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WO2000000778A2 - Elements rayonnants haute efficacite pour echangeurs thermiques et procede de fabrication d'echangeurs thermiques a l'aide de ces elements - Google Patents

Elements rayonnants haute efficacite pour echangeurs thermiques et procede de fabrication d'echangeurs thermiques a l'aide de ces elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000000778A2
WO2000000778A2 PCT/RO1999/000002 RO9900002W WO0000778A2 WO 2000000778 A2 WO2000000778 A2 WO 2000000778A2 RO 9900002 W RO9900002 W RO 9900002W WO 0000778 A2 WO0000778 A2 WO 0000778A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube
shape
bending
oval
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RO1999/000002
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2000000778A3 (fr
Inventor
Panait Niculescu
Gheorghe Sora
Danil Niculae
Cristinel Crişan
Ovidiu Munteanu
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Sc Romradiatoare Sa
Original Assignee
Sc Romradiatoare Sa
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Publication date
Application filed by Sc Romradiatoare Sa filed Critical Sc Romradiatoare Sa
Publication of WO2000000778A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000000778A2/fr
Publication of WO2000000778A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000000778A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/08—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
    • B21D53/085—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal with fins places on zig-zag tubes or parallel tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/22—Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F28D1/0476—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/025—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the invention concerns high efficiency radiating elements for heat exchangers designed to operate as:
  • the invention also concerns a new industrially applicable manufacturing method for heat exchangers that include among their components the high efficiency radiant elements presented herein, particularly insisting on the method of manufacturing the tubes that make up the radiating elements.
  • the tube manufacturing method may be extended to all applications requiring such tube shapes, such as heat exchangers with tube stacks in external housings, generally treated as heat exchangers with fluids separated through walls.
  • the main function of a heat exchanger is that of controlled heat dissipation.
  • the hereinafter introduced descriptions and text references require a preliminary presentation of the acknowledged functions and names for the basic components of heat exchangers, both with respect to the design description of these components and with respect to their contribution in achieving the main global functions of the exchanger.
  • heat exchangers are based on the use of a certain moving fluid as heat-transfer medium, hereinafter referred to as "internal fluid", which carries thermal energy from the higher temperature areas to other lower temperature areas.
  • the main component of a heat exchanger is the radiating element, the damper or the comb.
  • the function of this component is to ensure the thermal transfer (the total heat flow), determined as performance level and directed as basic function for the entire heat exchanger.
  • This part generally consists of internal fluid circulating tubes, hereinafter referred to as “tubes”, and of radiating fins meant to expand the thermal transfer surface, hereinafter referred to as “fins”.
  • This part as a whole will be further referred to as "radiating element” .
  • Heat exchangers also employ a second fluid, generally in contact to an external circuit or medium, hereinafter referred to as "external fluid", which is meant to take over the amount of heat transferred by the internal fluid.
  • basins The input or intake and, respectively, the output or exhaust of the internal fluid is provided in heat exchangers by basins, collectors, bins or tanks. These components will be hereinafter named “basins”. Usually basins do not have a significant contribution in the achieving of the exchanger's thermal transfer, but in the practical configuration of the internal hydraulic circuit only.
  • Base plates, end plates or terminal plates provide the pressure-tight connection between the tubes of the radiating element and the basins (basin) of the heat exchanger. These components will be further referred to as “base plates”. Usually base plates do not have a significant contribution in the achieving of the exchanger's thermal transfer, but in the practical configuration of the internal hydraulic circuit only.
  • Plastic or quasi-rigid gaskets usually ensure the general functional requirement of pressure tightness of the internal hydraulic circuit inside the heat exchanger between its base plates and the basins.
  • the assembling of the exchanger's base plates and basins is performed mechanically, by gasket deformation or compression, within the physical limits allowed by the material the gaskets are manufactured of, without soldering alloys, adhesives or other additive materials (but using possibly structural joining pastes or substances in the case of quasi-rigid gaskets).
  • gaskets These components will be hereinafter referred to as "gaskets".
  • gaskets usually gaskets do not have a significant contribution in the achieving of the exchanger's thermal transfer.
  • pressure tightness of the hydraulic circuit between the base plates and the basins of the heat exchanger may also be achieved by welding, by soldering with soldering alloys or by sticking with adhesives or other additive materials.
  • a heat exchanger must meet certain function standards - depending on the destination it was designed, sized and manufactured for - such as: thermal transfer capacity, pressure tightness of the internal hydraulic circuit, mechanic strength of the structure, long-time resistance to a certain operation pressure of the fluids.
  • some heat exchangers known at present are generally made up of U-shaped flow circuit radiating elements, with simple or, in most cases, multiple circuit.
  • the U-shaped internal fluid circuit through the radiating element may be achieved by two methods, as follows:
  • Certain heat exchanger types from the radiator category are made up of radiating elements the tubes of which have circular section and the U-shaped internal fluid circuit of which is achieved on the one hand by the adequate dividing of a basin and on the other hand by the soldering of U-shape bent joints at the ends of the tubes.
  • Germany patent no. 3133665 The major disadvantages to this solution are an inferior thermal transfer in respect to heat exchangers having radiating elements manufactured of elliptical, oval or flat-oval section tubes,, the need of a complex-shaped basin and the need of U-shape bent joints, which have to be tightly soldered to the ends of the tubes.
  • Certain heat exchanger types from the radiator category are made up of radiating elements the tubes of which have circular section and the U-shaped internal fluid circuit of which is achieved by the soldering of U-shape bent joints at the ends of the tubes.
  • the major disadvantages to this solution are an inferior thermal transfer in respect to that of heat exchangers having radiating elements manufactured of elliptical, oval or flat-oval section tubes and the need of U-shape bent joints, which have to be tightly soldered to the ends of the tubes.
  • Certain heat exchanger types from the condenser category are made up of radiating elements the tubes of which have circular section and the U-shaped internal fluid circuit of which is achieved by the use of U-shape bent tubes. (France patent no. 2472732).
  • the major disadvantage of this solution is an inferior thermal transfer in respect to the heat exchangers having radiating elements manufactured of elliptical, oval or flat-oval section tubes.
  • Certain heat exchanger types from the condenser category are made up of radiating elements the tubes of which have circular section and the U-shaped internal fluid circuit of which is achieved by the adequate division of two basins (USA patent no. 5025855).
  • the major disadvantage of this solution is the necessity of dividing and tight soldering of the two basins in view of achieving the U-shaped circuit of the internal fluid.
  • No heat exchangers are presently known, made up of radiating elements with U-shaped tubes having in the bending side area (i.e. in the active area of the radiating elements in direct contact to the holes in the fins) sections other than circular (i.e. elliptical, oval or flat-oval).
  • radiating elements including elliptical, oval or flat-oval cross section tubes is well-known and widely applied in the manufacture of heat exchangers, due to the better thermal transfer they provide as compared to radiating elements made up of circular cross section tubes. But in these cases tubes are usually straight-lined and not bent.
  • the problem this invention undertakes to solve is that of building high performance heat exchangers whose radiating elements include U-shape bent tubes whose sections in the bending sides (i.e. the sections in the active area of the radiating elements having a direct contact to the holes in the fins) are other than circular (i.e. elliptical, oval or flat-oval).
  • These special-build radiating elements will be hereinafter referred to as "Romradicopy" elements.
  • high efficiency radiating elements for heat exchangers eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above by the fact that the manufacturing method of the tubes relies on a first U-shape bending of circular section tubes with a radius equal or larger than the minimal technologically accepted bending radius and a subsequent profiling of the bent sides of the tubes having a direct contact with the fins in the active area of the radiating element, in view of obtaining the desired elliptical, oval, plat-oval or otherwise shaped section.
  • high efficiency radiating elements for heat exchangers also eliminate the previously mentioned disadvantages by the fact that the assembling of the tubes and the fins is carried out using tubes beforehand U-shape bent and profiled.
  • the fin holes into which the tubes are fitted for the fins having holes in them), respectively the fin surface coming in contact with the tubes (for the types of fins which, in the assembling process, are placed over the tubes) will match in shape, size, position and tolerance the tube shape and size in the profiled bent side area they are meant to be connected to.
  • the assembling of tubes to fins in view of obtaining radiating elements is usually a non-dismountable one. This operation may be performed through different known methods, depending on the shape of the profiled section of the tubes in the active area of the radiating element, having a direct contact to the fins:
  • radiating elements may have the following configurations: one or several rows of tubes; linear or intercalated (chess-board shaped) arrangement of tubes; tubes orientedwith the symmetry axes of the profile cross sections perpendicularly or obliquely in respect to the flowing direction of the external fluid; U-shape tube bending plane perpendicular, oblique or parallel in respect to the flowing direction of the external fluid; with plane, rippled or otherwise shaped fins; with tube and fins assembling by mechanical methods (through tube expansion), by soldering with soldering alloys or by brazing;
  • Tubes may be manufactured of various materials, such as steel, brass, copper, aluminum or other materials, the choice of which depends on the assembling technology adopted, on the technological features of each material, such as the capability of U-shape bending and subsequent profiling of bending sides to the desired shape of the cross section, as well as on the thermal conductivity of the material.
  • FIG. 1 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of elliptical section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the elliptical profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 1a - upper view; 1b - side view; 1c - front view; 1d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 2 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluidand the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 2a - upper view; 2b - side view; 2c - front view; 2d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 3 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 3a - upper view; 3b - side view; 3c - front view; 3d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 4 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of fiat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are curled.
  • the figure consists of: 4a - upper view; 4b - side view; 4c - front view; 4d - axonometric-isometric projection view; -
  • Figure 5 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are oblique under a certain angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 5a - upper view; 5b - side view; 5c - front view; 5d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 6 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with one row of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are oblique under a certain angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 6a - upper view; 6b - side view; 6c - front view; 6d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 7 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of elliptical section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the elliptical profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 7a - upper view; 7b - side view; 7c - front view;
  • FIG. 8 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 8a - upper view; 8b - side view; 8c - front view;
  • FIG. 9 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the fiat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 9a - upper view; 9b - side view; 9c - front view;
  • FIG. 10 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are curled.
  • the figure consists of: 10a - upper view; 10b - side view; 10c - front view; 10d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 11 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of elliptical section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the elliptical profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 11a - upper view; 11b - side view; 11c - front view; 11d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 12 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 12a - upper view; 12b - side view; 12c - front view;
  • FIG. 13 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and the fins are curled.
  • the figure consists of: 13a - upper view; 13b - side view; 13c - front view; 13d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 14 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of elliptical section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are interposed, the major axes of the elliptical profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 14a - upper view; 14b - side view; 14c - front view; 14d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 15 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are interposed, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 15a - upper view; 15b - side view; 15c - front view; 15d - axonometric- isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 16 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are oblique to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 16a - upper view; 16b - side view; 16c - front view;
  • FIG. 17 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are interposed, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are oblique at different angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 17a - upper view; 17b - side view; 17c - front view; 17d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 18 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being oblique to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and the fins are flat.
  • the figure consists of: 18a - upper view; 18b - side view; 18c - front view; 18d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 19 is a general view of a "Romradischreib" radiating element with two rows of flat-oval section tubes, the U-shape bending plane being parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid.
  • the tubes are placed in line, the major axes of the flat-oval profile cross sections are parallel to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid and there are no fins.
  • the figure consists of: 19a - upper view; 19b - side view; 19c - front view; 19d - axonometric-isometric projection view;
  • FIG. 20 represents the diagram of the technological flow and of the production line according to the proposed manufacturing method for heat exchangers using high efficiency "Romradischreib” radiating elements (with U-shape bent tubes);
  • FIG. 21 is the general diagram of the U-shape bent tube manufacturing machine; the diagram is based on the sequence of the main technological operations performed by the machine;
  • FIG. 22 is a detailed representation of the tube shape subsequently to processing steps F4 - bending and F5 - profiling, elliptical tubes being taken as example; a section through the profiling device for elliptical tubes is also represented;
  • FIG. 23 is a detailed representation of the tube shape subsequently to processing steps F4 - bending and F5 - profiling, flat-oval tubes being taken as example; a section through the profiling device for flat-oval tubes is also represented;
  • FIG. 24 is a detailing of the F5 processing step principle; the sub- steps and tools necessary for the manufacturing of a certain tube type are given (the example of elliptical tubes);
  • FIG. 25 is a description of the geometric parameters for the profile of U-shape bent tubes, in cross section; the main areas of U-shape bent tubes, having different cross section profiles, and of the manner these are marked along the text description of the invention are also presented;
  • FIG. 27 is a detailing of the F5 processing step principle, including the sub- steps necessary to perform the described manufacturing process, when various profiles of the tube cross section and various "U" bending diameters are used.
  • High efficiency radiating elements for heat exchangers also referred to as "Romradischreib” radiating elements in terms of the invention, consist, according to figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, of U-shape bent tubes 1 , having in bent side areas, precisely the active area of the radiating element in direct contact with the fins 2, cross sections other than circular, i.e. elliptical, oval or flat- oval, and having the shape of fins 2 either flat or curled, except for the example presented in figure 19, where the radiating element has no fins.
  • the internal fluid circulating inside the U-shape bent tubes 1 of the radiating element, its flow direction being indicated by arrows, is marked "F".
  • This fluid may be water, a mixture of water and antifreeze liquid, air, refrigerating fluid, oil or other fluids.
  • the external fluid, which crosses the outer side of the radiating element, its flow direction being indicated by arrows, is marked “F e ".
  • This fluid may be air, water, oil or other fluids.
  • the manufacturing method of U-shape bent tubes is based, according to this invention, on the following principle: initially, circular cross section tubes are bent to U-shape at a radius equal or bigger than the minimal technologically accepted bending radius; subsequently the bent sides are profiled thus as to obtain the desired section.
  • two distinct cross section shapes are present for each tube, as represented in figure 25.
  • the cross section is circular in all cases along the portion curved by a certain bending radius or diameter. This section is specific for the bending area marked "C".
  • the cross section shape is always other than circular, i.e. elliptical, oval, flat-oval, or other shape. Between the two areas having different cross sections there is a transit area, with progressive transition - area marked as "T -, where the shape and size of the tube cross section is not strictly controlled.
  • D t - is the external diameter of the round pipe used as half-finished material and it is the starting dimension for an equivalence design with the cross section evolvement of the desired tube profile. It also represents the bent tube diameter in the C bending area, as per figures 25 and 26;
  • - s - is the wall thickness of the pipe used as half-finished material and, respectively, of the bent tube, upon ignoring the slight decrease of wall thickness during the calibrating of the P profiled areas;
  • a - is the length of the tube profile in cross section in the P profiled areas, as per figure 25;
  • Di n - is the medium bending diameter of the tube (on the neutral bending fiber, respectively on the longitudinal axis of the tube) in the C bending area, as per figures 25 and 26;
  • C DV - is the diametric technological factor of virtual bending, defined as the ratio of the medium bending diameter D ind of the tube in the C bending area to the profile length or width in the cross section of the P profiled areas, the values of A or B being adopted depending on which of them is oriented on the radial direction in respect to the plane in which Dind is contained.
  • This parameter is defined as a "virtual bending" value, assuming theoretically the tube would be manufactured by preliminary profiling by traditional technological methods (for instance, by lamination) and subsequently it would be bent, which is only a virtual possibility for U-shape bending, this being the last significant operation in the manufacturing technological flow;
  • a %v - is the absolute maximal elongation, in the situation described as "virtual bending". It is considered to be the difference between the stress condition of the material on the bending inner extreme fiber and the stress condition of the material on the bending outer extreme fiber (the two conditions being of compression and extension, respectively).
  • Arint - is the relative maximal elongation in respect to the neutral fiber, in the situation described as "real bending";
  • a %r - is the absolute maximal elongation, in the situation described as "real bending". It is considered to be the difference between the stress condition of the material on the bending inner extreme fiber and the stress condition of the material on the bending outer extreme fiber (the two conditions being of compression and extension, respectively).
  • U-shape bent tubes profiled after bending are designed to have cross section shapes such as to grant a maximum thermal exchange for the radiating elements they are part of. Further, these tubes will grant heat exchangers that include them such performance level as to justify the characterization of efficiency mentioned previously.
  • the three profiles to which reference is made in the examples of implementing the invention are:
  • the elliptical tube characterized through the fact that the shape of the cross section is that of an ellipse, analytically defined as the locus of the points for which the sum of distances at two fixed points, called focal points, is constant; according to the markings in figure 25 and in Table 1 , the elliptic tube is defined through parameters A, B and s, as in the exemplifying type 11.48 x 5.98 x 0.4 in Table 1 ;
  • the oval tube characterized through the fact that the shape of the cross section is that of a special ellipse (a lemniscate curve in the analytical geometry), generated by the tangency of two circles with different radius, R and r, according to the principle in figure 25; according to the markings in figure 25 and in Table 1 , the oval tube is defined through parameters A, B and s, as in the exemplifying types 12 x 3.2 x 0.35 and 36 x 14 x 1 in Table 1; - The flat-oval tube, characterized through the fact that the shape of the cross section is that of a rectangle where the width sides are replaced by external half-circles, the diameter of which is equal to the substituted width; according to markings in figure 25 and in Table 1 , the flat-oval tube is defined through parameters A, B and s, as in the exemplifying types 13 x 2 x 0.3 and 65 x 9 x 1.5 in Table 1.
  • a special ellipse a lemniscate curve in the analytical geometry
  • Profiled tubes of such sorts and dimensions are currently known and used for heat exchanger manufacture.
  • the disadvantage of their use as previously profiled tubes in the manufacturing of heat exchangers resides in the fact that they cannot be bent in order to develop structures of radiating elements in terms of this invention.
  • the "Romradicopy” radiating elements in terms of the invention, have U-shape bent tubes 1, whose cross sections in the profiled sides area P, i.e. the active area of the radiating element, are elliptical, as per figures 1 , 7, 11 , 14, oval, as per figures 2, 5, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, or flat-oval, as per figures 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 19.
  • the "Romradicopy” radiating elements in terms of the invention, have U-shape bent tubes 1 whose cross section major axes in the profiled sides area P of elliptical, oval or flat-oval shape, i.e. in the active area of the radiating element, are parallel to the flowing direction of the external fluid, as per figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 and examples 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 in figure 26.
  • the "Romradischreib" radiating elements in terms of the invention, have U-shape bent tubes 1 , whose cross section major axes in the profiled sides area P of oval or flat-oval shape, i.e. in the active area of the radiating element, are oblique under a certain angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid, as per figures 5, 6, 16, 17 and examples 16, 17 in figure 26.
  • the "Romradischreib" radiating elements in terms of the invention, may be manufactured with U-shape bent tubes 1 , having elliptical, oval or flat oval profiled sides in the P area and having the U-shape bending plane perpendicular to the flowing direction of the external fluid, as per figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and examples 1, 4, 5 in figure 26.
  • the "Romradischreib" radiating elements in terms of the invention, may be manufactured with U-shape bent tubes 1, having elliptical, oval or flat oval profiled sides in the P area and having the U-shape bending plane parallelto the flowing direction of the external fluid, as per figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19 and examples 7, 8, 9, 10 in figure 26.
  • the "Romradischreib" radiating elements in terms of the invention, may be manufactured with U-shape bent tubes 1 , having elliptical, oval or flat oval profiled sides in the P area and having the U-shape bending plane oblique under a certain angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid, as per figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and examples 11, 16, 17 in figure 26.
  • the material tubes are manufactured of is adopted depending on the following factors: the fin assembling technology chosen; the technological characteristics of the tube material, such as to allow U-shape bending and subsequent profiling of the bent sides in view of obtaining the desired cross sections; the operating conditions of the heat exchanger (operation pressure and temperature); the thermal conductivity of the material.
  • the manufacturing method of the heat exchangers containing "Romradischreib" high efficiency radiating elements consists of a series of operations, as per figure 20, performed by some specific machines and tools, building up a manufacturing line.
  • the production flow includes the following sequence of operations:
  • the material recommended for the manufacturing of flat fins 2 is EN AW-1050A aluminum type according to SR EN 573-3 or aluminum alloys, the recommended type being EN AW-3103 according to SR EN 573-3.
  • fins 2 may be manufactured of copper, the recommended type being Cu-DLP, according to SR ISO 1337. This material is recommended when the final soldering of the radiating elements is performed with tin - lead type alloys. As indicated in the examples of figures 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, in terms of the invention, fins 2 may also be manufactured of aluminum, the recommended type being EN AW-1050A, according to SR EN 573-3. This material is recommended when the final assembling of the radiating elements is performed by brazing. 2. - The manufacturing of cooling fluid circulation tubes is carried out on a specialized machine 2, as per figure 20.
  • tubes 1 may be manufactured of aluminum, the recommended type being EN AW-1050A according to SR EN 573-3, of aluminum alloys, the recommended type being EN AW-3103 according to SR EN 573-3, or of copper, the recommended type being Cu-ETP according to SR ISO 1337.
  • the tubes 1 may be manufactured of brass, the recommended type being CuZn 30 according to STAS 95-90, or of copper, the recommended type being Cu-ETP according to SR ISO 1337.
  • the tubes 1 may be manufactured of aluminum, the recommended type being EN AW-1050A according to SR EN 573-3.
  • the tubes 1 may be manufactured of steel, in which case the assembling with the basins may be performed by welding or by combined brazing-welding.
  • the assembling of the radiating element made up of tubes 1 and flat or curled fins 2, may be performed manually, automatically or by a combined method. In terms of the invention, this operation is carried out by the machine 3, as per figure 20.
  • the currently known methods of assembling radiating elements are:
  • soldering between tubes 1 and fins 2 by the melting of the tin - lead alloy layer placed on tubes 1 , heating and maintaining the radiating element in assembled condition in a furnace, at a controlled temperature.
  • the soldering-based assembling method is widely known and employed in the manufacture of heat exchangers.
  • tubes 1 and fins 2 may be manufactured of aluminum, the recommended aluminum type for both components being EN AW - 1050A according to SR EN 573-3.
  • the assembling of the radiating element may consist of:
  • tubes 1 and fins 2 may be manufactured of appropriate types of aluminum alloys. In such cases, the assembling may be also performed by other currently known and used brazing methods.
  • a second profiling of the tube ends by returning from the oval, elliptical or flat-oval shape to the circular shape of the tube cross section over a length which is at least equal to the contact area between the tube and the base plate recess.
  • This is followed by a mechanic assembling, either by a direct flanging onto the base plate or by using a gasket and by the diametric expanding of the pipe in view of compressing it until complete tightness is achieved.
  • This method is widely known, as circular holes and tubes are easiest to process, assemble and seal.
  • the machine 5, as per figure 20, may be a tube end profiling machine, a flanging machine or a gasket mounting and deforming machine;
  • a special adhesive also called “structural adhesive”, mono or bi-component type
  • This operation is followed by the final parts assembling and connecting, further followed by the solidification (polymerization) of the adhesive in an adequate furnace (in this case the machine is in position /operation 6 in figure 20).
  • the involved equipment 5, in terms of the invention, as per figure 20, is a half-automated machine for applying adhesive on the ends of the radiating element tubes and for the base plate mounting;
  • This equipment may be a soldering furnace, a brazing furnace, an adhesive polymerization furnace, an expanding machine or a flanging machine.
  • the manufacturing method of U- shape bent tubes, profiled after bending consists in the following operations, all performed in a fully automated manner by a tube manufacturing machine (the operations thus becoming "technological steps").
  • This machine is, in terms of the invention, that corresponding to operation 2 in the heat exchanger manufacturing flow, as per figure 20:
  • figures 22 and 23 present the case where simultaneous profiling is applied to both branches of the U-shape bent tubes. They also present the principle of the profiling device, specialized for a certain tube cross section profile in the P profiled area and for a certain Dind bending diameter, in compliance with the values given in Table 1 and in figure 26.
  • the tubes are presented as they appear after undergoing the operations of steps F4 and F5.
  • a cross section of the profiling device showing two profiling blades 1 and 2, the driving bars 3 and 4 of the profiling blades, as well as a number of accessories meant to facilitate operation (guiding sleeves and columns, reset springs).
  • the profiling blades 1 and 2 are first moved together and then moved apart, by a translation motion accomplished by blade driving bars 3 and 4. These bars are coupled to or coincide with the bars of some hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders.
  • the profiling device employed for the manufacturing of U-shape bent tubes also contains, as in figure 24: blades 5 and 6 which hold and block the C bending areas of the tubes (which are accordingly profiled, thus allowing the profiling of the tubes in their T transfer areas as well), the two bars 7 for the P profiled area interior calibration on the tube branches, and driving bar 8 of the calibrating bars; this latter is coupled to or identical with the bar of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
  • the operation mode of the profiling device, simultaneously explaining step F5 of the suggested method includes the following sub- steps, as per figure 24:
  • FIG. 27 Another practical example of building the profiling device used in the manufacturing of U-shape bent profiled tubes during step F5, in terms of the invention, is presented in figure 27.
  • This device is designed for the profiling of tubes meant to have a variable average D ind tube-bending diameter, within a certain range, depending on the application.
  • This device has a far wider range of applicability, having in mind the design standardization of radiating elements or of heat exchangers manufactured by the proposed method.
  • the profiling device is placed on a revolving plate driven and indexable in both directions, consisting of half-cylindrical profiling blades 1 and 2, replaceable according to the desired shape of the tube after profiling.
  • Figure 27 presents examples of profiling blades for ail the three shapes of cross sections mentioned above, i.e. elliptical, oval and flat -oval, but easily adjustable for other shapes as well.
  • the advantage of profiling blades 1 and 2 is that they may be moved together (paired mode), by a translation motion applied during the device adjustment, in view of a tube bending at a predetermined D ⁇ nd diameter, along two radial guiding slots carved in the revolving plate.
  • the same profiling blades 1 and 2 may revolve in both directions, in an indexable manner, around the axis of the cylinder the blades form in closed condition.
  • This rotation movement may be applied either for adjustment or for working operations, in this latter case a torsion of the already profiled tubes being performed (the interior calibration bar 7 being already inserted inside the tubes and having the capability to revolve around its own longitudinal axis).
  • the application in terms of the invention, is specific for the manufacturing of "Romradischreib" radiating elements of U-shape bent tubes with elliptical, oval or flat-oval profiled sides in the P area, where the U-shape bending plane is oblique under a certain angle to the flowing direction of the external fluid, as indicated in figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and in examples 11, 16, 17 in figure 26.
  • the combined application of the method - profiling followed by torsion - is possible, depending of the physical and mechanical features of the material the tubes are made of (especially in the case of copper and aluminum made tubes, where the plastic deformation by torsion may be performed in cold condition) and on the size of the torsion angle.
  • the practical example of profiling device presented in figure 27 may operate with one or two pairs of profiling blades 1 and 2, with one or two internal calibration bars 7, depending on the complexity of the profiling and on the orientation of the profiling axes directions as to the U bending plane of the tubes.
  • One- pair-blade operation is especially considered for cases when Pr x and Pr z projections, as in figure 26, are simultaneously non-zeros.
  • the operation mode of the profiling device presented in figure 27, explaining the performing of operation / step F5 of the suggested method includes the same sub-steps F5.1, F5.2, F5.3, F5.4 and F5.5 described above, in connection with the diagram and the notations in figure 24.
  • Derived radiating elements may be manufactured, in terms of the invention, according to the examples presented in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • the design of these elements could be based on the practical examples presented, in view of covering a wider and more diversified range of heat exchangers, i.e.: with three, four or several rows of tubes; with a linear or interposed (chess board pattern) arrangement of the tubes; with the major axes of the profile cross sections oriented parallely or obliquely to the flowing direction of the extemal fluid; with the U-shape bending plane of the tubes having a perpendicular, oblique or parallel orientation to the flowing direction of the external fluid; with flat, curled or other shape fins; with various configurations and shapes of the internal fluid circuits through the heat exchanger, with intake and exhaust chosen in accordance with the application.
  • Radiating elements may be used on heat exchangers for: cooling or heating radiators for internal combustion engine driven vehicles; oil coolers or radiators for internal combustion engine driven vehicles or for industrial equipment; air coolers or radiators for internal combustion engine driven vehicles or for industrial equipment; evaporators and condensers for vehicle air conditioners or for industrial refrigerating equipment; convectors and radiators for dwellings, offices and industrial premises; heat exchangers for central heating stations; heat economizers; other applications requiring a high efficiency heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des éléments rayonnants haute efficacité de type 'Romradiatoare' pour des échangeurs thermiques conçus pour des moteurs à combustion interne, du matériel de climatisation, des installations de chauffage central, des équipements industriels, et pour d'autres applications. Cette invention permet de fabriquer des échangeurs thermiques avec un niveau de puissance élevé, grâce à l'utilisation d'éléments rayonnants dont le fluide intérieur suit un circuit en forme de U, ce circuit étant fabriqué à base de tuyaux coudés de forme identique (1). Ces tuyaux, qui présentent une section transversale circulaire dans la zone arrondie selon un certain rayon, présentent également des parties non circulaires, c'est-à-dire par exemple elliptiques, ovales, ou ovales aplaties, au niveau des parties coudées qui sont profilées après avoir été cintrées, afin d'être en contact direct avec les ailettes (2). Cette invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'échangeurs thermiques, ce procédé s'appuyant sur une nouvelle méthode permettant de fabriquer les tuyaux (1) qui forment les éléments rayonnants de type 'Romradiatoare' susmentionnés, par un profilage de ces tuyaux après leur cintrage.
PCT/RO1999/000002 1998-06-12 1999-02-16 Elements rayonnants haute efficacite pour echangeurs thermiques et procede de fabrication d'echangeurs thermiques a l'aide de ces elements Ceased WO2000000778A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RO98-01068 1998-06-12
RO98-01068A RO120359B1 (ro) 1998-06-12 1998-06-12 Element radiant pentru schimbătoare de căldură şi procedeu de realizare a acestora

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WO2000000778A2 true WO2000000778A2 (fr) 2000-01-06
WO2000000778A3 WO2000000778A3 (fr) 2000-04-20

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2376513A (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Bundy As Heat transfer element
WO2006005594A1 (fr) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-19 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Echangeur thermique notamment destine a des vehicules
WO2007028462A1 (fr) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-15 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Echangeur de chaleur assemble mecaniquement
CN102009076A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2011-04-13 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 U形椭圆管加工设备及工艺
DE102009047620A1 (de) 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Van Buren Township Wärmeübertrager mit Rohrbündel
CN102435331A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-05-02 Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 一种空调器感温头固定装置和空调器
CN102847742A (zh) * 2012-08-30 2013-01-02 上海大俊凯电器科技有限公司 长u型管的成型控制方法及系统
WO2014129318A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 シャープ株式会社 Évaporateur et réfrigérateur l'utilisant
WO2018045351A1 (fr) * 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 Additive Rocket Corporation Moteur à combustion produit par impression 3d
JPWO2017104049A1 (ja) * 2015-12-17 2018-03-29 三菱電機株式会社 熱交換器およびそれを備えた空気調和機ならびに熱交換器の製造方法
US12449203B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2025-10-21 Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc Heat exchanger

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US3631922A (en) 1970-05-04 1972-01-04 Chrysler Corp Heat exchanger fin
GB2023798A (en) 1978-06-21 1980-01-03 Hitachi Ltd Fin-tube heat exchanger
US4266604A (en) 1978-08-23 1981-05-12 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger with fluid tanks made of synthetic resin
FR2472732A1 (fr) 1979-12-29 1981-07-03 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Echangeur de chaleur, en particulier condenseur a flux double ou multiple pour installations de climatisation de vehicules
DE3133665A1 (de) 1981-08-26 1983-03-17 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Anordnung zur verbindung von rohren eines waermetauscherblocks mit einem anschlusskasten, insbesondere fuer einen verdampfer
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2376513A (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Bundy As Heat transfer element
WO2006005594A1 (fr) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-19 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Echangeur thermique notamment destine a des vehicules
WO2007028462A1 (fr) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-15 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Echangeur de chaleur assemble mecaniquement
DE102009047620B4 (de) 2009-12-08 2018-05-17 Hanon Systems Wärmeübertrager mit Rohrbündel
DE102009047620A1 (de) 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Van Buren Township Wärmeübertrager mit Rohrbündel
DE102009047620C5 (de) 2009-12-08 2023-01-19 Hanon Systems Wärmeübertrager mit Rohrbündel
CN102009076A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2011-04-13 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 U形椭圆管加工设备及工艺
CN102435331A (zh) * 2011-09-02 2012-05-02 Tcl空调器(中山)有限公司 一种空调器感温头固定装置和空调器
CN102847742A (zh) * 2012-08-30 2013-01-02 上海大俊凯电器科技有限公司 长u型管的成型控制方法及系统
WO2014129318A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 シャープ株式会社 Évaporateur et réfrigérateur l'utilisant
JPWO2017104049A1 (ja) * 2015-12-17 2018-03-29 三菱電機株式会社 熱交換器およびそれを備えた空気調和機ならびに熱交換器の製造方法
WO2018045351A1 (fr) * 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 Additive Rocket Corporation Moteur à combustion produit par impression 3d
US12449203B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2025-10-21 Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc Heat exchanger

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RO120359B1 (ro) 2005-12-30

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