WO2000038863A1 - Procede et dispositif de production d'un element profile compose de mousse metallique et d'une tole metallique - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de production d'un element profile compose de mousse metallique et d'une tole metallique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000038863A1 WO2000038863A1 PCT/DE1999/004103 DE9904103W WO0038863A1 WO 2000038863 A1 WO2000038863 A1 WO 2000038863A1 DE 9904103 W DE9904103 W DE 9904103W WO 0038863 A1 WO0038863 A1 WO 0038863A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- metal powder
- profile
- sheet
- foaming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
- B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
- B22F7/006—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part the porous part being obtained by foaming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
- B22F3/045—Semi-isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a profile part consisting of a metal foam and a metal sheet according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11.
- Profile parts are known from the article “metal foam - a material with perspectives” (J. Banhart, magazine “Aluminum”, 70th year 1994, edition 3.4). Profile parts provided with metal foam are used, for example, in the automotive industry because of their advantageous static buckling and upsetting behavior.
- Aluminum foam - can also be used dynamically as impact protection. This means that profile parts made of sheet metal and metal foam are far superior to conventional profile parts without metal foam in terms of their static and dynamic properties.
- the powder metallurgical metal foam production is based on the processing steps of powder mixing, cold isostatic pressing, extrusion and, if necessary, rolling or roll cladding.
- the foamable metal powder bodies are thus in the form of rod material, sheet metal or plated sheet metal structures. Sandwich structures can plating - be prepared for example with steel sheets ⁇ .
- the foamable metal powder bodies are subsequently heated to temperatures above the liquidus temperature and the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent, the foam genesis begins.
- Suitable foaming molds can be produced in a variety of forms. If the foamable metal powder body is introduced into a hollow profile made of sheet metal and then foamed, the expanding metal foam fills the cavity. In this way, hollow profile parts are made with metal foam.
- the metal sheet is first to be shaped into its final shape before the precompressed metal powder body is introduced and then foamed in a subsequent process step, so that the associated large number of process steps necessitates a long process time for producing a profile part.
- the invention includes the technical teaching that after a metal sheet is provided with a foamable, uncompressed or pre-compressed metal powder driving mixture, hereinafter called foamable metal powder, the subsequent profiling of the metal sheet is carried out in a die by means of internal high pressure forming, and the metal powder is simultaneously or subsequently directly in the die is foamed.
- foamable metal powder a foamable, uncompressed or pre-compressed metal powder driving mixture
- the process step of forming a profile part is carried out here by means of hydroforming, with which even complicated profile parts can be produced with high accuracy within a very short time.
- the metal sheet is used for internal high pressure forming - as a hollow profile or as a flat profile - with already applied uncompressed or pre-compressed foamable metal memever.
- the foaming is preferably triggered by an increase in temperature after or during hydroforming. At the start of the foaming at an advantageously lower trigger temperature, a pressure reduction can be brought about or a foamable one at a low trigger temperature
- Metal powder alloy or blowing agent can be selected. This measure lowers the energy consumption points caused by the heating and improves the maintenance of reproducible component properties.
- a hollow profile can be provided with a prefabricated foamable metal powder body, which is connected to the hollow profile by insertion or plugging; on the other hand, the metal sheet can also be designed as a flat profile, which is coated with foamable metal powder.
- the open high-pressure forming preferably forms an open profile part from the flat profile.
- strip material with foamable metal powder can first be sprinkled, which is then pre-compressed by rollers, while and subsequently the strip material-metal powder composite thus obtained is formed into a can, the gap of which is finally closed, preferably by welding.
- the metal sheet with the foamable metal powder can be precompressed by drawing and / or annealing before being profiled by internal high pressure forming.
- the forming process of a metal sheet provided with metal foam is carried out with a device in which the profile is formed in a die for internal high-pressure forming, which is equipped with directly or indirectly acting means for foaming the metal powder into metal foam.
- a means of foaming this can be done directly for the Pressurized fluid used for internal high pressure forming can be provided, which can be heated for this purpose.
- the metal sheet to be introduced into the die can be designed in the form of a metal tube which is provided with a metal powder body which is pushed in or pushed on. Furthermore, it can also be assumed that there is a flat profile as a metal sheet which, by means of a sprinkling device, is given a layer of metal powder which passes through a downstream compacting device with a roller arrangement, a subsequent molding device with a joining arrangement being provided for forming a tubular hollow body from the flat profile, and after cutting to length a with metal powder coated hollow profile section this is fed to the die for profiling and foaming.
- a profile part provided with metal foam can advantageously be produced in a continuous manufacturing process.
- the foamable metal powder can be precompacted again by means of a drawing and / or annealing device following the upstream production arrangement for a hollow profile.
- the metal sheet designed as a flat profile can be coated with areas of different types of metal powder and / or metal powder thicknesses. This means that special static and dynamic requirements for the profile part during production can be met flexibly.
- Fig. 1 shows a general flow chart for the inventive
- Production method shows a partial flow chart when using a hollow profile as a metal sheet
- FIG. 3 shows a partial flowchart when using a flat profile as a metal sheet, an open profile part being produced
- FIG. 5 shows a basic illustration of a production arrangement preceding the internal high-pressure forming with foaming, for producing a flat or hollow profile provided with precompacted metal powder
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for producing a hollow profile part or an open profile part with metal foam
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for coating metal sheet with
- Metal powder for a component part that is optimized for component stress.
- a production method for a metal foam-reinforced profile part uses a metal sheet and a foamable metal powder as the starting product.
- the metal sheet can either be in the form of a hollow profile or as
- the metal sheet is provided with the foamable metal powder.
- the metal powder is pre-compacted to form a bond with the metal sheet.
- the metal sheet is profiled in a die by internal high-pressure forming, the metal powder being foamed simultaneously or subsequently directly in the die.
- the end product thus results in the profile part with metal foam, a hollow profile part being produced in the case of a hollow profile as a metal sheet and an open profile part in the case of a flat profile as the metal sheet.
- Two open profile parts can, however, be connected to a closed hollow profile part by joining in a subsequent process step.
- a hollow profile as a metal sheet - for example a pipe - is assumed, then a pressed metal powder with a solid geometric shape can be used
- Shape, d. H. a metal powder body, either introduced into the hollow profile or attached to it.
- the method described above is used to produce a hollow profile part with metal foam.
- Flat profile can be coated with metal powder. This creates a bond between the flat profile and the metal powder.
- the procedure for producing an open profile part with metal foam is analogous.
- Metal strip - it is assumed that in order to produce a hollow profile with metal foam, the flat profile is first coated with the metal powder - as described above - in a first process step. This coating is done by sprinkling the flat profile with metal powder and then compacting. In a second process step, the composite is formed into a hollow profile, i. H. to a pipe. Then, as above, the profiling and foaming are carried out via the hydroforming step.
- Manufacturing arrangement for producing a hollow profile or flat profile provided with precompacted metal powder is based on FIG. 5 in the case of a hollow profile starting from metal powder 1, which is introduced into a prefabricated hollow profile by inserting or plugging it on.
- the hollow profile can have a circular cross section 3.
- the hollow profile is to have a non-circular cross-section 4, for example a trapezoidal cross-section, this cross-section can be produced by means of a pulling device 5, the die of which generates the desired non-circular cross-section 4 starting from a circular cross-section 3.
- the cross section of the metal powder body 6 pre-compressed from the metal powder 1 is to be adapted to the cross section of the hollow body.
- Sprinkler 7 provide the flat profile 8 with a layer of metal powder 1.
- a subsequent compacting device 9 in the form of a roller arrangement presses the metal powder 1 onto the flat profile 8. Compression can also be generated via a compression device 9 'which is arranged downstream of the compression device 9 and which partially preforms the
- Flat profile 8 causes, for example, a deep-drawing or stretch-drawing process.
- An open hollow profile with metal foam can then be produced from this.
- the flat material prepared with the compression device 9 is formed into a tubular hollow profile 11 by means of a subsequent molding device 10 with a joining arrangement.
- the hollow profile 1 1 with the pre-compressed metal powder ultimately results in a hollow profile part filled with metal foam.
- the production arrangement described above which precedes the internal high-pressure forming with foaming, can be followed by a drawing / annealing device 12 with which a further pre-compression of the metal powder is achieved.
- FIG. 6 outlines the device for producing the profile part provided with metal foam, which follows the upstream production arrangement.
- the profiling takes place in a die 15 for internal high pressure forming, which is equipped with - not shown - directly or indirectly acting foaming agents.
- These can be designed, for example, in the form of a heating device integrated in the die 15.
- An open profile part 16 with metal foam is created.
- Metal powder 18 or with an inner and / or outer metal powder body the final profiling takes place in a die 15 'with the features as described above.
- a closed with inner-walled metal foam is created provided hollow profile part 19 or a closed hollow profile part 20 filled with metal foam.
- a metal sheet for producing a profile part with areas (I, II, III) optimized for component stress is different or the same
- Metal powder types (X, Z) and / or metal powder thicknesses (a, b) coated on the top and / or bottom. These metal composite sheets defined in this way can be connected to one another in the form of tailored blanks. Using these freely selectable parameters, the reinforcement of a profile part can be optimized according to the component stress.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99967914A EP1140396A1 (fr) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-17 | Procede et dispositif de production d'un element profile compose de mousse metallique et d'une tole metallique |
| AU24290/00A AU2429000A (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-17 | Method and device for producing a profiled part consisting of metal foam and sheet metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19860714 | 1998-12-23 | ||
| DE19860714.8 | 1998-12-23 | ||
| DE19905124A DE19905124C1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-02-01 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Profilteils |
| DE19905124.0 | 1999-02-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000038863A1 true WO2000038863A1 (fr) | 2000-07-06 |
Family
ID=26051125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1999/004103 Ceased WO2000038863A1 (fr) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-17 | Procede et dispositif de production d'un element profile compose de mousse metallique et d'une tole metallique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1140396A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2429000A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE29904705U1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000038863A1 (fr) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10034406A1 (de) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Aaw Produktions Ag Mauren | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verformten, metallischen Verbundwerkstoffes |
| US6811864B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2004-11-02 | L&L Products, Inc. | Tacky base material with powder thereon |
| US6880657B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2005-04-19 | L&L Products Inc. | Adjustable reinforced structural assembly and method of use therefor |
| US6928736B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2005-08-16 | L & L Products | Method of reinforcing an automobile structure |
| US7043815B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2006-05-16 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method for applying flowable materials |
| US7169344B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2007-01-30 | L&L Products, Inc. | Method of reinforcing at least a portion of a structure |
| US7180027B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2007-02-20 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method of applying activatable material to a member |
| US7194804B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2007-03-27 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method of forming a hydroform |
| US7313865B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2008-01-01 | Zephyros, Inc. | Process of forming a baffling, sealing or reinforcement member with thermoset carrier member |
| US7428774B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2008-09-30 | Zephyros, Inc. | Baffle for an automotive vehicle and method of use therefor |
| US7479245B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2009-01-20 | Zephyros, Inc. | Process for applying a material to a member |
| US8334055B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2012-12-18 | Zephyros, Inc | Composite materials |
| US8381403B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2013-02-26 | Zephyros, Inc. | Baffle for an automotive vehicle and method of use therefor |
| US9987785B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2018-06-05 | Zephyros, Inc. | Applying flowable materials to synthetic substrates |
| EP3686952A1 (fr) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-29 | voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH | Partie boîtier pour un support de batterie et son procédé de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19927837C1 (de) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-25 | Schwaebische Werkzeugmaschinen | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Metallbauteils aus Metallschaum für eine Werkzeugmaschine |
| DE19930982C1 (de) * | 1999-07-05 | 2001-03-08 | Honsel Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Verbundblechen durch Walzen |
| AU2001230965A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-20 | L And L Products, Inc. | Structural reinforcement system for automotive vehicles |
| US6296298B1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2001-10-02 | L&L Products, Inc. | Structural reinforcement member for wheel well |
| US6422575B1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2002-07-23 | L&L Products, Inc. | Expandable pre-formed plug |
| US6820923B1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2004-11-23 | L&L Products | Sound absorption system for automotive vehicles |
| US6471285B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-10-29 | L&L Products, Inc. | Hydroform structural reinforcement system |
| US6419305B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-07-16 | L&L Products, Inc. | Automotive pillar reinforcement system |
| DE10136433A1 (de) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-13 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Blechumformteil mit lokaler Verstärkung in Sandwichbauweise |
| DE10259571B3 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-05-27 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leichtbauteils |
| US7111899B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2006-09-26 | L & L Products, Inc. | Structural reinforcement member and method of use therefor |
| US7249415B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2007-07-31 | Zephyros, Inc. | Method of forming members for sealing or baffling |
| US7784186B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2010-08-31 | Zephyros, Inc. | Method of forming a fastenable member for sealing, baffling or reinforcing |
| DE102004032238A1 (de) * | 2004-07-03 | 2006-01-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Herstellung eines maßgetreuen Metallschaum-Sandwichformteiles |
| US7926179B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2011-04-19 | Zephyros, Inc. | Reinforcements, baffles and seals with malleable carriers |
| US7484946B2 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2009-02-03 | Zephyros, Inc. | Method and assembly for locating material within a structure |
| WO2012078729A1 (fr) | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | Zephyros, Inc. | Ensemble de scellement |
| WO2013142145A1 (fr) | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-26 | Zephyros, Inc. | Ensemble chicane |
| EP2858883B1 (fr) | 2012-06-08 | 2018-08-29 | Zephyros Inc. | Cloison de séparation avec matériau expansible |
| USD938887S1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2021-12-21 | Zephyros, Inc. | Sealing device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19501659C1 (de) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-05-15 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallschaumteils |
| DE19635734A1 (de) * | 1995-09-04 | 1997-04-03 | Alfred Dipl Ing Ebbinghaus | Verstärktes Formteil, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| DE19753658A1 (de) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-17 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Bauteil mit einer aus einem duktilen Material gebildeten Materiallage sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen Bauteils |
-
1999
- 1999-03-05 DE DE29904705U patent/DE29904705U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 EP EP99967914A patent/EP1140396A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-17 WO PCT/DE1999/004103 patent/WO2000038863A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-17 AU AU24290/00A patent/AU2429000A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19501659C1 (de) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-05-15 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallschaumteils |
| DE19635734A1 (de) * | 1995-09-04 | 1997-04-03 | Alfred Dipl Ing Ebbinghaus | Verstärktes Formteil, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| DE19753658A1 (de) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-06-17 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Bauteil mit einer aus einem duktilen Material gebildeten Materiallage sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen Bauteils |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7194804B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2007-03-27 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method of forming a hydroform |
| US6928736B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2005-08-16 | L & L Products | Method of reinforcing an automobile structure |
| DE10034406A1 (de) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Aaw Produktions Ag Mauren | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verformten, metallischen Verbundwerkstoffes |
| US6880657B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2005-04-19 | L&L Products Inc. | Adjustable reinforced structural assembly and method of use therefor |
| US7467452B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2008-12-23 | Zephyros, Inc. | Method for applying flowable materials |
| US7043815B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2006-05-16 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method for applying flowable materials |
| US7169344B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2007-01-30 | L&L Products, Inc. | Method of reinforcing at least a portion of a structure |
| US6811864B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2004-11-02 | L&L Products, Inc. | Tacky base material with powder thereon |
| US7267738B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2007-09-11 | Zephyros, Inc. | Synthetic material and methods of forming and applying same |
| US7313865B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2008-01-01 | Zephyros, Inc. | Process of forming a baffling, sealing or reinforcement member with thermoset carrier member |
| US7479245B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2009-01-20 | Zephyros, Inc. | Process for applying a material to a member |
| US9186864B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2015-11-17 | Zephyros, Inc. | Composite materials |
| US8334055B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2012-12-18 | Zephyros, Inc | Composite materials |
| US10035326B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | Zephyros, Inc. | Composite materials |
| US10688752B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2020-06-23 | Zephyros, Inc. | Composite materials |
| US11046042B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2021-06-29 | Zephyros, Inc. | Composite materials |
| US11618239B2 (en) | 2004-02-02 | 2023-04-04 | Zephyros, Inc. | Composite materials |
| US7180027B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2007-02-20 | L & L Products, Inc. | Method of applying activatable material to a member |
| US7428774B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2008-09-30 | Zephyros, Inc. | Baffle for an automotive vehicle and method of use therefor |
| US8381403B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2013-02-26 | Zephyros, Inc. | Baffle for an automotive vehicle and method of use therefor |
| US9987785B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2018-06-05 | Zephyros, Inc. | Applying flowable materials to synthetic substrates |
| EP3686952A1 (fr) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-29 | voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH | Partie boîtier pour un support de batterie et son procédé de fabrication |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2429000A (en) | 2000-07-31 |
| DE29904705U1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
| EP1140396A1 (fr) | 2001-10-10 |
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