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WO2000020649A1 - Procede et dispositif convertisseur avec agitateur electromagnetique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif convertisseur avec agitateur electromagnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000020649A1
WO2000020649A1 PCT/SE1999/001613 SE9901613W WO0020649A1 WO 2000020649 A1 WO2000020649 A1 WO 2000020649A1 SE 9901613 W SE9901613 W SE 9901613W WO 0020649 A1 WO0020649 A1 WO 0020649A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
electromagnetic
enclosure
travelling field
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1999/001613
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christer Carlsson
Anders Thrum
Alf LUNDSTRÖM
Lars Nordekvist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB AB filed Critical ABB AB
Publication of WO2000020649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000020649A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1678—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting
    • F27D1/1684—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting by a special coating applied to the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
    • F27D2099/0026—Electric heating elements or system with a generator of electromagnetic radiations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a converter arrangement and method for refinery of molten iron or steel, and in particular to a converter arrangement equipped with stir- rer means and a refinery method including stirring.
  • the converter arrangement typically comprises an enclosure for the molten iron or steel, internally covered by a thick lining of refractory material and a gas injection lance introduced through a top opening of the enclosure.
  • the LD process (Linz-Donauwitz process) has been used to con- vert hot iron into steel.
  • the LD process performs the refinery of iron at low cost and a high production rate.
  • the LD process is normally performed in a refractory lined crucible, called converter, with a vertical water-cooled oxygen lance entering the converter from above.
  • the converter is normally tiltable for charging, tapping and deslagging.
  • the charge is normally made up of hot iron metal plus scrap and fluxes. Cold pig iron and iron ore can also be charged.
  • the essential feature of the LD process is that heat produced by the reaction of oxygen with various substances in the metal is used to achieve the desired final conditions with respect of composition and temperature. No external sources of en- ergy are used. Oxygen is blown with a supersonic speed onto the hot metal, which initiates different thermochemical reactions. The main chemical reactions during the blow are exothermic oxidation " of carbon, silicon, manganese and iron. The heat produced by these reactions are sufficient to raise the temperature of the metal and allows the use of scrap, cold pig iron, iron ore to balance the excess heat. Some reaction elements are discharged as gas, some form the slag.
  • the agitation and circulation of the bath is to a minor extent caused by the force of the gas jet, but the main action is caused by the intense heat production within the converter. Slag and metal intermixes, and different reactions are promoted or obstructed.
  • the selection of chemical reactions is partly determined by the characteristics of the oxygen blow. A high speed of the oxygen jet means a larger penetration into the bath, promoting certain reactions to take place.
  • the blow is interrupted.
  • the converter is tilted down for tapping into a ladle, normally through a tap opening in the upper part of the converter.
  • the melted metal is covered by a relatively thick slag layer, which is undesirable in the ladle.
  • slag prevention devices include sensors positioned close to the tap opening, sensing when the metal level has decreased to a certain level, and then closing the tap opening.
  • sensors positioned close to the tap opening, sensing when the metal level has decreased to a certain level, and then closing the tap opening.
  • Slag splashing is the use of the remaining slag, which as such is a refractory material, to cover the interior of the converter, after a completed tapping.
  • the slag splashing is normally performed by turning the con- verter into a vertical position again after tapping, introducing a gas jet lance and with an extremely hard blow of inert gases spread the slag over the inner surfaces of the converter.
  • the slag will then act as a part of the lining during the following production cycle.
  • the number of production cycles can in this manner be increased to at least 10 - 20,000.
  • gas stirring normally takes place near the centre of the converter. Gas stirring close to the side walls is difficult to achieve and is normally omitted, resulting in less stirred volumes along the side walls of the converter, as compared with the centre. Furthermore, the introduced gas volumes are moving through the melt the easiest way. The introduction of solid metal pieces may therefore significantly change the flow pattern. Therefore, the gas stirring does not significantly move the solid pieces around, and the stirring in the vicinity of the pieces is normally also reduces. As a consequence, large pieces of solid metal may be present in the melt until the process is nearly finished. Furthermore, the general stirring effect may be strongly different from one production cycle to the other, which negatively may influence the reproducibility.
  • Gas stirring is also believed to function more as a promoter for the reactions at the metal-to-slag interface, rather than providing a reliable actual stirring. In that re- spect, the gas stirring may in some cases even enhance composition gradients within the converter than decreasing them. Furthermore, dead volumes, which are not properly stirred by the refinery process itself, are difficult to reach and stir by gas stirring.
  • Another disadvantage with converters according to the state of the art occurs at the emptying phase.
  • the emptying phase the molten metal exiting through the tap opening give rise to a vortex.
  • the vortex tends to draw surface particles down in the centre of the vortex. This is also the case during tapping a converter.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to present an improved device and method for a converter process, which method removes or significantly decreases the above mentioned disadvantages with prior art. It is also an object of the present invention to present a device and method which is functional together with slag splashing as well as without.
  • a converter process according to the present invention comprises introduction of iron into a converter, injection of oxygen, promoting a refinery process and inducing stirring, and emptying the converter, and is characterised by the application of an electromagnetic travelling field through the converter, inducing an additional stirring flow.
  • the converter process according to the present invention may also comprise slag splashing.
  • a device according to the present invention similarly comprises a converter enclosure, a gas injection lance and is characterised by an electromagnetic stirrer acting through the enclosure walls.
  • the electromagnetic stirring application is performed during and/or after the oxygen injection, whereby the strength and/or frequency can be varied with time, e.g. when the risk for slopping is high, when solid pieces are added or according to a predetermined schedule, such as a periodical application.
  • a preferred embodiment also includes application of the electromagnetic travelling fields during the emptying step counteracting vortex creation and removing slag from the area around the tap opening.
  • the electromagnetic stirrer is arranged removably in close connection with the converter enclosure, and most preferably at a nonmagnetic, e.g. stainless steel, window.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a converter according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention during an emptying stage
  • Fig. 3a-c are horizontal cross-sectional views of different embodiments of electromagnetic stirrers giving different types of stirring flow patterns.
  • a converter generally referred to as 1
  • the enclosure 8 comprises an outer shell 18, preferably of a metallic material, and a lining 20 of refractory material covering the inner side of the outer shell 18.
  • the lining 20 protects the outer shell 18 from the heat, wear and chemical reactivity present inside the enclosure 8.
  • the lining 20 is very thick, often in the range of 600 - 900 mm.
  • the enclosure 8 comprises a bottom part 10, side walls 12 and a top part 14 with an opening 16.
  • the enclosure 8 has a generally rounded-off shape; forming a gradual transition from bottom 10 to side walls 12 and from side walls 12 to top part 14, respectively.
  • the general form of the enclosure 8 has a height-to-width ratio which normally is larger than unity.
  • Solid pieces containing iron, such as scrap, cold pig iron or iron ore are loaded into the converter by a charging crane (not shown).
  • An amount of hot molten metal 5 is spout-poured from charging ladles (not shown) into the converter 1 through the opening 16.
  • the gas injection lance 2 is removed and the converter 1 is normally slightly tilted during this loading process.
  • the converter is brought into a vertical position and the gas injection lance 2 is subsequently lowered through the opening 16.
  • An oxygen flow of super sonic speed is applied with the gas injection lance 2 and oxygen is flowing from the front end 6 of the gas injection lance 2 towards the surface of the hot molten metal 5.
  • the pure oxygen gas causes an ignition, whereby thermochemical reactions between elements in the metal and the oxygen gas takes place.
  • the ignition is obtained, fluxes are added.
  • the fluxes are required by slag chemistry to produce sufficient basic slag at an early stage of the blow. This protect the converter lining and reduces impurities to acceptable levels.
  • the fluxes may be added in one step or batchwise.
  • the main reactions taking place in the converter are exothermic oxidation of carbon, silicon, manganese and iron.
  • the burning of these elements with oxygen and the original heat content of the hot metal is sufficient to supply enough energy to melt the solid pieces loaded into the converter.
  • the powerful reactions also creates a stirring effect on the melt and slag.
  • the movement or stirring of the molten metal in the vicinity of solid pieces is limited, at least in the beginning of a refinery process, why the melting of solid pieces often takes undesirably long time.
  • an additional stirring action is applied.
  • an electromagnetic stirrer 3 is arranged at the bottom 10 and/or lower parts of the side walls 12 of the enclosure 8.
  • the electromagnetic stirrer 3 comprises electrical conductors arranged in connection with an iron core.
  • the iron core covers the area close to which the stirring is to be performed.
  • the electromagnetic stirrer 3 is given a design which is in substantial agreement with the outer form of the enclosure 8.
  • An electromagnetic travelling field is applied by the electromagnetic stirrer 3 through the lining 20 and enclosure shell 18 of the converter, and interacts with the molten metal 5 inside the converter 1.
  • the molten metal 5 tries to counteract the applied electromagnetic travelling field, which give rise to a mechanical force on the metal, i.e. a stirring action takes place.
  • This additional stirring in the metal 5 is not limited to areas reached by the oxygen jet, but is applied in volumes determined by the ac- tual shape and position of the electromagnetic stirrer 3. In this way, a stirring action can be applied in areas where solid pieces are present, thus promoting the melting of such pieces.
  • an electromagnetic travelling field is applied to achieve an additional stirring effect, thus promoting the homogenisation of the chemical composition throughout the entire melt.
  • the electromagnetic travelling field can be applied in the same manner as described above. Since this situation is be- lieved to occur at about the same time in each production cycle, the application of the electromagnetic travelling field can advantageously be carried out according to a predetermined schedule.
  • the electromagnetic travelling field can be applied with a strength and/or frequency which varies with time, e.g. in a periodical manner.
  • An additional stirring of varying power on the melt may in certain applications be more efficient to mix the melt than a continuous one.
  • the oxygen jet When the end of the oxygen blow phase of the refinery process is reached, the oxygen jet is turned off. In such a situation, the intense oxygen blow has also oversatu- rated the melt with oxygen.
  • an electromagnetic travelling field By applying an electromagnetic travelling field to the melt a certain time period after the end of the oxygen injection, an additional stirring is achieved. This stirring will -cause some of the excess oxygen to react with the remaining carbon, bringing down both the carbon content and the excess oxygen concentration. The reduction of the oxygen content is thus promoted by post-blow stir- ring.
  • the gas injection lance 2 is removed from the converter. Any external stirrer is preferably removed from its position relative the converter.
  • the stirrer 3 can be fixed at a bearer, which easily, preferably remote controlled, can be removed from the converter 1.
  • the converter is tilted in order to let the molten metal flow out through the tap opening.
  • an electromagnetic travelling field is applied to the molten metal through the walls of the converter. This is achieved by arranging an electromagnetic stirrer as close as possible to the tap opening.
  • the electromagnetic travelling field gives rise to a stirring of the molten metal.
  • the elec- tromagnetic travelling field is applied in such a way that the creation of the vortex is counteracted by the flow induced by the electromagnetic travelling field.
  • the fundamental design of the electromagnetic stirrer is similar to what is found in the state of the art. However, the heavy lining 12 of the enclosure 8 in a converter 1 and the amount of metal 5 put additional requirements on the electromagnetic stirrer 3.
  • a normal power transferred to the metal 5 is in the range of 20 W per ton of metal.
  • the requirements to obtain the process advantages are instead in the order of 100 W - 800 W per ton of metal, and since a normal amount of metal 5 in a converter 1 is in the order of 100 - 150 tons, the total requested power is huge. Because of this, a heating power of about 4 W/m 2 is transferred to the con- verter. Efficient air or water cooling has to be performed in order to reduce this heat transfer.
  • the converter 1 has an outer shell and a thick lining, which the electromagnetic travelling field has to penetrate. During this penetration, the strength of the electro- magnetic travelling field decreases significantly, and is converted into heat. There are a few favourable techniques to avoid a too large loss of power in the wall.
  • One way is to create a window in the converter, through which the electromagnetic travelling field may penetrate.
  • the window is positioned in the converter wall at the position for the electromagnetic stirrer. In order to reduce the losses in the window, it is favourably made of a non-magnetic material, such as e.g. austenitic stainless steel.
  • the stirrers basically consist of phase windings arranged around an iron core.
  • the pole division, the geometrical shape and size of the iron core etc. are similar to what is found at smaller designs.
  • different geometrical designs are sketched in horizontal cross section.
  • an electromagnetic stirrer 3a con- sists of two parts, arranged at opposite sides of the enclosure 8.
  • the direction in which the electromagnetic travelling field of the stirrers 3a are acting on the molten metal 5 in the enclosure 8, are indicated by arrows 32a.
  • the resulting stirring flow in the enclosure 8, is indicated by the arrows 30a.
  • FIG. 3b illustrates a single part elec- tromagnetic stirrer 3b, positioned below the bottom 10 of the enclosure 8.
  • the stirrer 3b acts on the molten metal 5 in the direction indicated by the arrow 32 b, and the resultant flow indicated by the arrows 30b is not rotational ly symmetric.
  • Fig. 3c shows an embodiment with two stirrer parts 3c, one stronger and one weaker, acting at the molten metal 5 according to the arrows 32c.
  • the resultant flow 30c has a sig- nificantly broken symmetry, which may be advantageously in certain applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé à convertisseur, qui consiste à appliquer un champ glissant électromagnétique à travers les parois (10, 12, 14) du convertisseur lors des différentes phases du processus de conversion. Le champ glissant électromagnétique induit un flux d'agitation additionnel. Ce procédé à convertisseur peut également utiliser la projection de laitier. Un dispositif convertisseur proposé par cette invention comprend de même, outre une enceinte (1) du convertisseur et une lance d'injection de gaz (2), un agitateur électromagnétique (3) agissant à travers les parois (10, 12, 14) de l'enceinte.
PCT/SE1999/001613 1998-09-30 1999-09-15 Procede et dispositif convertisseur avec agitateur electromagnetique Ceased WO2000020649A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9803319-4 1998-09-30
SE9803319A SE9803319L (sv) 1998-09-30 1998-09-30 Konverterprocess och anordning med elektromagnetisk omrörare

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000020649A1 true WO2000020649A1 (fr) 2000-04-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1999/001613 Ceased WO2000020649A1 (fr) 1998-09-30 1999-09-15 Procede et dispositif convertisseur avec agitateur electromagnetique

Country Status (2)

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SE (1) SE9803319L (fr)
WO (1) WO2000020649A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102719596A (zh) * 2012-03-29 2012-10-10 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种转炉留渣化炉底的方法
EP3380818A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2018-10-03 Danieli Corus BV Procédé et système de mesure de matériaux liquides et solides dans le processus de conversion de fer en acier dans des cuves ou fours métallurgiques

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113249541A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-13 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 一种底吹喷粉转炉的护炉方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE323156B (fr) * 1965-10-07 1970-04-27 Asea Ab
US3827877A (en) * 1968-11-29 1974-08-06 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Method of induction-refining a ferrous melt using a sponge iron charge
JPS57152415A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-20 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Controlling method for tapping of converter utilizing electromagnetic induction
US5091000A (en) * 1987-12-25 1992-02-25 Nkk Corporation Method for cleaning molten metal and apparatus therefor
US5738823A (en) * 1995-07-24 1998-04-14 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Meltdown apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE323156B (fr) * 1965-10-07 1970-04-27 Asea Ab
US3827877A (en) * 1968-11-29 1974-08-06 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Method of induction-refining a ferrous melt using a sponge iron charge
JPS57152415A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-20 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Controlling method for tapping of converter utilizing electromagnetic induction
US5091000A (en) * 1987-12-25 1992-02-25 Nkk Corporation Method for cleaning molten metal and apparatus therefor
US5738823A (en) * 1995-07-24 1998-04-14 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Meltdown apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 8243, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1982-91958E *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102719596A (zh) * 2012-03-29 2012-10-10 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种转炉留渣化炉底的方法
EP3380818A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2018-10-03 Danieli Corus BV Procédé et système de mesure de matériaux liquides et solides dans le processus de conversion de fer en acier dans des cuves ou fours métallurgiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9803319D0 (sv) 1998-09-30
SE9803319L (sv) 2000-03-31

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