WO2000066853A1 - Procede pour solidariser et impermeabiliser les tuiles - Google Patents
Procede pour solidariser et impermeabiliser les tuiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000066853A1 WO2000066853A1 PCT/AU2000/000376 AU0000376W WO0066853A1 WO 2000066853 A1 WO2000066853 A1 WO 2000066853A1 AU 0000376 W AU0000376 W AU 0000376W WO 0066853 A1 WO0066853 A1 WO 0066853A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- batten
- tile
- weather strip
- roof
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/36—Devices for sealing the spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
- E04D1/365—Sealing strips between lateral sides of roof-covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
- E04D12/004—Battens
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
- E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
- E04D2001/3414—Metal strips or sheet metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
- E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
- E04D2001/3432—Strips covering the gap between the roof covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
- E04D2001/3452—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means
- E04D2001/3458—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means on the upper or lower transverse edges of the roof covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
- E04D2001/347—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern
- E04D2001/3473—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern fastening single roof elements to the roof structure with or without indirect clamping of neighbouring roof covering elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the securing and weatherproofing of tiles, more preferably flat shingles or tiles, to a roof structure.
- tiles more preferably flat shingles or tiles
- the invention will in part be described in relation to flat type tiles but it should be appreciated that the invention is not so limited.
- tile used herein shall be taken to mean a roof tile or a slate or timber or other material shingle or any similar roofing material.
- Australian Patent No. 672286 discloses a tile roofing system in which spaced apart parallel joining strips extend between a pair of adjacent battens and wherein each shingle or tile is supported along its opposite margins by a pair of adjacent said strips.
- locking means are provided integrally with a strip for securing the lower end portion of a respective tile against lifting. These strips are known in the art as "weather strips and prevent moisture, dust etc. from passing between tiles and into the roof space.
- two forms of the integral locking means are disclosed.
- integral tabs are provided at the lower end of each weather strip and are bent over a lower edge of a respective tile or shingle.
- each weather strip has an upstanding hook generally centrally positioned therein, and this hook projects upwardly to engage the lower end of a shingle or tile in the next uppermost row from the weather strip to prevent lifting of that shingle or tile.
- GB Patent Application No. 2160559 shows a weather strip having an upstanding hook like member which engages the lower end of a shingle or tile in the next uppermost shingle or tile row from the weather strip.
- the arrangement in GB 2160559 is virtually identical to the arrangement disclosed in the Australian Patent No. 672286.
- DE 800784 discloses a weather strip which extends between upper and lower battens, and a lower end of the weather strip is provided with tabs which engage with a lower end portion of the respective tile.
- the various tab and hook type arrangements are provided to restrain the lower end of a respective tile to prevent its upward lift, for instance, from strong wind conditions etc.
- DE 151738 discloses an arrangement where a type of fastening hook is nailed to an upper batten, and prongs or arms thereof are bent over the top part of a respective pair of adjacent tiles.
- the arrangements described in DE 151738, however, are peculiar to the curved type tiles employed therein.
- the present invention in a first aspect provides a retention means for securing a tile to a roof structure in which the tile extends at least between an upper and a lower batten, the retention means including: a first portion adapted to be mounted to the lower batten of the roof structure, a second portion for engaging the tile and being adapted for at least preventing downward movement of the tile under gravity, and an elongate strip portion between the first portion and the second portion, characterised by the first portion including a hook portion adapted to be engage the lower batten.
- the second portion is adapted for securing the tile against lifting.
- the second portion may include an upstanding web against which a lower end of the tile abuts and is supported in use.
- the second portion may be further adapted for receiving and retaining tiles of different thicknesses by means of a substantially U - shaped clip portion at the 5 second end adapted so that the lower edge of the tile is received in the U - shape and a portion of the U - shape of the clip bears down on the upper surface of the tile in a resilient manner.
- a clip portion may be adapted to receive tiles of from 3 mm to 12 mm in thickness.
- the hook may have a recess between opposing parts of the hook, so that when o the retention means is being mounted onto a lower batten an upper portion of the batten is engaged in the recess.
- the elongate strip portion between the first portion and the second portion may include an elongate central rib or ridge to provide rigidity or alternatively the elongate strip portion between the first portion and the second portion may include i 5 upturned longitudinal edges to provide rigidity.
- the invention may be said to reside in a weather strip adapted to support roof tiles and to extend between adjacent roof battens and to be supported thereby, each weather strip having a length such that in use its lower end portion projects beyond the lower one of the adjacent battens, whereby each 20 tile is supported along its opposite margins by adjacent weather strips with the upper surface of each said strip being in contact with and supporting adjacent marginal edge portions of adjacent tiles positioned in edge-to-edge relationship, wherein the weather strip includes at least two longitudinal strips of sealant means in use adapted to seal under the respective side edges of adjacent tiles.
- a central sealing broad strip upon which in use the edges of adjacent tiles rest.
- a pair of longitudinal side sealing strips may extend down substantially the length of the weather strip and be joined by an arcuate portion at the upper end of the weather strip. In use with the edge of a tile supported by the weather strip the sealing strips engage the underside of the weather strip
- the weather strip may include including longitudinally extending grooves formed in its upper surface to assist the shedding of water therefrom.
- the grooves may be positioned between the central sealing strip and the side sealing strips.
- the weather may include engagement means adapted to engage with the lower one of the adjacent battens wherein the engagement means comprises a locating slot adjacent to an underside surface of the weather strip near to and opening in the direction of its lower end an upper flange of the lower one of the adjacent battens 1 o being received into the locating slot in use.
- a downwardly depending tab at the upper end of the weather strip, the tab engaging into a corrugation, preferably the uppermost of the corrugations, of a lower flange of a support batten in use and downwardly depending side flanges on the weather strip, the side flanges being slightly angled i 5 outwards to allow for stacking of weather strips.
- the invention may be said to reside in a roof batten adapted to support roofing tiles, the batten being generally Z - shaped in cross section, wherein the batten has an upstanding web, an upper flange extending to one side of said web, and a lower flange extending to the other side of said web, the 20 flanges being substantially parallel, and wherein the batten is adapted to be fastened to a roof support structure by a fastener through the lower flange.
- the lower flange may be longitudinally corrugated and terminate in an upturned lip.
- the uppermost corrugation of the lower flange may be adapted to receive a tab extending from a weather strip in use.
- the roof batten according to this invention may be manufactured from rolled sheet steel.
- the invention may be said to reside in a n improved fixing system for securing roof tiles to a roof structure
- a n improved fixing system for securing roof tiles to a roof structure comprising a plurality of elongate support battens arranged to be secured to the roof structure in spaced apart parallel relationship for supporting rows of tiles with each said tile having an upper end portion supported by or adjacent one support batten and a lower end portion supported by an adjacent lower batten, said lower end portion overlapping the upper end portion of an adjacent lower tile, a plurality of spaced apart parallel weather strips each extending between a pair of adjacent said battens and supported thereby, each said strip having a length such that its lower end portion projects beyond the lower one of the adjacent battens, wherein each tile is supported along its opposite margins by adjacent weather strips with the upper surface of each weather strip being in contact with and supporting adjacent marginal edge portions of adjacent tiles positioned in edge-to-edge relationship, and a retention means for securing each tile to a roof structure, the retention means including a first portion
- the retention clip according to this invention may be constructed from any convenient material.
- the material may be sheet steel such as galvanised steel or pre-painted steel or it may be stainless steel, aluminium or copper.
- the retention clip may be constructed partially or wholly from wire.
- the weather strip may be formed from sheet metal such as pre-painted steel, galvanised steel or aluminium.
- Figure I shows a roof structure according one embodiment of the invention with tiles shown in dotted lines to enable views of the underlying structure;
- Figure 2 shows a side cross sectional view of a roof structure of the type shown in Fig 1 ;
- Figure 3A to D shows various views of an embodiment of a weather strip
- Figure 4 shows one embodiment of the retention clip
- Figure 5 shows the mounting of the retention clip to a roof support batten
- Figure 6 shows in cross sectional view the mounting of the retention clip to a roof support batten
- Figure 7 a cross sectional view of a roof support batten
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of retention clip according to this invention.
- FIG. 9 shows a still further alternative embodiment of retention clip according to this invention.
- the roof structure comprises battens 10 mounted to rafters 12 with tiles 14 supported by the battens. Between and underneath adjacent tiles in each row of tiles there are weather strips 16 and under each tile 14 there are retention clips 17 which fasten to a batten 10 hold the lower edge of each tile 14. Each tile 14 overlaps the next tile lower down the roof structure.
- the roof support batten is a Z - shaped batten comprising an upstanding web 20 with an upper flange 22 extending from the upper end of the web 20 and a lower flange 24 extending from the lower end of the web 20.
- the upper flanges and lower flanges extend in opposite directions but are substantially parallel.
- the lower flange has longitudinal corrugations and terminates in an upwardly turned lip 28.
- the upper end of the weather strip 16 is supported at its upper end 17 on the lower flange 24 of the Z - shaped batten.
- the lower end of the weather strip 16 is supported on the upper flange 22 of the adjacent batten 10.
- Figures 3A to 3D show various views of one embodiment of a weather strip according to this invention.
- Figure 3A shows a transverse cross sectional view
- Figure 3B shows a plan view
- Figure 3C shows a side view
- Figure 3D shows a perspective view.
- the weather strip 16 comprises a substantially U - shaped body along most of its length with longitudinal corrugations or grooves 60 formed along substantially all of the length of the weather strip. These longitudinally extending grooves formed in the upper surface of the weather strip assist the shedding of water therefrom.
- a pair of longitudinal sealing strips 61 and 62 extend down substantially the length of the weather strip and are joined by an arcuate portion at the upper end 64.
- the sealing strips 61 , 62 and 64 engage the underside of the tile and provide a seal for wind blown rain which may be driven under the tile.
- a downwardly depending tab 67 which extends lower than the side flanges 65 and which in use is engaged into the uppermost corrugation 27 (Figure 7) of the lower flange 24 of a support batten 10 to assist with rapid and accurate placement of the weather strip.
- Side flanges 65 extend down most of the length of the weather strip but at the lower end the weather strip 14 does not have the downward depending side flanges 65 so it can extend over and be supported by a lower roof batten and pass over and hold down the next lower tile. It may be noted particularly in Figure 3A that the side flanges are angled slightly outward to allow for stacking of the weather strips 16 during transport to a work site.
- the notches 66 in the sides of the weather strip at the lower end of the side flanges 65 are adapted to receive the edge of the upper flange 22 of a support batten to hold the weather strip in place and to assist with holding the upper end of the next lower down tile 14 down by engaging it against the underside of the weather strip and thereby preventing it lifting.
- the tile retaining clip 17 which can be seen in Figure 4 comprises an elongate body portion 32 with a lower clip portion 34 and an upper hook portion 36.
- the lower clip portion 34 comprises a generally U - shaped portion including an upstanding portion 37 and a free standing leg 38 which is bent back towards the body 32 and is slightly resilient so that tiles of varying thicknesses can be received inside the U - shaped portion.
- the tiles may be from 3 to 12 mm in thickness and hence the clip portion may be sized to accommodate such a range. Alternatively there may be two sizes of tile retaining clips.
- the hook portion 36 has a stepped down portion 42 and an extension 41 with a turned back end 40. Between the extension 41 and the turned back end 40 there is defined a recess 43.
- the mounting of the tile retention clip to the tile support batten is shown in Figure 5 and mounting of the tile retention clip and upper end of the weather strip to the tile support batten is shown in Figures 6.
- the hook portion 36 is clipped onto the upper flange 22 of the of the battenl 0 so that the upper flange 22 is received in the recess 43.
- the down turned portion 42 allows the clip to lie as flat as possible underneath the tile.
- the edges of the side flanges 65 of the weather strip 16 rest on the tops of the corrugations of the lower flange 24 of the support batten 10 with the downwardly depending tab 67 at the upper end of the weather strip 16 which extends lower than the side flanges engaged into the uppermost corrugation 27.
- the upper end of a tile fits into the space between the upper side of the weather strip and the retention clip 17.
- the retention clip may be constructed from thin zinc plated or painted steel strip or from stainless steel which will still have the necessary strength and resilience so that one tile may lie very close to the next tile below it.
- FIGS 8 and 9 show alternative embodiments of retention of the present invention.
- the retention clip has an elongate body portion 70 which has upturned edges 71 to provide rigidity.
- the raised edges extend up onto the hook portion of the retaining clip. Where tiles used have a recess on the underside then the upturned edges are received in the recess and hence the edges on the clip do not cause any change in the spacing between tiles.
- the retention clip has an elongate body portion 75 which a longitudinal ridge 76 to provide rigidity. The ridge 76 extends unto the hook portion of the retention clip. Where tiles used have a recess on the underside then longitudinal ridge 76 is received in the recess and hence the ridge does not cause any change in the spacing between tiles.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU40916/00A AU4091600A (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-05-01 | Securing and weatherproofing roof tiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPQ0134A AUPQ013499A0 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 1999-05-03 | Securing and weatherproofing roof tiles |
| AUPQ0134 | 1999-05-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000066853A1 true WO2000066853A1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 |
Family
ID=3814341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2000/000376 Ceased WO2000066853A1 (fr) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-05-01 | Procede pour solidariser et impermeabiliser les tuiles |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AUPQ013499A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000066853A1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1688555A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-09 | G. Participations | Dispositif de fixation d'un élément de couverture sur un support |
| EP1688554A1 (fr) | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-09 | G. Participations | Dispositif de fixation d'un élément de couverture sur un support |
| FR2881772A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-11 | Participations Sa G | Dispositif de fixation d'un element de couverture |
| GB2444110A (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-05-28 | Ronnie Lee | Tiling system comprising support rails and tiles for roof or wall |
| US7386962B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2008-06-17 | L & T Riser Llc | Batten riser assembly |
| WO2014020579A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Aertetto S.R.L. | Élément de support structuré pour supporter et ancrer les tuiles dans un toit ventilé, toit ventilé et procédé de fabrication de toit ventilé |
| AU2015249111B2 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2017-03-02 | Scg Building Materials Co., Ltd | Weatherproof Roof Fixing System |
| WO2020229307A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | Solartag Aps | Système pour monter des tuiles de toit en verre sur une construction de toit |
| WO2022157600A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-28 | Adverge Limited | Système de montage de toit |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5467586A (en) * | 1985-03-12 | 1986-09-18 | Higgins, J.V. | Roof tile clip |
| GB2213512A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-08-16 | Herbert Smith | Roof tile or slate retainer |
| EP0375362A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-27 | Marley Tile AG | Crochet pour la fixation de tuiles |
| EP0497690A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-08-05 | Patrick D. Thevenin | Dispositif de couverture |
| WO1994024384A1 (fr) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-10-27 | Richard Waddington | Ameliorations apportees a un assemblage de toiture par bardeaux |
| AU6058994A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-10-27 | Rondo Building Services Pty Limited | Roofing system |
| AU1645797A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Storm And Security Roof Tile Fixing Pty. Ltd. | Tile clip |
| JPH1113216A (ja) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 瓦固定具 |
| DE29902345U1 (de) * | 1999-02-11 | 1999-04-22 | WIEKOR Dachprodukte GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn | Sturmklammer für Dachziegel |
| AU8834598A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-29 | John Vincent Higgins | Roof tile fixing batten system |
-
1999
- 1999-05-03 AU AUPQ0134A patent/AUPQ013499A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-05-01 WO PCT/AU2000/000376 patent/WO2000066853A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5467586A (en) * | 1985-03-12 | 1986-09-18 | Higgins, J.V. | Roof tile clip |
| GB2213512A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-08-16 | Herbert Smith | Roof tile or slate retainer |
| EP0375362A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-27 | Marley Tile AG | Crochet pour la fixation de tuiles |
| EP0497690A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-08-05 | Patrick D. Thevenin | Dispositif de couverture |
| WO1994024384A1 (fr) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-10-27 | Richard Waddington | Ameliorations apportees a un assemblage de toiture par bardeaux |
| AU6058994A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-10-27 | Rondo Building Services Pty Limited | Roofing system |
| AU1645797A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Storm And Security Roof Tile Fixing Pty. Ltd. | Tile clip |
| JPH1113216A (ja) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 瓦固定具 |
| AU8834598A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-29 | John Vincent Higgins | Roof tile fixing batten system |
| DE29902345U1 (de) * | 1999-02-11 | 1999-04-22 | WIEKOR Dachprodukte GmbH, 90579 Langenzenn | Sturmklammer für Dachziegel |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7386962B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2008-06-17 | L & T Riser Llc | Batten riser assembly |
| US7895804B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2011-03-01 | L & T Riser Llc | Batten riser assembly |
| US7559181B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2009-07-14 | L & T Riser Llc | Batten riser assembly |
| FR2881772A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-11 | Participations Sa G | Dispositif de fixation d'un element de couverture |
| EP1688555A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-09 | G. Participations | Dispositif de fixation d'un élément de couverture sur un support |
| FR2881769A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-11 | Participations Sa G | Dispositif de fixation d'un element de couverture sur un support |
| FR2881770A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-11 | Participations Sa G | Dispositif de fixation d'un element de couverture sur un support |
| EP1688554A1 (fr) | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-09 | G. Participations | Dispositif de fixation d'un élément de couverture sur un support |
| GB2444110A (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-05-28 | Ronnie Lee | Tiling system comprising support rails and tiles for roof or wall |
| GB2444110B (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2011-08-24 | Ronnie Lee | Improvements in tiling systems |
| AU2015249111B2 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2017-03-02 | Scg Building Materials Co., Ltd | Weatherproof Roof Fixing System |
| WO2014020579A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Aertetto S.R.L. | Élément de support structuré pour supporter et ancrer les tuiles dans un toit ventilé, toit ventilé et procédé de fabrication de toit ventilé |
| WO2020229307A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | Solartag Aps | Système pour monter des tuiles de toit en verre sur une construction de toit |
| US20220213688A1 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2022-07-07 | Solartag Aps | A system for mounting glass roof tiles on a roof construction |
| US11851883B2 (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2023-12-26 | Solartag Aps | System for mounting glass roof tiles on a roof construction |
| WO2022157600A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-28 | Adverge Limited | Système de montage de toit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AUPQ013499A0 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
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