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WO2000078295A1 - Microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell-drug for alleviating pain - Google Patents

Microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell-drug for alleviating pain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000078295A1
WO2000078295A1 PCT/CN2000/000155 CN0000155W WO0078295A1 WO 2000078295 A1 WO2000078295 A1 WO 2000078295A1 CN 0000155 W CN0000155 W CN 0000155W WO 0078295 A1 WO0078295 A1 WO 0078295A1
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cells
solution
adrenal medulla
concentration
bovine adrenal
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yilong Xue
Limin He
Zhengfu Wang
Li Zhang
Xinjian Li
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Priority to CN00801292A priority Critical patent/CN1127948C/zh
Priority to AU52054/00A priority patent/AU5205400A/en
Publication of WO2000078295A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000078295A1/zh
Priority to US10/017,159 priority patent/US6645488B2/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0613Cells from endocrine organs
    • C12N5/0614Adrenal gland
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5036Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • A61K2035/126Immunoprotecting barriers, e.g. jackets, diffusion chambers
    • A61K2035/128Immunoprotecting barriers, e.g. jackets, diffusion chambers capsules, e.g. microcapsules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to animal cell medicines, and more particularly, to a microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell medicine for treating pain. Background technique
  • Existing analgesics such as morphine, can produce analgesic effects in a short period of time, but they are prone to drug resistance and addiction after repeated administration.
  • BCC heterogeneous bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells
  • the secretions of BCC can slowly and uniformly diffuse out of the fiber tube, exerting analgesic effects, and the macromolecule immunoglobulin in the host body cannot penetrate the tube wall film. Pores, so that the cells can survive in the host for a long time (about a year) and continuously secrete analgesics, which has a therapeutic effect on patients with pain.
  • the hollow fiber tube has a large volume. On the one hand, due to the large dead space in the tube, the diffusion of nutrients and metabolites is affected, making it difficult for cells in the tube to survive for a long time; on the other hand, a large volume of fiber tube is implanted into the spinal cord.
  • Subarachnoid tends to irritate and compress the spinal cord nerves, resulting in many adverse side effects on the human body.
  • surgical implantation must be performed when implanted under the spinal cord of the spinal cord to bring the patient To some damage.
  • hollow fiber tubes made of materials such as deacetylated chitin, polyacrylamide, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (used in the United States) have poor biocompatibility and are likely to cause host tissue reactions.
  • APA microcapsule made of sodium alginate-polylysine-sodium alginate (hereinafter referred to as APA microcapsule) has a small volume (200-1000um in diameter) and high biocompatibility. It is conducive to the long-term intact existence of microcapsules in animals and the long-term survival of cells in the tadpoles. Experiments have shown that the diaphragm of APA capsules can cut molecules larger than 110,000 Kd (Dalton), so that immunoglobulin and immune-active cells cannot pass through the membrane and enter the capsule to destroy the animal cells in the capsule. Good immune protection.
  • APA microcapsules have good biocompatibility and can be intact in small and large animals for a long time (about one and a half years).
  • Transplantation of pancreatic islets, hepatocytes, parathyroid glands and recombinant human growth hormone secreting cells Studies in W 0 7 model animals have been shown to protect xenografts from host immune system damage. However, so far, no reports have been found at home and abroad to use APA to slightly bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells as a drug for the treatment of pain. Summary of the invention
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an APA micro-puppetized bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell medicine with high biocompatibility, long action time, small toxic and side effects, and simple operation, which is suitable for treating pain.
  • a microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell medicine for treating pain characterized in that the cell medicine is prepared according to the following steps:
  • bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells are mixed with a sodium alginate solution having a concentration of 10-20g / L to make a suspension, so that 0.1-lxlO 18 cells per liter of suspension;
  • step (2) using a spray device to disperse the suspension obtained in step (1) in a state of droplets with a diameter of 150- 100 ⁇ m in a calcium chloride or calcium lactate solution having a concentration of 80-120 mol / L, two liquids The ratio is to ensure that 0.1 to ⁇ 8 cells per liter of the mixed solution are left for 5-20 minutes. After the precipitation is completely removed, the supernatant is removed to obtain calcium alginate beads containing bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells;
  • step (3) Add the precipitate obtained in step (2) to a polylysine solution with a concentration of 0.3-0.7 g / L, the ratio of the two is to ensure that G.2-2xl0 8 cells per liter of liquid , Mix well, leave it for 5-20 minutes, remove the supernatant after precipitation is complete to obtain a precipitate;
  • step (3) Add the precipitate obtained in step (3) to a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 1.0-2.0 g / L.
  • the ratio of the two is to ensure that 0.2- 2xl0 8 cells per liter of liquid are mixed and mixed uniformly. , Leave it for 3-15 minutes, remove the supernatant after the precipitation is complete to obtain a precipitate;
  • step (4) Add the precipitate obtained in step (4) to a sodium citrate solution with a concentration of 40-70mraol / L. The ratio of the two is to ensure that Q.2- 2xl0 8 cells per liter of liquid are mixed. Uniform, leave for 5-20 minutes, remove the supernatant after the precipitation is complete, and obtain a micro-puppetized bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell pellet;
  • step (5) The precipitate obtained in step (5) is added to a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 9 g / L for washing, and finally the precipitate is transferred into a cell culture medium and cultured as a microencapsulated cow for treating pain Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells Preserved by Drugs.
  • micro-blunt bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell medicine according to item 1, wherein the bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell preferably has a purity of 80% or more.
  • step (2) it is preferable to disperse the suspension obtained in the step (1) in a state of droplets with a diameter of 180-500 ⁇ m.
  • the APA micropeptidic BCC (2-9x10 6 cells) of the present invention When in use, as long as the APA micropeptidic BCC (2-9x10 6 cells) of the present invention is injected into the pain Patients (such as cancer pain patients) under the spinal cord can produce analgesic effect within 4-24 hours, and a single injection can maintain analgesic effect for more than 9 months.
  • the first item is a necessary explanation feature
  • the second and third items are preferred technical features.
  • the bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell (BCC) described in the present invention refers to cells that can be stained by a chromium-containing dye in the bovine adrenal medulla. It can secrete monoamines, enkephalins (including metrephin) , Leucine), and neurotrophic factors, which have analgesic effects.
  • the method of obtaining and purifying BCC is not within the scope of the present invention but belongs to the conventional technology.
  • collagenase Col lagenase
  • chromaffin cells account for about 50-601 ⁇ 2 of the total number of cells
  • endothelial cells and fibroblasts account for about 40-50% of the total number of cells. Due to the small morphology of blood cells, they are usually not counted in total cells Inside. It should be noted that since BCC accounts for about 50-60% of the total number of bovine adrenal medulla cells, it can be applied to the present invention without purification. However, in order to improve the therapeutic effect, it is preferable to purify it to about 80% of the total number of cells. As a BCC purification method, for example, a conventional adherent purification method can be used. The principle is that different types of cells have different degrees of adherence tendency for separation.
  • fibroblasts For example, for a mixture containing chromaffin cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and blood cells, within a few hours in the culture flask, most of the fibroblasts adhered, while most of the chromaffin cells, endothelial cells, and blood cells did not Adheres to the wall, so most fibroblasts can be removed when changing bottles. Because blood cells do not grow adherently, most of the blood cells can be removed by culturing for a long time (for example, 24-48 hours). After the chromaffin cells and endothelial cells adhere to the bottle, they can be changed again. In this way, after two bottle changes, the purity of BCC can reach more than 80% of the total number of cells (except blood cells).
  • the method of counting cells a conventional method of observing and counting under a microscope after staining can be adopted. For example, trypan blue staining can be used (see “Tissue Culture Media and Reagents”, p. 1566).
  • the amount of solution used in each step can be grasped according to the limited number of cells.
  • the suspension obtained in step (1) of the technical solution 1 of the present invention contains 0.1-lxl O 1 "cells per liter, and the mixed solution in step (2) contains 0.1 per liter.
  • -lxl O 8 cells that is, the cell concentration in the suspension of step (1) is equivalent to about 100 times the cell concentration in the mixed solution of step (2). Therefore, if it is removed from the suspension in step (1) 1ml, it is best to disperse it into 100ml calcium chloride solution in step (2), and so on.
  • step (2) The effect of forming calcium alginate beads in step (2) is to create conditions for obtaining microcapsules containing bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells in step (5).
  • step (5) the sodium ion of sodium citrate replaces the calcium ions in the calcium alginate beads to form a micro-puppet with many small pores.
  • These microcapsules contain many BCCs, and sodium alginate is wrapped around the BCCs.
  • the method for forming the calcium alginate beads is not particularly limited, as long as it can disperse the sodium alginate suspension containing BCC in a sufficiently small droplet in the calcium chloride solution.
  • the diameter of the sodium alginate suspension droplets should generally be in the range of 150-1000 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 180-500 ⁇ m. If the droplet diameter is more than ⁇ , the final microcapsule obtained is too large, and it is easy to cause rupture when injected into the human or animal body, so it is not good.
  • the commonly used droplet dispersion methods include needle injection method, spray method, etc.
  • the spray method is preferred, and the static micro-pump generator manufactured by the University of Toronto, Canada (see “Enzymatic Methods” "Micro-pumped islet cells: A Biological Endocrine Pancreas "SUN, AM Micro-encapsulat ion of pancrea ticis let cel l: a bio- art if ic ia l endocr ine pancreas. In: Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 137, pp. 575-580, 1988 ) Method of spraying.
  • the present invention has the following positive effects:
  • the patient's pain score (graded by 2 doctors according to the internationally accepted VAS scoring method) was significantly reduced, the spirit and appetite improved, and the treatment effect had continued for more than 120 days without any significant side effects.
  • This fact indicates that the implantation of the APA microencapsulated BCC of the present invention can produce a significant analgesic effect, and the APA microcapsules can protect the graft (ie, BCC) from damage to the host's immune system, making the microencapsulated BCC It can survive for a long time in the xenograft and play an analgesic effect permanently.
  • the present invention has the following characteristics:
  • the APA microcapsules made according to the present invention have a small volume (180 "500 um in diameter), and therefore have at least three advantages, namely (1) it is conducive to the diffusion of nutrients and metabolites, and the cells in the pupae are prone to long-term survival; 2)
  • the hollow fiber tube is not required to be implanted by surgery, and the microdiaphragm can be injected into the spinal cord subarachnoid space with a simple lumbar puncture method, with little damage to the tissue; (3) in the spinal cord subarachnoid space It is not easy to cause side effects of stimulation and compression on spinal nerves;
  • APA microcapsules have good biocompatibility
  • Microencapsulated BCC can play a long-term analgesic effect in the host, avoiding drug resistance, addiction and other side effects caused by repeated use of analgesics;
  • bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells can be obtained in large quantities
  • Microcrysted BCC can be stored using low temperature technology, which is convenient for long distance transportation and bulk supply.
  • the present invention has the characteristics of obvious effect in treating pain, long action time, safe use, easy operation, stable quality, mass production, and short production cycle. It has broad application prospects in clinical applications.
  • Nie Jia embodiment of the present invention has the characteristics of obvious effect in treating pain, long action time, safe use, easy operation, stable quality, mass production, and short production cycle. It has broad application prospects in clinical applications.
  • the solution in the culture bottle only needs to be removed, and the BCC can be collected from the culture bottle by conventional trypsin digestion for further processing. .
  • Example 2 Preparation of microencapsulated animal cell drugs
  • the BCC obtained according to the method of Example 1 was centrifuged to obtain a precipitate of BCC, washed with physiological saline and diluted to 1 ml, and transferred to a centrifuge tube.
  • step 6 Add the precipitate obtained in step 5 to 60 ml of a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 1.5 g / L, mix and mix, and leave at room temperature for 10 minutes. After the precipitation is complete, remove the supernatant.
  • step 7 Add the precipitate obtained in step 6 to 60ml of sodium citrate solution with a concentration of 55mmo l / L, and leave it at room temperature for 10 minutes. After the precipitation is complete, remove the supernatant to obtain microencapsulated animal cells containing BCC. Precipitate.
  • Example 2 The microencapsulated BCC suspension obtained in Example 2 was precipitated, and washed 3 times with a sodium chloride solution having a concentration of 9 g / L to obtain a sodium chloride suspension containing micro tritiated BCC.
  • This suspension was injected under the spinal cord of the 10 rats in an injection amount of 1 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ( ⁇ : / 20 ⁇ 1 sodium chloride solution per rat), and the results showed that all the injected BCC
  • the thermal pain threshold of rats using the internationally common foot-lift test and tail-flick test to detect rat responses to acute noxious thermal stimuli was significantly increased (80% -110% higher than before injection), and the duration of action More than 9 months.
  • APA microencapsulated BCC (approximately 7 X 10 ⁇ cells) was suspended in 5 ml of a 9 g / L sodium chloride solution, and was injected into a spinal cobweb of a cancer pain patient who must use a long-term pain medication by a conventional lumbar puncture method. Under the film. A total of 10 cancer pain patients were selected for the pain score before and after injection (VAS method). The results showed that the pain score (VAS method) of 9 patients after transplantation (ie, injection of microencapsulated BCC) decreased from grade 6-10 to Grades 0 to 2; Pain medication was discontinued on the day of 4 of the 9 patients, and the other 5 patients were discontinued on the next day or the 3rd day.
  • oral analgesic mescamidine 60mg / day is needed. After 4 hours of injection of microencapsulated BCC 7 X 10 6 cells, the analgesics are discontinued. The VAS pain score has dropped from 8 to 0. The effect is now Lasts more than 120 days.
  • Oral analgesic fenfen must be given 300 mg / day before taking this medicine. After 18 hours of injection of microcapsule BCC 7.5 X 10 6 cells, the analgesics are discontinued, and the VAS pain score has dropped from 6 to 0. The effect has now continued More than 90 days.
  • analgesic drug mexiconidine 6 Omg / day should be taken orally, and it was reduced to mexicontine 30mg / day 24 hours after the injection of microcapsule BCC 7 ⁇ 10 6 cells. After 6 days, the pain medication was completely discontinued and VAS pain The score dropped from 10 to 2 and the effect has now lasted more than 80 days.
  • Li Xiangzhi female, 60 years old, with multiple bone tumors.
  • intramuscular analgesic morphine 20mg / day should be injected intramuscularly. After 24 hours of injection of microencapsulated BCC7 X 10 6 cells, it was reduced to morphine 10mg / day. After 3 days, the analgesics were completely discontinued. The VAS pain score was grade 10. Down to level 1, the effect has now lasted more than 60 days. Statistics on the effect of treating pain are as follows:
  • the analgesic time of one injection reached more than 300 days, the longest reached 570 days, and most of them reached more than 100 days.
  • the medicament of the medicament of bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cells of the invention has a small volume (180 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m in diameter) and can be injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord by a simple method. Effect without irritating and oppressive side effects.
  • the microlysed cells Drugs are available in large quantities and are easily transported over long distances.

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Description

用于治疗疼痛的微囊化牛肾上腺髓盾嗜铬细胞药物 技术领域
本发明涉及动物细胞药物, 更具体地说, 涉及一种用于治疗疼痛的微嚢化 牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物。 背景技术
疼痛是一种常见的可由多种病因引起的给病人带来极大痛苦的症状。 现 有的镇痛药物, 如吗啡类, 虽可在短时间内产生止痛效果, 但反复用药后易 产生抗药性及成瘾性。 由于 ' 上腺髓质嗜铬细胞可分泌出某些与镇痛作用有 关的物质, 如曱啡肽、 亮啡肽及单胺类物质等, 如果将该嗜铬细胞植入人或动 物的脊髓蛛网膜下, 就可以象一个天然的 "微型生物泵" 那样, 长期恒定地 分泌出镇痛物质, 而且不会产生抗药性及成瘾性。 故在本世纪八十年代初, 美国和瑞士的两个研究组尝试用同种 (人、 鼠) 的肾上腺髓质组织和嗜铬细胞
( chromaff in ce l l )移植入脊髓蛛网膜下内治疗疼痛, 取得了满意的效果。 但由于人类的肾上腺髓质组织和嗜铬细胞来源稀少, 故在九十年代美国的研 究组尝试用异种的牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞 (以下简称 BCC ) 植入癌症病人的 脊髓蛛网膜下以治疗癌痛。 为了克服免疫排斥反应, 他们采用长度为 5cm、 直 径 1mm 的聚丙烯酰胺中空纤维管包裹 BCC。 由于中空纤维管壁膜孔只允许小分 子的物质通过, 所以 BCC 的分泌物可緩慢而且均勾地扩散出纤维管, 发挥止痛 作用, 而宿主体内的大分子免疫球蛋白不能穿透管壁膜孔, 因此使细胞能较长 时间 (一年左右) 在宿主体内存活并不断地分泌止痛物质, 从而对疼痛患者产 生治疗作用。 但是, 中空纤维管的体积较大, 一方面, 由于其管内死腔大, 因 此影响了营养物和代谢物的扩散, 使得管内细胞不易长期存活; 另一方面, 大 体积的纤维管植入脊髓蛛网膜下易对脊髓神经产生刺激和压迫, 从而产生许 多对人体不利的副作用; 此外, 由于中空纤维管的体积大, 植入脊髓蛛网膜 下时必须采用外科手术的方法植入, 给病人带来一定的损伤。 同时, 用脱乙 酰几丁质、 聚丙烯酰胺及羧曱基纤维素钠等材料(美国等使用) 制作的中空纤 维管的生物相容性较差, 容易引起宿主体的组织反应。 另一方面, 采用藻酸钠 一聚赖氨酸一藻酸钠制作的三层结构膜微胶嚢(以下简称 APA微胶囊) , 其体 积小 (直径为 200-1000um ) 、 生物相容性高, 利于微囊在动物体内长时间完好 存在和嚢内细胞较长期存活。 实验已证明, APA 胶囊的嚢膜可截割大于 11万 Kd (道尔顿) 的分子, 使免疫球蛋白和免疫活性细胞不能穿过该膜而进入囊内 破坏其中的动物细胞, 因而具有较好的免疫保护作用。 实验亦显示出 APA 微 胶嚢具有较好的生物相容性, 在小、 大动物体内可较长时间 (约 1 年半) 完 好存在。 在胰岛、 肝细胞、 甲状旁腺和基因重组人生长激素分泌细胞移植治 W 0 7 疗疾病模型动物的研究中, 已证明具有保护异种移植物免受宿主免疫系统破 坏的作用。 但是, 迄今为止, 国内外尚未发现采用 APA微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质 嗜铬细胞作为药物用于治疗疼痛的报道。 发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种生物相容性高、 作用时间长、 毒副作用小、 操作简便的适用于治疗疼痛的 APA微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物。
本发明人针对上述现有技术的状况进行了深入研究, 结果发现, 采用下述 技术方案即可达到上述目的, 从而完成了本发明。
本发明的技术方案如下:
1、 用于治疗疼痛的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 其特征在于, 该细胞药物按下列步骤制成:
( 1 )将牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞与一种浓度为 10- 20g/L 的藻酸钠溶液混 合, 制成悬浮液, 使每升悬浮液中含 0. l-lxlO18个细胞;
(2 ) 利用喷雾装置将步骤 ( 1 ) 获得的悬浮液以 150- ΙΟΟΟμηι 直径的微 滴状态分散于一种浓度为 80- 120匪 ol/L 的氯化钙或乳酸钙溶液中, 两种液 体的比例为保证每升混合液含 0.1- ΙχΙΟ8个细胞, 放置 5-20 分钟, 待沉淀完 全后除去上清液, 获得含牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的藻酸钙珠沉淀;
( 3)将步骤(2) 获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 0.3-0.7 g/L 的聚赖 氨酸溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 G.2-2xl08个细胞, 混合均匀, 放置 5- 20分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得沉淀物;
(4)将步骤 (3) 获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 1.0-2.0 g/L 的藻酸 钠溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 0.2- 2xl08个细胞, 混合均匀, 放 置 3-15分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得沉淀物;
(5)将步骤 (4) 获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 40- 70mraol/L 的柠檬 酸钠溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 Q.2- 2xl08个细胞, 混合均匀, 放置 5-20 分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬 细胞沉淀物;
(6)将步骤(5 ) 获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 9 g/L 的氯化钠溶液 中清洗, 最后将沉淀物转移入细胞培养液中培养并作为治疗疼痛的微囊化牛 腎上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物保存。
2、 如第 1 项所述的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 其中所述的牛肾 上腺髓质嗜铬细胞优选具有 80%以上的纯度。
3、 如第 1 项所述的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 在其步骤 (2) 中优选是将步骤(1 ) 获得的悬浮液以 180- 500μιη直径的微滴状态分散。
在使用时, 只要将本发明 ΑΡΑ微嚢化 BCC ( 2-9χ106个细胞) 注入患疼痛 的病人 (例如癌痛病人) 的脊髓蛛网膜下, 即可在 4-24 小时内产生镇痛作 用, 而且一次注射可以维持镇痛作用 9个月以上。
下面对本发明的技术方案进行较详细的解释。
在上述的几项技术方案中, 第 1 项为必要解释特征, 而第 2、 3项属于 优选的技术特征。
在本发明中所述的牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞(BCC ) 是指在牛肾上腺髓质 中能被含铬染料染色的细胞, 它可分泌单胺类、 脑啡肽类 (包括甲啡肽、 亮 啡肽) 及神经营养因子等物质, 这些物质具有镇痛作用。
BCC的获得与纯化方法不属于本发明的范围而是属于常规技术。 例如, 可以使用胶原酶(Col lagenase ) 与牛的肾上腺作用, 使其中胶原组织分解, 然后配合机械方法将牛肾上腺组织分离成单个细胞, 接着使用 170目 (88μπι ) 网孔的筛网过滤, 牛肾上腺髓质细胞 (含嗜铬细胞、 内皮细胞、 成纤维细胞 和血细胞) 穿过滤网, 将网下液离心, 弃去上清液, 即获得了上述各种牛腎 上腺髓质细胞的沉淀物, 其中, 嗜铬细胞约占细胞总数的 50-60½, 内皮细胞 和成纤维细胞二者共约占细胞总数的 40-50%, 由于血细胞的形态很小, 因此 通常都不将其计算在总细胞内。 应予指出, 由于 BCC在牛肾上腺髓质细胞总 数中约占 50-60%, 因此即使不进行纯化也能应用于本发明中。 但是为了提高 治疗效果, 优选将其纯化至 BCC约占细胞总数的 80%以上。 作为 BCC 的纯化 方法, 例如可以釆用常规的贴壁纯化法, 其原理是根据不同种类的细胞具有 不同程度的贴壁倾向来进行分离。 例如对于含有嗜铬细胞、 内皮细胞、 成纤 维细胞和血细胞的混合液来说, 在培养瓶中在数小时内, 大部分成纤维细胞 贴壁, 而大部分嗜铬细胞、 内皮细胞和血细胞不贴壁, 因此换瓶时可除去大 部分成纤维细胞。 又因血细胞不贴壁生长, 故可以通过培养较长时间 (例如 24-48 小时), 待嗜铬细胞及内皮细胞贴壁后再次换瓶即可除去大部分血细 胞。 如此经过两次换瓶即可使 BCC的纯度达到细胞总数(血细胞除外)的 80% 以上。
关于细胞的计数方法, 可以采用常规的染色后显微镜下观察计数的方 法。 例如可以采用胎盘蓝染色法 (Trypan blue s ta in ) ,见于 "组织培养溶 剂和试剂" (Ti s sue Cul ture Media and Reagents) , 第 1566页。
在属于本发明的必要技术特征的 6 个操作步骤中, 各个步骤所用的溶 液量可以根据限定的细胞数目来掌握。 例如, 在上述本发明技术方案 1 的步 骤 (1 ) 所获得的悬浮液中每升含有 0. 1- lxl O1"个细胞, 而在步骤 (2 ) 的混 合液中每升含有 0. 1-lxl O8个细胞, 也就是步骤(1 ) 的悬浮液中的细胞浓度 相当于步骤 (2 ) 的混合液中细胞浓度的约 100倍, 因此, 如果从步骤(1 ) 的悬浮液中取出 1ml , 则在步骤 (2 ) 中最好将其分散到 100ml 的氯化钙溶液 中。 余此类推。 在步骤 ( 2 ) 中形成藻酸钙珠的作用是为了在步骤 ( 5 ) 中获得含牛肾 上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的微嚢创造条件。 在步骤 (5 ) 中, 柠檬酸钠的钠离子将 藻酸钙珠中的钙离子置换之后便形成了具有许多小孔隙的微嚢。 在这些微嚢 中含有许多 BCC, 而在 BCC的周围又包裹着藻酸钠。
对藻酸钙珠的形成方法没有特殊限定, 只要是能将含有 BCC 的藻酸钠 悬浮液以足够微小的液滴分散于氯化钙溶液中即可。 该藻酸钠悬浮液微滴的 直径通常应在 150-1000μιη 的范围内, 优选在 180- 500μιιι 的范围内。 如果微 滴直径在 Ι ΟΟΟμιη 以上, 则最后获得的微嚢过大, 在注射入人或动物的机体 时容易引起破裂, 因此不好。 通常使用的液滴分散方法有针头注射法、 喷雾 法等, 优选是喷雾法, 最优选的是利用加拿大多伦多大学制造的静电微嚢发 生器 (见 《酶学方法》 "微嚢化胰岛细胞: 一种生物内分泌胰" SUN, A. M. Micro-encapsulat ion of pancrea t i c i s let cel l: a bio- art if ic ia l endocr ine pancreas. In: Methods in Enzymology, 第 137 卷, 第 575-580 页, 1988年) 进行的喷雾的方法。
上面对本发明的技术方案进行了较详细的解释, 本领域的技术人员在 阅读了上文及下文所附的实施例之后将能很容易地理解本发明。
与本领域的现有同类技术相比, 本发明具有如下的积极效果:
通过动物实验证实, 使用本发明的 APA微嚢化动物细胞药物 (微嚢直径 150-1000μπι )将含有 0. 2- 1X105个 BCC细胞的微嚢注入正常大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下, 可使大鼠的热痛阈值(用传统的抬脚试验和甩尾试验检测大鼠对急性伤害性 热刺激的反应) 明显升高 (较注药前提高 80°/。- 110% ) , 作用时间超过 9个月。 通过对癌痛病人的治疗证实, 将微嚢化 BCC ( 2- 9X106个细胞) 注入癌痛病人脊 髓蛛网膜下, 可在 4- 24小时内产生镇痛作用, 其中绝大多数病人不再需要使用 其他止痛药物。 病人的疼痛评分值(按国际通用的 VAS评分法由 2名医生进行 评分) 明显下降, 精神和食欲好转, 治疗效果已持续超过 120 天, 而且无明显 的副作用。 这一事实表明, 本发明的 ΑΡΑ微嚢化 BCC的植入可产生明显的镇痛 作用, 而 ΑΡΑ 微囊可保护移植物 (即 BCC )免受宿主体免疫系统的破坏, 使得 微嚢化 BCC可在异种动物体内较长期的存活和持久地发挥镇痛作用。
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有下列特点:
1、 按本发明制作的 ΑΡΑ微嚢体积小 (直径 180"500 um), 因而至少具有 3个优 点, 即 (1 ) 利于营养物和代谢物的扩散, 使嚢内细胞易于较长期的存活; (2 ) 不需以手术的方法将中空纤维管植入, 仅需以简单的腰穿方法即可将微嚢注入 脊髓蛛网膜下腔内, 对组织损伤小; ( 3 ) 在脊髓蛛网膜下腔内不易对脊髓神经 产生刺激和压迫的副作用;
2、 与其它材料的免疫隔离膜相比, APA微囊具有很好的生物相容性;
3、 大量实验已证实, 本发明的 APA微囊具有很好的免疫保护作用; 4、 BCC 在宿主体内可持续地 (3 个月以上) 分泌镇痛物质, 产生持续的镇 痛作用, 克服了临床用药产生的波动性止痛效果;
5、 微嚢化 BCC可在宿主体内较长期地发挥镇痛作用, 避免了反复使用镇痛 药物而产生的抗药性、 成瘾性等副作用;
6、 与采用人肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞相比, 牛腎上腺髓质嗜铬细胞可大批量获 付;
7、 可采用低温技术保存微嚢化 BCC, 便于长距离运输和批量供应。
概括地说, 本发明具有治疗疼痛的效果明显、 作用时间长、 使用安全、 操 作简便、 质量稳定、 可大批量生产、 生产周期短等特点。 在临床应用中具有广 阔的使用前景。 本发明的聂佳实施方式
下面举出实施例、 实验例和应用例来进一步解释本发明, 但本发明不受这些 具体例的限定。
实施例 1: BCC的分离与纯化
1、从屠宰场取到 12个新鲜的牛肾上腺(在室温下的缺血时间不超过 1小时), 在冷藏条件下迅速运回实验室备用。
2、 从肾上腺的静脉注入浓度为 lg/L 的胶原酶 I ( col lagenase I )溶液, 每 个肾上腺注入胶原酶 I溶液 5ml , 然后在 37。C下放置 30分钟, 以便让胶原酶与牛 肾上腺细胞周围的胶质充分反应。
3、 沿肾上腺纵轴切开皮质, 分离出髄质并将其剪碎。
4、 向全部已剪碎的髓质组织中加入 60ml 浓度为 lg/L 的胶原酶 I溶液, 再 放置 30分钟。
5、 用一个网孔为 170目 (88μπι ) 的钢网过滤, 收集网下液。
6、 将网下液离心分离, 弃去上清液, 获得含牛肾上腺髓质细胞(包括 BCC、 内皮细胞、 成纤维细胞和血细胞) 的沉淀物。
7、 用台盘蓝染色法进行计数, 获得的细胞总数(血细胞除外) 为 5. 8X107, 细胞存活率为 90°/。。
8、 将细胞转移入 2个培养瓶中, 每瓶加入 DMEM ( Dulbeco's Modif ied Eagle Medium )培养液(其中还含有青霉素 100单位 /ml、 链霉素 100μδ/πι1、 小牛血清 10体积 °/。) 20 ml , 置于一台温度为 37°C, 含 5体积 °/。C02孵箱内培养, 5 小时后 换瓶, 继续培养, 使 BCC绝大部分贴于瓶壁上, 待用。
通常至少需要培养 24 小时以上, 在用于制备微嚢化动物细胞药物时, 只 需将培养瓶中的溶液去除, 用常规胰酶消化法将 BCC 从培养瓶中收集下来即可 作进一步的处理。
应予说明, 实施例 1的方法属于常规技术, 它对本发明不起任何限定作用。 实施例 2 : 微囊化动物细胞药物的制备
1、 使用按实施例 1 的方法获得的 BCC , 离心分离, 获得 BCC 的沉淀物, 用生理盐水洗涤并稀释至 1ml, 将其移至离心管内。
2、 用台盘蓝染色法计数, 所获得细胞总数为 3 106个细胞, 其中 BCC的纯度 为 82°/。。
3、 向其中加入 1ml 浓度为 15g/L 的藻酸钠溶液, 用搅拌法将其制成悬浮 液。
4、 用静电微囊发生器 (el ect ros ta t ic drop let genera tor , 力。拿大多伦 多大学制造)将悬浮液喷入到 100ml 浓度为 100ramol /L的氯化钙溶液中, 在 10 分钟后获得了一种直径在 180- 500μπι 范围内的含细胞的藻酸钙珠沉淀, 待沉淀 完全后除去上清液。
5、 将藻酸钙珠加入到 50ml浓度为 0. 5g/L的聚赖氨酸溶液中, 混合均匀, 在室温下放置 10分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液。
6、 将步骤 5获得的沉淀物加入到 60ml 浓度为 1. 5g/L的藻酸钠溶液中, 混合均勾, 在室温下放置 10分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液。
7、 将步骤 6获得的沉淀物加入到 60ml 浓度为 55mmo l /L的柠檬酸钠溶液 中, 在室温下放置 10分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得含 BCC的微嚢化动 物细胞沉淀物。
8、 用浓度为 9g/L的氯化钠溶液洗涤沉淀物, 然后将此沉淀物转移入实施 例 1的步骤 8所述的 DMEM培养液中培养, 作为注射用微嚢化 BCC药物待用。
实验例 1: 微嚢化 BCC对大鼠痛阈的影响
1、 使用 10只 Wi s ter品系大鼠作为实验对象, 每只大鼠的重量为 300±30g。
2、 使实施例 2 中获得的微囊化 BCC 悬浮液沉淀, 用浓度为 9g/L 的氯化钠 溶液洗涤 3次, 获得含微嚢化 BCC的氯化钠悬浮液。 将此悬浮液注射入该 1 0只 大鼠的脊髓蛛网膜下, 注射量为每只大鼠 1Χ105Β(Χ:/20 μ 1氯化钠溶液, 结果表明, 所有被注射微嚢化 BCC的大鼠的热痛阔值(用国际通用的抬脚试验和甩尾试验检 测大鼠对急性伤害性热刺激的反应) 明显升高 (较注药前提高 80%- 110% ) , 作 用时间超过 9个月。
实验例 2 : 微嚢化 BCC应用于治疗癌痛病人
将 ΑΡΑ微嚢化 BCC (约 7 X 10δ细胞) 悬浮于 5毫升浓度为 9g/L的氯化钠溶 液中, 以常规的腰推穿刺方法注入必须长期使用止痛药物的癌痛病人的脊髓蛛网 膜下。 共选取 10 名癌痛病人进行注射前后的疼痛评分(VAS 法), 结果表明, 其中 9名病人在移植(即注射微囊化 BCC ) 后的疼痛评分(VAS法) 由 6 - 10级 下降到 0 ~ 2级; 在该 9名病人中的 4名用药的当天即开始停止使用止痛药物, 其他的 5名病人在次日或第 3 日开始停止使用止痛药物。 在未用任何免疫抑制 剂的奈件下, 其中 1名病人的镇痛作用时间已超过 120天, 另 6名病人的镇痛 作用也已超过 70 天。 9 名病人在此期间精神愉快, 食欲增加。 在总共 10 例病 人中只有 1例在植入后仍须使用止痛药物, 但用量减少了 50%。 对所有 10例病 人均未观察到明显的毒副作用。
具体应用例:
( 1 ) 张贵贵, 男, 42岁, 非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
用本药前需用口服止痛药美施康定 60mg/日, 在注射微囊化 BCC 7 X 106个细胞 4小时后停用止痛药, VAS疼痛评分由 8级下降到 0级, 效果现已持续超过 120天。
( 2 ) 刘风英, 女, 45岁, 何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
用本药前需用口服止痛药芬必得 300mg/日,在注射微嚢化 BCC 7.5 X 106个细胞 18小时后停用止痛药, VAS疼痛评分由 6级下降到 0 级, 效果现已持续超过 90天。
( 3 )赵建华, 女, 47岁, 乳腺癌骨转移。
用本药前需用口服止痛药美施康定 60mg/日和芬必得 300mg/日, 在 注射微嚢化 BCC 7 X 106个细胞 24小时后减为仅用芬必得 150mg/日, 3 曰后完全停用止痛药, VAS疼痛评分由 10级下降到 1级, 效果现 已持续超过 80天。
( 4 ) 丁顺香, 女, 56岁, 肺癌骨转移。
用本药前需口服止痛药美施康定 6 Omg/日, 在注射微嚢化 BCC 7 χ 106个细胞 24小时后减为美施康定 30mg/日, 6 日后完全停用止痛 药, VAS疼痛评分由 10级下降到 2级, 效果现已持续超过 80天。
( 5 ) 李香芝, 女, 60岁, 多发性骨肿瘤。
用本药前需用肌肉注射止痛药吗啡 20mg/日, 在注射微囊化 BCC7 X 106个细胞 24小时后减为吗啡 10mg/日, 3日后完全停用止痛药, VAS疼痛评分由 10级下降到 1级, 效果现已持续超过 60天。 对治疗疼痛的效果统计如下:
迄今为止对 22例癌痛病人进行了治疗, 有 21人获得了良好的止痛效果, 总有效率达到 95%。 按一次注射的止痛时间计算, 有 3例的止痛时间达到 300 天以上, 最长达到 570天, 多数能达到 100天以上。
另外, 对 2例顽固性神经痛病人的治疗也获得很好的止痛效果。 工业应用性
本发明的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物的微嚢体积小 (直径 180~5OOum),可用简单方法注入脊髓蛛网膜下腔内, 嚢内细胞能在人体内长期 存活和长期发挥镇痛作用, 不产生刺激和压迫的副作用。 另外, 该微嚢化细胞 药物可以大批量地获得和方便地长距离运输。

Claims

权利要求
1、 用于治疗疼痛的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 其特征在于, 该细胞药物按下列步骤制成:
( 1 )将牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞与一种浓度为 10-20g/L 的藻酸钠溶液混 合, 制成悬浮液, 使每升悬浮液中含 0.1-Ixl0lfl个细胞;
(2 ) 利用喷雾装置将步骤 ( 1 ) 获得的悬浮液以 150- ΙΟΟΟμπι 直径的微 滴状态分散于一种浓度为 80-120mmol/L 的氯化钙或乳酸钙溶液中, 两种液 体的比例为保证每升混合液含 0.1- ΙχΙΟ8个细胞, 放置 5-20 分钟, 待沉淀完 全后除去上清液, 获得含牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的藻酸钙珠沉淀;
( 3 )将步骤 ( 2 ) 获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 0.3-0.7 g/L 的聚赖 氨酸溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 0.2- 2x10s个细胞, 混合均匀, 放置 5- 20分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得沉淀物;
( 4 )将步骤 ( 3 )获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 1.0-2.0 g/L 的藻酸 钠溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 0.2- 2xl08个细胞, 混合均匀, 放 置 3- 15分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得沉淀物;
(5)将步骤 (4)获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 40-70mmol/L 的柠檬 酸钠溶液中, 二者的比例为保证每升液体含 0.2- 2xl08个细胞, 混合均匀, 放置 5-20 分钟, 待沉淀完全后除去上清液, 获得微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬 细胞沉淀物;
(6)将步骤 (5 )获得的沉淀物加入到一种浓度为 9 g/L 的氯化钠溶液 中清洗, 最后将沉淀物转移入细胞培养液中培养并作为治疗疼痛的微嚢化牛 腎上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物保存。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 其特征在于, 其中所述的牛 ' 上腺髓质嗜铬细胞具有 80%以上的纯度。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的微嚢化牛肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞药物, 其特征在于, 在其步骤(2) 中将步骤(1 ) 获得的悬浮液以 180-500μιη直径的微滴状态分 散。
PCT/CN2000/000155 1999-06-16 2000-06-14 Microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell-drug for alleviating pain Ceased WO2000078295A1 (en)

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AU52054/00A AU5205400A (en) 1999-06-16 2000-06-14 Microencapsulated bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell-drug for alleviating pain
US10/017,159 US6645488B2 (en) 1999-06-16 2001-12-14 Microencapsulated pheochromocyte of ox adrenal medulla as medicine for curing pain

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CN100591360C (zh) * 2003-09-16 2010-02-24 薛毅珑 肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞或阿片肽能细胞的新用途
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CA2770499A1 (en) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-17 Geosynfuels, Llc Process for producing high value products from biomass
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