 15 1000.
  • the glucosaminoglycan comprises of 30 to 50 disaccharide units, i.e n may be in the range.
  • D-glucuronic acid is the principle uronic acid present in hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfates A and C, while dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B) contains L-iduronic acid.
  • dermatan sulfate chondroitin sulfate B
  • L-iduronic acid L-iduronic acid.
  • the principle uronic acid is D-galacturonic acid.
  • the disaccharide unit may be non-sulfated, mono-sulfated, di-sulfated or tri-sulfated, and different uronic acids may be present in a given polymer chain.
  • the linkage region is the moiety of the glucoaminoglycan which may be O-linked to a 25 protein in the use of the chemical complex in the treatment defined herein.
  • the linkage unit may be a di-, oligo or poly-saccharide and is linked to at least one repeat region. Linkage to a protein may be from any of the oxygen atoms of the terminal saccharide of the linkage unit.
  • the linkage region may be linked to any part of the repreating region. Typically, the linkage region will be at the terminus of the repeating region.
  • the linkage region comprises a di-, oligo or poly-saccharide chain with a terminal amino acid. It such an embodiment, linkage to a protein is via said amino acid. In a preferred embodiment, the amino acid is serine.
  • a glucoaminoglycan may be linked more than once to a protein and there may be more than one linkage region. In a suitable embodiment, there is a one linkage region hence the glucoaminoglycan is linked once to a protein. Conversely, more than one glucoaminoglycan may be linked to a single protein.
  • the linkage region is of the general form:
  • GlcA glucuronic acid
  • Gal galactose
  • Xyl xylose
  • Ser serine
  • glucoaminoglycan is chondroitin sulfate
  • said glucoaminoglycan is preferably O-linked to a serine of a protein core.
  • the chain cap is the chain terminus in the glucosaminoglycans.
  • the chain cap comprises of a mono-, di- or oligo-saccharide at one or both of the two termini of the repeating regions of the glucosaminoglycans.
  • the linkage region is at the terminus of the repeat region, there will only be one chain cap.
  • the chain cap will typically be in the form of N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-galactosamine or N-acetyl- ⁇ -D- glucosamine, which may be non-sulfated, mono-sulfated or di-sulfated.
  • the chain cap will have a lower degree of sulfonation than the repeating region.
  • the saccharide or saccharides of the chain may be O-protected in the manner known to the skilled artisan.
  • the chain cap may be in the form of formula 9.
  • N-acetyl- ⁇ -D-galactosamine wherein X and Y independently may be SO 3 " or OH.
  • Glucosaminoglycans formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, are components of various tissues in numerous animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. All are polymers of repeating disaccharide units, in which one of the sugars is either N- acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylglucosamine.
  • hyaluronic acid chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfates of connective tissue
  • dermatan sulfates chondroitin sulfates B
  • heparin and heparan sulfates of mast cells are important examples.
  • glycosaminoglycans A major function of some glycosaminoglycans is the formation of a matrix to hold together the protein components of the skin and connective tissue.
  • the filamentous structure is built on a single hyaluronic acid molecule, to which extended core proteins are attached noncovalently. These, in turn, have chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate chains covalently bound to them though serine side chains. In cartilage, this kind of structure binds collagen and helps hold the collagen fibres in a tight, strong network. The binding apparently involves electrostatic interactions between the sulfate and/or carboxylate groups and basic side chains in collagen.
  • the glucosaminoglucans of the present invention may be obtained from any such biological glucosaminoglycan-containing material by any available method obvious to a person skilled in the art, e.g. chemical and/or mechanical processing.
  • glycosaminglycan polymers can be depolymerised, for example by a number of specific enzymes or by acid hydrolysis to give low molecular weight species, which carry a range of negative charges depending on the number of sulphated groups attached.
  • a number of relevant enzymes are available such as chondroitinases, keratanases, hyaluronidases, heparinases, heparitinases etc.
  • the molecular weight of such fragments is preferably in the range from 5000 to 1000000 Da, e.g. from 6000 to 500000 Da, such as from 7000 to 300000 Da, even more preferably from 8000 to 200000 Da, such as from 9000 to 100000 Da, e.g. from 10000 to 50000 Da.
  • the molecular weight of the glucosaminoglucan fragment is below 5000 Da and even more preferably below 3000 Da.
  • the depolymerisation of the naturally occurring (native) glycosaminoglycan polymers leads to a sequence of fragments of varying size depending on the degree of hydrolysis.
  • These will, according to the invention, be a mixture of fragments composed of repeat units, fragments with the original chain cap and fragments with the original linkage region linked to a peptide or protein.
  • non-limiting examples of such fragments may be any combination of formula 2 to 9, the linkage region and the chain cap.
  • the percentage of protein in a mixture of glycosaminoglycan fragments used in a complex of the invention may be from 0 to 50 %, such as from 0 to 25 %, e.g. from 0 to 20 %, such as from 0 to 15 %, e.g. from 0 to 10 %, such as from 0 to 5 %, e.g. from 0 to 4 %, such as from 0 to 3 %, e.g. from 0 to 2 %, such as from 0 to 1%.
  • the molecular size of such fragments or derivatives of glucosaminoglycans may be any size obtainable through processing of natural glucosaminoglycan containing material or by chemical synthesis.
  • the molecular weight of such fragments is in the range from 5000 to 1000000 Da, e.g. from 6000 to 500000 Da, such as from 7000 to 300000 Da, even more preferably from 8000 to 200000 Da, such as from 9000 to 100000 Da, e.g. from 10000 to 50000 Da.
  • the molecular weight of the glucosaminoglucan fragment is below 5000 Da and even more preferably below 3000 Da.
  • small fragments of glucosaminoglucans with a molecular weight below 5000 Da have a very high pharmacological activity and therefore may be used alone to treat hypersensitivity, inflammation, etc. according to the invention, besides being used as components of the complexes according to the invention.
  • These small fragments may be monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers or pentamers of the disaccharide building blocks of glucosaminoglycans.
  • Non-limiting examples of such small fragments are monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers or pentamers of the structures shown in formula 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6 ,7 and 8 or combinations thereof with chain caps or linkage regions as defined above.
  • Glucosaminoglycan fragments of the invention may be produced from a natural source or by chemical synthesis.
  • glucosaminoglycans may be obtained from any natural source, plant or animal, vertebrates or invertebrates.
  • chondroitin sulfate may be obtained from the cartilage of fish, especially sharks and the cartilage of land animals, e.g. pig, ox and chicken.
  • the fragments may be conjugated or chemically modified to obtain derivatives of glucosaminoglycans with certain desirable properties.
  • any known method of chemical modification or synthesis may be applied, which would be obvious to a person skilled in the art.
  • glycosaminoglycan polymers or fragments or derivatives thereof according to the invention are negatively charged and are found as salts soluble in water.
  • any positively charged ion may be the component of such salts.
  • the positively charged ion is: Na + , K + , NH + , Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ . Zi 2+ , Fe 2 M
  • test solution 30mg per ml.
  • the total bacterial count does not exceed 1000 per g, the total combined molds and yeasts count does not exceed 100 per g, and it meets the requirements of the tests for absence of Clostridium species, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. Ph ⁇ 791 ⁇
  • a 0.1 Og portion shows no more sulfate than corresponds to 0.25ml 0.020 N sulphuric acid: not more than 0.24% is found.
  • Not yet defined Content of protein - Standard solution Transfer an accurately measured volume of 7 percent Bovine Serum Albumin Certified Standard to a suitable container, and dilute quantitatively and stepwise with water to obtain a solution having a known concentration of about 35 ⁇ g per ml.
  • Test solution Transfer an accurately weighed amount of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium, equivalent to 100mg of the dried substance, to a 100ml volumetric flask, dissolve in and dilute with water to volume, and mix.
  • Procedure - Add 2.0ml of freshly prepared alkaline cupric tartrate TS to test tubes containing 2.0ml of water, 2.0ml of the test solution, or 2.0ml of the Standard solution. Mix after each addition. After about 10 minutes, add to each test tube 1.0ml of Folin-Ciocalteu Phenol TS, prepared immediately before use, and mix. After 30 minutes, measure the absorbance of each solution at 750nm against blank. The absorbance of the test solution is not more than the absorbance of the Standard solution: not more than 3.5% of proteins are found.
  • Standard solution - Tansfer about 25mg of USP Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium RS, accurately weighed, to a 25ml volumetric flask. [Note-Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium is extremely hydroscopic once dried. Avoid exposure to the atmosphere, and weigh promptly]. Dissolve in 6 ml water, add 1ml of pH 7.2 phosphate buffer solution, and dilute with water to volume to obtain a solution having a known concentrations of about 1 mg per ml.
  • Test solution Transfer about 10Omg of Chondroitn Sulfate Sodium, accurately weighed, to a 100ml volumetric flask, dissolve in 30ml of water, add 5ml of pH 7.2 phosphate buffer solution dilute with water to volume, and mix.
  • Cetyl pyridinium chloride solution Perpare a solution of cetylpyridinium chloride in water having a concentration of about 1mg per ml. Proceo't/re-Transfer 5 ml of Standard solution to the titration vessel, and add about 30ml of water. Titrate with C ⁇ tyl pyridinium chloride solution using a phototrode to determine the endpoint turbidimetrically, at 420nm, with the instrument set in transmittance mode at 70% for the initial solution, Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction. Determine the equivalence factor, F, in mg of USP Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium RS per each ml of Cetyl pyridinium chloride solution, taken by the formula:
  • F is the equivalence factor, in mg per ml, calculated above
  • u is the volume, in ml, of Cetyl pyridinium chloride solution consumed by the Test solution
  • W is the weight, in mg, of the portion of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium taken.
  • the present invention provides a chemical complex, a pharmaceutical composition, a dietary supplement or a cosmetic comprising: i) an optionally substituted pyridine carboxy derivatlveaccording to formula 1
  • R may be selected from OH; OR'; NH 2 ; NHR'; NR'R", ON", and halogen, wherein R' and R" may independently be selected from optionally substituted C ⁇ -C 20 alkyl; and Y is a base addition salt of the free carboxylate; and
  • the molar ratio between the pyridine carboxy derivative and the glucosaminoglycan is in 10 the range from 1 :100000 to 100000:1 , e.g. from 1 :50000 to 50000:1 , such as from 1 :25000 to 25000: 1 , such as from 1 : 15000 to 15000: 1 , preferably from 1 : 10000 to 10000:1 , e.g. from 1 :8000 to 8000:1 , such as from 1 :6000 to 6000:1 , more preferably in the range from 1 :5000 to 5000:1 , e.g.
  • from 1 :4000 to 4000:1 such as from 1 :3000 to 3000:1 , e.g. from 1 :2000 to 2000:1 , e.g. from 1 :1000 to 1000:1 , such as from 1 :900 to 15 900:1 , e.g. from 1 :800 to 800:1 , such as from 1 :700 to 700:1 , e.g. frotn 1 :600 to 600:1 , e.g. from 1 :500 to 500: 1 , such as from 1 :400 to 400: 1 , e.g. from 1 :300 to 300: 1 , such as from 1:200 to 200:1, e.g.
  • the pyridine carboxy derivative is selected from the group consisting of nicotinamide and isonicotinamide, most preferably nicotinamide (niacinamide). 5
  • the above mentioned chemical complexes or compositions can be combined with any other active ingredient to potentiate the therapeutic action.
  • a “dietary supplement” is defined according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA).
  • the DSHEA gives the following formal definition of a "dietary supplement":
  • • is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these things.
  • Systemic administration is defined as administration by the parenteral route such as the intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarticular, intraventricular, intracapsular, intraspinal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, oral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal, vaginal or transdermal routes.
  • Topical administration is used in its conventional sense to mean delivery of a topical chemical complex or pharmacologically active composition to the skin or mucosa.
  • a method for the treatment or prevention of hypersensitivity disease or inflammation characterised by the administration of the above mentioned chemical complexes or compositions to a mammal, preferentially a human.
  • the therapeutic action may be relevant to all known diseases associated with hypersensitivity reactions or inflammation. Autoimmune disorders and IgE mediated allergic conditions are described below in more detail. Besides these specific therapeutic areas, the action of the above mentioned composition is relevant to all known conditions and diseases associated with hypersensitivity reaction, and the following examples are not limiting with respect to this: infections (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, etc.), cold and flu, contact dermatitis, insect bites, allergic vasculitis, postoperative reactions, transplantation rejection (graft-versus-host disease), etc.
  • the therapeutic action may be relevant to all known autoimmune disorders and the following examples are not limiting with respect to this: Autoimmune hepatitis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Autoimmune hemolytic anemias, Grave's disease, Myasthenia gravis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory myo- pathies, Multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's thyreoiditis, Autoimmune adrenalitis, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Glomerulonephritis, Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scle- roderma), Sj ⁇ gren's Disease, Lupus Erythematosus, Primary vasculitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Psoriasis, Pemfigus, Pemfigoid, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, etc.
  • a method for the treatment or prevention of an IgE mediated allergic reaction or condition characterised by the administration of the above mentioned chemical complexes or compositions to a mammal, preferentially a human.
  • the applicant puts forward the hypothesis that the therapeutic action is due to the suppressing effect on hypersensitivity reaction of the above mentioned compositions.
  • the therapeutic action may be relevant to all known IgE mediated allergic reactions and conditions, and the following examples are not limiting with respect to this: asthma, eczema (e.g. atopic dermatitis), urticaria, allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, etc.
  • a method for chondroprotection or regeneration of articular cartilage This may be relevant for the treatment or prophylaxis of any type of arthritis, especially osteoarthritis or for the general promotion of joint health in a mammal, preferentially in a human.
  • the above mentioned chemical complexes or compositions can be combined with any other active ingredients to potentiate the therapeutic action.
  • a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier for systemic or topical administration can be water or vehicles other than water, said other vehicles can be used in the compositions and can include solids or liquids such as emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders. Examples of each of these types of vehicles, which can be used singly or as compositions of one or more vehicles, are as follows:
  • Emollients such as stearyl alcohol, glyceryl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, pro- pane-1 ,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl isostearate, stearic acid, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, dimethylpolysiloxane, di-n-butyl seba- cate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, polyethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, lanolin, castor oil, acetylated lanolin alcohols, petroleum, mineral oil, butyl myr
  • solvents such as water, methylene chloride, isopropanol, castor oil, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, vegetable and animal oils, glycerol, ethanol, propanol, propylene glycol, and other glycols or alcohols, fixed oils;
  • humectants or moistening agents such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-car- boxylate, soluble collagen, dibutyl phthalate, gelatin;
  • powders such as chalk, talc, kaolin, starch and derivatives thereof, gums, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, chemically modified magnesium aluminium silicate, hydra- ted aluminium silicate, carboxyvjnyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monostearate;
  • gelling or swelling agents such as pectin, gelatin and derivatives thereof, cellulose deriva- fives such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or oxidised cellulose, cellulose gum, guar gum, acacia gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, be ⁇ t ⁇ ite, agar, algj ⁇ ates, carbomer, gelatine, bladderwrack, ceratonia, dextran and derivatives thereof, ghattl gum, hectorite, Ispaghula husk, xantha ⁇ gum;
  • polymers such as poly lactic acid or polygiycolic acid polymers or copolymers thereof, paraffin, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, po
  • surfactants such as non-ionic surfactants, e.g. glycol and glycerol esters, macrogol ethers and esters, sugar ethers and esters, such as sorbitan esters, jo ⁇ ic surfactants, such as amine soaps, metallic soaps, sulfated fatty alcohols, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfated oils, and mpholytjc surfactants and lecitins;
  • non-ionic surfactants e.g. glycol and glycerol esters, macrogol ethers and esters, sugar ethers and esters, such as sorbitan esters, jo ⁇ ic surfactants, such as amine soaps, metallic soaps, sulfated fatty alcohols, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfated oils, and mpholytjc surfactants and lecitins;
  • buffering agents such as sodium, potassium, aluminium, magnesium or calcium salts (such as the chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, acetate, glucep- tate ortartrat ⁇ ).
  • the active ingredients of the chemical complex or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention need not be administered as one pharmaceutically entity, but can of course be administered as individual compounds or pharmaceutical compositions, i.e. as
  • R may be selected from OH; OR'; NH 2 ; NHR'; NR'R", ON + , and halogen, wherein R' and R" may independently be selected from optionally substituted C ⁇ C 20 alkyl; and Y is a base addition salt of the free carboxylate; and
  • glucosaminoglycan or a fragment or derivative thereof
  • compositions may be mixed with additives such as surfactants, solvents, thickeners, stabilisers, preservatives, antioxi- dants, flavours, etc. to obtain a desirable product formulation suitable for systemic administration.
  • a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement according to the invention may further contain such additives.
  • the route of administration or dosage form of the formulation and the following examples are not limiting with respect to this: tablets, capsules, lozenges, chewing gum, fluids, granulates, sprays (e.g. aerosol), inhalants, etc.
  • the composition may also contain surfactants such as bile salts, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-fatty acid esters or polyalcohol mixed chain-length fatty acid esters for improving dispersibility of the composition in the digestive fluids leading to improved bioavailability or for obtaining the final dosage form of the composition.
  • surfactants such as bile salts, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan-fatty acid esters or polyalcohol mixed chain-length fatty acid esters for improving dispersibility of the composition in the digestive fluids leading to improved bioavailability or for obtaining the final dosage form of the composition.
  • compositions of the invention may also be formulated as a depot preparation.
  • Such long acting formulations may be admin- istered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
  • the compositions may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
  • suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil
  • ion exchange resins for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil
  • sparingly soluble derivatives for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
  • other pharmaceutical delivery systems may be employed. Liposomes and emulsions are well known examples of delivery vehicles that may be used to deliver compositions of the invention.
  • compositions may be delivered using a sustained-release system, such as semi-permeable matrices of solid polymers containing the therapeutic agent.
  • sustained-release materials have been established and are well known by those skilled in the art.
  • Sustained-release capsules may, depending on their chemical nature, release the compositions for a few weeks up to over 100 days.
  • the invention relates to a method for the preparation of a chemical complex or a pharmaceutically active composition as described above characterised by obtaining a glucosaminoglycan or fragment or derivative thereof, and pyridine carboxy derivative according to formula 1 as described above; and mixing said glucosaminglycan and pyridine carboxy derivative, optionally with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the glucosaminoglycans are hygroscopic and are dried before use.
  • the glucosaminoglycan and the pyridine carboxy derivative are dissolved in as little water as possible and the solvent is removed by spray drying or freeze-drying. After the solvent is removed the product is a white to yellowish hygroscopic powder.
  • the powder is suitable for any type of product e.g. pharmaceutical products, dietary supplements and cosmetic formulations.
  • product e.g. pharmaceutical products, dietary supplements and cosmetic formulations.
  • Non-limiting examples of such products are tablets, capsules, ointments and lotions as described above.
  • Example 1 to 44 Molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :1000 (mol/mol).
  • Example 45 to 48 Molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :500 (mol/mol).
  • Example 49 to 52 Molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :200 (mol/mol).
  • Example 53 to 54 Molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1:100 (mol/mol).
  • Example 55 to 92 Molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :50 (mol/mol).
  • Example 93 to 100 Weight ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 : 4
  • Example 101 to 108 Weight ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1:10
  • the glucosaminoglycans are hygroscopic and are dried before use. A quantity of the glucosaminoglycan and the pyridine carboxy derivative are transferred to a hard gelatine capsule.
  • Example 109 to 111 Capsule 500 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :1000 (mol/mol).
  • Example 112 to 114 Capsule 250 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :500 (mol/mol).
  • Example 115 Capsule 500 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :500 (mol/mol).
  • Example 116 to 118 Capsule 250 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :200 (mol/mol).
  • Example 119 to 122 Capsule 500 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :200 (mol/mol).
  • Example 123 to 125 Capsule 250 mg, molar ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 :100 (mol/mol).
  • Example 126 to 133 Capsule 250 mg, weight ratio glucosaminoglycan / pyridine carboxy derivative 1 : 4 (g/g).
  • the immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects of complexes or compositions of the invention are tested in vitro.
  • the model used is TNF- ⁇ secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes.
  • Dexamethasone is employed as positive control.
  • test compound is dissolved in water or dimethylsulfoxide for the cellular assay.
  • test compounds are tested in duplicate at the following concentrations:
  • the active compounds or DMSO 0.4% (control) are incubated with lipopolysaccharide- stimulated (25 ng/ml) human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in growth medium RPMI-1640, pH 7.4 for 16 hours at 37°C.
  • the TNF- ⁇ cytokine levels in the conditioned medium are quantitated using a sandwich ELISA kit.
  • TNF- ⁇ TNF- ⁇ cytokines
  • pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and IL-8.
  • pro- allergic cytokines are measures, e.g. IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13.
  • the anti-inflammatory effects of complexes or compositions of the invention are tested in vivo.
  • the model employed is arthritis in the mouse induced by collagen monoclonal antibody (mAb) and lipopolysaccharide. Cyclophosphamide is used as positive control.
  • test compound is dissolved in water.
  • the test compound is administered orally once daily for 3 consecutive days at 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg.
  • the positive control (cyclophosphamide) is administered at 10 mg/kg. Dosing volume is 5 ml/kg.
  • mice Male BALB/c mice weighing 20 ⁇ 1 grams are used. Space allocation for 5 mice is 45 x 23 x 15 cm.
  • the animals are housed in APEC® (Allentown Gaging, Allentown, NJ 08501 , U. S. A.) cages and maintained in a hygienic environment under controlled temperature (22°C - 24°C) and humidity (60% - 80%) with 12-hours light/dark cycles for at least one week prior to being used. Free access to standard lab chow for mice and tap water is granted. All aspects of this work including housing, experimentation and disposal of animals is performed in general according to the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (CIOMS Publication No. ISBN 92 90360194, 1985).
  • the chemicals employed in the present study are standard chemicals e.g. Cyclophosphamide (Sigma, U. S. A.), Lipopolysaccharide (Sigma, U. S. A.), and Arthrogen- CIATM Monoclonal Antibodies D8, F10, DI-2G and A2 (Chondrex, U. S. A.).
  • mice Groups of 5 BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks of age, are used for the induction of arthritis by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • the animals are administered intravenously of a combination of 4 different mAbs (D8, F10, DI-2G and A2) in a total of 4 mg/mouse at day 0. This is followed by intravenous 25 ⁇ g of LPS 72 hours later (day 3). From day 3, test substances are administered orally once daily for 3 consecutive days.
  • a plethysmometer Ugo Basile Cat # 7150
  • water cell (12 mm diameter
  • the complexes or compositions of the invention dose-dependently inhibit paw swelling.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition chimique contenant un dérivé carboxy de pyridine facultativement substitué et un glucosaminoglycane, ainsi qu'une composition pharmaceutique ou un supplément diététique contenant un dérivé carboxy de pyridine facultativement substitué ainsi qu'un glucosaminoglycane, et l'utilisation de ces compositions pour la préparation d'un médicament ou d'un supplément diététique à effet d'immunomodulation chez un mammifère et de suppression d'hypersensibilité et/ou de réaction inflammatoire.
PCT/DK2001/000196 2000-03-21 2001-03-21 Complexe chimique contenant un derive carboxy de pyridine a substitution et un glucosaminoglycane Ceased WO2001074781A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002117A3 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-03-20 Astion Dev As Derives de pyridine carboxy et un sucre amine
WO2004000333A1 (fr) * 2002-06-20 2003-12-31 Astion Dermatology A/S Complexes d'esters d'acide gras de polyhydroxyalkanes et de derives de pyridine carboxy
WO2008062324A3 (fr) * 2006-10-11 2008-09-12 Dermena Compositions à base de nicotinamide destinées au traitement de maladies et affections cutanées
ITPD20090134A1 (it) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-15 Fidia Farmaceutici Nuovi medicamenti ad uso topico a base di acido ialuronico solfatato come agente attivante o inibente l'attivita' citochinica
EP4232106B1 (fr) 2020-10-26 2025-02-12 Innate S.r.l. Composition injectable et utilisation de ladite composition

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GB2286528A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-08-23 Robert John Woodward Dietary supplement
WO1998034592A1 (fr) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-13 L.A.M. Pharmaceuticals, Llc. Preparations medicamenteuses topiques
EP1075836A2 (fr) * 1999-08-09 2001-02-14 Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd. Composition cosmétique ou alimentaire contenant N-acetyl-glucosamine

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GB2286528A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-08-23 Robert John Woodward Dietary supplement
US6120804A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-09-19 L.A.M. Pharmaceuticals Llc Topical drug preparations
WO1998034592A1 (fr) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-13 L.A.M. Pharmaceuticals, Llc. Preparations medicamenteuses topiques
EP1075836A2 (fr) * 1999-08-09 2001-02-14 Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd. Composition cosmétique ou alimentaire contenant N-acetyl-glucosamine

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002117A3 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-03-20 Astion Dev As Derives de pyridine carboxy et un sucre amine
WO2004000333A1 (fr) * 2002-06-20 2003-12-31 Astion Dermatology A/S Complexes d'esters d'acide gras de polyhydroxyalkanes et de derives de pyridine carboxy
EP1640011A1 (fr) * 2002-06-20 2006-03-29 Astion Dermatology A/S Nouveaux complexes d'esters d'acides gras de polyhydroxyalkanes avec des dérivés de la carboxypyridine
EA008023B1 (ru) * 2002-06-20 2007-02-27 Астион Дерматолоджи А/С Новые комплексы карбоксипроизводных пиридина и эфиров жирной кислоты и полигидроксиалканов
US8084049B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2011-12-27 Astion Dermatology A/S Complexes of fatty acid esters of polyhydroxyalkanes and pyridine carboxy derivatives
WO2008062324A3 (fr) * 2006-10-11 2008-09-12 Dermena Compositions à base de nicotinamide destinées au traitement de maladies et affections cutanées
ITPD20090134A1 (it) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-15 Fidia Farmaceutici Nuovi medicamenti ad uso topico a base di acido ialuronico solfatato come agente attivante o inibente l'attivita' citochinica
WO2010130468A1 (fr) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-18 Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. Nouveaux médicaments à usage topique à base d'acide hyaluronique sulfaté comme agent d'activation ou d'inhibition de l'activité cytokinique
US9504708B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2016-11-29 Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. Medicines for topic use based on sulfated hyaluronic acid as activating or inhibiting agent of the cytokine activity
US10435483B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2019-10-08 Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. Medicines for topic use based on sulfated hyaluronic acid as activating or inhibiting agent of the cytokine activity
US11198741B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2021-12-14 Fidia Farmaceutici S.P.A. Medicines for topic use based on sulfated hyaluronic acid as activating or inhibiting agent of the cytokine activity
EP4232106B1 (fr) 2020-10-26 2025-02-12 Innate S.r.l. Composition injectable et utilisation de ladite composition

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