WO2000067192A1 - Instruments commerciaux et leurs procedes de generation - Google Patents
Instruments commerciaux et leurs procedes de generation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000067192A1 WO2000067192A1 PCT/AU2000/000398 AU0000398W WO0067192A1 WO 2000067192 A1 WO2000067192 A1 WO 2000067192A1 AU 0000398 W AU0000398 W AU 0000398W WO 0067192 A1 WO0067192 A1 WO 0067192A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data
- commercial
- pattern
- instmment
- paragraph
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to commercial instruments, and more particularly to series of commercial instruments having customised or personalised appearances.
- the invention has been developed primarily for use as with tickets, vouchers, coupons or the like, or their electronic equivalents, and will be described hereinafter with reference to these applications. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this field of use.
- the present invention in its va ⁇ ous embodiments, takes advantage of the human capacity to quickly, and with a relatively high degree of accuracy, recognise a pattern that may impinge upon the sensory inputs of a person required to authenticate the commercial instrument in question
- This is to be contrasted with computerised or automated arrangements for authentication which, although able to recognise patterns to varying degrees of accuracy, are constrained in their use by equipment cost and to limited, if any, modification of the instrument to be authenticated
- Automated authentication arrangements may however be used in concert with (or to supplement) embodiments of the present invention
- a method for generating a se ⁇ es of commercial instruments the method including the steps of
- the incorporation of the pattern involves the p ⁇ nting or rendering of a visually recognisable pattern to form a p ⁇ nted commercial instrument
- the first data and further data includes one or more data types selected from among the following, text, image, logos, maps, texture maps, symbols, barcode, typefaces, and photographic imagery
- the predetermined rules may include format and layout instruments as well as pattern generating instructions
- the commercial instrument may be formed by an audibly recognisable pattern incorporating the data unique to the instrument concerned
- the pattern in such an application may include the voice of a human person reciting the data applicable to the specific instrument
- Fig 1 is a plan view of a partially pre-p ⁇ nted substrate for use m generating a commercial instrument according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Fig 2 shows data for use with the substrate of Fig 1 in producing the embodiment shown in Fig 1
- Fig 3 is a plan view of a commercial instrument generated using the substrate of
- FIG 4 is a flow chart showing a method of generating a series of commercial instruments according to the preferred embodiment
- Figs 5 to 7 are plan views of various alternative embodiments of commercial instruments
- Fig 8 is a schematic representation of a computer system with which embodiments of the present invention may be produced
- Fig 9 is a flow chart of a further embodiment
- a partially pre-p ⁇ nted substrate 100 for use in generating a commercial instrument to one embodiment of the invention Whilst pre- p ⁇ nting of the substrate 100 may be desirable in some applications, it is not essential for implementing the invention In the present case, the pre-pnntmg is limited to an image of a fish 102 in the top left hand corner 104 of the pre-p ⁇ nted substrate 100 It will be appreciated that other forms of p ⁇ nting can also be used, including background imagery, motifs, logos, symbols, feint water marks and the like, all of which can add further to the secu ⁇ ty of the final product In the embodiment shown, the pre-p ⁇ nted substrate 100 takes the form of a gift voucher 300 for use in a tropical fish shop ("Bill Hookem Fish Shop")
- first data 200 in the form of personal details of the intended recipient of the gift voucher 300 are shown
- the personal details include the person's name 302 (Karen M Home) and address 304 (66 Bicycle Street, NSW 2043)
- the first data 200 is manipulated in accordance with predetermined rules to generate an overall pattern which is visually recognisable to an average human eye
- name data 302 of the first data 200 appears represented according to a first pattern on the left hand side 306 of the laminar substrate 100
- the words "Bill Hookem Fish Shop” appear on the right hand side 308 represented also according to the first pattern
- the data 302 has been manipulated into a pattern formed by a se ⁇ es of interlocking sinuate lines of text 310, the name data 302 being displaced ho ⁇ zontally with each subsequent line
- the address data 304 of the first data 200 is seen to have been manipulated according to a second pattern to form a chain link pattern 312 extending vertically across the laminar substrate 100
- the personal details include the person'
- the gift voucher 300 also includes an oval-shaped image 320 of the recipient It will be appreciated that in many cases such an image will not be required, particularly where it is difficult for the purchaser to obtain an image of the person for whom the voucher is purchased
- Further gift vouchers generated in the same se ⁇ es (not illustrated) for Bill Hookem Fish Shop include the same patterns generated using the specific name and address details provided by further purchasers (e g Bill Bloggs instead of Karen Home)
- the o ⁇ ginal gift voucher 300 and subsequently produced gift vouchers together form a set, which has as its linking feature particular visually recognisable patterns such as the sinuate lines of text 210 and the chain link pattern 212
- the personal data 200 upon which the patterns are based will vary
- the situation may a ⁇ se that more than one voucher is purchased for one recipient
- the set includes a plurality of vouchers for the same commercial purpose (in this case a $ 10 gift voucher at a particular shop) customised for the individual purchasing them or for whom they are purchased
- the shop or location associated with the issuing of the vouchers 300 does so with knowledge of the patterns to be imparted thereon, those patterns including the overall layout of the voucher 300, the positioning of individual vidual components thereon, as well as the specific patterns used to present the patterned text as seen
- shop assistants in this case at Bill Hookem Fish Shop, are in a position to, upon visual inspection of the vouchers 300, determine their authenticity and honor them as the case requires.
- the advantage of the issuing authority lies in being able to modify the rules used to produce the various patterns, thus ensuring the series of vouchers are uniquely identifiable from other vouchers produced by the same issuing authority (the Bill Hookem Fish Shop) or someone else.
- the arrangement facilitates the authority printing its own vouchers which may be of differing monetary or temporal value, for example to the effect that "THIS VOUCHER ENTITLES (NAME) TO A 10% DISCOUNT FOR ALL GOODS PURCHASED BEFORE 03 MAY 1999".
- Fig. 4 there is shown a flow chart illustrating a basic method 400 of implementing an embodiment of the invention.
- the method 400 starts at step 402 and then initial data is supplied in step 404.
- the data supplied in step 400 can be of any suitable type, and will usually be associated with either a transaction that the commercial instrument represents, or one or more of the parties to the commercial transaction.
- the data is then manipulated in step 406 on the basis of rules 408 that relate to visual manipulations applied to the data supplied in step 404.
- the rules can include such things as expressions for producing geometric paths or mathematical descriptions of such geometric paths.
- the data is manipulated in accordance with the rules 408 to generate a pattern that is visually recognisable to the human eye. It will be appreciated that the readability may be lessened, and perhaps greatly so, by certain types of data manipulation falling within the scope of the present invention. However, it is at least desirable that the data manipulation result in manipulated data that is still readable to some extent.
- step 410 storage means
- step 412 printed (step 412) onto a substrate for immediate use.
- Such printing can take place using a standard printer, such as a laser or ink-jet printer.
- the manipulated data can optionally be transmitted to another computer, where printing or storage can take place.
- the commercial instrument generated on the basis of the data can be data can be rendered to a video display screen (step 414), where it can be viewed. Subsequent commercial instruments in a particular series will share visually recognisable patterns generated as a result of manipulation of the data.
- the manipulated data can be transmitted to a remote point for storage, rendering to a video display or printing.
- the remote point can, for example, take the form of a computer, passive terminal or printer, the data being transmitted by telephone line or a data communication network such as a LAN, WAN or the Internet.
- the method of Fig. 4 is preferably practised using a conventional general- purpose computer system 800, such as that shown in Fig. 8 wherein the method steps may be implemented a software, such as an application program executing within the computer system 800.
- the steps of method are effected by instructions in the software that are carried out by the computer.
- the software may be divided into two separate parts; one part for carrying out the methods of the particular embodiment, and another part to manage the user interface between the latter and the user.
- the software may be stored in a computer readable medium, including the storage devices described below, for example.
- the software is loaded into the computer from the computer readable medium, and then executed by the computer.
- a computer readable medium having such software or computer program recorded on it is a computer program product.
- the use of the computer program product in the computer preferably effects an advantageous apparatus for creating a commercial instrument in accordance with the embodiments of the invention.
- the computer system 800 comprises a computer module 801, input devices such as a keyboard 802 and mouse 803, output devices including a printer 815 and a display device 814.
- a Modulator-Demodulator (Modem) transceiver device 816 is used by the computer module 801 for communicating to and from a communications network 820, for example connectable via a telephone line 821 or other functional medium.
- the modem 816 can be used to obtain access to the Internet, and other network systems, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN).
- LAN Local Area Network
- WAN Wide Area Network
- the computer module 801 typically includes at least one processor unit 805, a memory unit 806, for example formed from semiconductor random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM), input/output (I/O) interfaces including a video interface 807, and an I/O interface 813 for the keyboard 802 and mouse 803 and optionally a joystick (not illustrated), and an interface 808 for the modem 816.
- a storage device 809 is provided and typically includes a hard disk drive 810 and a floppy disk drive 811. A magnetic tape drive (not illustrated) may also be used.
- a CD-ROM drive 812 is typically provided as a non-volatile source of data.
- the components 805 to 813 of the computer module 801 typically communicate via an interconnected bus 804 and in a manner which results in a conventional mode of operation of the computer system 800 known to those in the relevant art.
- Examples of computers on which the embodiments can be practised include LBM-PC's and compatibles, Sun Sparcstations or alike computer systems evolved therefrom.
- the application program of the preferred embodiment is resident on the hard disk drive 810 and read and controlled in its execution by the processor 805. Intermediate storage of the program and any data fetched from the network 820 may be accomplished using the semiconductor memory 806, possibly in concert with the hard disk drive 810. In some instances, the application program may be supplied to the user encoded on a CD-ROM or floppy disk and read via the corresponding drive 812 or 811 , or alternatively may be read by the user from the network 820 via the modem device 816.
- the software can also be loaded into the computer system 800 from other computer readable medium including magnetic tape, a ROM or integrated circuit, a magneto-optical disk, a radio or infra-red transmission channel between the computer module 801 and another device, a computer readable card such as a PCMCIA card, and the Internet and Intranets including email transmissions and information recorded on websites and the like.
- computer readable medium including magnetic tape, a ROM or integrated circuit, a magneto-optical disk, a radio or infra-red transmission channel between the computer module 801 and another device, a computer readable card such as a PCMCIA card, and the Internet and Intranets including email transmissions and information recorded on websites and the like.
- the method of Fig 4 may alternatively be implemented in dedicated hardware such as one or more integrated circuits performing the functions or sub functions of the method
- dedicated hardware may include graphic processors, digital signal processors, or one or more microprocessors and associated memo ⁇ es
- the computer system 800 may be operated by the issuing autho ⁇ ty
- commercial instruments may be generated directly based upon predetermined mles stored with the system 800
- the system 800 may be configured as an Internet server so that a user who may access the system 800 via the network 820 may generate their own instrument which may be p ⁇ nted at the user's remote location
- the user wishes to purchase or reserve goods available from the autho ⁇ ty operating the system 800 so that the instrument p ⁇ nted at the user's location represents a ve ⁇ fiable receipt for the
- manipulation of the data can take place by either treating the data as a collection of components, such as splines or curve segments for text, or as an image
- data provided in the form of, say, text can be converted to sub-components or even to an image format pnor to manipulation
- the types of manipulation which can be applied to components and subcomponents of the data include position (absolute and relative to adjacent components), orientation (absolute and relative to adjacent components), size, colours, and motion (for animated data)
- Each manipulation can be considered a substitution of one component for another
- a new component can be generated by applying a filter or other operation to the o ⁇ ginal component
- Such operations can include va ⁇ ous distortions to the shape of the component, changing the distribution or colours, merging images, and other manipulations currently found in image editing software
- a new component can also be selected from a repository of images
- An example of the latter would be the replacement of a local autho ⁇ ty "coat of arms" image, based on the postcode of one of the parties noted m the instrument
- Other examples include the replacement of an astrological star sign image based upon the date of birth of one of the parties to the commercial instrument, or the replacement of any image based on a party having a given name
- the nature of the operation or selection is defined by the predetermined mles desc ⁇ bed above It will also be appreciated that the manipulation applied to the first data can be recursive in nature
- Parts of each component may themselves be treated as components, down to the level of a bit, pixel, vector, spline, curve segment or any other rudimentary component
- An example of this is the treatment of text elements, in which a section of text, a character, or even a part of a character can be treated as an image component
- Manipulations can include modification to the position, o ⁇ entation, size and colour of individual characters
- Substitute components can be taken from predetermined collections of images (known as "character sets ' )
- Another example of this replacement is the replacement of a specific character with a trademark
- Components can also be combined to form larger recognisable components
- text patterns can be used to draw pictures, or small images can be used to outline a larger symbol or text element
- Any component can have parts that are manipulated in a manner that enables recognition or authentication of the instmment by a user
- Rudimentary image components such as pixels, curve segments, or vector elements grouped by proximity, colour or in other ways can be selected and treated as image components
- groupings can include recognisable shapes
- the elliptical sections within the characters 6, 8, 9 and 0 can be replaced with trademarks or other images
- Blocks of solid colour withm trademarks and logos for example, can be replaced with data in the form of text patterns generated by the manipulations desc ⁇ bed above
- Parts of the components can be selected arbitra ⁇ ly for manipulation Such selections can be used to make watermarks, "jigsaw puzzles", mosaics and other recognisable patterns within the components
- Components can also be manipulated for the purpose of changing the instrument so that properties of the instmment as a whole can be used for authentication Such properties include the ratio of white to non-white areas, the number of discrete image components greater than a certain size, or other properties recognisable by a human user
- a further embodiment 900 seen in Fig 9 creates an image by se ⁇ ally combining a se ⁇ es of image components
- Step 902 involves collecting data for new image components or a new image manipulation This data is provided to the software for each image component
- Step 904 involves converting text components to images Should the source data of (a) be text, m this embodiment the following data will also have been provided at the data collection step 902
- the approp ⁇ ately o ⁇ ented character is copied from the character set bit map desc ⁇ bed in (g)
- the portion of the character set bit map to be copied is determined from the o ⁇ entation digit, the ASCII code for the character, and the character's dimensions desc ⁇ bed in (h)
- Alternate configurations may use "path fitting" and other more sophisticated algo ⁇ thms currently seen in vector-based drawing programs (e g Corel Draw)
- Step 906 performs manipulations and/or places the new component m image
- the image component is combined with the existing image
- several big-wise operations can be used when combining the images
- Step 908 serves the completed image.
- the completed image is served as a bit map which may be printed and or displayed.
- the bit map may alternatively be encoded upon a portable memory means (e.g. PCMCIA card), as an "electronic ticket".
- Figs. 5 to 7 show further exemplary embodiments of the invention.
- Fig. 5 shows a prepaid envelope 500 for mailing to a particular address (PO Box 178, NSW 2088, Australia).
- the "mail to" address is reproduced along the right hand side 502 of the envelope 500, whilst the purchaser to which the envelope has been issued is reproduced in an interlocking "U"-shaped pattern 504.
- Fig. 6 shows a membership card 600 for an organisation named "KIDS 'R' US".
- the name (SMD Young), membership number (A1043) and expiry date (060699) of the particular member are reproduced in multiple rows of sinuate lines 602 on the card 600.
- each respective sinuate line is also horizontally displaced from the one above it by a single character, such that an "inverse" hand 604 placed vertically through the centre of the sinuate lines results in the membership number and name being reproduced.
- a barcode 606 to enable easier identification of the card by a suitable barcode reader where available.
- FIG. 7 shows an admission ticket 700 to a venue known as "Chunky Moves" on the date 06/06/99.
- the name (Ashley Trotter) and driver's licence number of the purchaser are manipulated into a plurality of horizontally extending simuate lines 702.
- the commercial instmment is provided in a form that is sensorially recognisable in some form other than an image.
- An example of such a form is an audible commercial instmment.
- the data components may be annunciated by spoken words, or in some other form for example sung or recited in a poetic style.
- the style of voice and its method of presentation form the pattern applied to the data necessary to make the instmment sensorially recognisable to an informed person.
- the above described printed voucher 300 may be formed as an audible voucher, where the voucher details are recited in a voice or style recognisable by staff at Bill Hookem Fish Shop. This may involve reciting the details in a famous voice such as that of Winston Churchill. Another series of vouchers (e.g. having a value of $20) could be recited in the voice of John F Kennedy. Other forms may include the simple recitation of the details in any voice, accompanied by music that is easily recognisable but not readily replicable.
- the audible instrument may be formed within the computer system 800 when supplemented with appropriate facilities (not illustrated).
- the instrument may be realised in a cassette tape recording or a memory card recording of the audible instrument.
- each commercial instmment is a series thereof can contain unique information in a relatively difficult to emulate form, whilst providing sufficient pattern similarity that the instmments can be visually confirmed as being at least prima facie genuine.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU40935/00A AU4093500A (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-05-02 | Commercial intruments and method of generation thereof |
| GB0126192A GB2364274A (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-05-02 | Commercial instruments and method of generation thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPQ0095A AUPQ009599A0 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 1999-05-03 | Commercial instruments and method of generation thereof |
| AUPQ0095 | 1999-05-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000067192A1 true WO2000067192A1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 |
Family
ID=3814301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2000/000398 Ceased WO2000067192A1 (fr) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-05-02 | Instruments commerciaux et leurs procedes de generation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AUPQ009599A0 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2364274A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000067192A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003006257A1 (fr) | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-23 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne | Images incorporant des microstructures |
| WO2004063993A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-29 | Elca Informatique S.A. | Outil publicitaire imprime et procede de generation de cet outil |
| DE102006029798A1 (de) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Mühlbauer Ag | Personalisierungsverfahren zur Erzeugung eines wellenförmig ausgebildeten Schriftzeichenbildes und personalisiertes Sicherheitsdokument |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4667088A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-05-19 | Kramer Kane N | Portable data processing and storage system |
| AU6185090A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-03 | Dainippon Printing Co. Ltd. | System for issuing id cards |
| EP0432617A2 (fr) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH | Carte d'identité avec deux groupes de données |
| FR2738185A1 (fr) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-07 | Imprimerie Speciale De Banque | Procede de realisation d'un motif graphique de securite et motif graphique de securite obtenu par ce procede |
| EP0805409A2 (fr) * | 1994-03-21 | 1997-11-05 | I.D. Tec, S.L. | Procédé biométrique de sécurité et d'authentification de cartes d'identité et de crédit, de visas, de passeports et de reconnaissance faciale |
| WO1998035332A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-13 | Lulirama International, Inc. | Systeme interactif de lecture de cartes |
| US5841886A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1998-11-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Security system for photographic identification |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5410642A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1995-04-25 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | ID card issuing system |
-
1999
- 1999-05-03 AU AUPQ0095A patent/AUPQ009599A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-05-02 WO PCT/AU2000/000398 patent/WO2000067192A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-02 GB GB0126192A patent/GB2364274A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4667088A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-05-19 | Kramer Kane N | Portable data processing and storage system |
| AU6185090A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-03 | Dainippon Printing Co. Ltd. | System for issuing id cards |
| EP0432617A2 (fr) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-06-19 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH | Carte d'identité avec deux groupes de données |
| US5841886A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1998-11-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Security system for photographic identification |
| EP0805409A2 (fr) * | 1994-03-21 | 1997-11-05 | I.D. Tec, S.L. | Procédé biométrique de sécurité et d'authentification de cartes d'identité et de crédit, de visas, de passeports et de reconnaissance faciale |
| FR2738185A1 (fr) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-07 | Imprimerie Speciale De Banque | Procede de realisation d'un motif graphique de securite et motif graphique de securite obtenu par ce procede |
| WO1998035332A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-13 | Lulirama International, Inc. | Systeme interactif de lecture de cartes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003006257A1 (fr) | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-23 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne | Images incorporant des microstructures |
| WO2004063993A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-29 | Elca Informatique S.A. | Outil publicitaire imprime et procede de generation de cet outil |
| DE102006029798A1 (de) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Mühlbauer Ag | Personalisierungsverfahren zur Erzeugung eines wellenförmig ausgebildeten Schriftzeichenbildes und personalisiertes Sicherheitsdokument |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2364274A (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| AUPQ009599A0 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| GB0126192D0 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
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