WO2001048980A1 - Packet communication apparatus, packet communication method, and storage medium - Google Patents
Packet communication apparatus, packet communication method, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001048980A1 WO2001048980A1 PCT/JP2000/009330 JP0009330W WO0148980A1 WO 2001048980 A1 WO2001048980 A1 WO 2001048980A1 JP 0009330 W JP0009330 W JP 0009330W WO 0148980 A1 WO0148980 A1 WO 0148980A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sequence number
- packet
- bucket
- received
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2416—Real-time traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/34—Flow control; Congestion control ensuring sequence integrity, e.g. using sequence numbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/90—Buffering arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
- H04L49/90—Buffering arrangements
- H04L49/9084—Reactions to storage capacity overflow
- H04L49/9089—Reactions to storage capacity overflow replacing packets in a storage arrangement, e.g. pushout
- H04L49/9094—Arrangements for simultaneous transmit and receive, e.g. simultaneous reading/writing from/to the storage element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/65—Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
- H04L65/764—Media network packet handling at the destination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a packet communication device, a packet communication method, and a storage medium.
- the present invention relates to a packet communication device, a packet communication method, and a storage medium, and more particularly, to a packet communication device and a packet communication device for communicating data such as voice and video using a packet network or the like.
- the present invention relates to a communication method and a storage medium.
- RTP real time 'transport' protocol
- UDP user's datagram protocol
- IP Internet protocol protocol
- UDP and IP are connectionless communication protocols that do not make logical settings, and are used when the network becomes congested with the communication transmission bandwidth available to the user. However, since it is a best-effort protocol that cannot be guaranteed, it is said that reliability is put on it. In other words, UDP and IP have no function to secure the reliability of communication.
- Node transmitted from the packet communication device on the transmitting side according to RTP Since the packet is communicated by the above-mentioned UDP and IP, the packet There is a problem that the delivery order of buckets sequentially transmitted in the packet network is changed, and the bucket being transmitted is lost. For example, when a packet network is connected by several routers, the transmission route of each sequentially transmitted packet is different, and when the packet is received by the packet communication device on the receiving side. In some cases, the delivery order of the packet may be changed, or the bucket being transmitted in the bucket network may be lost.
- the RTP is defined by the RTP's socket format and the real-time control protocol (hereinafter referred to as the RTCP).
- the kit consists of an RTP header and an RTP payload.
- the RTP header is composed of fields such as sequence numbers, time stamps, and payload types.
- the RTP payload is equivalent to a field for storing data in which real-time characteristics such as audio and video to be transmitted are important.
- the packet communication device on the transmitting side continuously assigns a value to the sequence number field of the RTP header in the order of the packets to be transmitted, and transmits the packets.
- the receiving-side bucket communication device refers to the sequence number field of the received packet's RTP header, and if the sequence numbers are not consecutive, the bucket is missing. Otherwise, it is determined that the order of the buckets has been changed, and is returned.
- the packet may not work even though the data has arrived at the receiving packet communication device, and will be discarded as invalid data inside it. Therefore, although the data reproduction does not lose the real-time property, the quality of the communication may be significantly reduced.
- the purpose of this invention is to be able to reproduce data without losing real-time properties even when the order of arrival of buckets is changed, and to improve communication quality. It is an object of the present invention to provide a packet communication device, a packet communication method, and a storage medium that can be used.
- Communication device that communicates a packet containing a signal and data to be transmitted,
- Extracting means for extracting a sequence number and transmission target data from a packet received by the receiving means, wherein the sequence number is extracted continuously or discontinuously. Steps and;
- Storage means for storing a sequence number of the packet until a packet of the sequence number between the discontinuous sequence numbers is received or for a predetermined time period
- a bucket communication device comprising: a sorting unit that sorts the received data including the received bucket data.
- a bucket communication method in a bucket communication device connected to a communication network, for communicating a bucket including a sequence number and data to be transmitted via the communication network,
- a bucket communication method comprising: a rearranging step of rearranging received data including packet data.
- a storage medium storing a program for operating a bucket communication device or a computer connected to a communication network
- the bucket is received by the bucket communication device or the computer from the communication network.
- the sequence number of the packet is stored until a packet of the sequence number between the discontinuous sequence numbers is received or for a predetermined time period
- a storage medium is provided for storing a program for rearranging the received data in a manner readable by the bucket communication device or the computer.
- the bucket communication device in the bucket communication device on the receiving side, until the new bucket is received by the receiving means.
- the sequence number of the packet received within the fixed time is stored in the storage means.
- the packet power is changed.
- the sequence number given to the packet at the time of packet transmission and the data to be transmitted are extracted, and based on the extracted sequence number of the new bucket and the sequence number of the storage means.
- the received data including the data of the bucket received this time is rearranged. Therefore, even if the order of packet arrival is changed, data is not lost, and communication quality can be improved.
- the sorting means is the sorting means
- new data having a sequence number in the list is arranged in the received data sequence in the order of the sequence number. Means to insert it in the proper position
- a bucket communication device comprising:
- the receiving-side packet communication device determines whether the order in which the packets were received from the sequence number set in the received packet and the order of the packets transmitted by the transmitting side are correct. Or Judgment is made, and the timer is operated from this time until a predetermined time. If the packet order is different between the transmitting side and the receiving side, a list of sequence numbers that are expected to arrive is created, and the packet is awaited. When a bucket corresponding to the sequence number in the list is received within a predetermined time, the data is inserted into an appropriate position.
- a bucket communication device including means for deleting a corresponding sequence number from the list after the predetermined time has elapsed.
- the packet communication device on the receiving side when a packet is received by the packet communication device on the receiving side, even if the order of arrival of the packets is changed, the packet expected to arrive for a certain period of time is waited for. However, if the bucket arrives within a certain time, the bucket is rearranged in an appropriate bucket order, so that communication quality can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a bucket communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a bucket structure compliant with RTP in the system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the diagram shown in FIG. It is a table
- FIG. 4 shows the diagram shown in FIG. A flowchart showing the packet order rearrangement process in the packet communication system.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a process when a timer is timed out in the bucket communication system shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a bucket communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numerals 1 and 2 are communication devices, and the communication device 1 and the communication device 2 are connected via a communication network 3.
- the communication network 3 is, for example, a packet network such as the Internet, and may be any of a wired network and a wireless network.
- the communication device 1 includes a bucket tizer circuit 11 for converting a data string into a bucket.
- a counter 12 for attaching a sequence number to the packet
- a bucket transmitting and receiving unit 13 for transmitting and receiving the bucket
- a bucket reassembler circuit 14 for depacketizing the received packet
- a reception buffer 15 for temporarily holding data extracted from the received packet
- a timer 16 A list of buckets that have not yet been received at a certain time, but may be received after that time, is a list of the expected packet receptions 17 ( (Hereinafter referred to as a list 17), and an order rearranging section 18 for rearranging the order of data supplied to the receiving buffer 15.
- the communication device 2 has a circuit configuration similar to that of the communication device 1 and includes a packetizer circuit 21, a counter 22, a packet transmission / reception section 23, and a socket rearrangement.
- a communication network 3 between the communication devices 1 and 2, for example, an RTP-compliant IP packet transmitted and received in a bucket network has a structure as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the IP bucket is composed of an IP payload 5 and an IP header 4 added to the head of the IP payload 5, and a UDP bucket.
- the IP payload 5 is composed of a UDP payload 7 and a UDP header 6 which is applied to the top of the UDP payload 7!].
- the UDP payload 7, which is also a packet is composed of an RTP payload 9, an RTP header 8 added to the head of the RTP payload 9, and a card.
- the RTP header 8 is composed of a sequence number, a time stamp, a pay-per-click type, and other fields.
- RTP The payload 9 is equivalent to a field for storing data for which real-time characteristics such as audio and video to be transmitted are important, and transmits and receives a bucket having such a structure.
- the bucketizer circuits 11 and 21 include data strings to be transmitted, that is, data for which real-time characteristics such as transmitted audio and video are important.
- the data is stored in the data stream RTP payload 9 in the bucketizer circuits 11 and 21 and the RTP header is used as necessary information for the RTP payload 9.
- Data 8 is applied and the data is transferred to the RTP packet as the UDP payout port 7.
- the counters 12 and 22 supply the sequence numbers to the bucketizer circuits 11 and 21, and the RTP packets are supplied to the bucketizer circuits 11 and 21. Each time a packet is generated, it is counted up and a new sequence number is generated.
- the RTP bucket as a UDP pay port 7 composed of the RTP header 8 and the RTP payload 9 is supplied to packet transmitting / receiving sections 13 and 23.
- the RTP packet as the UDP payload 7 is provided with a UDP header 6 and an IP payload.
- the packet is added to the UDP bucket as the IP packet 5, and the IP packet is further added to the IP header 4 with the IP header 4. It is considered a tut. No ,.
- the packet transmitting / receiving sections 13 and 23 are provided with a wired or wireless or both wired and wireless communication interface.
- the more-knocked IP packet is transmitted to the communication network 3, and the notch transmitting / receiving units 13 and 23 transmit the IP packet from the communication network 3 to the IP network.
- the packet transmission / reception units 13 and 23 transmit the received header power to the IP header 4, the UDP header 6, and the UDP payload 7 as an RTP bucket. It is cut out, and the UDP payload 7 as an RTP packet is released. It is supplied to the battery reset assembler circuit 14, and is separated into the RTP payload 9 and the RTP header 8 in the bucket reassembler circuit 14. The data sequence in 9 is supplied to the receiving buffers 15 and 25 via the order rearranging unit 18.
- the receiving buffers 15 and 25 include a buffer that enables data to be output from the receiving side in the order of transmission by the transmitting side.
- the data of the receiving buffer 25 are extracted as data system ij and output. If the application is software such as an Internet telephone, the voice data can be transmitted to the real time, and the software for the video conference can be used. With video, it is possible to realize video conferencing by reproducing video and audio in real time.
- the order rearranging circuit 18 there is a certain RTP node.
- the sequence number of the RTP packet Sc is input to the order rearranging circuit 18 and the sequence of the RTP bucket Sb input immediately before input to the order rearranging circuit 18. Is compared to the license number. If the sequence number of the RTP packet Sc is a number following the sequence number of the RTP packet Sb, the data in the RTP packet c will be the data in the RTP packet Sb. The data is supplied to the reception buffer 15 in that order as the data following the data of the above. RT P no. If the sequence number of the packet Sc is earlier than the sequence number of the RTP No.
- the RTP bucket c SRTP No. Supplied to the receiving buffers 15 and 25 so that they are arranged before the packet Sb.
- the sequence number of RTP note c is a number after the sequence number of RTP note Sb, but is not consecutive (Sc> Sb and Sc ⁇ S b + l) In that case, its RTP, as shown in Figure 3.
- the RTP packet of the sequence number (Sb + 1 to Sc-1) between the sequence number Sc of the packet and the sequence number of the RTP packet Sb is still received. If not, the sequence number between them (Sb + l to Sc-1) is written to list 17 along with the write time.
- sequence number of the RTP bucket arriving first at the order rearranging circuit 18 is "111190", and the sequence number of the packet arriving later is "111". If "200" is set, it is determined that the packets from the sequence number "111" to the sequence number "111" are not received. The sequence number "1 1 1 9 9” from the number "1 1 1 9 1” is written to the list as it will be received in the future.
- the sequence number of Sc is RTP. If the sequence number is earlier than the sequence number of the packet Sb (Sc ⁇ Sb), it is checked whether the sequence number of the RTP bucket Sc is in the list. If there is, the number is deleted from the list, and the RTP bucket sequence is received within the receiving buffer 1525 which is arranged in the system IJ following the RTP bucket Sb. Number When the symbols are arranged in succession, the data in the RTP bucket is supplied to the receiving buffers 15 and 25 one after another.
- the communication device 1 and the communication device 2 have the same circuit configuration, but in the following description, for simplification of the description, as an example of the communication operation, A case where data is transmitted from the communication device 1 to the communication device 2 will be described. Therefore, communication device 1 is the transmitting side, and communication device 2 is the receiving side.
- the data string is divided into appropriate lengths and determined in the RTP payload, and an RTP header is added to the RTP payload to form the data string.
- the bucket is flushed and an RTP bucket is generated.
- the value read from the counter 12 is stored as a sequence number in the sequence number field of the RTP header.
- the counter 12 is counted up each time an RTP notch is generated in the bucketizer circuit 11 and the count value is a sequence of the notch. Output as a number.
- the RTP bucket is sent to the socket transmitting / receiving section 13, and the UDP header and the IP header are subjected to a force D, and are output to the IP bucket. It is a toy drama.
- the packet output from the packet transmitting / receiving unit 13 is transmitted to the packet transmitting / receiving unit 23 on the receiving side via the communication network 3 and received.
- the IP packet is received by the bucket transceiver 23.
- the IP packet is separated into an IP header, a UDP header, and a UDP payload, and the UDP payload is sent to the packet reassembler circuit 24.
- the UDP payload is depacketized and separated into an RTP header and an RTP payload.
- data is extracted from the middle of the RTP payload, and a value Sc is extracted as a sequence number from the sequence number field of the RTP header.
- the data extracted by the bucket reassembler circuit 24 and the value Sc of the sequence number field of the RTP header are passed to the order rearranging section 28.
- FIG. 3 shows a process performed by the order rearranging unit that, when a packet arrives at the communication device 2 on the receiving side, rearranges the bucket in the order in which it was transmitted in this packet communication system. This is the flowchart shown.
- the packet when the packet arrives at the packet reassembler circuit 24 and the sequence number field of the RTP header is recognized, the packet is received.
- the tree resembler circuit 24 passes the data and the sequence number Sc to the sequence reordering unit 28.
- the order reordering unit 28 refers to the passed sequence number Sc and the sequence number Sb received immediately before (the sequence number of the RTP bucket that has arrived before), and performs both operations. Are compared (S101, S103, S105).
- the reordering unit 28 determines that the packet is an overlapped RTP bucket, and the data is deleted from the receiving buffer 25, SP or discarded (S102).
- the order rearranging unit 28 regards the sequence number Sb and the sequence number Sc as continuous RTP buckets, and the data of the sequence number Sc is a received buffer.
- the sequence number Sb of 25 is stored in the area next to the area where the sequence number is stored (S104). That is, the data of the sequence number Sc is stored in the area specified by the address following the address of the area in which the sequence number Sb is stored.
- the replacement unit 28 searches for the sequence number Sc from the list 27 of the standby sockets (S106).
- the order rearranging unit 28 returns to the packet having the sequence number Sc. Is discarded (S107).
- the order rearranging section 28 returns the list 27 from the list 27 to the sequence.
- the number is deleted (S108), the timing operation of timer 26 corresponding to the corresponding sequence number is canceled (stopped) (S109), and the sequence number corresponds to Sc.
- a data string is inserted into an appropriate storage area of the reception buffer 25 (S110).
- the order rearranging unit 2 8 is the sequence number Sc.
- the RTP node having a sequence number of Sb + l to Sc-1 together with storing the packet in the reception buffer 25 (S111). Wait for those sequence numbers to wait for the packet.
- the timer (S111) is set, and the timer 26 is started (started) for the sequence number of each standby bucket. (S111).
- the timer 26, whether software or nodeware, shall be provided as many as the equipment allows.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process when the timer 26 is timed out.
- the order rearranging section 28 searches for the corresponding sequence number associated with the timer 26 (S202).
- the order rearranging section 28 ends the processing as it is.
- the time until the timer 26 is timed can be set arbitrarily by the user.
- the data and sequence number Sc are passed from the knock reassembler circuit 24 to the sequence rearranging section 28, and the sequence rearranging section 28 has already received the passed sequence number Sc. It compares the sequence number Sb (of the packet that arrived earlier) stored in buffer 25 with the received data and the received buffer according to the comparison result. Since the process of rearranging the data in the file 25 is performed, even if the order of arrival of the IP bucket is changed, the data can be reproduced without losing the real-time property, and the communication product Quality can be improved.
- the time until the timer 26 times out can be arbitrarily set, so that the application can be used.
- the received buckets can be rearranged in the order of transmission while maintaining the required delay time.
- the packet can be rearranged in an appropriate bucket order without losing the communication characteristics, and the communication quality can be improved.
- the present invention is not limited to only the above embodiment.
- the operation in which the communication device 1 transmits a packet and the communication device 2 receives the packet has been described.
- the communication device 1 and the communication device 2 are configured in the same manner, this is not the case.
- the reverse operation is also possible.
- each of the communication devices 1 and 2 includes a bucketizer circuit, a counter, a packet transmission / reception unit, and a communication device.
- a bucketizer circuit for converting packet data into packets.
- each component such as a packet reassembler circuit, reception buffer, timer, and expected packet list was provided.However, these were implemented in software. You may.
- the software is stored on a storage medium that can be read by a computer such as a floppy disk, a flash memory, or a portable communication terminal.
- the software (program) stored in the storage medium may be read out by a computer or a portable communication terminal, so that each execution may be performed. Processing in the form becomes possible.
- the storage medium includes a floppy disk, a flash memory, a magnetic disk, a node disk, and an optical disk (CD-ROM). , CD-R, DVD, etc.), magneto-optical disk (MO, etc.), semiconductor memory, etc., as long as they can store programs and can be read by a computer.
- the storage format may be any format.
- ⁇ S Operating System
- ⁇ ⁇ S Operating System
- MW Mod-Noware
- the storage medium is not limited to a medium independent of the computer, but downloads and stores or temporarily stores a program transmitted by a LAN, the Internet, or the like. This includes the storage medium that stores it.
- the number of storage media is not limited to one, and the case where the processing in the present embodiment is performed from a plurality of media is also included in the recording medium of the present invention, and the media configuration may be any configuration. .
- the computer executes each processing in the present embodiment based on a program stored in a storage medium, and includes a device such as a personal computer and a plurality of devices. It does not matter if any device is configured in a network-connected system.
- the term "computer” means not only a computer but also an arithmetic processing unit included in an information processing device, a microcomputer, and the like, and the functions of the present invention may be controlled by a program. It is a general term for devices and devices that can realize the functions.
- a packet received within a predetermined time until a new packet is received by the receiving means Kit sequence
- the packet number is stored in the storage means, and when a new packet is received by the receiving means, the sequence number and the sequence number given to the packet at the time of packet transmission are obtained from the packet power.
- the data to be transmitted is extracted, and based on the extracted sequence number of the new bucket and the sequence number of the storage means, the reception data including the data of the packet received this time is extracted. Rearrangement is performed. Therefore, even when the order of arrival of the buckets is changed, data is not lost and communication quality can be improved.
- the packet communication device on the receiving side determines the order in which packets were received from the sequence number set in the received packet and the packet transmitted by the transmitting side. It determines whether the packet order is correct or not, and if the packet order between the sender and the receiver is not correct, creates a list of sequence numbers that are expected to arrive and creates a packet. Wait for the unit. Then, when a bucket corresponding to the sequence number in the list is received within a predetermined time, the data is inserted into an appropriate position.
- the corresponding sequence number is deleted from the list, so that the bucket of the sequence number is treated as a missing bucket.
- the data can be reproduced without any further delay.
- the data can be reproduced without losing the real-time property even when the bucket arrival order is changed, and the communication quality can be improved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00985956A EP1168721A4 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2000-12-27 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PACKET COMMUNICATION AND STORAGE MEDIUM |
| US09/939,679 US20020031125A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2001-08-28 | Packet transfer communication apparatus, packet transfer communication method, and storage medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11/375682 | 1999-12-28 | ||
| JP37568299A JP2001189755A (ja) | 1999-12-28 | 1999-12-28 | パケット通信装置、パケット通信方法および記憶媒体 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/939,679 Continuation US20020031125A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2001-08-28 | Packet transfer communication apparatus, packet transfer communication method, and storage medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001048980A1 true WO2001048980A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
Family
ID=18505893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/009330 Ceased WO2001048980A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2000-12-27 | Packet communication apparatus, packet communication method, and storage medium |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020031125A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1168721A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2001189755A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001048980A1 (ja) |
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| US20210119716A1 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-04-22 | Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. | Data synchronization method, device, equipment, system and storage medium |
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| US20210119716A1 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-04-22 | Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. | Data synchronization method, device, equipment, system and storage medium |
| US11855759B2 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2023-12-26 | Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. | Data synchronization method, device, equipment, system and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020031125A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
| EP1168721A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| EP1168721A4 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
| JP2001189755A (ja) | 2001-07-10 |
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