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WO2000037129A1 - Methode de controle de niveau de liquides et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Methode de controle de niveau de liquides et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000037129A1
WO2000037129A1 PCT/IL1999/000695 IL9900695W WO0037129A1 WO 2000037129 A1 WO2000037129 A1 WO 2000037129A1 IL 9900695 W IL9900695 W IL 9900695W WO 0037129 A1 WO0037129 A1 WO 0037129A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
fluid
patient
electrodes
infusion bag
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IL1999/000695
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuli Lozinski
Michael Krausz
Aharon Abramovitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALCOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Original Assignee
ALCOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IL12767698A external-priority patent/IL127676A0/xx
Priority claimed from IL12767798A external-priority patent/IL127677A0/xx
Priority claimed from IL12767898A external-priority patent/IL127678A0/xx
Application filed by ALCOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS filed Critical ALCOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Priority to EP99961254A priority Critical patent/EP1144029A1/fr
Priority to AU17947/00A priority patent/AU1794700A/en
Publication of WO2000037129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000037129A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/20—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons for measuring urological functions restricted to the evaluation of the urinary system
    • A61B5/207—Sensing devices adapted to collect urine
    • A61B5/208—Sensing devices adapted to collect urine adapted to determine urine quantity, e.g. flow, volume

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and device for automatically monitoring and controlling intravenous delivery of fluids and monitoring body fluid excretion for improving fluid balance of patients.
  • Intravenous delivery of various packed liquids, including electrolytes, chemotherapeutic drug solutions, blood products and hyperalimentation formula components is an important part of patient care.
  • Monitoring of "fluid balance" is one of the most important problems in postoperative patients, because most of them cannot be fed orally, and all fluids and medications have to be administered intravenously.
  • the amount of fluid that has to be infused is primarily dependent on the patient " s needs as well as on his urine output, and therefore these parameters have to be frequently followed very carefully in the early postoperative period or during any severe illness.
  • Conventional automatic modular infusion pumping systems do not possess reliable technical means for automatically keeping this balance between fluid input and output.
  • Adjustments in the prescription for the rate of delivery of intravenous fluids are periodically made by physicians and/or by observing staff, taking into consideration the fluid output of the patient.
  • the excreted urine is usually collected through a urethral catheter into plastic bags with measure points from 100 ml to 2000 ml.
  • Conventional modular infusion delivery pumping systems usually do not possess an inlaid ability to automatically correct fluid input according to the urine output of the patient. This drawback is mostly due to the lack of effective fluid level sensors, controlling fluid delivery and urine output.
  • infusion fluid solutions are packed in disposable transparent plastic material bags. Similar disposable plastic material bags are also used as standard urine collectors.
  • collectors are an important device for care of patients suffering from inability to urinate permanently or temporarily, including disabled and geriatric patients treated in institutions or in home environment.
  • the appropriate measurements of the rate of fluid delivery and/or urine output are performed visually by watching and recording fluid level in the transparent disposable material bags. Such measurements are performed by the observing staff and, in some circumstances, by the patients themselves or by their caring family members. After surgery, long term monitoring of infusion and excretion volume is usually necessary. Therefore, it is very difficult to perform the concurrent manual measurements.
  • U.S. Pat. 5,623,252 describes a liquid level detector which utilizes audio frequency detectors for monitoring a liquid level of combustible liquids such gasoline and diesel fuel in tanks.
  • a sensor utilizing AC and resistance measurements for determination of the liquid level of conductive liquids, and particularly conductive liquids which may contain sludge, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,719,556.
  • a method and capacitance level gauge assembly for placement in a container to determine the amount or level of a substance therein is disclosed in U.S. Pat. U.S. Re. 34,601.
  • a device for determination of a liquid level utilizing a temperature dependent foil, which is immersed in a liquid is disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,592,231. The total resistance of the foil is calibrated in a way to indicate a liquid level.
  • the volume of the body fluid is measured using electric signals.
  • the sensor includes a pair of electrodes placed along the volume length or height of a storage tank. Since the electric conductivity between the electrodes is a function of the volume/level of the fluid, the electric signals received from the sensor indicate the resistance value which is based upon the volume of the body fluid stored in the storage tank.
  • the system should enable the monitoring on display, e.g. at a nurses' central station, one or more of the following data: 1. Continuous measurement of the fluid amount that was already infused to the patient;
  • the system includes a feedback central action, allowing a nurse to correct from the nursing station the rates of delivery of the fluids in the individual patients.
  • the sensors for automatic measurements of the level and rate of fluid delivery and/or urine output are integral with disposable infusion delivery bags, used for intravenous delivery of electrolyte solutions, blood and blood components, parenteral nutrition components, drug solutions, and/or urine bag collectors, etc.
  • the measurements of the level and rate of fluid delivery and/or urine output are achieved from electric conductivity, capacitance and/or heat emission measurements for determination of the fluid volume and rate in the infusion bags, urine collectors or any other disposable fluid containers.
  • the sensors instead of a pair of electrodes, utilize a plurality of electrodes attached or imprinted on the surfaces of the disposable fluid container.
  • the present invention provides an infusion bag having at least two pairs of electrodes attached to the external surface of substantially opposite walls of the bag and being capable of measuring electric capacitance indicative of the fluid volume in the bag.
  • the present invention provides a container for collecting excreted body fluids having at least two pairs of electrodes attached to the external surface of substantially opposite walls of the container and being capable of measuring electric capacitance indicative of the fluid volume in the container.
  • the invention provides a container for collecting excreted body fluids having a plurality of electrodes attached to the inner surface of the container and being capable of measuring electric conductivity indicative of the fluid volume in the container, wherein the electrodes comprise a series of electrodes whose distal ends are at progressively increasing distances from the distal end of the container.
  • a system for automatic monitoring and control of the fluid balance of the individual patients fluid balance at clinical departments comprising: (a) an infusion bag according to the invention capable of being connected to said patient;
  • a urine collecting container according to the invention capable of being connected to said patient; and (d) a monitoring and control device connected to (a), (b) and (c) for receiving data from (a) and (c) and sending control signals to (b).
  • a method of automatic monitoring and control of the fluid balance of the individual patients fluid balance at clinical departments comprising the following steps: (a) connecting an infusion bag according to the invention to a patient through a fluid pump;
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a monitoring system based on electric capacitance measurements
  • Fig. 2 is a typical curve of capacitance as a function of volume
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a container according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a further embodiment of a container according to the invention with a temperature-dependent sensor
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the system of the invention.
  • a container 21 having flexible walls 22 made of a substantially nonconductive material integrated with a plurality of substantially conductive strips 23 attached to the outer surface of the walls along the longitudinal axis of the container.
  • the electrodes are coupled via wires 27 through a multiplexing switcher 24 to a gauge 25 capable of capacitance measurements.
  • the electrodes should be of sufficient size in order to provide a possibility to measure an electric capacitance of a capacitor formed by any pair of the electrodes.
  • This capacitance will be proportional to the electrode area and the dielectric permittivity of the liquid filling the container, and it is inversely proportional to the distance between the electrodes.
  • a layer 26 of material having a high dielectric permittivity should be placed between the walls 22 and the electrodes 23.
  • This layer for example, may be made of therylene.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a schematic illustration of a monitoring device utilizing a medical container, such as an urine collector, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • This container includes two communicating compartments.
  • a compartment 1 servers for receiving the excreted body urine 3 via a catheter 4 coupled to the patient's bladder (not shown).
  • a compartment 2 includes a sensor 5 utilizing electric conductivity measurements of the urine. The utilization of two compartments instead of just one is preferable in order to prevent measurement errors due to the irregular influx of the urine.
  • the sensor includes a plurality of electrodes, one of which is formed as a continuous general vertical line electrode 6.
  • the other electrodes 7 extend along the height of the measured volume.
  • These electrodes at one end have a contact point sites 8, and are arranged with progressively increasing distances from the distal end of the container. Since urine is an electro-conductive fluid, electrical shorting between one of these point sites and a continuous line electrode 10 allows determination of the urine level. All the electrodes at the second end are connected by outlets with a general connector 9, connecting the sensor with a gauge device (not shown) monitoring the liquid volume.
  • utilizing a plurality of electrodes enables to divide an analog signal into a plurality of increments, and thus, by using this discretization, to treat the signal in a digital manner.
  • R is the magnitude of the electrical resistance (or conductivity) between the general electrode 6 and the electrode having a number z; and Rot is the magnitude of the electrical resistance (or conductivity) between the electrides having numbers i and i-1.
  • a collector 41 that may be, for example, a conventional urine collector, connected through a tube 42 to the urine catheter 43.
  • a pair of flexible average temperature sensors 44 and 45 are inserted in the container and are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the container. The function of one of these average temperature sensors is heat emission and a function of the second average temperature sensor is to measure an effective temperature of the air and urine inside the urine collector.
  • These flexible sensors via a wire 46 are connected to a signal gauge device (not shown) for continuous quantitative monitoring of the urine volume in the urine bag collector.
  • the main average temperature sensor In operation, when urine in the bag collector is absent, the main average temperature sensor has a predetermined value of the electrical resistance R. The coefficient of the heat transmission changes after urine has entered the bag collector. Therefore, the temperature of the sensor increases together with the increase of its resistance upto the value Ri. Therefore, the quantity of the urine in the bag collector is a function of the value Ri- R.
  • a second temperature sensor which measures an effective temperature of the air and the urine according to the quantity of the urine inside the collector, is defined as a compensatory sensor.
  • Flexible average temperature sensors may express a measure of non-linearity according to variability of the shapes of the urine bag collectors.
  • a special gauge device for continuous/interval urine output indication and registration is connected to a special analog or a digital display with an alarm (not shown).
  • An algorithm in the said indication/registration gauge device takes into consideration an integral and differential values of the quantitative dynamics of the urine output.
  • a fluid balance may be calculated automatically in the morning or whenever desired during the day or night.
  • D3I infusion disposable bag with inlaid sensor (fluid delivered from bag by gravitation)
  • D32 infusion disposable bag with inlaid sensor (fluid delivered from bag with the help of automatic pumping provided by APS).
  • APS automatic pumping system e.g. Ivac
  • S-6 signal gauge device coupled with radio or infrared or other means transmitter and also providing warning in the immediate vicinity.
  • RC radio or infrared or other means further signal transmission channel further signal transmission channel.
  • Mi modem 1 (intermediate transmission station 1).
  • M 2 final transmission station.
  • VLD logic device (may be PC) in the central nurse station.
  • TM illustrating possibility of the immediate delivery of information through telephone modem > ⁇ feeding of information from sensors to PC and feedback correction from PC to periphery.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a trait à une méthode de surveillance et de régulation de l'équilibre hydro-électrolytique d'un patient. Le dispositif comprend une poche à perfusion et une poche de récupération de l'urine dont les volumes sont contrôlés au moyen d'électrodes fixées aux poches. On détermine ces volumes en mesurant la capacité électrique et/ou la conductivité des contenus des poches. Un dispositif de surveillance et de régulation connecté aux poches permet de contrôler les volumes de liquides et envoie des signaux de commande à une pompe à liquide reliée à la poche à perfusion. Il est, de la sorte, possible de surveiller les volumes d'urine et de liquide de perfusion ainsi que de régler automatiquement le volume de liquide à perfuser en fonction de l'équilibre hydro-électrolytique du patient.
PCT/IL1999/000695 1998-12-22 1999-12-22 Methode de controle de niveau de liquides et dispositif correspondant Ceased WO2000037129A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99961254A EP1144029A1 (fr) 1998-12-22 1999-12-22 Methode de controle de niveau de liquides et dispositif correspondant
AU17947/00A AU1794700A (en) 1998-12-22 1999-12-22 Method and device for monitoring fluid level

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL127678 1998-12-22
IL12767698A IL127676A0 (en) 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 Sensor for registration of the electro-conductive fluid level in a determined volume
IL127677 1998-12-22
IL127676 1998-12-22
IL12767798A IL127677A0 (en) 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 Urine bag collector
IL12767898A IL127678A0 (en) 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 Method of automatic correction of fluid infusion according to urine output and pumping infusion delivery system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000037129A1 true WO2000037129A1 (fr) 2000-06-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL1999/000695 Ceased WO2000037129A1 (fr) 1998-12-22 1999-12-22 Methode de controle de niveau de liquides et dispositif correspondant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1144029A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1794700A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000037129A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007107558A3 (fr) * 2006-03-20 2008-01-17 Novo Nordisk As Détermination du contenu d'une cartouche à l'aide de moyens capacitifs
WO2008073718A2 (fr) 2006-11-29 2008-06-19 Future Path Medical Llc Contenant pour fluides physiologiques
WO2009081194A1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 The Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust Appareil pour mesurer des paramètres d'écoulement de fluide
US8052655B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2011-11-08 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device with electronic detecting means
GB2496605A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-22 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Pump for use with urine collection bag
US8900204B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2014-12-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Gearing mechanism for an injection device
US9008764B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2015-04-14 Novo Nordisk A/S Determination of position of injection needle
US9022991B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2015-05-05 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device
US9108006B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2015-08-18 Novo Nordisk A/S Medical device with value sensor
US9192727B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2015-11-24 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device with mode locking means
US9533106B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2017-01-03 Novo Nordisk A/S Torsion-spring based wind-up auto injector pen with dial-up/dial-down mechanism
USRE46363E1 (en) 2004-10-21 2017-04-11 Novo Nordisk A/S Dial-down mechanism for wind-up pen
CN108114344A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-06-05 上海电机学院 一种输液袋液位智能检测和报警装置及方法
CN113855938A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2021-12-31 王铁生 一种胰岛素无针注射器
WO2023285248A1 (fr) 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Hochschule Kaiserslautern Sac constitué d'un film souple de réception d'un liquide, système comprenant ce sac et unité d'analyse

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919455A (en) * 1972-10-20 1975-11-11 Hoffmann La Roche Apparatus for the measurement of the volume and flow rate of liquids
DE2623557A1 (de) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-08 Juergen Dr Med Poertener Vorrichtung zur messung ausgestossener harnmengen
US4291692A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-09-29 University Of Utah Closed-loop infusion system, both method and apparatus, based on real time urine measurement
US4592231A (en) 1983-06-15 1986-06-03 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag Device for the electric measurement of a liquid level
GB2243918A (en) * 1990-05-08 1991-11-13 Murata Manufacturing Co Liquidometer
US5135485A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-08-04 Louis Cohen Capacitance-type fluid level sensor for i.v. and catheter bags
US5226313A (en) 1989-12-15 1993-07-13 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd. Body fluid excretion measurement apparatus for medical application
USRE34601E (en) 1989-01-13 1994-05-10 Hochstein Peter A Capacitive liquid sensor
WO1995005774A1 (fr) * 1993-08-20 1995-03-02 Uritel B.V. Systeme et capteur de mesure d'une quantite d'urine
US5623252A (en) 1995-05-22 1997-04-22 Cacciola; John A. Liquid level detector using audio frequencies
FR2752297A1 (fr) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-13 Poirier Marc Dispositif de surveillance de l'ecoulement d'un liquide hors d'un reservoir
US5719556A (en) 1995-05-22 1998-02-17 Albin; Robert Liquid level sensor utilizing AC and resistance

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3919455A (en) * 1972-10-20 1975-11-11 Hoffmann La Roche Apparatus for the measurement of the volume and flow rate of liquids
DE2623557A1 (de) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-08 Juergen Dr Med Poertener Vorrichtung zur messung ausgestossener harnmengen
US4291692A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-09-29 University Of Utah Closed-loop infusion system, both method and apparatus, based on real time urine measurement
US4592231A (en) 1983-06-15 1986-06-03 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag Device for the electric measurement of a liquid level
USRE34601E (en) 1989-01-13 1994-05-10 Hochstein Peter A Capacitive liquid sensor
US5226313A (en) 1989-12-15 1993-07-13 Murata Mfg. Co., Ltd. Body fluid excretion measurement apparatus for medical application
GB2243918A (en) * 1990-05-08 1991-11-13 Murata Manufacturing Co Liquidometer
US5135485A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-08-04 Louis Cohen Capacitance-type fluid level sensor for i.v. and catheter bags
WO1995005774A1 (fr) * 1993-08-20 1995-03-02 Uritel B.V. Systeme et capteur de mesure d'une quantite d'urine
US5623252A (en) 1995-05-22 1997-04-22 Cacciola; John A. Liquid level detector using audio frequencies
US5719556A (en) 1995-05-22 1998-02-17 Albin; Robert Liquid level sensor utilizing AC and resistance
FR2752297A1 (fr) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-13 Poirier Marc Dispositif de surveillance de l'ecoulement d'un liquide hors d'un reservoir

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10245383B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2019-04-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device
US9022991B2 (en) 2000-06-16 2015-05-05 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device
USRE46363E1 (en) 2004-10-21 2017-04-11 Novo Nordisk A/S Dial-down mechanism for wind-up pen
US9008764B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2015-04-14 Novo Nordisk A/S Determination of position of injection needle
WO2007107558A3 (fr) * 2006-03-20 2008-01-17 Novo Nordisk As Détermination du contenu d'une cartouche à l'aide de moyens capacitifs
US8900204B2 (en) 2006-05-16 2014-12-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Gearing mechanism for an injection device
US9192727B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2015-11-24 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device with mode locking means
US8052655B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2011-11-08 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device with electronic detecting means
US8632509B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2014-01-21 Novo Nordisk A/S Injection device with electronic detecting means
EP2086846A4 (fr) * 2006-11-29 2012-01-25 Future Path Medical Llc Contenant pour fluides physiologiques
WO2008073718A2 (fr) 2006-11-29 2008-06-19 Future Path Medical Llc Contenant pour fluides physiologiques
US9108006B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2015-08-18 Novo Nordisk A/S Medical device with value sensor
WO2009081194A1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 The Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust Appareil pour mesurer des paramètres d'écoulement de fluide
GB2503823A (en) * 2011-11-15 2014-01-08 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Portable fluid collection apparatus comprising a detection means, processor and alarm
GB2503822B (en) * 2011-11-15 2015-07-01 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Fluid collection and expulsion apparatus
GB2503823B (en) * 2011-11-15 2015-06-03 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Fluid Collection and expulsion apparatus
EP2987473A1 (fr) * 2011-11-15 2016-02-24 Albert Medical Devices Limited Appareil de collecte et d'expulsion de fluide
GB2503822A (en) * 2011-11-15 2014-01-08 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Fluid Collection Apparatus comprising detection means for measuring a property of a fluid
GB2496605A (en) * 2011-11-15 2013-05-22 Albert Medical Devices Ltd Pump for use with urine collection bag
US9533106B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2017-01-03 Novo Nordisk A/S Torsion-spring based wind-up auto injector pen with dial-up/dial-down mechanism
CN108114344A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-06-05 上海电机学院 一种输液袋液位智能检测和报警装置及方法
WO2023285248A1 (fr) 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Hochschule Kaiserslautern Sac constitué d'un film souple de réception d'un liquide, système comprenant ce sac et unité d'analyse
DE102021118464A1 (de) 2021-07-16 2023-01-19 Hochschule Kaiserslautern Beutel aus einer flexiblen Folie zum Aufnehmen einer Flüssigkeit und System mit Beutel und Auswerteeinheit
CN113855938A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2021-12-31 王铁生 一种胰岛素无针注射器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1144029A1 (fr) 2001-10-17
AU1794700A (en) 2000-07-12

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