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WO2000022984A1 - Capillary blood flow speed determination method - Google Patents

Capillary blood flow speed determination method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000022984A1
WO2000022984A1 PCT/RU1999/000311 RU9900311W WO0022984A1 WO 2000022984 A1 WO2000022984 A1 WO 2000022984A1 RU 9900311 W RU9900311 W RU 9900311W WO 0022984 A1 WO0022984 A1 WO 0022984A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capillary
blood flow
flow speed
patient
determination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU1999/000311
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mikhail Kouznetsov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv'
Original Assignee
Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv' filed Critical Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Tsentr 'analiz Veschestv'
Priority to AU58876/99A priority Critical patent/AU5887699A/en
Publication of WO2000022984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000022984A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, namely, to medical diagnostics, and can be used for diagnostic purposes, namely, for the determination of patient's state and assessment of the effect of medicinal treatment.
  • capillary blood flow in patients is studied in rare cases, although it is well-known that the capillaries are quite sensitive to changes in human health.
  • the technical problem resolved by this invention is the development of new diagnostic techniques based on capillary blood flow.
  • the technical result of the present invention is tangible optimization of medicinal treatment and authentic assessment of patient's state.
  • the present method is applicable, in principle, to any capillary image acquisition mode.
  • the capillary chosen is identified in each of the frames. This identification is necessary because the patient's limb moves (e.g. due to breath) and causes the capillary chosen to move in the observation field.
  • the capillary chosen can be identified using the well-known correlation search algorithm for a two-color image. However, it is preferred to use the method of minimum difference between the current and the reference images. To this end, a two-color image is obtained at the first stage in a conventional method. Further, accepting the area containing the test capillary as the reference image, the following expression is calculated for each element of the large image:
  • C 2 is the search area element array (the whole frame in the case considered)
  • C 2 is the reference image element array
  • m and n are the parameters determining the window (reference area) position in the search area
  • Mx N is the number of elements in the array.
  • the calculations are performed sequentially from point to point. Once all of the windows have been analyzed, the smallest window is selected and accepted as the one corresponding to the reference position.
  • a black and white image sized 720 x 540 elements can be transformed to a 72 x 54 elements one.
  • the transformation is performed in the following way. The number of black elements in a 10 x 10 elements area of the large image is counted and, if this number is greater than 50, that area is assigned the value "black” in the small image, otherwise, its value is "white”. This procedure reduces the number of steps in the search.
  • the capillary's course is detected.
  • the capillary must be oriented left to right in the frame, with the capillary bend (the transition portion) being in the left-hand side of the image.
  • the capillary's transition portion boundaries are determined by scanning the image in the vertical direction. The initial point of the transition portion is marked when two reliable black-to-white and white-to-black color inversions are obtained. After that, four reliable inversions are determined during further scanning in the vertical direction at other horizontal positions, and their coordinate is accepted as the end point of the capillary's transition portion. The horizontal shifting and the vertical scanning are continued until the arterial and venous portion boundaries are detected from four color inversions.
  • the capillary transition portion diameter is determined as the distance between the initial and the final points of the transition portion detected in the above way during capillary course retrieval.
  • the venous and arterial portion diameters are accepted as the mean distance between the points marking the portion boundaries.
  • the flow direction Prior to capillary blood flow speed measurement, the flow direction is determined. Two factors are taken into account in this procedure, i.e., that blood always flows from the arterial portion to the venous one and that the arterial portion is thinner than the venous one in 90% of cases.
  • a measuring area sized about 20% of the portion length, is chosen in the first frame studied. In the next frame the shift of the measuring area is determined, and the capillary blood flow speed is calculated from that shift and the frame frequency. Moreover, the number of blood sludges can be determined during flow speed determination.
  • the sludge is a blood coagulant with a length of from 1-1.5 capillary diameter to 0.5 capillary length, framed from the rear and front sides with two relatively portions of light blood with a length of up to one capillary diameter.
  • the number of sludges is determined from the two-color image obtained earlier. To avoid counting one sludge several times, the following steps are performed. The sludge length is measured, and the sludge is located in the frame portion analyzed. Because the sludge length cannot change instantaneously and the sludge cannot move against the blood flow, it can be identified in the next frame.
  • the invention can be illustrated by the following hardware implementation.
  • Figure 1 shows the device for automatic capillary blood flow diagnostics which consists of a casing (1); an illuminating system (2) that produces and focuses a light beam on the patient's finger nail bed so the light spot be in the focus (3) of the magnifying optical system (4) that images the capillary blood flow; a finger holder (5) that includes an adjusting system (6) for moving the patient's finger under observation and the whole hand relative to the focus (3) of the imaging optical system; an imaging optical system (4) for magnifying capillary images that is arranged above the patient's finger; a CCD matrix based sensing head (7) arranged on the magnifying optical system; a processor (8) that transforms the CCD matrix signal to a standard video signal; a video signal amplifier (9) that enhances image contrast (optional); an external computer (10) with a standard video input card, connected to the output of the CCD matrix processor, which processes the video image obtained from the matrix according to the software to obtain numeric capillary blood flow parameters and is characterized in that the computer's monitor plays the
  • the patient's hand holder (5) can be configured with an automatic blood pressure gage (11) equipped with a computer data input interface (12) and connected to the external computer that records the capillary images, thereby allowing one to control blood flow speed in the capillaries and study the dynamic parameters of capillary blood flow under stress, by changing the pressure in the blood pressure gage sleeve.
  • an automatic blood pressure gage (11) equipped with a computer data input interface (12) and connected to the external computer that records the capillary images, thereby allowing one to control blood flow speed in the capillaries and study the dynamic parameters of capillary blood flow under stress, by changing the pressure in the blood pressure gage sleeve.
  • the video signal amplifier (9) is not necessary, and the output of the CCD matrix' (7) processor (8) is connected directly to the input of the external computer's (10) video card, hence the video signal amplifier (9) is optional.
  • the optical light source (2) can be either an incandescent lamp with a set of color filters and a focusing optical system or a coherent light source, such as a low-power laser, with a system of optical waveguides or without it.
  • the patient's hand is placed on the support (5) that provides for hand and finger fixing.
  • the test nail bed is moved to the focus of the optical system. Blood flow dynamics under the nail bed are recorded by means of a CCD matrix.
  • a capillary is chosen in the first frame, and the above sequence of operations for capillary study are performed.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of medicine, namely, medical diagnostics, and can be used for diagnostic purposes, namely, for the assessment of patient's health and the determination of the effect of medical treatment. For the implementation of the method, the patient's limb is placed on the holder, so the nail-bed be in the focus of the optical system. Information on the blood flow dynamics under the nail-bed is recorded on an information carrier. A capillary is chosen for the determination of blood flow speed, and the transition, arterial and venous portions of the capillary are detected. The diameters of the capillary portions are determined, and the blood flow speed is calculated on the basis of the previously measured parameters.

Description

Capillary Blood Flow Speed Determination Method
The present invention relates to the field of medicine, namely, to medical diagnostics, and can be used for diagnostic purposes, namely, for the determination of patient's state and assessment of the effect of medicinal treatment.
At present, capillary blood flow in patients is studied in rare cases, although it is well-known that the capillaries are quite sensitive to changes in human health.
The Applicant has no information on methods and devices analogous to the present invention.
The technical problem resolved by this invention is the development of new diagnostic techniques based on capillary blood flow.
The technical result of the present invention is tangible optimization of medicinal treatment and authentic assessment of patient's state.
It is suggested to solve the present task by placing patient's limb (hand or foot) onto a support which preferably provides for fixing of the fingers, for example, by a limb lodgment of an appropriate shape. One of the finger nail beds is placed under the focuses of the illuminating and the receiving optical systems of the device. A capillary is chosen, and the focuses of the illuminating and the receiving systems are adjusted to achieve the clearest capillary image for further recording of capillary blood flow by means of image capturing. The latter procedure can be performed in single frame or motion picture modes. Computer memory storage is also available. The information retrieved is then processed. Hereafter, for the sake of simplicity, we will consider only single frame operation mode in the present Application. It should be remembered, however, that the present method is applicable, in principle, to any capillary image acquisition mode. Initially, the capillary chosen is identified in each of the frames. This identification is necessary because the patient's limb moves (e.g. due to breath) and causes the capillary chosen to move in the observation field. The capillary chosen can be identified using the well-known correlation search algorithm for a two-color image. However, it is preferred to use the method of minimum difference between the current and the reference images. To this end, a two-color image is obtained at the first stage in a conventional method. Further, accepting the area containing the test capillary as the reference image, the following expression is calculated for each element of the large image:
ΣΣ|C2( + mj + ) - Cλ(i,j)\
where C2 is the search area element array (the whole frame in the case considered), C2 is the reference image element array, m and n are the parameters determining the window (reference area) position in the search area, and Mx N is the number of elements in the array.
The calculations are performed sequentially from point to point. Once all of the windows have been analyzed, the smallest window is selected and accepted as the one corresponding to the reference position.
To accelerate the search procedure, a black and white image sized 720 x 540 elements can be transformed to a 72 x 54 elements one. The transformation is performed in the following way. The number of black elements in a 10 x 10 elements area of the large image is counted and, if this number is greater than 50, that area is assigned the value "black" in the small image, otherwise, its value is "white". This procedure reduces the number of steps in the search.
After choosing a capillary in the frame, the capillary's course is detected. The capillary must be oriented left to right in the frame, with the capillary bend (the transition portion) being in the left-hand side of the image. The capillary's transition portion boundaries are determined by scanning the image in the vertical direction. The initial point of the transition portion is marked when two reliable black-to-white and white-to-black color inversions are obtained. After that, four reliable inversions are determined during further scanning in the vertical direction at other horizontal positions, and their coordinate is accepted as the end point of the capillary's transition portion. The horizontal shifting and the vertical scanning are continued until the arterial and venous portion boundaries are detected from four color inversions.
The capillary transition portion diameter is determined as the distance between the initial and the final points of the transition portion detected in the above way during capillary course retrieval. The venous and arterial portion diameters are accepted as the mean distance between the points marking the portion boundaries.
Prior to capillary blood flow speed measurement, the flow direction is determined. Two factors are taken into account in this procedure, i.e., that blood always flows from the arterial portion to the venous one and that the arterial portion is thinner than the venous one in 90% of cases. A measuring area, sized about 20% of the portion length, is chosen in the first frame studied. In the next frame the shift of the measuring area is determined, and the capillary blood flow speed is calculated from that shift and the frame frequency. Moreover, the number of blood sludges can be determined during flow speed determination. The sludge is a blood coagulant with a length of from 1-1.5 capillary diameter to 0.5 capillary length, framed from the rear and front sides with two relatively portions of light blood with a length of up to one capillary diameter. The number of sludges is determined from the two-color image obtained earlier. To avoid counting one sludge several times, the following steps are performed. The sludge length is measured, and the sludge is located in the frame portion analyzed. Because the sludge length cannot change instantaneously and the sludge cannot move against the blood flow, it can be identified in the next frame.
The invention can be illustrated by the following hardware implementation.
Figure 1 shows the device for automatic capillary blood flow diagnostics which consists of a casing (1); an illuminating system (2) that produces and focuses a light beam on the patient's finger nail bed so the light spot be in the focus (3) of the magnifying optical system (4) that images the capillary blood flow; a finger holder (5) that includes an adjusting system (6) for moving the patient's finger under observation and the whole hand relative to the focus (3) of the imaging optical system; an imaging optical system (4) for magnifying capillary images that is arranged above the patient's finger; a CCD matrix based sensing head (7) arranged on the magnifying optical system; a processor (8) that transforms the CCD matrix signal to a standard video signal; a video signal amplifier (9) that enhances image contrast (optional); an external computer (10) with a standard video input card, connected to the output of the CCD matrix processor, which processes the video image obtained from the matrix according to the software to obtain numeric capillary blood flow parameters and is characterized in that the computer's monitor plays the role of a TV monitor for capillary blood flow observation, while the computer itself acts as a device for accumulating the video data for further reference and storage.
The patient's hand holder (5) can be configured with an automatic blood pressure gage (11) equipped with a computer data input interface (12) and connected to the external computer that records the capillary images, thereby allowing one to control blood flow speed in the capillaries and study the dynamic parameters of capillary blood flow under stress, by changing the pressure in the blood pressure gage sleeve.
Provided the output signal level from the processor (8) that processes the CCD matrix (7) signal is sufficient for the video input card of the external computer (10), the video signal amplifier (9) is not necessary, and the output of the CCD matrix' (7) processor (8) is connected directly to the input of the external computer's (10) video card, hence the video signal amplifier (9) is optional.
The optical light source (2) can be either an incandescent lamp with a set of color filters and a focusing optical system or a coherent light source, such as a low-power laser, with a system of optical waveguides or without it.
In the method implementation, the patient's hand is placed on the support (5) that provides for hand and finger fixing. The test nail bed is moved to the focus of the optical system. Blood flow dynamics under the nail bed are recorded by means of a CCD matrix. A capillary is chosen in the first frame, and the above sequence of operations for capillary study are performed.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of capillary blood flow determination, characterized in that the patient's limb is placed on a support, the test nail bed is arranged in the focus of the optical system, the blood flow dynamics under the nail bed are recorded on an information carrier, the capillary for blood flow speed determination is chosen, the transition, arterial, and venous portions of that capillary are separated, and the capillary portion diameters and the blood flow speed are measured on the basis of the capillary portion sizes measured before.
2. A method according to Claim 1, differing in that the information carrier is a monitor, a still or motion picture photographic film, or computer memory.
3. A method according to Claim 2, differing in that the blood flow dynamics are determined by comparing consecutive frames.
PCT/RU1999/000311 1998-10-19 1999-08-26 Capillary blood flow speed determination method Ceased WO2000022984A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU58876/99A AU5887699A (en) 1998-10-19 1999-08-26 Capillary blood flow speed determination method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU98119054/14A RU2160041C2 (en) 1998-10-19 1998-10-19 Method for determination of capillary blood circulation rate
RU98119054 1998-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000022984A1 true WO2000022984A1 (en) 2000-04-27

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RU (1) RU2160041C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000022984A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2231286C1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-06-27 Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова Device for measuring capillary blood circulation velocity
RU2294689C2 (en) * 2005-05-18 2007-03-10 Юрий Ильич Гурфинкель Device for non-invasive monitoring of dynamic characteristics of capillaries and capillary blood flow
RU2368321C1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-09-27 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Российский научный центр "Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия" имени академика Г.А. Илизарова Федерального агентства по высокотехнологичной медицинской помощи" Method of evaluating limb muscle vascularisation
RU2546290C1 (en) * 2013-11-06 2015-04-10 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Самарский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Method of predicting condition of venous outflow from vessels of brain in flu patients
RU2545886C1 (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-04-10 Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Самарский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Method of predicting condition of venous outflow from regional vessels of flu patients

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU774541A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-10-30 Предприятие П/Я А-1772 Device for measuring blood flow speed in microvessels of living organisms
SU950309A1 (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-08-15 Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Электротехнический Институт Им.В.И.Ульянова (Ленина) Method of visual measuring of blood circulation rate in vessels

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU774541A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-10-30 Предприятие П/Я А-1772 Device for measuring blood flow speed in microvessels of living organisms
SU950309A1 (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-08-15 Ленинградский Ордена Ленина Электротехнический Институт Им.В.И.Ульянова (Ленина) Method of visual measuring of blood circulation rate in vessels

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Bolshaya sovetskaya Entsiklopedya, III izd., M., Sovetskaya entsiklopedya, 1973, volume 11, page 346. *

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Publication number Publication date
AU5887699A (en) 2000-05-08
RU2160041C2 (en) 2000-12-10

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