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WO2001065068A1 - Commande de production de gisements - Google Patents

Commande de production de gisements Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001065068A1
WO2001065068A1 PCT/US2001/006985 US0106985W WO0165068A1 WO 2001065068 A1 WO2001065068 A1 WO 2001065068A1 US 0106985 W US0106985 W US 0106985W WO 0165068 A1 WO0165068 A1 WO 0165068A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
downhole
data
reservoir
central computer
control system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2001/006985
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Michele Hirsch
George Leo Stegemeier
Harold J. Vinegar
Robert Rex Burnett
William Mountjoy Savage
Frederick Gordon Carl, Jr.
James William Hall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Canada Ltd
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Canada Ltd
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Canada Ltd, Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV, Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Canada Ltd
Priority to AU2001247276A priority Critical patent/AU2001247276A1/en
Priority to NZ521120A priority patent/NZ521120A/en
Priority to US10/220,254 priority patent/US7259688B2/en
Priority to GB0220345A priority patent/GB2376967B/en
Priority to CA002401734A priority patent/CA2401734C/fr
Publication of WO2001065068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001065068A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/003Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/066Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells electrically actuated
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/16Control means therefor being outside the borehole
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/122Gas lift
    • E21B43/123Gas lift valves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to reservoir optimization and more specifically to petroleum wells having downhole independently addressable wireless measurement and control devices that communicate with surface power and telemetry devices such that production from individual zones within individual wells may be coordinated to optimize overall reservoir production.
  • Oil and gas reservoirs are extensive three-dimensional subsurface geological structures whose fluid contents are produced through arrays of wells which withdraw fluids from the reservoir only at points where the wells pass through the producing zones. As fluids are withdrawn at the wells, pressure differentials develop within the reservoir which in turn create displacement of fluids from more distant reservoir regions towards the producing wells. To assist in sweeping desired fluids towards the producing wells, it is common practice in some fields to pump water or other fluids into wells which are designated injection wells.
  • a reservoir model which reflects the relevant characteristics of the formation's fixed matrix such as porosity and permeability, and the composition, pressure, and temperature of the fluids contained within that matrix.
  • the parameters of both the matrix and the fluids are expected to change as fluids are withdrawn from the producing wells and injection fluids are introduced at the injection wells. Since the geological formations of the reservoir are generally heterogeneous, the starting values of the matrix and fluid parameters are spatial variables, and as production evolves the changes in these parameters are also spatially variable in addition to being time dependent.
  • the data used to generate a reservoir model come from many sources.
  • Three- dimensional seismic surveys provide stratigraphy and faulting, and wireline logging, existing well production histories provide, and to a lesser extent seismic surveys, provide data on formation fluids.
  • the starting values of the reservoir model parameters adjacent to each well can be measured relatively easily using wireline logging tools before each well is cased, but once production has commenced the presence of the well casing prevents many of the measurements which can be made in an open hole. Even measurements which could be made through the casing are usually not performed in existing practice since doing so would require either removing the production hardware and tubing from the well and running cased hole wireline logs, or the use of permanent downhole sensors connected to surface equipment by cables which extend the full depth of the well.
  • Wireless power and communications as described in the Related Applications enable the wells to provide realtime measurement of downhole conditions to update the reservoir model, and based on predictions made from the model, the well production is controlled to optimize field performance.
  • the objective function for production optimization may be altered over time as product market conditions shift, production costs vary, or physical plant capabilities are changed.
  • the invention and development of wireless communication and electrical power transmission and control by means of pipes and tubing introduces the opportunity for widespread collection of oil field data, both (1) at the surface, through the network of facilities piping and injection and production distribution lines, and (2) in the subsurface, through well casing and tubing.
  • the amounts and types of data that could be collected and the degree of control in remote parts of the units would provide a major advance in management of single wells, whole fields, or even company- wide assets.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a reservoir production control system according to the present invention being implemented on a company-wide basis to optimize the production of a plurality of reservoirs.
  • Figure 2 depicts secondary production operations in a multi-layer reservoir being produced by two wells.
  • Figure 3 illustrates primary production operations in a multi-layer reservoir by a production well, the production well experiencing water or gas breakthrough in one layer of the reservoir before another layer is oil depleted.
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating the measurement, modeling, and control actions method for closed-loop control of an individual well or a field.
  • FIG. 1 a reservoir production control system 11 according to the present invention is illustrated.
  • Reservoir production control system 11 is used to optimize the production of one or more reservoirs.
  • a reservoir 13 includes a plurality of wells 15, 17, 19, 21 completed in the subsurface for producing oil and gas reserves from reservoir 13. The exact number and type of wells present in a particular reservoir could vary significantly from reservoir to reservoir.
  • well 15 is an injection well
  • well 17 is a conventional production well
  • well 19 is a multi-lateral production well
  • well 21 is a data observation well.
  • Each well includes a borehole that begins at a surface of the well and continues into a production zone within the reservoir.
  • the wells include casing that is cemented in the borehole during completion of the well.
  • a tubing string or production tubing 29 is located in the borehole of each well.
  • Wireless data receptors or downhole data pods 31 are distributed in the boreholes of the wells. Downhole data pods 31 send and receive data along a downhole communication network 33.
  • the downhole communication network allows transmission of data signals along an electrically isolated portion of the tubing string. In most cases, the electrically isolated portion of the tubing string is created between two ferromagnetic chokes placed on the tubing string. The transmission of data using such electrically isolated sections of pipe or tubing is described more fully in U.S. Pat. App.
  • Pods 31 may also be equipped to collect data about downhole physical characteristics of the well, including pressure, temperature, acoustic noise, seismic signals, resistivity, fluid turbidity, infrared response, flow rate in the pipe, vibration, or other measurements useful for monitoring the well. This data collection would be accomplished in the manner described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,998, entitled “Petroleum Well Having Downhole Sensors, Communication, and Power,” filed Jan.
  • pod 31 would be equipped to operate accompanying downhole control devices 35, which could include a submersible pump or a controllable gas-lift valve for modifying the flow rate of oil within the production tubing 29.
  • the downhole control device 35 could also include a chemical injector for injecting treatment chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitor, foaming agents and paraffin solvents.
  • treatment chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitor, foaming agents and paraffin solvents.
  • a plurality of surface data pods 37 may be placed in a surface communication network 38 of interconnected pipes 39.
  • the interconnected pipes 39 are common in oil field operations and are generally used to fluidly connect the wells to tanks and separators 41.
  • Each of the interconnected pipes is also a potential data transmission path when a section of the pipes can be electrically isolated as described in U.S. Pat. App. 60/177,999, entitled “Toroidal Choke Inductor for Wireless Communication and Control," filed Jan. 24, 2000, and U.S. Pat. App. 60/178,000, entitled “Ferromagnetic Choke in Wellhead,” filed Jan. 24, 2000.
  • the electrically isolated portions of the interconnected pipes are located between ferromagnetic chokes placed on the pipes.
  • the wireless devices at the surface would interact with the subsurface devices to optimize well production in view of any operational constraints at the surface. These constraints might be (1) available gas for gas lift, (2) supply of water or other fluids for flooding projects, (3) upsets in production facilities such as oil/water separation, (4) emulsion control, and (5) other common occurrences encountered in manual operations.
  • Control of all of the operations described above resides in a central data collection computer 51, which will have a reservoir model with which to compare the actual behavior of the reservoir being monitored by downhole data pods 31. Reservoir conditions that change with time are often unattainable after wells have been completed and pipe cemented in place. With permanent pressure monitors available for timely pressure transient analyses, the progress of depletion of a reservoir can be closely monitored. Deviations from expected behavior, can be analyzed and in some cases, such as poor profile control, may be corrected by the downhole control devices 35, or by well workovers.
  • FIG. 2 in the drawings a multi-layer reservoir 61 with production well 63 and an injection well 65 is illustrated during flooding operations of secondary production.
  • Downhole sensing and control devices are used to regulate injection into individual layers, in order to prevent early breakthrough of injected fluids and to minimize wasteful cycling of injectants during sweepout of the other layers. This is accomplished by monitoring and controlling flow rates at a number of locations along the injection interval.
  • layers that flood out prematurely can be detected by salinity devices or other detectors spaced along the interval in production well 63.
  • a multi-layer reservoir 71 being produced by a production well 73 is illustrated during primary production.
  • Well 73 is experiencing water or gas breakthrough in one layer of the reservoir before another layer of the reservoir is depleted of oil.
  • the values of downhole data are compared with the reservoir model prediction to determine if the reservoir is operating as expected. When the reservoir operating parameters diverge from expected behavior, new wells may be required, or wells may need to be shut in or abandoned; however, many corrective operations are potentially attainable with the proposed downhole control devices.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a measurement and control sequence appropriate to such corrective actions. As illustrated in FIG. 4, such a sequence is cyclic:
  • Measurements from downhole and surface sensors are collected and passed to the model;
  • the model may be updated from an external data source, for instance to alter desired production rate, and the measurements are compared to the model;
  • a second central computer 77 and a third central computer 79 are associated with a second reservoir and a third reservoir, respectively. Similar to central computer 51, the second and third central computers 77, 79 monitor downhole data and surface data over individual downhole communication networks (not shown) and individual surface communication networks (not shown). The data collected by second central computer 77 and third central computer 79 are integrated with that data collected by central computer 51 over a remote communication network 91. The integration of data among the central computers 51, 77, 79 could include data for all of the fields operated by a particular company.
  • This data can then be integrated and analyzed in conjunction with economic data 93 and world-wide economic trends, such as oil prices and supplies, national production controls, pipeline and tanker capacities, and location storage limitations.
  • economic data 93 can then be integrated and analyzed in conjunction with economic data 93 and world-wide economic trends, such as oil prices and supplies, national production controls, pipeline and tanker capacities, and location storage limitations.
  • economic data 93 can then be integrated and analyzed in conjunction with economic data 93 and world-wide economic trends, such as oil prices and supplies, national production controls, pipeline and tanker capacities, and location storage limitations.
  • the overall effect of having large amounts of information and control in a central location by efficient wireless devices would allow effective optimization of production from all of a company's assets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multi-Process Working Machines And Systems (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de commande de production de gisements comprend plusieurs trous de forage permettant de produire un gisement relié à un ordinateur central par un réseau de communication de fond et un réseau de communication de surface. Ces deux réseaux sont des voies de communication radio servant à transmettre des données de fond et de surface à l'ordinateur central. Ces deux réseaux comprennent une série de tuyaux ou de tubes qui permet la transmission de données sur des portions isolées électriquement du tuyau ou du tube. Après intégration et analyse de toutes les données pertinentes, et comparaison des données avec un modèle de gisement, l'ordinateur central commence à effectuer des modifications dans plusieurs dispositifs de commande de fond associés aux puits de forage, ce qui permet d'optimiser la production du gisement.
PCT/US2001/006985 2000-01-24 2001-03-02 Commande de production de gisements Ceased WO2001065068A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001247276A AU2001247276A1 (en) 2000-03-02 2001-03-02 Wireless reservoir production control
NZ521120A NZ521120A (en) 2000-03-02 2001-03-02 Wireless petroleum well control using an electrically isolated part of the piping for passing communication signals
US10/220,254 US7259688B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-03-02 Wireless reservoir production control
GB0220345A GB2376967B (en) 2000-03-02 2001-03-02 Wireless reservoir production control
CA002401734A CA2401734C (fr) 2000-03-02 2001-03-02 Commande de production de gisements

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18650500P 2000-03-02 2000-03-02
US60/186,505 2000-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001065068A1 true WO2001065068A1 (fr) 2001-09-07

Family

ID=22685219

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/006985 Ceased WO2001065068A1 (fr) 2000-01-24 2001-03-02 Commande de production de gisements

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001247276A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2401734C (fr)
GB (1) GB2376967B (fr)
NZ (1) NZ521120A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001065068A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004061266A1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-22 Cdx Gas, L.L.C. Procede et systeme de modulation du debit de production de fluide en provenance d'une zone souterraine, en vue du maintien de la stabilite de production d'un puits dans ladite zone
WO2007015053A1 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Schlumberger Holdings Limited Systeme et procede d'assurance d'ecoulement dans un puits
WO2009153552A1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Expro North Sea Limited Génération d'impédance électrique dans une ligne de liaison
WO2012051196A3 (fr) * 2010-10-13 2012-07-19 Schlumberger Canada Limited Optimisation d'un gaz de sustentation avec une commande de duse
CN104391322A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2015-03-04 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 地震仪器排列设备野外自动化监控系统和方法
CN104614771A (zh) * 2015-01-22 2015-05-13 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 一种双模式高密度电法采集控制装置及方法
WO2023191820A1 (fr) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Procédés de commande dynamique d'écoulement de fluide dans un système à puits multiples, procédés de fourniture dynamique d'un état en temps réel d'un écoulement de fluide dans un système à puits multiples, et systèmes de commande d'écoulement de fluide à puits multiples

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0721053A1 (fr) * 1995-01-03 1996-07-10 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Système de fond de puits pour la transmission de l'électricité
WO1996024747A1 (fr) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Dispositif de commande au fond dans un puits de production et procede correspondant
US5587707A (en) * 1992-06-15 1996-12-24 Flight Refuelling Limited Data transfer
WO1999060247A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systeme de gestion de production automatique d'hydrocarbures
EP0964134A2 (fr) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 Schlumberger Technology B.V. Transmission de puissance et de signal au moyen d'un conduit isolé pour des ins-tallations permanentes de fond de puits

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5587707A (en) * 1992-06-15 1996-12-24 Flight Refuelling Limited Data transfer
EP0721053A1 (fr) * 1995-01-03 1996-07-10 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Système de fond de puits pour la transmission de l'électricité
WO1996024747A1 (fr) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Dispositif de commande au fond dans un puits de production et procede correspondant
WO1999060247A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systeme de gestion de production automatique d'hydrocarbures
EP0964134A2 (fr) * 1998-06-12 1999-12-15 Schlumberger Technology B.V. Transmission de puissance et de signal au moyen d'un conduit isolé pour des ins-tallations permanentes de fond de puits

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004061266A1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-22 Cdx Gas, L.L.C. Procede et systeme de modulation du debit de production de fluide en provenance d'une zone souterraine, en vue du maintien de la stabilite de production d'un puits dans ladite zone
US6953088B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2005-10-11 Cdx Gas, Llc Method and system for controlling the production rate of fluid from a subterranean zone to maintain production bore stability in the zone
WO2007015053A1 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Schlumberger Holdings Limited Systeme et procede d'assurance d'ecoulement dans un puits
WO2009153552A1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 Expro North Sea Limited Génération d'impédance électrique dans une ligne de liaison
WO2012051196A3 (fr) * 2010-10-13 2012-07-19 Schlumberger Canada Limited Optimisation d'un gaz de sustentation avec une commande de duse
GB2500496A (en) * 2010-10-13 2013-09-25 Logined Bv Lift-gas optimization with choke control
US9031674B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-05-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Lift-gas optimization with choke control
US9104823B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-08-11 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Optimization with a control mechanism using a mixed-integer nonlinear formulation
GB2500496B (en) * 2010-10-13 2018-05-09 Logined Bv Lift-gas optimization with choke control
CN104391322A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2015-03-04 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 地震仪器排列设备野外自动化监控系统和方法
CN104614771A (zh) * 2015-01-22 2015-05-13 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 一种双模式高密度电法采集控制装置及方法
WO2023191820A1 (fr) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Procédés de commande dynamique d'écoulement de fluide dans un système à puits multiples, procédés de fourniture dynamique d'un état en temps réel d'un écoulement de fluide dans un système à puits multiples, et systèmes de commande d'écoulement de fluide à puits multiples

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2376967A (en) 2002-12-31
CA2401734A1 (fr) 2001-09-07
CA2401734C (fr) 2009-05-12
AU2001247276A1 (en) 2001-09-12
GB0220345D0 (en) 2002-10-09
NZ521120A (en) 2004-06-25
GB2376967B (en) 2004-03-10

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