WO2001073507A1 - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid crystal display device which enables the reduction of the width of a reverse-tilt domain that causes image defect such as light leakage, and improvements of its display contrast and an aperture ratio. A common electrode non-existing part which corresponds to a spacing between one pixel electrode and a pixel electrode adjacent to it is formed in a common electrode which faces the pixel electrodes with a liquid crystal layer therebetween in the liquid crystal display device and the center of the common electrode non-existing part is shifted from the center of the spacing between the pixel electrodes in the rubbing direction of a pixel electrode substrate.

Description

 Specification

 Liquid crystal display

 [Technical field]

 The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of pixel electrodes are two-dimensionally arranged, and more particularly, to an active matrix liquid crystal display device in which signal voltages having different polarities are applied between adjacent pixel electrodes.

 [Background technology]

 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 6-281959 (prior art 1) discloses that a switching element such as a thin film transistor (TFT) is provided for each pixel electrode in order to select a plurality of pixel electrodes. An active matrix type liquid crystal display device is described.

 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a matrix-type liquid crystal display device described in FIG. 2 (B) of Prior Art 1 described above.

 In a matrix type liquid crystal display device, the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b) apply a high positive voltage or a low negative voltage to the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b) with respect to the potential (reference potential) of the common electrode 31. By applying a display voltage, a vertical electric field 43 is generated, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 23 is controlled, and the image is displayed by controlling the light transmittance.

 However, as shown in FIG. 13, when a different display voltage is supplied to the adjacent pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b), as shown in FIG. Then, a horizontal electric field 42 is generated.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 6-1188447 (prior art 2) discloses a display voltage applied to a pixel electrode at a constant period such as one field in order to prevent deterioration of liquid crystal molecules. A liquid crystal display device in which the polarity is inverted is described. The prior art 2 also describes a line inversion driving method in which the polarity of the display voltage of the pixel electrode is inverted every horizontal scanning period (each row). FIG. 14 is a plan view of a plurality of pixel electrodes for explaining the line inversion driving method. The plurality of pixel electrodes 18 are arranged in a matrix along the X axis and the y axis. The + symbol indicates that a display voltage of positive polarity is applied to the pixel electrode 18 with respect to the reference potential applied to the common electrode 31, and the symbol indicates that a display voltage of negative polarity is applied to the pixel electrode 18. Indicates that In the line inversion driving method, the polarities of the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b) in adjacent rows are different, and the pixel electrodes in the same row (pixel electrodes in a line parallel to the X axis) have the same polarity. A display voltage is applied.

 Taking the line inversion drive method as an example, as shown in Fig. 13, the lateral electric field 42 between adjacent pixel electrodes with different polarities causes reverse tilt where the tilt angle 24 of the liquid crystal molecules 23 is different from the normal range. Domain 32 occurs. In the liquid crystal display device, in order to control the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 23, an alignment film 21 is formed on the pixel electrode substrate 27, and an alignment process such as a rubbing process of rubbing with a cloth or the like is performed. When the rubbing process is performed, the liquid crystal molecules 23 are oriented at a specific angle (tilt angle 24) with respect to the main surface of the pixel electrode substrate 27 in the rubbing direction (the direction rubbed with a cloth or the like) without applying an electric field. To orient. On the other hand, in the reverse tilt domain, since the force of the transverse electric field 42 is strong, the liquid crystal molecules having the property of an electric dipole are applied to the pixel electrode substrate 27 at a different angle (reverse tilt 25) from the other regions. In contrast, they will be oriented. Accordingly, the reverse tilt domain has a different optical property from other regions, and causes deterioration of image quality such as afterimages and uneven lighting.

 The reverse tilt domain can be made inconspicuous by hiding it with a light-shielding film formed on the common electrode substrate 28 or the pixel electrode substrate 27.However, the aperture ratio of the pixel is reduced, and the brightness of the display device is reduced. This was the cause of the decline.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the reverse tilt domain, It is to eliminate image defects such as unevenness.

 It is another object of the present invention to provide a bright liquid crystal display device in which a region for shielding a pixel from light is reduced and an aperture ratio is improved for a reverse tilt domain.

 [Disclosure of the Invention]

 The above object is to form a non-electrode portion such as a slit-shaped opening in a common electrode corresponding to an adjacent pixel electrode in which a horizontal electric field becomes strong, and to center the non-electrode portion from the center between adjacent pixel electrodes. Can be achieved by shifting the reverse tilt domain to the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs.

 1 and 2 are a cross-sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of a liquid crystal display device for explaining the principle of the present invention. Since the same reference numerals are used as those in FIG. 13 described above, detailed description of the reference numerals is omitted. FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

 In the present invention, a region where no electrode exists in the common electrode 31 (common electrode absence portion 33) is provided corresponding to the inter-electrode region of the adjacent pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b). ing. The center 35 of the common electrode absence part 33 is provided so as to be shifted from the center 34 between the pixel electrodes on the side where the reverse tilt domain 32 is generated.

 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device showing the state of the electric field of the liquid crystal display device employing the present invention.

According to the present invention, the region where the equipotential lines 40 are inclined is narrower at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) on the side where the center 35 of the common electrode absence portion 33 is shifted. This means that, at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) on the side where the center 35 of the common electrode absent portion 33 is shifted, the region where the component of the horizontal electric field 42 is strong becomes narrower. Looking at the shape of the line of electric force 4 1, the inclination of the line of electric force at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) on the side shifted from the center 35 of the common electrode absence part 3 3 It can be understood that the component of the lateral electric field 42 is weakened.

 Therefore, according to the present invention, since the lateral electric field component 42 at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) where the reverse tilt domain 32 is generated can be weakened, the range in which the reverse tilt domain occurs can be reduced. Can be. The lateral electric field component 42 at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (a) away from the center 35 of the common electrode absent part 33 becomes stronger, but the end of the pixel electrode 18 (a) has no reverse tilt domain. , There is no problem. The reason why the reverse tilt domain does not occur at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (a) shown in FIG. 3 is that at the end on the pixel electrode 18 (a) side, the horizontal electric field 42 causes the liquid crystal molecules 23 to move to the original tilt angle 24 direction. This is because it functions to orient the crystal.

 FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the light blocking ability in the vicinity of a region between pixel electrodes between a liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied and a conventional liquid crystal display device having no common electrode absent portion. The horizontal axis is the position with the center 34 between the pixel electrodes as the zero point. The unit is zm, and the vertical axis is the light transmittance. 45 is the transmittance curve of the present invention, and 46 is the transmittance curve of the conventional liquid crystal display device. As is apparent from FIG. 4, the light-exiting region 32b of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is closer to the center 34 between the pixel electrodes than the conventional light-exiting region 32a. The region through which the light passes corresponds to the reverse tilt domain.

 Therefore, according to the present invention, a region where light transmission cannot be controlled by the pixel electrode can be confined in a narrow region near the center 34 between the pixel electrodes, and as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. In addition, the area shielded by the first light shield 2 or the second light shield 29 can be reduced, and the aperture ratio of the pixel portion can be improved.

The data shown in Fig. 4 shows that the pixel electrode interval is 1.8 zm, the width of the slit in the common electrode absence part 33 is 3.0 // m, and the slit in the common electrode absence part 33 is Center 35 1.35 yamTFT substrate The figure shows a case where they are arranged shifted in the rubbing direction. According to the data shown in FIG. 4, by implementing the present invention under the above conditions, the reverse tilt domain can be brought closer to the center 34 between the pixel electrodes by about 1 m than the conventional one.

 Therefore, the opening can be made as wide as about 1 m, a reverse tilt domain does not occur in the lighting region, and the electrode absence portion 33 is not in the lighting region, so that a uniform image display can be obtained.

 Next, the direction in which the reverse tilt domain occurs will be described.

 6 (A) to 6 (E) are plan views of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device for explaining a direction in which a reverse tilt domain occurs. FIGS. 6 (A) to 6 (E) show the alignment film 21 of the pixel electrode substrate 27 when different polarities are applied between the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b). The relationship between the rubbing direction 26 and the rubbing direction 36 of the alignment film 22 of the common electrode substrate 28 indicates the direction in which the reverse tilt domain emerges. . 6A to 6E show plan views when viewed from above the common electrode substrate 28. FIG.

 In the example shown in FIG. 6 (A), the pixel electrode substrate 27 rubs rightward (in the direction of the arrow 26) along the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes, and the common electrode substrate 28 is the pixel electrode substrate. 9 shows a case where rubbing is performed 90 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate, and the right side of the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes. A reverse tilt domain is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b).

In the example shown in FIG. 6 (B), the pixel electrode substrate 27 is rubbed 45 degrees clockwise (in the direction of the arrow 26) with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes, and the common electrode substrate 27 is rubbed. Indicates the case where the rubbing is performed 90 degrees counterclockwise 36 with respect to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate. A reverse tilt domain is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) in the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate with respect to the line 34.

 In the example shown in FIG. 6 (C), the pixel electrode substrate 27 is rubbed 90 degrees clockwise (in the direction of arrow 26) with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes, and the common electrode substrate 28 is rubbed. Shows the case where the rubbing is performed 90 degrees counterclockwise 36 with respect to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate, and the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes. A reverse tilt domain is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b).

 In the example shown in FIG. 6 (D), the pixel electrode substrate 27 rubs clockwise (in the direction of arrow 26) by 135 degrees with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes, and the common electrode substrate 28 Shows the case where rubbing is performed 90 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate 36, and the rubbing direction of the pixel electrode substrate with respect to the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes. Reverse tilt domains are generated at the ends of the 26 pixel electrodes 18 (b).

 In the example shown in FIG. 6 (E), the pixel electrode substrate 27 is 180 degrees clockwise (in the direction of arrow 26) with respect to the rubbing direction of the pixel electrode substrate in the example shown in FIG. 6 (A). The rubbing is performed in the direction of 90 ° counterclockwise with respect to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate, and the common electrode substrate 28 is rubbed in the counterclockwise direction 36. A reverse tilt domain occurs at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (a) on the right side of the pixel electrode substrate in the rubbing direction 26 with respect to 4.

 It can be seen from these results that a reverse tilt domain is easily generated in a direction 38 between the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate and a direction opposite to the rubbing direction 36 of the common electrode substrate.

In the example shown in FIG. 6 (D), the direction 38 in which the reverse tilt domain is likely to occur is oriented in the direction of the center line 34 between the pixel electrodes. It seems that the reverse tilt domain hardly occurs on both sides of the electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b), but the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate faces the direction of the pixel electrode 18 (b). Therefore, a reverse tilt domain is generated in the pixel electrode 18 (b).

 This is because, as the direction 44 of the liquid crystal molecules 23 goes from the pixel electrode substrate 27 to the common electrode substrate 28, the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate is opposite to the rubbing direction 36 of the common electrode substrate. This is due to the spiral structure that rotates toward. That is, the direction 44 of the liquid crystal molecules at a position slightly above the pixel electrode substrate 27 is in a direction close to the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate, and is directed to the pixel electrode on the rubbing direction 26 side of the pixel electrode substrate. Reverse tilt domains are more likely to occur.

 However, the size of the occurrence of the reverse tilt domain is smallest in the example shown in Fig. 6 (D).

 Therefore, in the present invention, the reverse tilt domain can be brought closer to the pixel electrode center 34 by shifting the center of the common electrode absence part 33 in the rubbing direction 26 of the pixel electrode substrate.

 Note that the rubbing direction on the pixel electrode substrate 27 and the common electrode substrate 28 side can be specified by examining the tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer in contact with the lower alignment film 21 and the upper alignment film 22. That is, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle with respect to each substrate is the direction in which the rubbing process is performed.

 A definitive method for measuring tilt angle is the crystal mouth-tissue method.

 In the present invention, the reverse tilt domain can be further reduced by using a spontaneous helical pitch of the liquid crystal layer that is 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, which is shorter than before.

Twisted nematic liquid crystal has a pixel electrode base as described in Fig. 6. The liquid crystal molecules 23 have a helical structure in which the orientation direction 44 of the liquid crystal molecules 23 rotates in a specific direction as the height from the plate 27 increases. The spiral structure of twisted nematic liquid crystal can also be formed by the rubbing directions 26, 36 of the pixel electrode substrate 27 and the common electrode substrate 28, but the liquid crystal layer is spontaneously formed by liquid crystal molecules 23 called a chiral agent. It can be formed by adding a substance that gives rotational force.

 Considering a sufficiently thick twisted nematic liquid crystal layer, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules 23 at a specific height from the pixel electrode substrate 27 is determined by the spontaneous rotational force of the liquid crystal molecules. This is the same as the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 23 near 27. The height of the liquid crystal molecules 23 from the pixel electrode substrate 27 at this time is the spontaneous spiral pitch.

 In the past, there was no recognition that the spontaneous spiral pitch had a large effect on the reverse tilt domain width, so the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer was 12 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in order to lower the driving voltage of the liquid crystal display panel. 15 to 15 times longer.

 FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the spontaneous spiral pitch and the width of the reverse tilt domain.

 The horizontal axis in Fig. 5 is the length of the spontaneous spiral pitch. The unit is z m. The vertical axis is the distance from the edge of the pixel electrode 18 in the J-B tilt domain to the boundary between the reverse tilt domain and the normal display area (discrimination line), that is, the width of the reverse tilt domain. It is. The unit is 〃 m. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display device whose reverse tilt domain was measured was 3 m1.

 As is clear from Fig. 5, the width of the reverse tilt domain can be reduced by reducing the spontaneous spiral pitch.

Therefore, in the present invention, the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is shorter than that of the conventional liquid crystal layer. The width of the reverse tilt domain was reduced by making it 10 times or less the thickness of the crystal layer.

 However, if the spontaneous spiral pitch is too small, it becomes difficult to control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 23 by the pixel electrode 18, so that the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is 6 to 1 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. A factor of 0 is optimal.

 It should be noted that Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. Hei 6-281959 and Hei 6-118447 describe that a slit is formed in a common electrode on a drain line of a thin film transistor. Since there is no idea to eliminate the reverse tilt domain at the electrode end, the configuration of the present invention in which the center of the portion where the common electrode electrode is absent is shifted from the center between adjacent pixel electrodes to the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs. Was not described at all. Further, the above prior art did not describe a liquid crystal display device in which the spontaneous spiral pitch was increased from 6 times to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.

 In addition, the configuration in which a slit is provided on the common electrode is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 9-1326381, 1989-111 and 411-1-1. As described in No. 7 4 4 82, the reverse tilt domain is not considered in any case, so the center of the portion where the common electrode is absent is more reverse tilt domain than the center between adjacent pixel electrodes. There is no description of a configuration in which the spontaneous helical pitch is shifted from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.

 [Brief description of drawings]

 FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device for explaining a basic configuration of the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is a plan view of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device for explaining a basic configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a state of an electric field of a liquid crystal display device employing the present invention. It is sectional drawing of a crystal display device.

 FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison between the liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied and the conventional liquid crystal display device in terms of light blocking ability near the region between pixel electrodes.

 FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the spontaneous spiral pitch and the width of the reverse tilt domain.

 6 (A) to 6 (E) are plan views of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device for explaining a direction in which a reverse tilt domain occurs. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a pixel portion of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 9 is a plan view of a display section of a liquid crystal display device showing the polarity of each pixel electrode in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

 FIG. 10 is a plan view of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

 FIG. 11 is a plan view of a display section of a liquid crystal display device showing the polarity of each pixel electrode in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is a plan view of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a pixel portion of a conventional liquid crystal display device. FIG. 14 is a plan view of a display section showing the polarity of each pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display device performing the line inversion drive.

 [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings described below, components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated. Embodiment 1

 FIG. 7 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa and line bb of FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the common electrode substrate 28 as viewed from above.

 The present embodiment is directed to the display device described in the liquid of the line inversion driving method described above with reference to FIG. 14, and the pixel electrode 18 (a) of one row and the pixel of the adjacent row are used. A liquid crystal display in which the polarity of electrode 18 (b) is inverted, and the common electrode

A slit-shaped electrode absent portion 33 is provided in the direction parallel to the scanning signal line (gate signal line) 8 in the direction 1, and the center of the electrode absent portion 33 is set to the center 3 between pixel electrodes parallel to the scanning signal line 8. 4 is shifted in the rubbing direction 26 on the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs, that is, on the pixel electrode substrate side. The slit-shaped electrode-free portion 33 is located in the pattern of the light shields 4 and 9 or

It is arranged in a pattern of a light shielding metal layer such as a capacitor electrode 4 formed on a thin film transistor substrate (pixel electrode substrate) 27.

 By providing the slit-shaped electrode absence portion 33 on the common electrode 31 as described above, the distribution of the equipotential lines 40 changes as described in FIG. 3, and as a result, FIG. As described above, the region of the reverse tilt 25 can be closer to the center 34 between the pixel electrodes than the conventional case.

 Therefore, the area where the reverse tilt domain 32 is hidden by the light shields 4 and 9 can be narrowed, so that the opening can be widened and a bright image display can be obtained.

 In addition, since the reverse tilt domain 32 is not generated in the region where light is transmitted, display contrast is not reduced due to light leakage or the like, and display quality can be improved.

In addition, since the electrode absent portion 33 is not in the light transmitting region, the display image quality does not deteriorate. Next, details of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 will be described. Reference numeral 27 in FIG. 8 denotes a pixel electrode substrate (TFT substrate, first substrate) made of a transparent insulator such as quartz glass or glass having a softening point of 1000 ° C. or less. 1 is a base film (first insulating _{film), S i 0 2, S} i N, a transparent insulating film such as _{Ta 2 0 5, AL 2 0} 3, an alkali component contained in the pixel electrode substrate is a liquid Akirachu (4) Provided to prevent leakage into the semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor. Reference numeral 2 denotes a first light-shielding film (backside light-shielding layer, TFT substrate light-shielding film), which comprises a light-shielding metal layer such as Cr, Al, Ta, and Mo, and a light-shielding insulating layer obtained by adding a dye or pigment to an insulating film. The semiconductor layer in the TFT channel is shielded from light to prevent TFT malfunction. 3 is a second insulating _{film, S i 0 2, S i} N, with Ta ₂ 0 _5, AL ₂ 0 ₃ transparent insulating film such as is provided with a TFT substrate light-shielding film 2 and the TFT for insulation . When the TFT substrate light-shielding film 2 is an insulating light-shielding film, the second insulating film 3 may not be provided. Reference numeral 4 denotes a first capacitor electrode (capacitor forming layer), which is formed of a metal layer such as Cr, A1, Ta, and Mo, and is one of the components of a storage capacitor 20 that holds the potential of the pixel electrode 18. The first capacitor electrode 4 also functions as a light-shielding film (second light-shielding film) of the TFT substrate 27, and also has a function of shielding the reverse tilt domain 32 and the common electrode absent portion 33 from light. 5 is a third insulation film, and functions as a dielectric of _{S i 0 2, S i N} , T a 2 0 5, AL 2 03 like the transparent insulating film or Rannahli, storage capacitor 20. Reference numeral 6 denotes a semiconductor layer, which functions as a channel layer of the TFT 19 and one electrode (second capacitor electrode) of the storage capacitor 20. As a material of the semiconductor layer 6, there can be used a polysilicon formed by a low pressure CVD method, a polysilicon formed by irradiating an amorphous silicon film with a laser beam, or an amorphous silicon film formed by a plasma CVD method. Reference numeral 7 denotes a gate insulating film (fourth insulating film) made of SiO ₂ , Si N, and the like, and functions as a dielectric of the storage capacitor 20 in addition to the gate insulating film of the TFT 19. 8 is a gate electrode layer, such as a polysilicon or metal layer. And a gate electrode of TFT 19, a gate wiring (scanning signal line), and the other electrode of the storage capacitor 20 (third capacitor electrode). Reference numeral 9 denotes a source / drain electrode layer, which is made of a metal layer such as Cr, A1, Ta, Mo, etc., and has a source electrode, a drain electrode, a video signal line (drain wiring), and a storage capacitor 20 of TFT 19. One electrode (the fourth capacitance electrode) is formed. Note that the relationship between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the TFT 19 originally changes depending on how voltage is applied, but in the following description, for convenience, the side connected to the video signal line is called the drain electrode, and the pixel electrode 1 The side connected to 8 will be referred to as the source electrode. 1 0 In the interlayer insulating film (the fifth insulating film), the _{S i 0 2, S i N} , consists _{T a 2 0 5, AL 2} 0 3 or the like transparent insulating film, the gate wiring 8 and the drain line 9 Acts as a dielectric for insulation and storage capacitance 20. 1 1 is an interlayer insulating film (the sixth insulating _{film), S i 0 2, S} i N, consists _{T a 2 0 5, AL 2} 0 3 or the like transparent insulating film, wiring layers 1 to be described later 2 and the drain electrode 9 and the gate wiring 8 are insulated. Reference numeral 12 denotes a wiring layer, which is formed of a conductive film such as Cr, AI, Ta, Mo, molybdenum silicide, and tungsten silicide, and electrically connects the source electrode 9 and the pixel electrode 18. The wiring layer 12 also functions as a light-shielding film (third light-shielding film) that shields the gap between the storage capacitor electrodes 4 and 9 and the gate wiring 8. Reference numeral 13 denotes an interlayer insulating film (seventh insulating film), which is made of SiO ₂ , and insulates the pixel electrode 18 (a) of an adjacent pixel from the wiring layer 12. Reference numeral 14 also denotes an interlayer insulating film (eighth insulating film) made of SiN, and insulates the pixel electrode 18 (a) of the adjacent pixel from the wiring layer 12. Reference numeral 15 denotes a flattening film (a ninth insulating film), which is a transparent insulating resin such as polyimide-epoxy, a photosensitive transparent organic film such as a photoresist, or a relatively thick Si 0 ₂ The pixel electrode 18 is made of a transparent inorganic insulating film such as a film or a sine film, and the surface on which the pixel electrode 18 is formed is made flat so that the electric field generated by the pixel electrode 18 becomes a uniform vertical electric field. 18 is the pixel electrode, I TO (indium tin It is made of a transparent conductive film such as oxide), and controls the alignment direction by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal molecules 23 to change the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer to display an image. In FIG. 7, 18 (b) shows one pixel electrode, and 18 (a) shows a pixel electrode adjacent in the vertical direction (y direction, column direction). Reference numeral 17 denotes a contact hole formed in each insulating film to connect between the electrodes. 17 (A) denotes the drain electrode 9 and the semiconductor layer 6, and 17 (D) denotes the source electrode 9 and the semiconductor layer 6, 1. 7 (B) is a contact hole connecting the source electrode 9 and the wiring layer 12, and 17 (C) is a contact hole connecting the wiring layer 12 and the pixel electrode 18. Reference numeral 21 denotes an alignment film (lower alignment film, first alignment film) provided on the TFT substrate 27, which is made of an organic film such as polyimide. The lower alignment film 21 is rubbed in the direction indicated by reference numeral 26 in FIG. Reference numeral 23 schematically depicts the state of the liquid crystal molecules. 24 is a tilt angle generated by the rubbing process 26 of the TFT substrate. Reference numeral 25 denotes a reverse tilt generated by a horizontal electric field between the adjacent pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b). Reference numeral 32 denotes an area where reverse tilt occurs, that is, a reverse tilt domain. 34 is a center line between adjacent pixel electrodes. Reference numeral 28 denotes a common electrode substrate (opposite substrate, second substrate) made of a transparent insulator such as glass or plastic. 29 is a light shielding film of the common electrode substrate (black matrix), hydrogenated and shielding metal film 1 such as C r and A, or an inorganic light-shielding film such as C r 0 _2, and a resin dye or pigment or carbon such Akuriru It is made of an organic light-shielding film to which light is applied, and shields the semiconductor layer 6 in the channel portion of the TFT from light, thereby preventing TFT operation. 30 insulating film (8 insulating _{film), S i 0 2, S} i N, T a 2 0 5, a transparent insulating film such as AL ₂ 0 _3, line insulation of the common electrode 31 and the black matrix It functions to prevent dyes, pigments, carbon, etc. in black matrix from entering the liquid crystal layer. Reference numeral 31 denotes a common electrode (opposite electrode), which functions as a transparent conductive film such as an ITO and generates a vertical electric field in the liquid crystal layer together with the pixel electrode 18. . Reference numeral 22 denotes an alignment film (upper alignment film, second alignment film) provided on the common electrode substrate 28, which is made of an organic film such as polyimide. The upper alignment film 22 is rubbed in the direction indicated by reference numeral 36 in FIG. Reference numeral 33 denotes an electrode absent portion provided on the common electrode 31. Reference numeral 35 denotes the center line of the common electrode absence part. The common electrode 31 is electrically connected in some places by a common electrode connection part 37 so as not to be electrically disconnected by the electrode absence part 33. In the common electrode connection part 37, the effect of narrowing the width of the reverse tilt domain is small, but in this embodiment, since the common electrode connection part 37 is provided on each drain line 9, the reverse tilt domain is The problem of light leakage does not occur because it is hidden by 9.

Referring to FIG. 7, the planar structure of this embodiment includes a plurality of scanning signal lines 8 extending in the horizontal direction (X direction, row direction) and a plurality of scanning signal lines 8 extending in the vertical direction (y direction, column direction). An active matrix configuration is provided in which a pixel including a thin film transistor 19 and a pixel electrode 18 is provided corresponding to a portion where the video signal line 9 intersects. Between one scanning signal line 8 and the adjacent scanning signal line 8, there are provided capacitance lines 4 and 8 extending in the same direction as the scanning signal line 8. The capacitor lines 4 and 8 form a storage capacitor 20 together with the pixel electrode 18 and the source electrode 9 and serve to hold the display voltage applied to the pixel electrode 18 for a certain period. A constant voltage is applied to the capacitance lines 4 and 8 from an external circuit, and in general, a voltage equivalent to that of the common electrode 31 is applied. As shown in Fig. 8, the vertical structure of the storage capacitor 20 is as follows: the first capacitance electrode (capacitance line) 4, the third insulation film 5, the second capacitance electrode (semiconductor layer) 6, the fourth insulation film (gate insulation). It has a multilayer structure consisting of a film 7, a third capacitor electrode (capacitance line) 8, a fifth insulating film (interlayer insulating film) 10, and a fourth capacitor electrode (source electrode) 9. Then, the first capacitance electrode 3 and the third capacitance electrode 8 are connected to the capacitance line, and the second capacitance electrode 6 and the fourth capacitance electrode 9 are connected to the pixel electrode 18 so that the pixel electrode 18 and the capacitance line 4 are connected. , With 8 A multilayer capacitive element is formed therebetween. In the present embodiment, since a large capacitance can be formed in a small area by forming the storage capacitor into a multilayer structure, each storage capacitor electrode 4, 6, 8, and 9 can be reduced, and the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved. Can be done. In particular, in a liquid crystal display device used in liquid crystal projectors and the like, in which the diagonal length of the display area is 5.08 cm or less (2 inches or less), the size of the pixel electrode becomes extremely small, so the storage capacitance is reduced. The use of a multi-layer structure is extremely effective for obtaining a bright image display. Similarly, a liquid crystal display device with a diagonal display area of 27.94 cm or less (11-inch or less) used in small notebooks and personal computers has a pixel count of 102 4 X In a high-definition low-temperature polysilicon TFT liquid crystal display device with a specification of 3 X 768 or more (XGA or more), the size of the pixel electrode becomes extremely small. Is particularly effective for increasing the number of pixels of the liquid crystal display device and increasing the definition.

 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the storage capacitor 20 is moved near the scanning signal line 8 in order to hide the reverse tilt domain. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the rubbing direction 26 on the TFT substrate side is directed 45 degrees to the lower left with respect to the center line of the scanning signal line 8. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 (D), a reverse tilt domain 32 is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) below the center 34 between the pixel electrodes. Therefore, by providing the storage capacitance element 20 at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (a) near the lower side of the scanning signal line 8, the capacitance electrodes 4 and 9 function as a light shielding film and the reverse tilt domain 3 2 The problem of light leakage does not occur.

Further, in the present embodiment, the elongated slit-shaped electrode-free portion 33 provided on the common electrode 31 along the scanning signal line 8 is located below the pixel electrode center 34, that is, the rubbing direction on the TFT substrate side. Since the reverse tilt domain 3 2 can be made smaller, the reverse tilt domain 3 Since 2 can be confined in the region where the capacitor electrodes 4 and 9 are provided, it is not necessary to increase the area of the capacitor electrodes 4 and 9 more than necessary, and the aperture ratio is further improved.

 Further, in the present embodiment, since the electrode absent portion 33 is provided in the region where the capacitor electrode 4 exists, the electrode absent portion 33 is not conspicuous and the display image quality is not degraded.

 Further, in the present embodiment, the gap between the capacitance electrodes 4 and 9, the scanning signal line 8, and the TFT substrate light-shielding film 2 is shielded by the wiring layer 12 made of the light-shielding metal layer, so that light leakage occurs between them. The contrast is improved without any. In the present embodiment, the reverse tilt domain 32 and the pixel electrode absent portion 33 are also shielded from light by the wiring layer 12.

 Further, in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 6 (D), the rubbing direction 26 on the TFT substrate side is provided 45 degrees to the lower left with respect to the center line of the scanning signal line 8, and The rubbing direction 36 on the electrode substrate side (the rubbing direction as viewed from above the common electrode substrate 28 of the liquid crystal display device) is provided 45 degrees to the lower right, so as shown in Fig. 6 (D). In addition, the width of the reverse tilt domain is minimized, and the aperture ratio is further improved.

 If rubbing is performed in the directions 26 and 32 shown in FIG. 7, a reverse tilt domain is likely to be generated between the pixel electrodes 18 adjacent in the row direction (the X direction and the horizontal direction). Since the line inversion driving method described with reference to FIG. 14 is used, the pixel electrodes 18 adjacent in the row direction have the same polarity, so the horizontal electric field component generated between the pixel electrodes 18 adjacent in the row direction. Is weak, and no reverse tilt domain occurs at the end of the pixel electrode 18 in the row direction.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the semiconductor layer 6 in the channel portion of the TFT is shielded from light by the drain signal line 9, so that the TF T does not malfunction due to external light.

 In the present embodiment, a storage capacitor type liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which the scanning signal line 8 and the capacitor lines 4 and 8 are provided separately is described as an example, but the present invention is directed to a storage capacitor type liquid crystal display device. The present invention is not limited to the display device, and can be applied to an additional capacitance type liquid crystal display device in which the scanning signal lines 8 of adjacent pixels and the capacitance lines 4 and 8 are integrally formed. In the additional capacitance type liquid crystal display device, since the scanning signal line 8 of the adjacent pixel is also used as the capacitance lines 4 and 8, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be further improved. However, the additional capacitance type liquid crystal display device has a disadvantage that the load of a driver for driving the scanning signal line 8 becomes heavy because the storage capacitor 20 is connected to the scanning signal line 8, and the scanning signal line 8 can be operated at high speed. The storage capacitor type is more advantageous for a high-definition liquid crystal display device that needs to be driven and has a large number of scanning lines.

 In the present embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the line inversion driving type liquid crystal display device, the noise component jumping into the pixel electrode 18 from the video signal line 9 via the parasitic capacitance is canceled by the polarity inversion of the video signal. A uniform image display can be obtained between pixels in different columns.

 In the present embodiment, the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is about 20 程度 m, which is 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The width of the reverse tilt domain can be reduced by about 0.8 ^ 10 as compared with the case of using about 60〃m, which is equivalent to about 15 times.

Further, in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the contact hole 17 (C) for connecting the pixel electrode 18 to the wiring 12 is provided apart from the edge of the pixel electrode 18, so that the contact hole The transverse electric field near 17 (C) is weakened, and the reverse tilt domain that occurs near the contact hole 17 (C) can be reduced. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 8, The cross-sectional shape of the pixel electrode 18 on the contact hole 17 (C) formed in the film 15 is not flat but deeper than other portions. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules on the contact hole 17 (C) are far from the common electrode 31 and are susceptible to the lateral electric field, and are liable to cause reverse tilt as shown at 23a. However, by providing a sufficient distance between the contact hole 17 (C) and the edge of the pixel electrode 18 and providing a flat portion of the pixel electrode 18 between the contact hole 17 (C) and the end face of the pixel electrode 18, Since the vertical portion of the pixel electrode 18 is close to the common electrode 31 and has a strong vertical electric field, the horizontal electric field can be weakened before reaching the contact hole 17 (C), and the reverse tilt near the contact hole 17 (C) can be reduced. Domains can be made smaller.

 Embodiment 2.

 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a column-by-column inversion drive type liquid crystal in which the polarity of the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b) is inverted for each column to drive the liquid crystal display device. It is an embodiment when the present invention is applied to a display device.

 FIG. 10 is a plan view of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The reference numerals are the same as those in FIG. 7 described in the first embodiment.

The present embodiment is characterized in that the electrode absent portion 33 provided on the common electrode 31 is provided in a slit shape along the video signal line 9. In the present embodiment, the rubbing direction 26 on the TFT substrate side is directed to the lower right direction by 45 degrees with respect to the center line of the scanning signal line 8, and the rubbing direction 36 on the common electrode substrate side is directed to the upper right direction by 45 degrees. I have. Accordingly, FIG. 6 (D) is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees, and a reverse tilt domain 32 is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) on the right side with respect to the center 34 between the pixel electrodes. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the center 35 of the common electrode absence part is shifted to the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs, that is, to the right side, from the center 34 between the pixel electrodes. As a result, the reverse tilt domain is moved toward the pixel electrode center 34 side. In this embodiment, the reverse tilt domain is shielded from light by the black matrix 29 provided on the common electrode substrate 28.

 Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the area to be shielded by the black matrix 29 can be reduced, so that the aperture ratio is improved.

 Further, in the present embodiment, the black matrix 29 shields the common electrode absent portion 33 from light, so that the common electrode absent portion 33 is inconspicuous and the display quality is improved. In the present embodiment, the capacitor 20 may be provided along the video signal line 9, and the reverse tilt domain generated along the video signal line 9 may be shielded by the capacitor 20.

 Further, in the present embodiment, since the slit 33 is provided along the video signal line on the common electrode 31, the connecting portion 37 electrically connecting the common electrode 31 is provided on the scanning signal line 8. Is provided.

 Further, in the present embodiment, as described in FIG. 6 (D), since the width of the reverse tilt domain is the smallest, the area to be shielded by the black matrix 29 is further reduced, the aperture ratio is improved, and the brightest image is obtained. The display is obtained.

 In the present embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the column-by-column inversion driving type liquid crystal display device, the noise component jumping into the pixel electrode 18 from the scanning signal line 8 via the parasitic capacitance is offset by the polarity inversion of the pixel electrode 18. Therefore, uniform image display can be obtained between pixels in different rows.

Also in the present embodiment, the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is about 20 2m, which is 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The width of the reverse tilt domain can be reduced by about 0.1 as compared with the case of using about 60 / zm which is twice to 15 times. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the contact hole 17 (C) for connecting the pixel electrode 18 to the wiring 12 is provided away from the edge of the pixel electrode 18, so that the contact hole 11 (C) is provided. The transverse electric field near (C) is weakened, and the reverse tilt domain generated near contact hole 17 (C) can be reduced.

 The configuration other than that described above is the same as that of the first embodiment described above.

 Embodiment 3.

 In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the polarity of the pixel electrodes 18 (a) and 18 (b) is inverted for each row, and the pixel electrodes 18 (b) and 18 ( This is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a so-called dot inversion drive type liquid crystal display device in which the polarity of c) is inverted to drive the liquid crystal display device.

 FIG. 12 is a plan view of a pixel portion of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The reference numerals are the same as those in FIG. 7 described in the first embodiment.

 In the present embodiment, the common electrode 31 is provided with a slit-shaped electrode absent portion 33 (a) along the scanning signal line 8 and a video signal line 9 with a slit-shaped electrode absent portion 33 (b). The feature is that it is provided.

In the present embodiment, the rubbing direction 26 on the TFT substrate side is directed to the lower right direction (direction in which the light shielding film 4 is provided) by 45 degrees with respect to the center line of the scanning signal line 8, and the rubbing direction 36 on the common electrode substrate side. Is directed to the upper right direction by 45 degrees (the direction in which the light shielding film 4 is not provided with respect to the center line of the scanning signal line 8). Accordingly, the center 34 between the pixel electrodes adjacent in the column direction has the same shape as that shown in FIG. 6 (B), and the reverse tilt is applied to the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) below the center 34 between the pixel electrodes. Domain 32 occurs. Therefore, in this embodiment, By shifting the center 35 of the common electrode absent portion extending in the direction to the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs, that is, to the lower side than the center 34 between the pixel electrodes, the reverse tilt domain is shifted to the pixel electrode center 34 side. It is approaching.

 Also in the present embodiment, the capacitive element 20 is provided on the scanning signal line 8 on the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs, and the reverse tilt domain is shielded from light.

 Further, in the present embodiment, the center 34 4 ′ between the pixel electrodes adjacent in the row direction has the same shape as that of FIG. 6D rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise. A reverse tilt domain 32 is generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) on the right side with respect to 4 ′. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the center 35 'of the common electrode absence part extending in the column direction is shifted to the side where the reverse tilt domain occurs, that is, to the right side, from the center 34' between the pixel electrodes, so that the reverse tilt domain is shifted. It is close to the pixel electrode center 34, side.

 In the present embodiment, the reverse tilt domain generated at the end of the pixel electrode 18 (b) along the video signal line 9 is shielded from light by a black matrix 29 extending along the video signal line 9. In the present embodiment, the capacitor 20 may be provided along the video signal line 9, and the reverse tilt domain generated along the video signal line 9 may be shielded by the capacitor 20.

 Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the area for shielding the reverse tilt domain with the capacitive element 20 and the black matrix 29 can be reduced, and the aperture ratio is improved.

 Further, in the present embodiment, since the common electrode non-existing portions 3 3 (a) and 33 (b) are shielded from light by the capacitive element 20 and the black matrix 29, the common electrode non-existing portions are inconspicuous, and the display image quality is reduced. Is improved.

Also, in the present embodiment, the slits 33 (a) and 33 (b) are provided along the scanning signal line 8 and the video signal line 9 on the common electrode 31. A connection portion 37 for electrically connecting the electrodes 31 is provided on the scanning signal line 8 and the video signal line.

 Further, in the present embodiment, as described with reference to FIG. 6 (D), the width of the reverse tilt domain generated along the video signal line 9 is the smallest, so that the area shielded by the black matrix 29 is smaller. The aperture ratio is improved, and the brightest image display is obtained.

 In the present embodiment, the width of the reverse tilt domain generated along the scanning signal line 8 is not minimum, but generally, the interval between the video signal lines 9 is narrower than the interval between the scanning signal lines 8. (For example, in the case of color pixels, R, G, and B pixels are arranged in the row direction to make one pixel.) Therefore, it is better to minimize the width of the reverse tilt domain generated along the video signal line 9. The definition of the liquid crystal display device can be increased.

 In the present embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the dot inversion driving type liquid crystal display device, the noise component that jumps from the video signal line 9 to the pixel electrode 18 through the parasitic capacitance of the video signal line 9 and the pixel electrode 18 is: The signal is canceled by the reversal of the polarity of the video signal.

The noise component that jumps into the pixel electrode 18 from 8 is canceled by the polarity inversion of the pixel electrode 18, so that a uniform image display can be obtained between pixels in different rows and columns, and the most uniform display image can be obtained. Are better.

 However, in a liquid crystal display device having a very small pixel size of 2 inches or less, the first embodiment described above does not generate a reverse chinoreto domain along the video signal line 9, so that the video signal line 9 This is advantageous because the distance between the two can be minimized.

Also in the present embodiment, the spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is about 20 2m, which is 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Use of about 60 m, which is double to 15 times Compared with the case, the width of the reverse tilt domain can be reduced by about 0.1.

 Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the contact hole 17 (C) for connecting the pixel electrode 18 to the wiring 12 is provided away from the edge of the pixel electrode 18, so that the contact The transverse electric field near the contact hole 17 (C) is weakened, and the reverse tilt domain generated near the contact hole 17 (C) can be reduced.

 The configuration other than that described above is the same as that of the first embodiment described above.

 [Industrial applicability]

 The present invention reduces the width of a reverse tilt domain generated at the edge of a pixel electrode of a liquid crystal display device, prevents light leakage, improves display contrast, and reduces the light blocking width of the reverse tilt domain to increase the aperture ratio. It is possible to improve the brightness and obtain a display image, which is a practical possibility.

Claims

The scope of the claims  1. First and second electrodes provided at intervals on a first substrate made of a transparent insulator, and rubbed in a first direction provided on the first and second electrodes. A first alignment film, a common electrode provided on a second substrate made of a transparent insulator, and a second electrode provided on the common electrode and subjected to a rubbing process in a second direction different from the first direction. An alignment film, wherein the first and second electrodes and the common electrode face each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and an electrode-free portion is provided on the common electrode corresponding to a distance between the first and second electrodes. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the center of the electrode-absent portion is shifted in the rubbing direction of the first alignment film from the center of the interval between the first and second electrodes. 2. The liquid crystal according to claim 1, wherein a light-shielding film is provided on the first substrate, the second substrate, or both of them, so as to cover the portion where the common electrode is absent. 3. The first and second electrodes are each provided with a storage capacitor electrically connected to the first and second electrodes, and at least one of the electrodes of the storage capacitor is a light-shielding conductive film. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the non-existent portion of the common electrode is shielded from light by the storage capacitor.  4. The liquid crystal layer according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is made of a twisted nematic liquid crystal, and a spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is set to 6 to 10 times a thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Liquid crystal display device. 5. A switching element for selecting the first and second electrodes is provided on each of the first and second electrodes via an insulating layer, and the first and second electrodes are connected to the first and second electrodes via the insulating layer. Contact holes for connecting the respective switching elements are provided, and the contact holes of the first and second electrodes are provided. The flat portion where the first and second electrodes are always provided between the portion corresponding to the through hole and the electrode end of the first and second electrodes, respectively. Liquid crystal display device.  6. A plurality of scanning signal lines extending in a row direction and a plurality of video signal lines extending in a column direction are provided on a first substrate made of an insulator, and the scanning signal lines intersect with the video signal lines. A plurality of pixels comprising a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor corresponding to the portion, the first substrate being subjected to a rubbing treatment in a first direction, a common electrode being provided on a second substrate made of an insulator, The second substrate is subjected to a rubbing treatment in a second direction, and the first substrate and the second substrate are provided to face each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween,  Display voltages of different polarities are applied to the pixel electrode of one row and the pixel electrode of the next row based on the common electrode.  A common electrode absence portion extending along the scanning signal line corresponding to a gap between the pixel electrodes in the first three rows and the pixel electrodes in an adjacent row;  A liquid crystal display device, wherein a center of the common electrode absence portion is shifted in a rubbing direction of the first substrate from a center of a gap between a pixel electrode in one row and a pixel electrode in an adjacent row.  7. The liquid crystal according to claim 6, wherein a light-shielding film is provided on the first substrate, the second substrate, or both, to cover the portion where the common electrode is absent. 8. Each of the pixel electrodes is provided with a storage capacitor electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and at least one of the electrodes of the storage capacitor is formed of a light-shielding conductive film. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the portion where the common electrode is absent is shielded by light. 9. The liquid crystal layer is made of twisted nematic liquid crystal, 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the spontaneous spiral pitch of the layer is set to 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.  10. An insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode and the thin film transistor, and a contact hole for connecting the pixel electrode and the thin film transistor is provided in the insulating layer. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding portion is provided away from an edge of the pixel electrode until a flat portion of the pixel electrode exists between the edge of the pixel electrode and the edge of the pixel electrode.  1 1. Display voltages of different polarities are applied to the pixel electrode of one column and the pixel electrode of the next column based on the common electrode.  A second common electrode absent portion extending along the video signal line corresponding to a gap between the pixel electrode in one column and the pixel electrode in an adjacent column,  The center of the second common electrode absent portion is shifted in the rubbing direction of the first substrate from the center of the gap between the pixel electrode in one column and the pixel electrode in an adjacent column. Item 7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 6.  1 2. A plurality of pixels each composed of a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor are arranged in a row direction and a column direction on a transparent first substrate, and a plurality of scanning signal lines extending in the row direction and arranged corresponding to each pixel are provided. And a plurality of video signal lines extending in the column direction and arranged corresponding to each pixel,  A common electrode is provided on a transparent second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate are provided to face each other with a liquid crystal layer therebetween,  The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer near the first substrate have a tilt angle in a first direction with respect to a main surface of the first substrate, The liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate have a tilt angle in the second direction with respect to the main surface of the first substrate, Display voltages of different polarities are applied to the pixel electrode of one column and the pixel electrode of the adjacent column based on the common electrode,  A first common electrode absent portion extending along the video signal line corresponding to a gap between the pixel electrode in one column and the pixel electrode in an adjacent column,  A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the center of the first common electrode absent portion is shifted in the first direction from the center of the gap between the pixel electrode in one column and the pixel electrode in an adjacent column.  13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein a light-shielding film that covers the first common electrode-free portion is provided on the first substrate, the second substrate, or both.  14. Each of the pixel electrodes is provided with a storage capacitor electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and at least one of the electrodes of the storage capacitor is formed of a light-shielding conductive film. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the first common electrode absent portion is shielded from light by an element.  1 5 .—Display voltages of different polarities are applied to the pixel electrode of one row and the pixel electrode of the next row based on the common electrode.  A second common electrode absent portion extending along the scanning signal line corresponding to a gap between the pixel electrode in one row and the pixel electrode in an adjacent row,  The center of the second common electrode absent portion is shifted in the first direction from the center of the gap between the pixel electrode in one row and the pixel electrode in an adjacent row. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to 1. 16. A light-shielding film provided on the first substrate and / or the second substrate, or both, to cover the first and second common electrode absent portions. Item 16. A liquid crystal display device according to item 15.  17. Each of the pixel electrodes is provided with a storage capacitor element electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and at least one of the electrodes of the storage capacitor element is formed of a light-shielding conductive film. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein the first and second common electrode absent portions are shielded from light by an element.  18. The liquid crystal layer is made of a twisted nematic liquid crystal, and a spontaneous spiral pitch of the liquid crystal layer is set to 6 to 10 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to item 15.  19. An insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode and the thin film transistor, and a contact hole for connecting the pixel electrode and the thin film transistor is provided in the insulating layer. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein a flat portion of the pixel electrode exists between a corresponding portion and an edge of the pixel electrode.  20. First and second electrodes provided on a first substrate made of a transparent insulator with a gap, a first alignment film provided on the first and second electrodes, and a transparent insulating material A common electrode provided on a second substrate made of a material, and a second alignment film provided on the common electrode. The first and second electrodes and the common electrode are interposed via a liquid crystal layer. Opposite  The first alignment film is subjected to a rubbing process on a main surface of the first substrate in a first direction in which a gap between the first and second electrodes extends, and the second alignment film is A rubbing process is performed in a second direction different from the first direction, Corresponding to the gap between the first and second electrodes, an electrode-absent portion is provided on the common electrode, and the center of the electrode-absent portion is closer to the first substrate than the center of the gap between the first and second electrodes. Note that the main surface is shifted in the second direction. Liquid crystal display device.