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WO2000036159A1 - Procede et appareil pour la reduction directe de fer mineral avec injection optimisee de gaz de reduction - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour la reduction directe de fer mineral avec injection optimisee de gaz de reduction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000036159A1
WO2000036159A1 PCT/IB1999/001944 IB9901944W WO0036159A1 WO 2000036159 A1 WO2000036159 A1 WO 2000036159A1 IB 9901944 W IB9901944 W IB 9901944W WO 0036159 A1 WO0036159 A1 WO 0036159A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
gas
reducing gas
mixture
reduction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB1999/001944
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Milorad Pavlicevic
Gianpietro Benedetti
Ljuban Milic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Original Assignee
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA filed Critical Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Priority to AU12922/00A priority Critical patent/AU1292200A/en
Publication of WO2000036159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000036159A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/006—Equipment for treating dispersed material falling under gravity with ascending gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method and apparatus for the direct reduction of mineral iron, where the iron is present in the form of oxides.
  • the method consists in bringing the mineral iron, of variable granulometry, into contact with a reducing gas in a reduction furnace, wherein both the material and the gas is fed continuously, to obtain directly reduced iron (DRI) in a continuous manner. Tuyeres are provided to optimize the distribution of the reducing gas inside the reduction furnace.
  • the lower outlet of the reduction furnace may be of the multiple type to encourage the selective and simultaneous discharge of several types of product, that is to say, both hot and cold, so that it can subsequently be stored, sent to a melting furnace, for example of the electric arc type, to produce liquid steel, or converted into hot briquetted iron (HBI) .
  • a melting furnace for example of the electric arc type, to produce liquid steel, or converted into hot briquetted iron (HBI) .
  • the state .of the art includes direct reduction processes wherein hydrocarbons are injected into the current of reducing gas to allow the reaction of reforming the methane in the furnace with the H 2 O and CO 2 in the gas; there are also direct reduction processes wherein hydrocarbons having C>5 are injected directly into the furnace in the zone between the injection of the reducing gas and the upper outlet of the exhaust gas.
  • the state of the art also includes processes wherein the hot mineral iron is produced in a reaction furnace of the shaft type, with a vertical and gravitational flow of the material which is subsequently sent, with a closed system of pneumatic transport in an inert atmosphere, to the melting furnace .
  • the reducing gas is normally introduced in a single median zone of the reduction furnace, which is also called reaction zone or reactor, inside which the reaction of the reducing gas with the iron oxides takes place.
  • the reducing gas is injected in correspondence with the lateral walls of the furnace, therefore there is a temperature imbalance inside the reaction zone, with higher temperatures towards the side walls of the furnace and lower towards the center, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the patent US-A-4 , 032 , 123 discloses a furnace for the direct reduction of -mineral iron, wherein the reducing gas is introduced both through the side walls and also from the bottom of the furnace, by means of a central element which occupies a large part of the reduction zone of the material, which is thus bulky, inefficient and not very practical.
  • the method to produce metal iron by the direct reduction of iron oxides and the relative plant according to the invention are set forth and characterized in the respective main claims, while the dependent claims describe other innovative characteristics of the invention.
  • the method according to the invention consists in bringing the mineral iron of variable granulometry into contact with a feed gas in a reduction furnace of the shaft type, wherein both the material and the gas are fed continuously, so that a vertical and gravitational flow of the material is created and the direct reduction of the material occurs.
  • the material can be discharged from the reactor cold or preferably hot, to be sent subsequently to a melting furnace so that it can be converted into hot bricquetted iron (HBI) or cooled and converted into directly reduced iron (DRI) .
  • the reduction furnace is equipped with means to feed the mineral iron and means to discharge the reduced metal iron, and is equipped with at least two inlet collectors to inject the reducing gas in correspondence with various reduction zones inside the furnace to ensure a larger reduction zone.
  • the reducing gas sent to the reactor contains hydrocarbons injected into the current before or after the partial combustion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the oxygen.
  • the direct reduction of the iron oxides is achieved in two different continuous stages inside the reduction reactor.
  • a first stage defined as the pre-heating and pre- reduction stage
  • the fresh iron oxides that is, those just introduced into the furnace
  • This first stage occurs in a corresponding first zone arranged in the highest part of the furnace.
  • the reduction stage proper In a second stage, the reduction stage proper, the complete reduction of the iron oxides takes place, due to the action on said oxides, which are already partly reduced in the first stage, of a mixture of reducing gas based on H 2 and CO and at least a hydrocarbon, preferably natural gas, injected into the median zone of the reduction reactor.
  • This second stage occurs in a corresponding second zone arranged below the first zone.
  • the two inlets of the furnace through which the gas is introduced can be regulated independently by mixing means both in the flow of fresh reducing gas and also in the addition of natural gas in the current introduced.
  • the inlet temperature of the two currents of reducing gas may be regulated independently by injecting O 2 and CH 4 before the gas enters the reduction reactor with a final inlet temperature between 800°C and 1150°C.
  • the oxidation reaction needed to raise the temperature of the gas induces a change in the oxidation level of the gas itself, from usual values of 0.04-0.08 to 0.06-0.15.
  • Nox (H 2 O+CO 2 ) / (H 2 0+C0 2 +H 2 +CO) .
  • a gas with a high content of H 2 , CO and CH 4 is in any case generated.
  • this gas enters the first reaction zone, arranged at a higher position, and mixes with the hot gas injected into this first zone to preheat and pre-reduce the iron oxides .
  • the gas emerging from the reduction reactor is partly recircled and partly used as fuel.
  • the reducing gas is introduced both laterally by means of tuyeres located along the circumference of the furnace and also in the central zone of the reduction furnace, that is to say, in the core of the material inside the reduction furnace.
  • reducing gas is also introduced into the core of the reduction furnace, through injection means such as for example hollow- tubular elements, water cooled and protected by refractory material, so that the gas can arrive uniformly inside the reduction furnace.
  • injection means such as for example hollow- tubular elements, water cooled and protected by refractory material.
  • a further, considerable advantage is that it is possible to reduce the oxides in a uniform manner along the whole transverse section of the reduction furnace, creating the best fluido-dynamic conditions for the distribution of the reducing gas. In this way, we have a uniform temperature distribution over the whole section, unlike in conventional furnaces where the hot gas laps the material towards the peripheral part better, and enters into the core of the reactor only with difficulty.
  • Another advantage is that the direct reduction becomes uniform and therefore it is possible to have higher productivity and also a lower consumption of gas and of energy, since the gas itself is used in the best possible way.
  • the lower outlet of the furnace is of the multiple type, to encourage the simultaneous discharge of several types of product.
  • the multiple outlet encourages the distribution of the reducing gas inside the furnace and a better distribution of the material inside the furnace, preventing preferential channels which occur in furnaces with a single outlet cone.
  • the finer material tends to arrange itself in the middle, and this encourages the reducing gas to flow in the outer part, so that it reduces the iron oxides nearest the wall more, and has difficulty in penetrating the core of the solid bed of material, and thus the iron oxides are reduced with more difficulty and in any case the process takes a longer time.
  • the whole reaction zone of the furnace works at a more uniform temperature, and especially at a constant temperature along the whole section of the reduction furnace, encouraging a higher speed of reaction, with consequent- reduction of consumption and increase in productivity.
  • the extractors are very flexible to use, and by varying the outlet flow, the formation of bridges in the furnace is prevented.
  • the reduced metal iron is discharged preferably hot through the multiple outlet, preferably with 3 or 4 cones, which are able to discharge the material in a controlled and independent manner.
  • the big advantage of being able to discharge simultaneously from several points is that it is possible to regulate the flow of material at outlet by varying the speed of extraction of the individual discharge systems .
  • Another advantage is that this movement helps to make the material descend from the upper zone in a uniform manner, with a perfect mixing of the larger particles and the finer particles, creating a continuous movement of the material and reducing the possibility of the material sticking.
  • a further, considerable advantage is that it is also possible to simultaneously discharge hot material destined for different uses : one part can be introduced directly into a melting furnace, for final melting; one part can be briquetted; and one part can be cooled outside in a silo and sent for storage.
  • Another advantage is that it is in any case possible to discharge all the hot material into the melting furnace to produce steel, reducing energy consumption to a minimum.
  • All the material can also be briquetted hot or cold and stored.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a reduction furnace used in an apparatus for the direct reduction of mineral iron according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a transverse section along the line from A to A in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of Fig. 2, wherein the jets of gas introduced into the furnace of Fig. 1 are shown schematically
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature inside a furnace of the state of the art, wherein the distance "d" from one side wall of the furnace is indicated on the x coordinate
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a reduction furnace used in an apparatus for the direct reduction of mineral iron according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a transverse section along the line from A to A in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of Fig. 2, wherein the jets of gas introduced into the furnace of Fig. 1 are shown schematically
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature inside a furnace of the state of the art, wherein the
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature inside the furnace of Fig. 1, wherein the distance "d" from one side wall of the furnace is indicated on the x coordinate
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view, partly in section, of a variant of a furnace used in the apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a transverse section, enlarged, along the line from B to B of Fig. 6
  • Fig. 8 shows a transverse section, enlarged, along the line from C to C of Fig. 6
  • Fig. 9 shows a transverse section, enlarged, along the line from D to D of Fig. 6.
  • an apparatus for the direct reduction of iron oxides comprises a shaft type reduction furnace, also called reduction reactor 10, comprising in turn an upper mouth 11 for feeding material from above, through which the mineral (iron oxides) is suitable to be introduced, a first upper pre-heating and pre-reducing zone 12, a second zone, or median zone 14 wherein the final reduction reaction of the iron oxides takes place, and a lower zone or discharge zone 15, shaped like a truncated cone and terminating downwards with a lower aperture 16 for the removal of the iron.
  • a shaft type reduction furnace also called reduction reactor 10
  • reduction reactor 10 comprising in turn an upper mouth 11 for feeding material from above, through which the mineral (iron oxides) is suitable to be introduced
  • a first upper pre-heating and pre-reducing zone 12 a second zone, or median zone 14 wherein the final reduction reaction of the iron oxides takes place
  • a lower zone or discharge zone 15 shaped like a truncated cone and terminating downwards with a lower aperture 16 for the removal of the iron.
  • the iron-based metal oxides are introduced into the reduction furnace 10 in the form of pellets or coarse mineral of an appropriate size; the iron contained therein is normally between 63% and 68% in weight.
  • the iron contained in the reduced material emerging from the furnace 10 is normally between 80% and 90% in weight.
  • the furnace 10 In its upper part, above zone 12, the furnace 10 is provided with an aperture 19 through which the exhaust gas exits.
  • a cooling gas can be introduced, such as for example a gas formed by a mixture of CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O, CH 4 , N 2 , of variable quantities and temperature according to the quality of the material desired and the outlet temperature desired.
  • the reducing gas is injected inside the reduction furnace 10 by means of a plurality of tuyeres 20 arranged radially and lying on a substantially horizontal plane .
  • the tuyeres 20 comprise: terminal elements 20a (Figs. 2 and 3), for example eight, with their extremities near the side wall of the furnace 10; terminal elements 20b, for example four, with their extremities near the center of the central and vertical axis 21 of the furnace 10, or having a radial depth of between 1/2 and 2/3 of the radius of the furnace 10; and terminal elements 20c, for example four, spaced between an element 20a and an element 20b, or between two elements 20a, and having their extremities in an intermediate zone between the side wall and the central and vertical axis 21 of the furnace 10, or having a radial depth of between 1/3 and 1/2 of the radius of the .furnace 10.
  • the jets of reducing gas are arranged uniformly and in an optimum manner over the whole transverse section, thus ensuring a substantially constant temperature over the whole width "d" (Fig. 5) of the pre-reduction zone
  • the reducing gas is distributed by means of one or more, preferably three, horizontal tubes 25, made of material resistant to heat and to oxidizing and carburizing agents.
  • the tubular elements 25 are arranged transversely to the furnace 10 and each is provided with a plurality of peripheral apertures or radial tuyeres 26, from which the gas can flow inside the reaction zone 14.
  • Each tubular element 25 comprises a central tube 27 made of refractory material and is cooled internally by cooling water circulating in a circumferential cavity 28.
  • Each tubular element 25, moreover, can be through ' and equipped with rotary movement, so that the peripheral apertures 26 can describe a round angle and distribute the reducing gas better and more uniformly inside the reduction zone 14.
  • the discharge zone 15 has three lower extremities, shaped like a cone or a truncated cone, 15a, 15b, and 15c, with the taper facing downwards, each provided with a lower aperture 16a, 16b and respectively 16c, through which the directly reduced iron (DRI) can be selectively discharged in a controlled and independent manner.
  • DRI directly reduced iron
  • Each lower aperture 16a, 16b and 16c is provided with a rotary valve 47 suitable to regulate the flow of material emerging from the furnace 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé et un appareil utilisés dans la réduction directe de fer minéral à l'intérieur d'un four (10) de réduction vertical à écoulement gravitationnel. Le gaz de réduction s'écoule à contre-courant par rapport au matériau introduit dans le four. Le procédé consiste à : introduire dans le four (10) le fer minéral à partir de la partie supérieure ; injecter un mélange gazeux à température élevée et retirer du four (10) le minéral réduit. Le mélange gazeux est introduit dans le four (10) au moyen d'un premier organe (20a) d'injection placé sur la périphérie de la paroi externe du four (10), et à la fois au moyen d'un second organe (20b, 20c, 25) d'injection placé à l'intérieur du four (10).
PCT/IB1999/001944 1998-12-11 1999-12-06 Procede et appareil pour la reduction directe de fer mineral avec injection optimisee de gaz de reduction Ceased WO2000036159A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12922/00A AU1292200A (en) 1998-12-11 1999-12-06 Method and apparatus for the direct reduction of mineral iron with optimized injection of reducing gas

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD98A000216 1998-12-11
IT1998UD000216A IT1302815B1 (it) 1998-12-11 1998-12-11 Procedimento ed apparato per la riduzione diretta di minerale diferro con iniezione ottimizzata del gas riducente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000036159A1 true WO2000036159A1 (fr) 2000-06-22

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ID=11422799

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB1999/001944 Ceased WO2000036159A1 (fr) 1998-12-11 1999-12-06 Procede et appareil pour la reduction directe de fer mineral avec injection optimisee de gaz de reduction

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AR (1) AR021610A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1292200A (fr)
IT (1) IT1302815B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000036159A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009000409A1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2008-12-31 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co Procédé et dispositif de formation d'éponges de fonte
EP1930449A3 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2009-01-07 Mines and Metals Engineering (M.M.E.) Four à cuve
EP2653568A1 (fr) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-23 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Dispositif et procédé de gazage de surface dans un puits de réacteur à réduction
CN115298332A (zh) * 2020-03-24 2022-11-04 米德雷克斯技术公司 用于在还原炉中提高直接还原铁的碳含量的方法和系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118017A (en) * 1976-01-02 1978-10-03 United States Steel Corporation Shaft furnace design
US4270739A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-06-02 Midrex Corporation Apparatus for direct reduction of iron using high sulfur gas
US4374585A (en) * 1978-03-11 1983-02-22 Hamburger Stahlwerke Gmbh Apparatus for the direct reduction of iron ores
JPH05302107A (ja) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Nkk Corp 高炉炉芯の活性化方法
US5387274A (en) * 1993-11-15 1995-02-07 C.V.G. Siderurgica Del Orinoco, C.A. Process for the production of iron carbide

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118017A (en) * 1976-01-02 1978-10-03 United States Steel Corporation Shaft furnace design
US4374585A (en) * 1978-03-11 1983-02-22 Hamburger Stahlwerke Gmbh Apparatus for the direct reduction of iron ores
US4270739A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-06-02 Midrex Corporation Apparatus for direct reduction of iron using high sulfur gas
JPH05302107A (ja) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Nkk Corp 高炉炉芯の活性化方法
US5387274A (en) * 1993-11-15 1995-02-07 C.V.G. Siderurgica Del Orinoco, C.A. Process for the production of iron carbide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 107 (C - 1169) 22 February 1994 (1994-02-22) *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1930449A3 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2009-01-07 Mines and Metals Engineering (M.M.E.) Four à cuve
WO2009000409A1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2008-12-31 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co Procédé et dispositif de formation d'éponges de fonte
AU2008267440B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2011-11-17 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Process and apparatus for producing iron sponge
US8124005B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2012-02-28 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Process and apparatus for producing sponge iron
RU2465335C2 (ru) * 2007-06-28 2012-10-27 Сименс Фаи Металз Текнолоджиз Гмбх Способ и устройство для получения губчатого железа
US8361190B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2013-01-29 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Process and apparatus for producing sponge iron
EP2653568A1 (fr) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-23 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Dispositif et procédé de gazage de surface dans un puits de réacteur à réduction
WO2013156548A1 (fr) 2012-04-18 2013-10-24 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Dispositif et procédé de gazéification de surface dans un puits de réacteur de réduction
CN104245964A (zh) * 2012-04-18 2014-12-24 西门子Vai金属科技有限责任公司 用于在还原反应器井筒中进行表面吹气的装置和方法
RU2618037C2 (ru) * 2012-04-18 2017-05-02 Прайметалз Текнолоджиз Аустриа ГмбХ Устройство и способ для поверхностной обработки газом в шахте восстановительного реактора
CN115298332A (zh) * 2020-03-24 2022-11-04 米德雷克斯技术公司 用于在还原炉中提高直接还原铁的碳含量的方法和系统
EP4127251A4 (fr) * 2020-03-24 2024-05-29 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Procédés et systèmes pour augmenter la teneur en carbone de fer réduit direct dans un four de réduction
US12084730B2 (en) 2020-03-24 2024-09-10 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the carbon content of direct reduced iron in a reduction furnace
CN115298332B (zh) * 2020-03-24 2025-02-25 米德雷克斯技术公司 用于在还原炉中提高直接还原铁的碳含量的方法和系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1302815B1 (it) 2000-09-29
ITUD980216A1 (it) 2000-06-11
AU1292200A (en) 2000-07-03
AR021610A1 (es) 2002-07-31

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