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WO2000067554A1 - Appareil de recolte et de separation - Google Patents

Appareil de recolte et de separation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000067554A1
WO2000067554A1 PCT/GB2000/001635 GB0001635W WO0067554A1 WO 2000067554 A1 WO2000067554 A1 WO 2000067554A1 GB 0001635 W GB0001635 W GB 0001635W WO 0067554 A1 WO0067554 A1 WO 0067554A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concave
crop
rotor
grain
straw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2000/001635
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Cedric Sharpe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pryde Foundation
Original Assignee
Pryde Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pryde Foundation filed Critical Pryde Foundation
Priority to AU45864/00A priority Critical patent/AU4586400A/en
Publication of WO2000067554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000067554A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D67/00—Undercarriages or frames specially adapted for harvesters or mowers; Mechanisms for adjusting the frame; Platforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A01F12/26—Multi-part threshing concaves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the harvesting and separating of crops where the process calls for cutting, (or retrieval of previously cut) crops of a stalk like nature, and the further need to thresh and to separate seed from stalk.
  • the invention relates also to a wheeled undercarriage suitable for use with said harvesting and separating apparatus and which is suitable for multiple uses.
  • the BTG patent teaches of a whole crop harvesting and separating apparatus which has first and second stalk breaking threshing rotors arranged in a ' S' shaped configuration and a plurality of closely spaced together crop engaging bars. Further disclosure regarding that invention is given in Paper no. 87- 5055 as presented to the 1987 summer meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers by A.A. Metianu.
  • a particular disadvantage with the harvester disclosed in BTG and by Metianu is that the first and second rotors provide a very vigorous threshing and separating and the first and second rotors are specifically formed and arranged so as to perform a "stalk breaking process" in the sense of separating a cut stalk into a plurality of discrete portions. It has been found that undertaking the stalk breaking process simultaneously with grain separation process results in such harvester apparatus facing difficulty in subsequent cleaning of the grain into an acceptable quality to farmers by virtue of the added small broken straw content. Moreover such small broken straw portions mixed with the grain fall through between the crop engaging bars creating difficulties in subsequent grain cleaning operations.
  • the BTG design does not employ circumferentially extending and positioned concave wires of the type used in a conventional combine harvester threshing concave. Instead to achieve the desired straw breaking BTG utilizes crop engaging bars which are arranged quite closely, specifically 30mm or less apart .
  • the present invention provides a whole crop harvesting and/or separating apparatus for use with grain or seed bearing crops as hereinbefore defined which apparatus comprises a first rotor and concave and a second rotor and concave ; drive means for driving said first and second rotors in opposite rotational directions to one another; said first and second rotors and said respective concaves being formed and arranged so as to define a substantially "S" shaped path for a crop in use of the apparatus to pass along; said first concave comprising a first threshing portion having a plurality of radially extending crop engaging bars spaced apart in the direction of rotation of the first rotor for threshing of a crop in use of the apparatus; characterised in that a second portion of said first concave following said first threshing portion thereof and said second concave comprises a plurality of spaced apart crop rubbing bars inclined with respect to a radial direction; said radially inclined crop rubbing bars being formed and arranged with said first and second rotor
  • grain or seed bearing crops may be threshed and grain or seed separated from the stalk and the stalk processed through said apparatus in a substantially whole "long" form so as it may be subsequently and finely broken up at a later stage so as to be palatable for livestock consumption or other uses.
  • a straw breaking chamber formed and arranged with a rotor portion for pulverising straw into a form with no sharp or "cut” edges so as to be palatable for animal feedstock.
  • the chamber has an outer wall portion having a plurality of holes formed and arranged so that only straw which is smaller than the size of the hole to pass through.
  • chamber wall portions having differing hole sizes such that different wall portions are used to process different crops or to provide straw of a minimum/maximum length according to a user's requirements.
  • an additional third grain separating chamber comprising a third rotor and corresponding concave.
  • straw may be simply discharged to the ground in a similar way to a conventional combine harvester and baled by a subsequent baling operation.
  • baling facility instead of there being provided a said straw breaking chamber there may be provided a low density baling facility.
  • a baling facility would be of generally known type and construction familiar to those skilled in the art such as a trusser.
  • Desirably straw is fed from the second rotor to the straw breaking chamber along a path lying substantially radially of the straw breaking chamber.
  • the apparatus is provided with a grain conveyor formed and arranged to convey separated grain or seed to a grain or seed bagging location.
  • a further grain separating means formed and arranged to separate grain or seed from any material other than grain (MOG) reaching the grain conveyor means .
  • MOG material other than grain
  • said drive means for said first and second rotors are formed and arranged such that said second rotor rotates approximately 33% faster that said first rotor.
  • said first rotor has a rotational speed of 750 rpm and said second rotor a rotational speed of 1000 rpm.
  • said first and second concaves are provided with concave wires circumferentially extending there around.
  • said concave wires are spaced apart by in the range of from 15 to 30mm, desirably 20 mm.
  • said first portion of said first concave and said radially extending crop engaging bars have a spacing of ° greater than 30mm and are formed and arranged so as to give an aggressive or vigorous threshing of crop in use of the
  • said first portion of said first concave has an angular extend of from 90o to llOo desirably for example lOOo.
  • llOo desirably for example lOOo.
  • the number of concave wires for such a threshing portion will of course depend on the width of the concave though preferably there is provided in the range of from 5 wires per 10cm of width.
  • Preferably said first concave portion is mounted on an eccentric shaft so as to facilitate adjustment of the spacing between the rotor and the concave rub bars . Such an adjustment facility enables use of the apparatus with a variety of different crops.
  • said crop rubbing bars on said second portion of said first concave and around said second concave are formed and arranged merely to convey uncut and unbroken stalk there around and are formed and arranged so as to do so substantially without shearing or cutting, breaking or separating of straw stalk.
  • This performs as a similar grain separation function to that on the straw walkers used on a conventional combine harvester.
  • this rubbing action of the crop rubbing bars on the crop serves to separate further any loose grain held within the broken straw passing around said concaves .
  • said crop rubbing bars have a backward inclination in the range of from 20 to 60o, desirably 40o, to the tangent of the periphery of the concave .
  • said crop rubbing bars have a tip portion for cooperation with said respective rotors which is kinked back or further inclined in the range of from 40 to 80o, preferably 60o to the tangent of the periphery of the concave .
  • said crop rubbing bars are spaced apart radially in the range of from 20 - 30 mm desirably 24mm.
  • said second portion of said first concave and said first and second portions of said second concave are of a substantially identical construction.
  • the present invention relates to a mobile harvesting machine comprising a whole crop harvesting and/or separating apparatus provided with a cutting table; a crop gathering chamber; a crop elevator chamber; threshing and separating apparatus and grain conveying augers of generally known type and construction.
  • said mobile harvesting apparatus according to another aspect of the invention is formed and arranged to be mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor.
  • a chassis means provided with wheels, said chassis means being formed and arranged for connection to a tractor linkage or the like for drawing the harvesting machine across a field or the like.
  • a wheeled undercarriage suitable for use with the harvesting and/or separating apparatus according to a first aspect of the invention which is formed and arranged for releasable connection to a towpoint on a tractor, for example, and provided with means, preferably hydraulic drive means, for raising and lowering said undercarriage with respect to the ground.
  • Such a wheeled undercarriage having built-in hydraulic raising and lowering means is particularly suitable for use in the developing countries where tractors and the like do not have powered three point linkages.
  • a wheeled undercarriage without said harvesting and/or separating apparatus may be used for many other applications, such as, for example, transport of harvested crop or supporting other machinery.
  • - Fig. 1 is a side view of a harvester according to the invention
  • Fig. 2a and b show in detail the first and second concaves of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig.3 shows a side view of a wheeled undercarriage for use with the harvester shown in Fig. 1
  • a whole crop harvesting apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the apparatus is for use with grain or seed bearing crops such as barley and wheat .
  • the apparatus comprises a first rotor 2 and corresponding concave 4 and a second rotor 6 and corresponding concave 8 arranged one above each other .
  • a drive mechanism drives the first 2 and second 6 rotors in opposite rotational directions to one another (as shown by arrows ⁇ A' and *B' respectively) so as to define a generally V S' shaped path for a crop in use of the apparatus 1 to pass along.
  • the first concave 2 comprises a first threshing portion 10 having fifteen radially extending crop engaging bars 12 spaced apart by approximately 32mm in the direction of rotation of the first rotor 2.
  • This first threshing portion 10 and the concave bars 12 provide a vigorous threshing action on the crop in use of the apparatus so as to sever seed or grain at its point of retention to a stalk portion, with the minimum amount of breakage to the straw or stalk.
  • Separated seed is allowed to pass through the open areas of the concave between the concave bars 12 and peripherally extending concave wires 14 - (shown in broken line) .
  • the concave bars 12 and concave wires 14 retain the straw in a substantially unbroken form so that it may continue its path onwards out of the threshing portion 10 of the first concave 4 into the second portion 16 of the first concave 4.
  • the arrangement of the concave bars 12 and wires 14 in the first portion 10 of the first concave 4 provide for the aggressive separation of the seed from the stalk to be confined and achieved as early as possible during passage of the crop through the apparatus in such a way that subsequent action over the remaining concave surfaces 16, 8 is merely to induce already freed seed to fall through the open areas of the concaves 8 while allowing the straw to continue progress around the concave paths with the minimum resistance consistent with adequate separation.
  • unbroken straw exits from the second portion 20 of the second concave 8 and where unbroken stalk is required it may be passed into a baling facility or onto the ground for subsequent picking up and baling.
  • the unbroken straw exits the second portion 20 of the second concave 8 and is introduced into a straw breaking chamber 22 provided with a number of hammer portions 24 mounted on a rotating rotor 26, which hammer portions 24 may be fixed or pivotally connected thereto, so as the straw entering the straw breaking chamber is pulverised by the action of the hammers on the straw.
  • the arrangement of hammers is such that the uncut and unbroken straw is not cut by a shearing action or chopped as in the prior art but instead pulverised and shredded into generally discrete small portions so as to be palatable for animal feed.
  • the mixture of separated grain and MOG which is passed through the concaves is conveyed by two augers, an upper one 28 and a lower one 30 serving each of the rotors 4, 6 respectively.
  • This mixture of grain and MOG is then passed to a chain and paddle type elevator which passes the grain and MOG to a further auger 32 designed to distribute the material it conveys evenly across its length. Material falling from the distribution auger 32 falls through an airstream 34 generated by a variable speed fan 36.
  • This variable speed fan draws air and any airborne MOG from the area around the shaker shoe portion 38 of the apparatus.
  • This shaker shoe arrangement is of generally known type and construction and has an hole size and shape that may be varied to suit the crop in use of the apparatus .
  • a second variable speed fan 40 is provided to generate a stream 42 of air under the shaker shoe arrangement so that it has a separating effect on grain which is of a size capable of passing through the grading sieves.
  • the air flow 42 prevents any lighter MOG which may be of a similar size to the grading sieves to be prevented from entering and passing through the sieves.
  • Cleaned grain which passes through the sieves is directed to a conveying auger 44, under the effect of gravity on an inclined surface 46 and on the reciprocating action of the shaker shoe .
  • Light material such as chaff and any light and short broken straw portions which may have inadvertently been broken during the threshing and conveying stages is subject to the combined effect of the first 36 and second 40 fans and is drawn to the inlet of the first fan 36. Within this fan 36 the centrifugal action causes any such material to be concentrated peripherally. This material is then directed (indicated by arrow-C) under the action of the fan to the straw breaking chamber 22 where it may be processed together with unbroken straw and any excess air is exhausted (indicated by arrow ' D' in Fig. 1) .
  • the harvester shown in Fig. 1 is designed as a mobile harvester to be drawn by a tractor.
  • the harvester is mounted 49 on a wheeled undercarriage 50 (see also Fig. 3) and the harvester is provided with an offset cutting table 52 the crop side of the harvester 1.
  • the cutting table 52 is provided with a safety "break free" facility in the event of the cutting table meeting an obstruction.
  • a point 54 at the rear innermost vertical side of the cutting table the table is maintained in its working position by virtue of a shear bolt arrangement at the front innermost vertical side attaching it to a mating arrangement on the harvester.
  • This feature also enables the table to be opened by hinging, in addition to unbolting and removing in the event of their being a requirement to gain access to the crop elevating system.
  • the wheeled undercarriage 50 shown in Fig. 3 is designed to be fixed 49 by a drawbar 56 to a tractor (not shown) .
  • the arrangement is such that it allows the harvester to be used on tractors with or without a hydraulic lift facility and there is provided a hand operated hydraulic power pack 58 for raising or lowering wheels between a raised transport position and a lowered operational/cutting position.
  • the wheeled undercarriage 50 allows for the harvester to be carried at a cutting height down to approximately 50mm and in its transport position at a height sufficient to give adequate ground clearance in the region of 350mm.
  • the variation in height is achieved by the use of a hydraulic ram or rams 62 acting on a lever system attached to a pivoting axle 64 at the rear of the undercarriage 50.
  • the wheels 60 are attached to the axle 64 in a counter lever configuration such that the desired range and movement can be achieved. Hydraulic power may be taken from a suitably equipped tractor or, as shown in Fig. 3, from the separate hand operated
  • This is achieved by an adjustable top link 66 which allows the harvester to pivot on two lower linkage attachment points 68 on the undercarriage frame. This feature allows the folding of the cutting table through 18Oo.
  • the top link adjustment 66 is used to tilt the harvester with respect to the undercarriage to provide clearance while it passes over the right hand wheel 60. The harvester 1 may then be tilted back in the reverse direction to rest between the wheels. This facility allows the harvester to be transported in a position of reduced overall width.
  • the undercarriage While in this position provision is made to attach a linkage between the wheels and the undercarriage frame to provide a fail-safe measure in the event of failure of the hydraulic system.
  • the undercarriage also provides a rear towbar point 70 for drawing a trailer to collect and transport separated grain and processed straw.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (1) servant à récolter et/ou à séparer une céréale entière, s'utilisant avec des récoltes à grains ou graines telles que le blé, l'orge, les légumineuses, etc. L'appareil comprend un premier rotor (2) et un premier contre-batteur (4), ainsi qu'un second rotor (6) et un second contre-batteur (8), disposés de manière à définir une trajectoire sensiblement en forme de S, destinée au passage des céréales lors de l'utilisation de l'appareil. Le premier (2) et le second (6) rotor sont entraînés dans des directions de rotation opposées. Le premier contre-batteur (4) comprend une première section de battage (10) pourvue de plusieurs barres (12) en contact avec les céréales, s'étendant radialement, séparées dans la direction de rotation du premier rotor (2), et servant au battage énergique des céréales lorsque l'appareil est en fonctionnement. La seconde section (16) du premier contre-batteur (4) et du second contre-batteur (8) comprend plusieurs barres de frottement (18) de céréales, séparées et inclinées en direction radiale. Ces barres de frottement (18) de céréales sont formées et disposées par rapport au premier (2) et au second (6) rotor, de manière à transporter la tige d'une céréale, lors de l'utilisation de l'appareil, le long de la trajectoire en forme de S, ne cassant sensiblement pas la tige. Un maximum de pailles 'longues' passent ainsi autour du contre-batteur sans être coupées. L'appareil peut également comprendre une chambre (22) à couper la paille, ou presse à fourrage, destinée au traitement ultérieur de la paille sortant du second contre-batteur. L'invention concerne en outre un train de roulement à roues à utilisations multiples, équipé d'organes d'élévation et d'abaissement intégrés à entraînement hydraulique.
PCT/GB2000/001635 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Appareil de recolte et de separation Ceased WO2000067554A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45864/00A AU4586400A (en) 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Harvesting and separating apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9910334.3 1999-05-06
GB9910334A GB2335837B (en) 1999-05-06 1999-05-06 Harvesting and separating appartatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000067554A1 true WO2000067554A1 (fr) 2000-11-16

Family

ID=10852810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/001635 Ceased WO2000067554A1 (fr) 1999-05-06 2000-04-27 Appareil de recolte et de separation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1239067C (fr)
AU (1) AU4586400A (fr)
GB (2) GB2335837B (fr)
TR (1) TR200103486T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000067554A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10028778A1 (de) * 2000-06-15 2002-01-31 Claas Selbstfahr Erntemasch Abscheidevorrichtung bei Mähdreschern
CN101376607B (zh) * 2008-10-07 2012-06-27 江阴市联业生物科技有限公司 全液压肥料翻抛机
US8133101B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2012-03-13 Agco Corporation Concave adjustment mechanism
US8133100B2 (en) 2009-12-18 2012-03-13 Agco Corporation Combine harvester processing system having adjustable concaves on a suspension system
US10225988B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2019-03-12 Cnh Industrial America Llc Agricultural elevator supplied by multiple cross augers
KR101927790B1 (ko) 2016-10-14 2018-12-17 대한민국 종자 날개 탈리 장치
EP3510856B1 (fr) * 2018-01-15 2020-04-22 Arnold Jäger Holding GmbH Unité d'entraînement pour un élévateur de grains et installation d'élévateur de grains

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB364305A (en) * 1930-05-19 1932-01-07 Wilhelm Schulze Improvements in threshing machines
FR811863A (fr) * 1936-10-15 1937-04-24 Esch Werke Kom Ges Maschinenfa Procédé et appareil à battre les céréales
CH219065A (de) * 1939-09-29 1942-01-31 Heinrich Lanz Ag Dreschmaschine mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Dreschvorrichtungen.
FR1226283A (fr) 1958-06-06 1960-07-11 Massey Ferguson Great Britain Mécanisme de battage, notamment pour moissonneuse-batteuse
GB2160753A (en) 1984-06-20 1986-01-02 Nat Res Dev Whole crop harvesting or separating apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4606355A (en) * 1984-03-17 1986-08-19 Claas Ohg Harvester thresher
DE3511099A1 (de) * 1985-03-27 1986-10-09 Claas Saulgau GmbH, 7968 Saulgau Ueber eine zugdeichsel an einen schlepper anhaengbare landwirtschaftliche maschine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB364305A (en) * 1930-05-19 1932-01-07 Wilhelm Schulze Improvements in threshing machines
FR811863A (fr) * 1936-10-15 1937-04-24 Esch Werke Kom Ges Maschinenfa Procédé et appareil à battre les céréales
CH219065A (de) * 1939-09-29 1942-01-31 Heinrich Lanz Ag Dreschmaschine mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Dreschvorrichtungen.
FR1226283A (fr) 1958-06-06 1960-07-11 Massey Ferguson Great Britain Mécanisme de battage, notamment pour moissonneuse-batteuse
GB2160753A (en) 1984-06-20 1986-01-02 Nat Res Dev Whole crop harvesting or separating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9910334D0 (en) 1999-06-30
GB2341074B (en) 2000-05-03
CN1239067C (zh) 2006-02-01
AU4586400A (en) 2000-11-21
CN1371242A (zh) 2002-09-25
GB2335837A (en) 1999-10-06
GB2335837B (en) 2000-03-29
GB9917968D0 (en) 1999-09-29
GB2341074A (en) 2000-03-08
TR200103486T2 (tr) 2002-03-21

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