WO2000005603A1

WO2000005603A1 - Solar radiant energy concentrator

Info

Publication number: WO2000005603A1
Application number: PCT/GE1998/000005
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aleksandre S. Moseshvili
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-07-21
Filing date: 1998-11-06
Publication date: 2000-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2001-01-21
Also published as: AU9756598A

Abstract

Solar radiant energy concentrator for collecting sunbeams in the reflective funnel-shaped elements (1). Sunrays pass through the holes (7) of the plate (2) and they spread by means of the inclined surfaces (8), which form an elongated canal towards the concave funnels (6), fixed in the centre of an imaginary circle formed by the canals' endings in the subsequent layer. In the same manner, the beams pass through holes (10) of the reflective funnels (9) of plate (4) by means of the canals in the subsequent layer (5) and after they are reflected at the outside of the reflective funnel (12) they spread towards the central reflective funnel (13). Each layer concentrates the beams coming out 7 times. The solar radiant energy concentrator can be used for converting solar energy into electric energy while protecting the solar elements from harmful cosmic radiation and reducing the height of the concentrator.

Description

SOLAR RADIANT ENERGY CONCENTRATOR

D e s c r i p t i o n

The invention belongs to the branch of Energetics and can be used in High Energy Phisics as well as in converting the Solar radiant energy into electric energy.

The conic concentrator [Magazine "V mire nauki" 1991/N5 p. 44- 50 (Rus)], one of the sorts of the funnel-shaped concentrator , is selected as the analogue of the invention. The conic concentrator represents a cut-headed, thin walled inside reflective -surfaced cone, the wide part of which is directed to the beam source. The correlation of the wide and narrow parts of the cone determines the rate of beam concentration. The defect of the conic concentrator is the low index of concentrating and the fact that safe protection of the solar elements from harmful cosmic radiation is not possible causes radiative degradation of the Solar elements.

Paraboloid focon [Andreev V.M., Grilikhes V.A. Rumiantsev V.D. Photo-elektricheskoe preobrazovanie koncentrirovannogo solnechnogo izlucheniya. Leningrad "NAUKA" 1989 p. 206-303 (Rus)], one of the sorts of the funnel-shaped concentrators is selected as the prototype of the invention. The defect of the Paraboloid focon is analogous to that of the conic concentrator. The technical result of the proposed invention is getting the high concentration of sunbeams, safe protection of the solar elements from harmful effect of cosmic radiation and reduction of the height of the concentrator.

The invention provides the obtaining of the technical result and avoiding the defects of the prototype.

The main point of the invention is that just below the one-level cell array funnel-shaped elements (1) the below reflective-surfaced plate (2) is additionally located. In the plate there are the holes (7) which coincide with the each narrow ending of the six adjacent funnel-shaped elements on each imaginary circle and below the funnel-shaped element, placed in the centre of the six funnel-shaped elements arranged on the imaginary circle, the plate is lowered in the form of the outside reflective-surfaced concave-sided funnel (6) where the narrow ending of the central funnel-shaped element is inserted, this ending is elongated in comparison with the narrow endings of the funnel-shaped element round it. Below the plate (2) there is the layer (3) consisting of the reflective- surfaced canals.

The endings (8) of the canals coincide with the holes (7) on the plate and the canals are grouped in six pairs so that the axes of adjacent canals of each group form 60° angle and the canal endings (8) with inclined walls are directed towards the centre in which the concave- sided funnel (6), lowered from the plate, is fixed. The place of connection of the canals in six groups represents the inside reflective- surfaced funnels (9), the six of these adjacent funnels on the imaginary circle coincide with the holes of the plate (4) below them, and the central funnel (9) in their centre is elongated and inserted in the concave-sided funnel (12) lowered in the plate (4).

Below the plate (4) there is the layer (5) consisting of reflective- surfaced canals in which like the front layer, the canals are distributed in six groups, so that the axes of adjacent canals form 60° angle and the canals endings (11) which coincide with the plate holes (10) above them by the reflective-surfaced inclined walls are directed towards the centre where the concave-sided reflective-surfaced funnel (12) is lowered. The length of the canals in every subsequent layer are v 7 times as much as the length of the canals in the previous layer and analogously connect the centres of the six-canalled figures in the previous layer with the centre of the central six-canalled figure.

The invention is represented by 5 figures: Fig. 1. The proposed Solar Radiant Energy Concentrator is shown in the plan with the following consisting elements: 1- the unity of the funnel-shaped elements; 2 - the plate in which holes and concave-sided funnels are located; 3 - the layer, consisting of the canals; 4 - the plate, in which the holes and concave-sided funnel are located; 5 - the layer, consisting of the canals; 6 - the concave-sided funnel, lowered from the plate; 7 - the holes, located in the plate; 8 - the canal ending with inclined, reflective-surfaced walls; 9- the inside reflective-surfaced funnel located in the place of canals connection; 10 - the canal ending with the inclined reflective-surfaced walls. Fig. 2 . The proposed Solar Radiant Energy Concentrator in cut is shown with the following consisting elements: 1 - the unity of the funnel-shaped elements; 2 - the plate, in which the holes and concave- sided funnels are located; 3 - the layer, consisting of the canals; 4 - the plate, in which the holes and concave-sided funnels are located; 5 - the layer, consisting of the canals; 6 - the concave-sided funnel, lowered from the plate; 8 - the ending of the canal with the inclined reflective- surfaced walls; 9 - the inside reflective-surfaced funnel in the place of canals connection; 12 - the concave-sided funnel lowered from the plate; 13 - the inside reflective-surfaced funnel placed in the canals connection.

Fig. 3. The unity of the funnel-shaped elements is shown. Fig. 4. It is shown the fragment of the plate, containing the concave-sided funnel (6), lowered from the plate and the holes (7).

Fig. 5. It is shown the unity of the funnel-shaped elements and the figure consisting of the canals.

In order to show the unity of the peculiarities and the supposed technical result of the proposed invention see Fig. 5.

In the funnel-shaped concentrators the rate of concentrating is limited by the fact, that the angle of beam reflection in conditions of several times' reflection, reaches the critical meaning and the beam reversion takes place.

The transition of the beams coming out of the vertical funnel-shaped concentrator to the horizontal funnel makes possible to diminish the angle of reflection approximating the critical limit and starting the process all over again.

In such case the role of the horizontal funnel-shaped collector plays the unity of the canal and the plate above it.

The beams from the horizontal funnel to the vertical one are spread by means of the outside reflective-surfaces of the concave-sided funnel placed in the centre of the six-canalled figure. The concave parts are separated from each other. Fig. 4 (6). Interchangeable transference of beams from the vertical to the horizontal axis and from the horizontal to the vertical axis gives the opportunity of ignoring the rate threshold index of concentration of funnel-shaped concentrators.

In Fig. 1 the functional relation of the unity of funnel-shaped elements and the two subsequent layers is shown. The addition of every subsequent layer gives possibility of increasing of the developing area 7 times by the unity of the funnel-shaped elements Fig. 3 and the concentration is increased by geometric progression.

The circumference Fig.l of the Solar Radiant Energy Concentrator comes out from the order of the last layer and provides the compatibility with the analogously form that gives the opportunity of maximal development of the areas .

The proposed invention gives possibility of ignoring the index of beam refraction of funnel concentrators material and the concentrator can be implemented by any reflective-surfaced material, such as, thin metal plates. In conditions of the radio-active surroundings it's possible to protect the solar elements safely from the harmful effect of radiation, as the solar element exists below the layers and the protection occurs directly only at the expense of the eclipse of the funnel-shaped element located just above the solar element from the unity of funnel- shaped elements.

The decrease of the Solar Radiant Energy Concentrator height without the decrease of concentrating rate is possible by transition of the construction to the thin structure, i.e. the same area will be covered with the 7 times as much as the funnel-shaped elements , their height will be decreased v 7 times , and the number of the layers will be increased by 1. The circumference of the proposed Concentrator will be changed but its compatibility with the analogous form is not broken. The proposed Concentrator is characterized by the process of reversion, i.e. in conditions of spreading of intensive beams to the opposite side they can be exposed to the chosen areas and this makes possibility of implying of the proposed invention for the equal illumination of large areas. The concentrated sunbeam can be transmitted to the unlit places by the sun by means of the inside reflective-surfaced tube and exposed according to the proposed construction which will decrease the expenses of the electric energy in the daytime and improve sanitary conditions. Highly intensive sunbeams can be used to set high energy Lazer beams.

The concentrated sunbeam transmitted to the black area can be used for warming water.

In order to confirm the implementation of the proposed invention see the Figures.

In Fig. 1., in the plan, and in Fig.2., in cut, the elements, distributed on 5 levels are shown: the unity of the funnel-shaped elements (1). The wider part of each funnel-shaped element has hexagonic form and towards the narrow part it gradually turns into the circle form, the narrow part of the funnel-shaped element placed in the centre of the six funnel-shaped elements located on the imaginary circle is elongated. The subsequent layer is the plate (2) having the below reflective-surface and through holes (7). In the centre of the six holes on the imaginary circle the plate is lowered in the form of the outside reflective-surfaced, concave-sided funnel (6). The six concave parts are separated by the six non-concave parts. See Fig. 4 (6). Below the plate (2) the layer (3) consisting of the reflective- surfaced canals is located. Canals grouped in six pairs, the axes of adjacent canals form 60° angle and the place of connection represents ^' the inside reflective-surfaced funnel (9); the free endings contain inclined reflective-surfaced walls. Fig. 2 (8). Under the layer (3) consisting of canals there is the plate (4) which is reflective-surfaced from below and contains through holes (10). In the centre of the six holes distributed on the imaginary circle, the plate is lowered in the form of the outside reflective-surfaced funnel (12). The six concave parts are separated by the six non-concave parts.

Below the plate (4) there is the layer (5) consisting of the canals in which like the front layer (3), the axes of adjacent canals form 60° angle, the place of connection of the canals is the inside reflective- surfaced funnel (13) and the canal endings (11) are analogous to those in the previous layer. Fig. 2. (8).

The proposed device works in the following way: the sunbeams coming out of the one-level arranged funnel-shaped elements (1), after passing the holes (7) of the plate (2), by means of the inclined surfaces (8) of canal endings (see Fig. 5) spread towards the concave funnels (6), fixed in the centres of the canals grouped in six pairs; these funnels send the beams to the inside reflective-surfaced funnels (9) existing in the place of connection of the canals by means of the outside reflective surfaces. The beams passing the inside reflective- surfaced funnels (9) through the holes (10) of the plate (4) by means of the canals in the subsequent layer (5), analogously gather in the centre of the figure consisting of the canals and by means of the outside reflective-surfaced concave-sided funnel (12) lowered down the plate (4) spread towards the inside reflective-surfaced funnel (13) located in the centre.

Each layer (without considering losses) concentrates the beams coming out of its front layer 7 times.

Claims

C l a i m s

The Solar Radiant Energy Concentrator, which contains one-level cell array funnel-shaped elements, having beam reflective surfaces, is characterized by that containing the additional layers that represent on one-level arranged canals having beam reflective-surfaces and grouped in six pairs, where the axes of adjacent canals form 60° and, the places of connection of the canals are elongated and inserted in the subsequent layer, the canal endings coincide with the narrow endings of the funnel-shaped elements above them and connect the six adjacent funnel-shaped elements on each imaginary circle with the central funnel-shaped element in the centre of the imaginary circle, the length of the central funnel-shaped element is more than that of the elements round it and is inserted in the concave-sided funnel in the centre of the six-canalled figure, the walls of the concave-sided funnel are reflective-surfaced from outside and its axis coincides with the axis of the upper central funnel element, the canal endings are inclined-plane reflective-surfaces, directed to the concave-sided funnel in the centre and the length of the canals on each subsequent layer is v7 times as much as the length of the canals on the front layer, which analogously connect the six centres of the adjacent six-canalled figures on the previous layer with the centre of the six-canalled figure in the centre of the imaginary circle in which the concave, outside reflective-surfaced funnel is also fixed and on the layers , consisting of the canals, the reflective-surfaced plates are put where above the canal endings the holes are located.