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WO2001067976A1 - Instrument d'electrochirurgie a surface d'electrode reduite - Google Patents

Instrument d'electrochirurgie a surface d'electrode reduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001067976A1
WO2001067976A1 PCT/EP2001/002878 EP0102878W WO0167976A1 WO 2001067976 A1 WO2001067976 A1 WO 2001067976A1 EP 0102878 W EP0102878 W EP 0102878W WO 0167976 A1 WO0167976 A1 WO 0167976A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrosurgical instrument
instrument according
openings
micro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/002878
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Herbert Maslanka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10028413.2A external-priority patent/DE10028413B4/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU42460/01A priority Critical patent/AU4246001A/en
Publication of WO2001067976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001067976A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1407—Loop
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1407—Loop
    • A61B2018/141—Snare

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrosurgical instrument and a method for its production.
  • An electrosurgical instrument in the form of a high-frequency surgical, monopolar-connected loop electrode is known from German patent specification 21 32 808 and is often used as an additional device for endoscopes in order to remove growths, for example gastric and intestinal polyps. This is done by separating the growths by pulling in the loop electrode connected to a power source via the electrode lead by means of electrotomy.
  • the known loop electrode type has two loop sections which merge integrally into one another at the electrode tip.
  • a semicircular bend is provided at the area of the electrode tip, which ensures that the loop sections are spread open when they are pushed out of the tube and that they are drawn into the tube.
  • an electrosurgical instrument operated with high-frequency energy which is used for cutting structures in human body cavities.
  • This instrument comprises a metal cable consisting of an arcuate actuation wire and a straight cutting wire.
  • An insulating sheathing is provided on the actuating wire, which prevents adjacent tissue from being injured or accidentally cut during the cutting process.
  • the current strength provided by the energy source is often not sufficient to heat the tissue in order to carry out a clean, bleeding-free coagulation cut with the loop electrode.
  • the separation process is completed by the growth that is to be separated being plucked off by pulling the loop electrode into the tube and consequently by the pinching effect of the loop sections associated with the reduction in the area spanned by the loop electrode.
  • the use of stronger energy sources stands in the way of economic aspects with regard to the manufacture of the electrosurgical instrument.
  • Loop electrodes which are provided with an insulating jacket to reduce the effective electrode area in some areas, are known from US Pat. Nos. 5,318,564 and 5,078,716. Loop electrodes of this type limit the electrode area, so that on the one hand it is possible to work with a reduced current or voltage and on the other hand the risk of tissue being inadvertently injured is reduced.
  • a rod-shaped electrosurgical electrode is known from German utility model DE 94 90 477 U 1 (W096 / 1 9739), which, apart from its electrode tip, is coated with a material that is both electrically and thermally insulating, for example made of plastic or ceramic. Electrical insulation reduces the risk of unintentional injuries, and the thermal insulation properties reduce the tendency of the electrode to crust when the tissue is electrosurgically coagulated.
  • the sheath is additionally provided with openings in the area of the tip, which expose the conductive surface of the electrode. It is an object of the invention to provide an electrosurgical instrument which manages with reduced electrical energy both in terms of its coagulation properties and in terms of its tissue cutting properties.
  • the invention is based on an electrosurgical instrument which comprises an electrode connected to an end of an electrode lead near the patient with an electrically conductive electrode core made of metal and an insulating jacket which partially covers the surface of the electrode core that can be used electrosurgery and is made of a material exists, the electrical conductivity of which is many times lower than the electrical conductivity of the electrode core.
  • the improvement according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating sheath contains at least in a partial area of the surface of the electrode core that can be used electrosurgically, a multiplicity of micro-openings completely penetrating the insulating sheath.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that different high-frequency voltages or currents are set on the high-frequency generator feeding the electrode of the instrument for the coagulation of the tissue on the one hand and the cutting of the tissue on the other hand.
  • a lower electrical power is generally required for the coagulation, since the coagulation effect occurs due to the heating of the tissue.
  • the high-frequency power is increased to such an extent that the electrode generates a plasma arc towards the tissue.
  • the capacitive coupling of the electrode to the tissue is sufficient in individual cases to maintain a sufficiently high high-frequency coagulation current, even if the conductivity of the insulating jacket should be very low.
  • the micro-openings provide non-insulated areas in the insulating jacket that are used in the high-frequency plasma cutting of the tissue form plasma channels in which an arc can burn. Since these are micro-openings, the effective electrode area is relatively small and the high-frequency electrical power is concentrated on the total cross-sectional area of the micro-openings. The tissue can therefore be cut with comparatively low radio frequency power.
  • the microperforation of the insulating jacket also improves the coagulation effect of the electrode, expediently at least the part of the insulating jacket containing the micro-openings in order to increase the electrical conductivity of its base material acting as an electrical insulator, for example made of plastic or ceramic, electrically conductive particles, for example Can contain carbon particles (soot) or metal particles (metal powder).
  • electrically conductive particles for example Can contain carbon particles (soot) or metal particles (metal powder).
  • the electrode surface is preferably reduced by approximately 50% to approximately 99%, preferably by approximately 70% to 99%, by the insulating jacket.
  • the width of the openings corresponding to the average diameter, if the openings are approximately the same width as long or the width of elongated gap-shaped openings, can be 0.005 to 1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mm, or the 0, 01 to 50 times, preferably 1, 1 to 10 times, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 times the average thickness of the insulating jacket.
  • the layer thickness of the insulating jacket is preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mm, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.1 2 mm.
  • the micro-openings in the insulating jacket can be made in different ways.
  • the insulating material layer can first be applied to the closed surface and the openings subsequently made in a precisely predetermined form, in particular mechanically or by exposure to radiation, for example by means of a laser.
  • photolithographic Fish techniques come into consideration.
  • a further possibility for producing the openings is that rings of insulating material are placed one behind the other on the electrode core, so that gaps remain between the rings, which then form the openings which leave the effective electrode surface open.
  • the rings can be formed from heat-shrinkable material, which have shrunk after being placed on the electrode core.
  • the insulating jacket can be sprayed, sputtered, painted, extruded or applied by dipping on the electrode core.
  • the insulating jacket can be sprayed, sputtered, painted, extruded or applied by dipping on the electrode core.
  • the insulating jacket can be formed from lacquers, polyamides, polyimides or a fluoroplastic, in particular from FEP, ETFE, ETCFE, PCTFE, PEEK, PTFE, preferably MFA, PFA, FEP or a mixture of at least two of these materials.
  • electrically conductive particles such as carbon black or metal powder, can also be mixed in to increase the conductivity.
  • the electrode configuration according to the invention is suitable for a large number of electrode shapes, including the loop electrodes mentioned above, but solid electrode bodies are also possible, in particular balls with a diameter of, for example, 1 to 5 mm or knife-like bodies, preferably with a length of 1 to 15 mm (scalpel-like instruments), or elongated, approximately rod-shaped bodies, or also flattened bodies, approximately rounded at the periphery.
  • solid electrode bodies are also possible, in particular balls with a diameter of, for example, 1 to 5 mm or knife-like bodies, preferably with a length of 1 to 15 mm (scalpel-like instruments), or elongated, approximately rod-shaped bodies, or also flattened bodies, approximately rounded at the periphery.
  • the electrode can also be divided into a pair of electrodes that can be moved towards one another in the manner of pliers.
  • the instrument can be used for external use, in which case the electrode can be connected to an insulating grip part via an insulating, elongated neck, or for endoscopic use, in which case the covered neck can be designed as a rigid or flexible rod.
  • the preferred application is in monopolar electrodes, in which the electrode forms one pole and the patient's body the other.
  • the electrode core can also be divided into two or more differently polarized sections for bipolar operation.
  • the coagulation properties can be improved the greater the area covered by the insulating jacket, i.e. the larger the electro-surgical instrument is.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the loop electrode side
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view according to section line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a variant of the instrument of Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1, but in which the insulation openings are formed by cracks;
  • Figure 5 shows an instrument similar to Figure 1, but with annular gap
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view according to section line VI-VI in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view along section line VII-VII in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 shows a view of a spherical electrode head of an electrosurgical instrument according to a further embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a view of a knife-like electrode head of an electrosurgical instrument according to yet another embodiment
  • FIG. 10a shows a side view of a forceps-like electrode head of an electrosurgical instrument according to yet another embodiment
  • FIG. 10b shows a view according to arrow X in FIG. 10a.
  • the part of an electrosurgical instrument 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a flexible and externally insulating tube 3, which is made of poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene.
  • the tube 3 can also be made from a rigid insulating material.
  • a flexible electrode lead 5 is slidably guided, which is coupled at its end remote from the patient to an actuating device (not shown) and is electrically connected to an energy source (not shown).
  • the electrode lead 5 can also be rigid.
  • the end 6 of the electrode lead 5 near the patient carries a loop electrode 7 symmetrical to the tube axis, with two loop sections 9 and 11 extending between the end 6 of the loop electrode 7 remote from the patient and an electrode tip remote from the electrode lead 5.
  • the loop electrode 7 can be displaced relative to the tube 3 by means of the actuating device (not shown) and the electrode feed line 5 coupled to the latter so that its loop line sections 9, 1 1 to grasp the growth to be removed of the patient to be treated (not shown) resiliently spread as soon as they are pushed out of the tube 3, and they are completely retractable into the tube 3 to carry out the coagulation process.
  • the loop electrode 7 can assume other loop shapes in addition to the shape shown in FIG.
  • a hexagonal loop shape (not shown) or a loop shape (not shown) angled to the longitudinal axis of the part of the electrode lead 5 near the patient which is used advantageously in the cutting of difficult-to-reach growths.
  • the loop sections 9, 11 span a flat loop plane, the longitudinal axis of the part of the electrode lead 5 near the patient lying in the loop plane.
  • the position of the loop plane does not essentially change with respect to the part of the electrode lead 5 near the patient when the loop sections 9, 11 are drawn in.
  • the loop sections 9, 11 are attached to the end 6 of the electrode lead 5 remote from the patient by means of a metal sleeve 13 and electrically coupled to the latter.
  • the patient-oriented ends of the loop sections 9, 11 merge integrally into one another.
  • the structure of the loop sections 9, 1 1 is clear from Figures 2 and 3.
  • the loop electrode 7 is formed by a wire cable 1 5 carrying the electrical current, which has a (1 ⁇ 4) strand structure. Other strand structures (1 x7, 3x7, 1 x9) can also be used.
  • the wire rope 1 5 is completely surrounded by an insulating jacket 1 9 (see FIG. 2) except for an effective electrode surface 1 7.
  • the effective electrode area that is to say the surface sections 1 7 of the wire rope 1 5 exposed to the outside, is limited by a plurality of continuous micro-openings 23 in the insulating sheath 19 distributed over the loop 7.
  • the openings 23 are here, at least on average, approximately as wide as they are long.
  • the distribution density of the openings 23 can be uniform over the entire loop 7 or can be denser at the actual cutting area of the loop, namely the tip 21, than at the remaining loop sections 9 and 11.
  • the openings can also be provided only in the area of the tip 21 and / or predominantly on the inside of the loop, while the insulation remains completely closed on the remaining loop areas.
  • the outward-facing surface of the wire 15 is reduced by approximately 50%, preferably 70 to 80%, by the insulating sheath between the openings 23.
  • the openings can be substantially as long as they are wide, for example approximately circular or polygonal, or they can also be elongated, with a middle one Opening diameter or average gap width from 0.005 to 0.5 mm.
  • the layer thickness of the insulating sheath on the wires 1 5 outside the groove 29 is approximately 0.02 to 0.3 mm.
  • the insulating jacket can be sprayed on from plastic, optionally subsequently heat-treated (sintered) at a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C., in particular in the case of PTFE, or also by immersion treatment. In the case of non-area-wide spraying, the remaining gaps form the openings 23.
  • Preferred insulating materials are fluoroplastics, such as FEP, PFA (which is particularly easy to spray and highly sticky), or PEEK, polyimides and others.
  • the insulating sheath can be made of an electrically essentially completely insulating material, so that at low high-frequency currents the capacitive portion of the load resistance formed by the electrode reaches a remarkable size, albeit depending on the size of the micro-openings or that in the micro-openings exposed electrode surface flowing high frequency current contributes to the coagulation effect.
  • the effective electrode area reduced to the total area of the micro-openings ensures that even with a comparatively low high-frequency power of the generator, plasma arcs can form in the micro-openings.
  • the electrode is therefore equally suitable for coagulation as well as for plasma cutting of tissue.
  • FIG. 3 shows a construction variant in the manner of a papillotome, in which an electrode wire 7a is stretched between the free end of an arc 31 held on a tube or free handle 3a.
  • FIG. 4 shows the tip 25 of a loop electrode similar to that of FIG. 1, but in a variant in which the wire 15 is coated with a hardenable plastic or lacquer in a densely insulating manner before it is deformed. After the insulating sheath has hardened, the wire 15 is deformed, for example bent and stretched, micro-openings in the form of jumps 23 'being formed in the relatively hard insulating sheath, which then define the effective electrode area.
  • the direction of bending or deformation for producing the jumps 23 ' can coincide with the direction of deformation for obtaining the ready-to-use electrode loop, but can also be different, as a result of which the direction and orientation of the jumps 23' - towards the inside or outside of the loop - to be able to control, such that the jumps are at least predominantly on the inside of the loop.
  • FIG. 5 shows an instrument similar to FIG. 1, but the insulating sheath 19 is formed from a large number of heat-shrinkable tube sections 19 ", one behind the other and then heat-shrunk, between the ends of one another Micro-openings in the form of columns 23 "in which the wire 15 is exposed, so that the column 23" defines the effective electrode areas (cf. FIG. 7).
  • the gap density can be constant over the loop length or can also be variable, in particular in the area the tip 21 is denser than on the remaining loop sections 9, 11.
  • the structure of this electrode also corresponds to the electrode of FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the associated description.
  • FIG. 8 shows a rigid electrosurgical instrument with a spherical electrode 41 which is attached to the free end of an insulated rod-shaped neck 43.
  • the neck 43 is attached to a handle 45.
  • the electrode lead 5 leads away from the rear end of the handle.
  • the electrode 41 has a diameter of approximately 1 to 5 mm and is used for hemostasis, desolation of tissue, removal of warts etc.
  • the insulating sheath of the ball and the micro-openings 23 therein correspond to the embodiment in FIG. 1. Reference is made to the associated description.
  • FIG. 9 shows an instrument similar to FIG. 8, but with a knife-like or scalpel-like electrode 41 'with a length of 1 to 15 mm.
  • the neck 43, the handle 45 and the electrode lead 5 correspond to FIG. 8.
  • electrode shapes are also possible. such as spoon-shaped, rod-shaped or rigid ring-shaped electrodes.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show a forceps-like electrosurgical instrument, the electrode 51 of which is divided into two electrode tongs 53, 55 which are resiliently tensioned away from one another and enlarged at the end.
  • the two pliers 53, 55 can be electrically connected to one another for monopolar operation, or electrically separated for bipolar operation.
  • the handle and the electrode feed correspond to Figure 8.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un instrument d'électrochirurgie, comprenant une électrode (7) reliée à l'extrémité d'une conduite d'alimentation (5) qui est appliquée sur le patient, cette électrode comportant un noyau d'électrode (15) conducteur et une enveloppe (19) isolante recouvrant partiellement l'électrode (15). L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'au moins sur une zone partielle (21) du noyau d'électrode (15), la surface (17) d'électrode libre est réduite par une section de l'enveloppe (19) isolante qui comprend une multitude de micro-ouvertures (23).
PCT/EP2001/002878 2000-03-14 2001-03-14 Instrument d'electrochirurgie a surface d'electrode reduite Ceased WO2001067976A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU42460/01A AU4246001A (en) 2000-03-14 2001-03-14 Electrosurgical instrument comprising a reduced electrode surface area

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10012282.5 2000-03-14
DE10012282 2000-03-14
DE10028413.2A DE10028413B4 (de) 2000-03-14 2000-06-08 Elektrochirurgisches Instrument mit reduzierter Elektrodenfläche
DE10028413.2 2000-06-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001067976A1 true WO2001067976A1 (fr) 2001-09-20

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PCT/EP2001/002878 Ceased WO2001067976A1 (fr) 2000-03-14 2001-03-14 Instrument d'electrochirurgie a surface d'electrode reduite

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU4246001A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001067976A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2129314A4 (fr) * 2007-02-26 2010-09-08 Cithara Endoscopy Inc Dispositif pour tissu de résection
WO2019142396A1 (fr) * 2018-01-19 2019-07-25 オリンパス株式会社 Électrode haute fréquence et instrument d'incision haute fréquence

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2132808B2 (de) 1971-07-01 1977-08-18 Deyhle, Peter, Dr.med., 8520 Erlangen; Seuberth, Kurt, 8550 Forchheim Vorrichtung zum diathermischen abtragen von wucherungen
DE2808546A1 (de) 1977-02-28 1978-08-31 Olympus Optical Co Elektro-chirugisches instrument
US5078716A (en) 1990-05-11 1992-01-07 Doll Larry F Electrosurgical apparatus for resecting abnormal protruding growth
US5151102A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-09-29 Kyocera Corporation Blood vessel coagulation/stanching device
US5318564A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-06-07 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Bipolar surgical snare and methods of use
US5382247A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-01-17 Valleylab Inc. Technique for electrosurgical tips and method of manufacture and use
WO1996019739A2 (fr) 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Karo Bio Ab Dispositif de dosage
US5713895A (en) * 1994-12-30 1998-02-03 Valleylab Inc Partially coated electrodes
WO2001008577A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh Electrode permettant de couper un tissu biologique

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2132808B2 (de) 1971-07-01 1977-08-18 Deyhle, Peter, Dr.med., 8520 Erlangen; Seuberth, Kurt, 8550 Forchheim Vorrichtung zum diathermischen abtragen von wucherungen
DE2808546A1 (de) 1977-02-28 1978-08-31 Olympus Optical Co Elektro-chirugisches instrument
US5151102A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-09-29 Kyocera Corporation Blood vessel coagulation/stanching device
US5078716A (en) 1990-05-11 1992-01-07 Doll Larry F Electrosurgical apparatus for resecting abnormal protruding growth
US5318564A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-06-07 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Bipolar surgical snare and methods of use
US5382247A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-01-17 Valleylab Inc. Technique for electrosurgical tips and method of manufacture and use
DE9490477U1 (de) 1994-01-21 1996-09-12 Valleylab, Inc., Boulder, Col. Elektrochirurgische Spitzen
WO1996019739A2 (fr) 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Karo Bio Ab Dispositif de dosage
US5713895A (en) * 1994-12-30 1998-02-03 Valleylab Inc Partially coated electrodes
WO2001008577A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh Electrode permettant de couper un tissu biologique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2129314A4 (fr) * 2007-02-26 2010-09-08 Cithara Endoscopy Inc Dispositif pour tissu de résection
WO2019142396A1 (fr) * 2018-01-19 2019-07-25 オリンパス株式会社 Électrode haute fréquence et instrument d'incision haute fréquence

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4246001A (en) 2001-09-24

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