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WO2000016261A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement d'images - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement d'images Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000016261A1
WO2000016261A1 PCT/DK1999/000393 DK9900393W WO0016261A1 WO 2000016261 A1 WO2000016261 A1 WO 2000016261A1 DK 9900393 W DK9900393 W DK 9900393W WO 0016261 A1 WO0016261 A1 WO 0016261A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pixels
colour
values
value
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK1999/000393
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Niels V. Knudsen
Michael Jønsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phase One AS
Phase One Denmark AS
Original Assignee
Phase One AS
Phase One Denmark AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phase One AS, Phase One Denmark AS filed Critical Phase One AS
Priority to DE69927239T priority Critical patent/DE69927239T2/de
Priority to AU48974/99A priority patent/AU4897499A/en
Priority to AT99932678T priority patent/ATE304726T1/de
Priority to JP2000570723A priority patent/JP2002525722A/ja
Priority to EP99932678A priority patent/EP1046132B1/fr
Publication of WO2000016261A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000016261A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4007—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on interpolation, e.g. bilinear interpolation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4015—Image demosaicing, e.g. colour filter arrays [CFA] or Bayer patterns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and a system for processing images.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method and a system for processing an image using interpolating.
  • a grey tone image may be represented digitally by a digital image comprising pixels each of which has one pixel value representing the grey tone of the corresponding pixel.
  • a colour image may be represented by a digital image comprising pixels each of which have three pixel values, one for each of the colours red, green, and blue.
  • a digital image is created by transmission of light towards an object and detection by an electronic camera of light reflected from or transmitted through the object.
  • a digital image may be created by transmission of any kind of radiated energy, such as electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, radio waves, etc, ultrasound energy, particle energy, such as electrons, neutrons, etc, etc, towards an object for interaction with the object and by detection of energy having interacted with the object, such as by reflection, refraction, absorption, etc.
  • a digital image may be formed by any imaging system, such as radiometer systems, infrared systems, radar systems, ultrasound systems, X-ray systems, electronic cameras, digital scanners, etc, adapted to detect the kind of energy in question and to generate a digital image based on the energy detection.
  • imaging system such as radiometer systems, infrared systems, radar systems, ultrasound systems, X-ray systems, electronic cameras, digital scanners, etc, adapted to detect the kind of energy in question and to generate a digital image based on the energy detection.
  • the amount of energy needed to record a digital image with a desired signal to noise ratio is determined by the noise level in the imaging system.
  • Energy detectors of any kind generate noise that adds to the signal desired to be recorded.
  • the signal to noise level of a digital image is typically required to be comparable to if not better than the signal to noise level of an image recorded on a photographic film for subsequent reproduction in professional publications.
  • an image recording system operating in the visible light range of electromagnetic radiation such as an electronic camera, a digital camera, an electronic scanner, a digital scanner, etc, uses a solid state imaging device, typically a charge — coupled device (CCD), for recording of an image.
  • a solid state imaging device typically a charge — coupled device (CCD)
  • the CCD is an array of a large number of light sensitive detectors connected to each other as an analog shift register.
  • each detector of the CCD a charge is formed that is proportional to the light energy incident on the detector during an integration period.
  • the analog charge of each detector is shifted serially out of the CCD and is typically converted to a digital value whereby a digital representation of the recorded image is formed.
  • Each pixel value of the digital image is equal to the digitised charge of the corresponding CCD detector.
  • the pixel values may be transferred to an external computer through a computer interface or may be stored on a memory card or on a rotating magnetic recording medium.
  • linear CCDs in an image recording system in which the linear CCDs light-sensing detectors are arranged in a single line. Typically, the array is moved across the image, scanning it one line at a time. For colour images, filters can be placed in front of the array, which then makes three passes across the image during image recording.
  • the trilinear CCD array which comprises three linear CCDs positioned side by side. Each line is covered by its own colour filter. The array makes a single pass across the image, and each linear CCD records a line at a time.
  • a two-dimensional CCD array can capture the entire image in a very short time.
  • Three separate exposures with three colour filters can be used to make a colour representation.
  • the colour filters can be placed in a rotating wheel that sequentially inserts each colour filter in the optical path between the image forming optics of the image recording system and the two-dimensional CCD array.
  • the term exposure is to be understood in a broad sense as the time period during which an energy sensor is actually sensing the energy.
  • a photographic film is exposed to light whenever light is incident upon it, while a CCD is exposed to light when the elements of the CCD are allowed to integrate light incident upon them.
  • the CCD is not exposed when its light sensing elements are short-circuited although light may be incident upon them.
  • a digital image may be downsized by reducing the number of pixels of the digital image by an integer, e.g. by a number of four.
  • the pixels of the original digital image is divided into sets of four pixels each and each set of pixels is transformed into a new pixel of a pixel value equal to the average value of the original pixel values.
  • a new digital image of one-fourth the size of the original digital image is generated.
  • a disadvantage of these complex conventional processing methods is related to the time required for processing the image. To obtain a high quality colour image complicated mathematical algorithms are applied in the process of transforming a low-resolution colour image into a high-resolution colour image.
  • a further disadvantage of the conventional processing methods is related to the presence of colour artefact (aliasing) which significantly disturbs the interpretation of a colour image.
  • adjacent is meant that the selected set of pixels should be near the selected pixel.
  • significantly reduced should be understood as lowly weighted or excluded from the selected set of pixels.
  • the image processing method further comprising the steps of
  • the image processing method further includes a step, wherein colour (B) values of the set of pixels with the lowest variation value are included in the calculation of the colour (A) value.
  • the colour (B) values are included in the calculation of variation values of the first and second set of pixels, respectively.
  • each of the steps of calculating variation values of the first and second set of pixels comprises
  • the step of calculating the colour (A) value comprises
  • the colour (A) value may be calculated from not only two colour values.
  • the colour (A) value may be calculated from an arbitrary number of colour values.
  • the image recorded for further processing may be recorded by an electronic camera comprising a scanner or a CCD or a Bulk Charge Modulated Device (BCMD).
  • an electronic camera comprising a CCD the camera may further comprise a colour filter mask positioned in front of the CCD, said colour filter mask comprising a plurality of colour filters.
  • the colour filter mask may be of the type Bayer 2G.
  • the selected set of pixels may take any form and may comprise an arbitrary number of pixels. —
  • the selected sets of pixels may be arranged in rows and columns parallel to the rows and columns of the pixels in the image matrix.
  • the selected sets of pixels may be arranged in rows at an angle of approximately 45 degree relative to the rows and columns of pixels in the image.
  • the selected sets of pixels may be arranged in rows and columns parallel to the rows and columns of the pixels in the image matrix and at an angle of ap- proximately 45 degree relative to the rows and columns of pixels in the image.
  • the selected set of pixels may also be arranged at an arbitrary angle relative to the rows and columns of the pixels in the image.
  • the number of selected sets of pixels may be arbitrary. Preferably the number of selected sets of pixels is larger than 2, such as 4.
  • a processor that is connected to the memory and that is adapted for interpolating a colour (A) value of a selected pixel by calculating the colour (A) value from colour values of a selected set of pixels that are positioned adjacent to the selected pixel, the influence of at least one pixel abutting the selected pixel being significantly reduced whereby blurring of distinct features of the image is substantially avoided.
  • the image processing system may further comprise an elec- tronic camera comprising a scanner and CCD. It is an advantage of the present invention is that the method and system significantly improves the ability to estimate the missing luminance information in a digitised image. A correct estimation of the missing luminance information is vital for the impression of sharpness and detail richness.
  • It is further advantage of the present invention is that all chrominance information are preserved to give images the highest degree of colour fidelity while avoiding all of the well known aliasing.
  • It is a still further advantage of the present invention is the relative low complexity of the method that makes it easy to implement in both software and/or hardware based applications.
  • the method is also applicable in other areas of imaging such as image scaling, image compression and visual enhancements such as unsharp masking and noise reduction.
  • Fig. 1 shows a colour filter pattern of the type Bayer 2G.
  • Each cell in the grid represents a photosite or pixel on the m x n array CCD where m is the number of photosites in each row on the CCD, n is the number of rows on the CCD, R is the number of photosites covered with red filter material (called Red photosites), G is the number of photosites covered with green filter material (called Green photosites) and B is the number of photosites covered with blue filter material (called Blue photosites)
  • Fig. 2 shows an illustration of four selected set of pixels.
  • Fig. 3 shows a reference image recorded using a state-of-art digital camera with three CCD arrays.
  • Fig. 4 shows an image recorded using a digital camera with only one CCD array and processed according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows an image recorded using a digital camera with only one CCD array and processed according to convention methods.
  • Green and Blue values have to be estimated at photosites covered with Red filter material and the Blue and Red values at photosites covered with Green filter material and finally the Red and Green values at photosites covered with Blue filter material.
  • Bayer pattern has twice the amount of photosites covered with Green filter material than those with Blue and Red filter material, hence the name Bayer 2G.
  • the part of the visual wavelengths sampled by the Green photosites represents most of the pure luminance information.
  • the Blue and Red photosites carries most of the cromi- nance information, but the fact that the Blue and Red photosites also carries a lot of pure luminance information is crucial for the interpolation method of the present invention.
  • the missing Green information at photosites covered with Red filter material is solely based on the variation between values from a selected set of Green and Red photosites taken from the surrounding area.
  • the set of values from photosites must be segmented in such a way that it is possible to distinguish between edge boundaries.
  • the same principle can be applied when selecting the set of pixels for estimating the Green samples at Blue photosites. Again, the set of photosites that are chosen for each set of pixels is critical for the correctness of the estimation.
  • the 4 sets of pixels appears to be sufficient for detection of very fine details still without introducing too much noise and other artefacts in low detail areas of the image.
  • a variation value, corr is calculated for each set of pixels.
  • the variation function ex- presses to which extend the information reduced from one colour at a given site can be used to estimate the influence of the same colour at a different site, i.e. to reduce the influence of the Green colour at e.g. the photosite of a Red filter.
  • G is the green pixels in the set of pixels
  • R is the red pixels in the set of pixels
  • m is the number of pixels in each set of pixels
  • mean is the average ratio between red and green pixels
  • corr is the variations between red and green pixels. Lower values represent higher correlation.
  • the missing colour at a given photosite is expressed in terms of the information contained in the selected set of pixels. If the variation is below a certain threshold, due to noise or other factors, an alternative set of pixels using a different variation method may be selected.
  • Rw is the weighted sum of Red samples in the set of pixels
  • Gw is the weighted sum of Green samples in the set of pixels
  • Rk is the sampled value from the photosite in question
  • Ge is the estimated Green value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Color Television Systems (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention, qui a trait à un procédé ainsi qu'à un dispositif de traitement d'images, porte, plus particulièrement, sur un procédé et sur un dispositif utilisant le principe de l'interpolation. On détermine, dans le cadre de ce procédé, une valeur d'écart pour différents ensembles de pixels dans un dispositif à couplage de charge (DCC) et l'on sélectionne l'ensemble de pixels possédant la corrélation la plus élevée (la valeur numérique la plus faible). On exprime une couleur faisant défaut à un pixel donné à l'aide de l'information que renferme l'ensemble sélectionné de pixels. Si la valeur d'écart est inférieure à un certain seuil en raison du bruit ou d'autres facteurs, il est possible de sélectionner un autre ensemble de pixels au moyen d'une technique différente d'écart. La couleur manquante est estimée comme étant une somme pondérée, des échantillons de vert par exemple, divisée par la somme pondérée, des échantillons de rouge par exemple, multipliée par la valeur échantillonnée provenant du pixel à estimer.
PCT/DK1999/000393 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 Procede et dispositif de traitement d'images Ceased WO2000016261A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69927239T DE69927239T2 (de) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 System und verfahren zur verarbeitung von bildern
AU48974/99A AU4897499A (en) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 A method and a system for processing images
AT99932678T ATE304726T1 (de) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 System und verfahren zur verarbeitung von bildern
JP2000570723A JP2002525722A (ja) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 画像処理方法とシステム
EP99932678A EP1046132B1 (fr) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 Procede et dispositif de traitement d'images

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA199801161 1998-09-15
DKPA199801161 1998-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000016261A1 true WO2000016261A1 (fr) 2000-03-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1999/000393 Ceased WO2000016261A1 (fr) 1998-09-15 1999-07-09 Procede et dispositif de traitement d'images

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6912004B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1046132B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002525722A (fr)
CN (1) CN1288549A (fr)
AT (1) ATE304726T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4897499A (fr)
DE (1) DE69927239T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000016261A1 (fr)

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CN103995364A (zh) * 2014-05-26 2014-08-20 中国科学技术大学 复色激光散斑图像的处理方法及装置
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WO2017125162A1 (fr) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 Sony Mobile Communications Inc. Procédé et dispositif de suppression de mosaïques d'images en couleur
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US9431444B2 (en) 2011-02-21 2016-08-30 Fujifilm Corporation Single-plate color imaging element including color filters arranged on pixels
EP2683167B1 (fr) * 2011-02-28 2018-05-02 Fujifilm Corporation Dispositif d'imagerie couleur
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EP1046132A1 (fr) 2000-10-25
AU4897499A (en) 2000-04-03
DE69927239T2 (de) 2006-07-13
EP1046132B1 (fr) 2005-09-14
ATE304726T1 (de) 2005-09-15
JP2002525722A (ja) 2002-08-13
CN1288549A (zh) 2001-03-21
DE69927239D1 (de) 2005-10-20
US6912004B1 (en) 2005-06-28

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