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WO2000005948A1 - Compositions insectifuges et repoussant les tiques, contenant du geraniol se degageant sous forme vapeur, et procedes y relatifs - Google Patents

Compositions insectifuges et repoussant les tiques, contenant du geraniol se degageant sous forme vapeur, et procedes y relatifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000005948A1
WO2000005948A1 PCT/US1999/000997 US9900997W WO0005948A1 WO 2000005948 A1 WO2000005948 A1 WO 2000005948A1 US 9900997 W US9900997 W US 9900997W WO 0005948 A1 WO0005948 A1 WO 0005948A1
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Prior art keywords
geraniol
insects
ticks
accordance
repellent
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PCT/US1999/000997
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Carl J. Abraham
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tick, red fire ant and insect repellents based on Geraniol mixtures and compounds. More specifically, the invention is directed to the incorporation of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG into a solid or liquid medium from which the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG, can vaporize at ambient temperatures at a rate sufficient to repel insects.
  • the invention also teaches the incorporation of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG into a candle, from which the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG, can vaporize when lit.
  • Ticks are known to be carriers of disease, particularly ly e disease, a serious debilitating illness.
  • Various prior art products which seek to repel ticks from human beings have met with little success.
  • DEET N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide
  • Citronella and/or DEET in the prior art to repel insects from a surface by depositing Citronella, and/or DEET on the surface.
  • Ticks are contact anthropods that attach themselves to a human through contact with their clothing after brushing against a bush, tall grass or an animal such as a dog.
  • prior art insecticides which are highly toxic are sprayed only on clothing. Because of their toxicity they may not be applied to the skin.
  • Geraniol can be an effective insect repellent. See for example, U.S. Patents Nos. 5,633,236, 5,635,173 and 5,665,781 to Warren et al, European Patent No. 0660667 to Warren et al., and U.S. Patent No. 5,753,686 to Marin et al .
  • the use of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG to repel ticks and as a vapor to repel insects, without requiring contact of the ticks and insects with a surface to which the repellent had been applied was unknown.
  • DEET can be vaporized with the aid of a fragrance to repel insects before they land on a person.
  • DEET is also of limited effectiveness against ticks. DEET cannot be used under clothing. It is effective only on exposed skin.
  • Prior art repellent encapsulation systems have a very limited life and are typically effective for less than one week.
  • Such prior art systems are also very complex in that they require lactone groups and hydroxyl groups, and/or polyurethane in the repellent medium.
  • Others call for polyoxyalkylene diols, linear polyster diols, and the reaction product of one or more alkylene diols with a difunctional linear polyester derived from the condensation of one or more diols with one or more dibasic acids.
  • Still others require poly(epsilon caprolactone) as a cross linking agent for polyurethane.
  • Highly volatile materials such as esthers, ethers, and aldehydes are commonly found in prior art compositions. Such prior art compositions are inherently unstable and therefore require stabilizers.
  • My U.S. Patent No. 5,738,862 describes a formulation for releasing DEET into the atmosphere to repel flying insects, including a molded system created without encapsulation that results in the slow vaporization of a relatively non-volatile liquid into the air to repel insects.
  • DEET has been found to have limited effectiveness in repelling anthropods such as ticks.
  • the aforementioned problems of the prior art are overcome by the instant invention which provides for the incorporation of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG an a fragrance oil into a solid thermoplastic material such as polyethylene or polystyrene or a liquid medium such as alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol to form an effective system for repelling insects through the emission of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor therefrom and its dispersion into the atmosphere at ambient temperatures.
  • a solid thermoplastic material such as polyethylene or polystyrene
  • a liquid medium such as alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol
  • the invention for the first time, enables the use of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor as an insect repellent through the use of fragrances containing middle and low note ingredients that, during molding into products, retain large amounts of residual ingredients at short term exposures to 170°F to 195°F.
  • the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG formulation may also be applied by dabbing a towelette containing the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG solution of the invention onto limited areas of the body, e.g., the wrists and elbows.
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG is dispersed into the surrounding air, such applications are effective in repelling insects before they reach the body thereby rendering the entire body protected.
  • the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG when applied to the skin and under one's clothing, also prevents ticks from penetrating clothing and coming in contact with the proximate skin.
  • the invention further provides for the incorporation of a mixture of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and a fragrance oil into the wax of a candle.
  • the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG withstands the heat of the candle and is carried into the atmosphere with the vaporized fragrance oil and candle wax to form an effective system for repelling insects through the emission of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor therefrom and its dispersion into the atmosphere.
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG with or without fragranced oil, can also be sprayed into the air, e.g., inside a barn, to repel flying insects.
  • fragranced oil enhances the spread and effectiveness of the active ingredient, i.e., Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG .
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor can be dispersed at ambient temperatures to repel insects .
  • 7 ⁇ nother object of the invention is to provide an insect repellent medium from which Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol
  • CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor can be dispersed from a solid or liquid medium over a period of time on the order of a month or more.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a repellent medium which is effective in repelling ticks, red fire ants, and insects yet non-toxic to humans and animals.
  • the present invention employs a mixture of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and a volatile fragrance oil having residual ingredients that are retentive, preferably in the range of 170°F - 195°F.
  • Geraniol Coeur (3,7 dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-l-ol ) contains Geraniol, Citronella, and Nerol in the proportions: Geraniol 50o-75o (all percentages herein being by weight), Citronella 20?>-357 ' ,, and Nerol 57,-20?,, by weight.
  • Geraniol CFT (3,7 dimethyl-2, 6- octadien-1-ol or 2,6 dimethyl-2, 6-octadien-8-ol ) contains Geraniol and Nerol in the proportions: Geraniol 707,-95?,, Nerol up to 12", by weight.
  • Geraniol RG (3,7 dimethyl-2, 6-octadien- l-ol) contains Geraniol and Nerol in the proportions: Geraniol 50?,-75?,, Nerol 257,-45?,, by weight.
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG as an insect repellent for people has had limited use in frangrances, which did not include use as a repellent.
  • None in the prior art has a vapor of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG emitted from a carrier not applied to the skin been used as the repellent.
  • Applicant has discovered that only a very small amount of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor is necessary to repel insects including, without limitation, mosquitoes flies, gnats, and fleas.
  • the invention is also based, in part, on the discovery of a volatile material that is compatible with Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG.
  • the volatile material is mixed with Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG to form an insect repellent solution.
  • a fragrance oil that has a large amount of residual ingredients at short term exposures to 170°F-195°F is a volatile material which can carry molecules of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor into the atmosphere where they are dispersed and act as a repellent against insects.
  • the liquid system formed from the solution of fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG can be molded into solid plastic pellets which can then be molded into utilitarian objects, e.g., wrist bands and ankle bands, capable of repelling insects can be fabricated by conventional methods.
  • Insect repelling wrist and ankle bands can contain between 207, and 307, Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and approximately 57, fragrance, by weight.
  • the liquid system formed from the solution of fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG can be mixed into a wax from which candles are molded. Also, the liquid system formed from the solution of fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG can be or placed in a solution of alcohol or water/alcohol in conjunction with a wick system to disperse the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor into the atmosphere in order to repel insects from a specific locale.
  • the same solution can be applied to towelettes, i.e., small disposable towels, which can then be used as applicators to apply the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG based repellent solution to areas of the body of a person, for example, the wrists and elbows, from which the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG can be dispersed into the local atmosphere to repel insects from the region surrounding person.
  • an insect repellant system is created by a mixing a liquid system containing volatile fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and imbedding the liquid system within a thermoplastic resin system.
  • a thermoplastic system that can be molded at temperatures at approximately 200°F (93°C) must be used.
  • fragrance systems that can be designed to be used for molding above 200°F, but they are not as effective in repelling insects.
  • the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance oil can be used in liquid form or incorporated into a thermoplastic system such as polyethylene or polystyrene in conjunction with copolymers to form a solid product which can be molded at elevated temperatures to form utilitarian products having insect repellent qualities.
  • the fragrance oil into in which the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG is mixed to form the liquid system employed in the invention must contain ingredients that can retain the intended odor or fragrance, after subjection to molding temperatures ranging between 180°F and 200°F ( 82.2°C-93.3°C) for periods of up to approximately 15 seconds.
  • the polymeric thermoplastic system into which the solution of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance oil is incorporated during molding can include polyethylene in an amount ranging from 807, to 90?> by weight and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in an amount ranging from 107, to 207, by weight, with a combination melt index of 24.
  • the thermoplastic system includes 907, polyethylene and 10° ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) co-polymer by weight.
  • the polymeric thermoplastic system into which the solution of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance oil is incorporated during molding can include polyethylene in an amount ranging from 707, to 907, by weight and ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymer in an amount ranging from 107, to 30'., by weight.
  • the thermoplastic system includes polyethylene in an amount 807, by weight and ethylene-n butyl acrylate copolymer in an amount 207, by weight.
  • a fragrance oil suitable for mixing with Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and having the characteristics of sufficiently low volatility to prevent excessive flash off during molding with capability to disperse Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG in solution with the fragrance oil as a vapor into the atmosphere may be formulated from the following components.
  • Linalool 8.967 Linalyl Acetate 2.247,
  • Aldehyde C-ll Undecylenic
  • Aldshyde C-12 Laurie
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG is added to the above described liquid fragrance oil in concentrations dependent upon the final concentration of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG desired in the final polymeric product.
  • concentration of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG in the liquid system can be varied between 1% and approximately 20?, by weight.
  • Example 1 Over 85% of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in a 12 cubic foot cage were repelled by the insect repelling wristband for up to 60 hours. At 30% liquid load (25% Geraniol, 5?, fragrance), the Timed Vapor Release System allowed for a loss of 17?, of the liquid over a 72 hour period. Not only did the Geraniol Coeur allow for a greater liquid loading than DEET in the polyethylene matrix, but it also allowed for a greater release of the active ingredient in a shorter period of time.
  • This formulation allows for a timed vapor release of the active ingredient (in this case Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG into the atmosphere, which results in the repelling of insects and anthropods before they land. For example, mosquitoes would not land on the surface of the skin before they are repelled by the active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient in this case Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG into the atmosphere, which results in the repelling of insects and anthropods before they land. For example, mosquitoes would not land on the surface of the skin before they are repelled by the active ingredient.
  • the repellent of the invention repels ticks, and red fire ants, and can be placed on the skin under the individual's clothing.
  • DEET N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide
  • the timed vapor release formulation of the invention allows the active ingredient, Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG, to vaporize through an individual's clothing, saturating it with the vapor resulting m the repelling of ticks without the use of highly toxic sprays on the clothing.
  • the formulation of the invention can repel the aforementioned insects and ticks for a minimum of four hours.
  • a DEET wrist band according U.S. Patent No. 5,738,862 although admirably effective, does not repel as well as the Geraniol Coeur band of the present invention when exposed to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Moreover, tests have proved that the Geraniol based formulations of the invention outperform commerically available DEET products in repelling various insects and anthropods.
  • the fragrance oil which can include mineral oil, acts as both a moisturizer for the skin and a matrix that allows for the slow release of both the fragrance and Geraniol Coeur vapor.
  • the use of high-end ingredients for the fragrance allows for an extended release time of the Geraniol Coeur vapor to a point where the repellency is effective for up to 8 to 10 hours.
  • a formulation, in a polymer matrix, of Geraniol Coeur and a fragrance carrier in accordance with the invention was prepared.
  • the weight of the formulation was measured over a 72 hour period to determine the rate of evaporation into the air to repel ticks.
  • Table 1 shows the weight loss of the formulation due to evaporation for three samples weighing 5.18 grams, 5.33 grams, and 5.24 grams, respectively, over the 72 hour period. The data of Table 1 is plotted in Fig. 1. The effectiveness of a wrist band containing my Geraniol Coeur and fragrance formulation is expected to last well over 100 hours.
  • Example 3
  • a Laboratory Olfactometer was adapted to measure tick response to artificial skin treated with selected semiochemicals . Ten treated skin surfaces were evaluated. The most active hosts selected for comparison were membrane covered blood packets with blood and glycerin treated air flowing over the surface, Various other materials were also tested to determine if more suitable hosts could be selected for future trials.
  • the air treatment with blood and glycerin 3943 Glycerin (A) was used as an attractant host to compare the effect of 3944 Geraniol Coeur (S) skin treatment to measure repellent action. Tests of the multi-choice open type were run for 8 hours. The tick (Amblyomma ameri can ⁇ m) feeding response was then measured in average bite seconds/hour. See Fig. 3A.
  • a Laboratory Olfactometer was adapted to measure tick response to artificial skin treated with selected semiochemicals. Ten treated skin surfaces were evaluated. The artificial host selected for comparison was membrane covered blood agar and feeding stimulants with blood and glycerin treated air flowing over the surface. See Table 3. The air treatment with blood and glycerin (A943 Glycerin STD Air TRT) was used as an attractant host to compare the effect of attractants and repellents against the activity of S929
  • Geraniol Coeur Skin treatment to measure its repellent action.
  • Fire ants are another example of an insect that can be repelled by the above liquid formulation when applied to the skin as well as on clothing for example under an individual's socks.
  • the repellent of the present invention can also be used to repel horn flies from cattle It will also repel mosquitoes and house flies. All of these insects cause stress and possible disease m cattle.
  • Losses m the production of milk and beef can be minimized by using approximately 1/2 to 1?> of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG with a solubilizmg agent such as polysorbate 20.
  • a solubilizmg agent such as polysorbate 20.
  • Approximately 10 - 40 milliliters of an alcohol such as ethanol or isopropanol m which the repellent is suspended can be applied to a cow from its head to its back line. This amount will repel mosquitoes, house flies, and horn flies for up to five days at a minimum. Other formulations can extend that time.
  • thermoplastic system including polyethylene or polystyrene m conjunction with copolymers melts in the range of 150 degrees F to 225 degrees F.
  • a thermoplastic system containing a fragrance oil carrier and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG as an active ingredient for repelling insects, in conjunction with a specifically formulated fragrance oil as described herein, is molded in a closed, i.e., air-tight, system to minimize escape of the volatile constituents. Molding is done at a nominal temperature range of 180 degrees F to 200 degrees F in the closed system.
  • thermoplastic system in its liquid form with Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG in the closed system up to 20 percent of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance can be retained in the molded product.
  • the intertwining of polymeric domains results in an association complex with Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance ingredients in a liquid state contained within the thermoplastic system.
  • the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG rises to the surface of the thermoplastic material and, with the fragrance components retained after molding, is vaporized thereby enabling it to repel insects without requiring contact of the insects with a surface on which the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG is deposited.
  • the liquid system formed from the solution of fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG can be or placed in a solution of alcohol or water and alcohol and dispersed through capillary action in a wick system and evaporation of the fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor into the atmosphere.
  • the vapor can be mechanically dispersed into the atmosphere by a fan.
  • Another application for the mixture of a low-volatile material such as Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance is in the manufacture of insect repellent candles.
  • the combination of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and fragrance can be placed in a wax melt which is poured or pressed into a candle mold and then solidified. The resulting candle will repel insects when it is burned.
  • the heat radiated by the burning of the candle warms the wax distant enough from the flame to avoid decomposition but near enough to experience increased molecular motion to release a vapor of the fragrance which carries the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and creates a repelling environment for insects.
  • the repellent action of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG carried by the fragrance vapor released from the candles is many times more effective than DEET or citronella candles.
  • the pressed candle repels insects, due to the action of the timed vapor release system, without being lit. Unlike Citronella candles, the Geraniol-fragrance candles are smoke free.
  • citronella candles The ineffectiveness of citronella candles has been reported in the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 293-94 (1996), in an article entitled "Evaluation of the Efficacy of 3% Citronella Candles and 5% Citronella Incense for Protection against Field Populations of Aedes mosquitoes", Lindsay et al . The authors reported a study of the efficacy of commercially available citronella candles. Experiments were performed on live subjects. The authors concluded that "citronella candles... were ineffective for reducing the biting pressure of mosquitoes, and their use by the general public should be discouraged.”
  • either ethyl alcohol or a combination of ethyl alcohol and water can be added to the fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG solution.
  • the addition of water added to the system has the effect of retarding the rate of evaporation of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor.
  • the liquid fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG solution is mixed with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and no water.
  • Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG fragrance oil, water and alcohol are preferred: Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG 10?,, fragrance oil 5?,; alcohol 59?,; water 8',; and isopropyl pal itate, a surfactant, 187,.
  • the surfactant is required to enable the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG to mix with the water and alcohol base of the liquid which is vaporized in the airwick.
  • the alcohol in the foregoing mixture may be varied in the range of 107, to 80% by weight whereas the amount of water can be between 5% and 307, by weight.
  • Water is added to the solution to decrease the evaporation rate of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor repellent while extending the life of the system.
  • the organic ingredients i.e., fragrance oil and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG
  • the limiting factor is the solubility of the solution of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG and the fragrance in the water and ethyl or propyl alcohol solution.
  • the towelette of the instant invention has a vapor release mechanism.
  • prior art towlettes one must apply the repellent to all exposed parts of the body, i.e., arms, neck, face, and legs.
  • These prior art products depend on an insect approaching and coming in contact with the exposed area of an individual. Therefore, the individual must use the prior art product so as to cover all of the exposed skin.
  • the formulation allows the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor to escape to areas surrounding the body resulting in the repelling of ticks on adjacent clothing and insects, including flying insects which have not yet landed.
  • the percentage of the area of required coverage of the body depends upon the concentration of ticks and insects.
  • one towlette can contain a sufficent amount of Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG repellent solution to be used to protect many people.
  • the ability of several persons to share a single towelette enhances economy associated with the protection of groups of people.
  • the fragrance oil which can include mineral oil, acts as both a moisturizer for the skin and a matrix that allows for the slow release of both the fragrance and Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor.
  • the use of high-end ingredients for the fragrance allows for an extended release time of the Geraniol, Geraniol Coeur, Geraniol CFT, and/or Geraniol RG vapor to a point where the repellency is effective for up to 8 to 10 hours.
  • the testing of the candle in a cage was conducted in a twelve cubic foot chamber with airing ports.
  • the cage contained approximately 150 aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
  • the candles were allowed to burn for twenty minutes and the number of mosquitoes repelled was recorded for the next sixty minutes.
  • the mosquitoes that were repelled escaped to a second cage. Over 957, of the mosquitoes escaped to the outside cage.
  • counts were made in a similar manner, but no candle was burned. Only approximately 157, of the mosquitoes left the test cage.
  • Bait for red fire ants was prepared from .6 gms . corn starch, .4 gms. ground course peanuts, .05 grams calcium silicate, and 0.2 gms. of various test materials. The bait without any test material, and with each of 7 different test materials was exposed to ants. The number of ants coming in contact with the bait was measured. The results are plotted in Fig. 4. Example 8
  • Example 9 The foregoing test was repeated with blood and glycerin treated air flowing over the surface of the hosts. The resultant data are tabulated in Table 6 and the averages are plotted in Fig. 6. The host protected with 3962A Repello Geraniol Coeur had minimal contact in comparison with the host alone, and the host protected by the other repellents.
  • Example 10 The foregoing test was repeated with blood and glycerin treated air flowing over the surface of the hosts. The resultant data are tabulated in Table 6 and the averages are plotted in Fig. 6. The host protected with 3962A Repello Geraniol Coeur had minimal contact in comparison with the host alone, and the host protected by the other repellents. Example 10
  • Example 11 The resultant data are tabulated in Table 7 and the averages are plotted in Fig. 7.
  • Example 11 The foregoing test was repeated with blood and glycerin treated air flowing over the surface of the hosts.
  • the resultant data are tabulated in Table 8 and the averages are plotted in Fig. 8.
  • Example 12
  • Example 14 Bite second responses from 8-hour exposures to a population of Culex pipiens quinquefaciatus were made. The data are shown in Fig. 11 and Table 11. The mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts.
  • Example 15 The mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts.
  • Bite second responses from 8-hour exposures to a population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes were made. The data are shown in Fig. 12. The mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts.
  • Example 16 Bite second responses from 8-hour exposures to a population of aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) yellow fever mosquitoes were made. The data are shown in Fig. 13 and Table 12. The mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts.
  • House flies Musca domestica Linnaeus
  • stable flies Sto oxys calcityrans (Linnaeus)
  • horn flies Horn Fly Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus)
  • culicoides No See-Urns gnats
  • Laboratory evaluations utilizing an electronic olfactometer confirmed the repellent action of a 20% Geraniol solution against house flies, stable flies and horn flies.
  • the data are presented in Figs. 14 A-D.
  • the mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts.
  • Example 19 Bite second responses from 8-hour exposures to a population of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, malaria spreading mosquitoes were made. The data are shown in Figs. 15 A-C. The mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil described above gave favorable results, i.e., fewer contacts. Similar tests show the mixture of Geraniol Coeur and a volatile fragrance oil to repel cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) . Referring now to Fig. 16, a solution 1 of Geraniol and fragrance can also be placed in a container 2 covered by a centrifugal fan 4. In the preferred embodiment of invention, the fan 4 has 18 blades.
  • the fan 4 can be driven by a motor 6 which, in the preferred embodiment of invention, operates at 673 r.p.m. which has been found to be idea for a 12' x 15' x 8' space.
  • the motor is connected to a source of voltage, e.g., a D cell battery 8.
  • the fan and container are desirably placed in a housing having 230 degree circular intake/outflow vents for evenly dispersing the mixture into the surrounding air.
  • the solution can contain between 20% and 307, Geraniol and 707, - 80% mineral oil and 1% - 3% fragrance.
  • the solution can contain 207, to 307, Geraniol, 507, mineral oil, mixed with any combination of ethyl and isopropyl alcohol, with or without, 17, - 3% fragrance.
  • the dispersion of the Geraniol spray in a barn is effective in preventing flying insects from attaching themselves to cattle and other animals, and in preventing insects from landing on animals.
  • the spray can be released at predetermined times by connecting a timer 10 between the fan and its power supply.
  • a preferable formulation contains 20% - 907, Geraniol and 3% fragrance, with the remainder consisting of ethyl and/or isopropyl alcohol.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un insectifuge comprenant un système liquide contenant du géraniol et une huile odorante agissant comme vecteur pour la dispersion de la vapeur de géraniol dans l'atmosphère, par évaporation de l'huile odorante. Dans une forme d'exécution de l'invention, le système liquide est contenu dans un système thermoplastique solide pouvant être formé en pastilles pour la fabrication de produits utilitaires, par exemple, bracelets et nappes de table. Dans une autre -orme d'exécution, le système liquide est contenu dans la cire d'une bougie qui, en brûlant, dégage de la vapeur de géraniol dans l'atmosphère. Dans une troisième forme d'exécution, le système liquide peut être mélangé avec de l'alcool, avec/ ou sans eau, et dispersé par un diffuseur ou un ventilateur pour repousser les insectes et les tiques. Dans une quatrième forme d'exécution, de petites serviettes peuvent être trempées dans le système liquide, en vue de les utiliser comme applicateurs dudit système liquide sur des zones de la peau des êtres humains ou des animaux, et à partir desquels la vapeur de géraniol peut se dégager dans l'atmosphère afin de repousser efficacement les insectes et les tiques de la totalité du corps.
PCT/US1999/000997 1998-07-27 1999-01-19 Compositions insectifuges et repoussant les tiques, contenant du geraniol se degageant sous forme vapeur, et procedes y relatifs Ceased WO2000005948A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU24585/99A AU2458599A (en) 1998-07-27 1999-01-19 Vapor releasable, geraniols containing, tick and insect repellent compositions and methods

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9429698P 1998-07-27 1998-07-27
US60/094,296 1998-07-27
US19007198A 1998-11-12 1998-11-12
US09/190,071 1998-11-12

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US7007861B2 (en) 2000-06-08 2006-03-07 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Methods and personal protection devices for repelling insects
US20090257959A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Laboratories, Inc. Pesticidal compositions
WO2010014807A3 (fr) * 2008-08-01 2010-04-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de parfum renfermant des composants fonctionnels de parfum
FR2948261A1 (fr) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-28 Sarl Herbarom Laboratoire Procede insecticide et/ou repulsif
FR2959396A1 (fr) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-04 Ab7 Ind Bracelet insectifuge biodegradable a partir de granules polymeres biodegradables precharges en actifs
US8877139B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2014-11-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions comprising a functional perfume component mixture
EP2908648A4 (fr) * 2012-10-19 2016-05-11 Tyratech Inc Procédés et compositions de lutte contre les arthropodes

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7152809B2 (en) 2000-06-08 2006-12-26 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Methods and personal protection devices for repelling insects
US7168630B1 (en) 2000-06-08 2007-01-30 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Methods and personal protection devices for repelling insects
US7007861B2 (en) 2000-06-08 2006-03-07 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Methods and personal protection devices for repelling insects
US8591927B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2013-11-26 Basf Corporation Pesticidal compositions
US20090257959A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Laboratories, Inc. Pesticidal compositions
US9005644B2 (en) * 2008-04-11 2015-04-14 Basf Corporation Pesticidal compositions
JP2014051679A (ja) * 2008-08-01 2014-03-20 Procter & Gamble Co 機能性香料成分を含む香料組成物
JP2011529992A (ja) * 2008-08-01 2011-12-15 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー 機能性香料成分を含む香料組成物
US8338346B2 (en) 2008-08-01 2012-12-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Perfume compositions comprising functional perfume components
US8637446B2 (en) 2008-08-01 2014-01-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Perfume compositions comprising functional perfume components
WO2010014807A3 (fr) * 2008-08-01 2010-04-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de parfum renfermant des composants fonctionnels de parfum
WO2011010070A3 (fr) * 2009-07-22 2012-01-05 Sarl Herbarom Laboratoire Procede insectiside et/ou repulsif
FR2948261A1 (fr) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-28 Sarl Herbarom Laboratoire Procede insecticide et/ou repulsif
FR2959396A1 (fr) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-04 Ab7 Ind Bracelet insectifuge biodegradable a partir de granules polymeres biodegradables precharges en actifs
US8877139B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2014-11-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions comprising a functional perfume component mixture
US9328316B2 (en) 2010-08-13 2016-05-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions comprising a functional perfume component mixture
EP2908648A4 (fr) * 2012-10-19 2016-05-11 Tyratech Inc Procédés et compositions de lutte contre les arthropodes
US10149481B2 (en) 2012-10-19 2018-12-11 Tyratech, Inc. Arthropod control compositions and methods

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