WO2000065109A1 - Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000065109A1 WO2000065109A1 PCT/FR2000/001112 FR0001112W WO0065109A1 WO 2000065109 A1 WO2000065109 A1 WO 2000065109A1 FR 0001112 W FR0001112 W FR 0001112W WO 0065109 A1 WO0065109 A1 WO 0065109A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid metal
- gas
- bubbles
- static
- orifice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
- C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
- B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
- B01F23/2312—Diffusers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for improving the degassing treatment and the separation of inclusions from a bath of liquid metal, in particular aluminum, magnesium or their alloys, by injection and dispersion of a gas in the says liquid metal.
- This treatment is usually carried out by blowing in a suitable gas, for example an inert gas insoluble in liquid metal, of the Ar type which may contain a few percent of reactive gas of the chlorine type.
- a suitable gas for example an inert gas insoluble in liquid metal, of the Ar type which may contain a few percent of reactive gas of the chlorine type.
- the bubbles must be of the smallest possible diameter so that there is a large contact surface between the gas and the metal.
- the device of the aforementioned application tends to circumvent this difficulty of controlling the diameter of the bubbles and of obtaining bubbles of small diameter, by means of a particular arrangement of the gas emitting devices.
- the invention is a device for injecting gas bubbles into a liquid metal contained in a treatment volume, said device comprising at least one static injection part (also called emitter) made of substantially inert material, said static part comprising a plurality of orifices, said device being characterized in that the material and / or the location of the orifices are such that the ratio of the diameter of the contact surface between each bubble emitted and the said material at the outlet of the orifice , on the outlet diameter of the orifice, or spread ratio, is less than 5, preferably 3 or better than 1.5.
- a static injection part also called emitter
- the treatment volume or container is generally a tank with one or more compartments, a liquid metal circulation chute, an oven, etc.
- the diameter of the orifice is at most equal to the diameter of the bubble to be obtained and the spreading ratio is all the lower the more one wishes to obtain a small bubble diameter.
- the device according to the invention is especially useful when it is desired to obtain bubbles having a diameter of at most 20 mm and advantageously at most 10 mm even when the metal is calm or circulates at low speed. When the liquid metal flows at higher speed, the diameter of the bubbles can be even smaller.
- the desired spreading ratio can be obtained by using a material wettable by liquid metal, that is to say one whose wetting angle is less than 90 °, and / or by geometrically limiting the spreading surface available. around the hole; this latter solution makes it possible to use diffusers made of materials which cannot be wetted by liquid metal.
- Figure 1 illustrates the difference in behavior of a wettable and non-wettable material in the context of the invention.
- (1) we see the body of the static emitter, in (2) the gas inlet orifice where a bubble (9) is formed on the surface of the emitter, the said orifice (2) being supplied with gas using a small channel in the transmitter.
- the wetting angle (10) defined by the tangent to the bubble (9) at its point of contact with the emitter and by the emitter is less than 90 °. It can be seen that the metal wetting the material of the emitter well counteracts the spreading of the bubble (9) and limits its diameter. This mechanism, which occurs even if the surface surrounding the orifice (2) forms an angle different from 90 ° with the internal surface of the orifice, allows the gas to exit through protuberances made of material wettable by the metal having the shape , for example, drilled cones whose orifice passes through the axis of symmetry, that is to say that the orifices can be located at the top of conical protuberances.
- the use of a static emitter without protuberance has the advantage of simplifying the construction of the device, of reducing the risks of evolution of the geometry by erosion and of limiting the fouling of the device.
- the protrusions may possibly be formed from separate parts which are fixed in place by mechanical means, such as by screws, which allows them to be easily changed in the event of damage.
- the wetting angle (10) is greater than 90 °.
- the metal having difficulty wetting the emitter allows the bubble to spread; in this case it is important to mechanically or geometrically limit the spreading surface of said bubble, as will be seen below, so that it has a small diameter.
- Said contact surface means the maximum contact surface A between each bubble emitted and said material at the outlet of the orifice. During the development of a bubble, the contact surface generally evolves fairly quickly towards its maximum value. The maximum contact surface can be measured using any means which allows the formation of gas bubbles, such as X-rays, to be visualized.
- the wettable material of the diffuser can be chosen from certain refractory metals substantially inert with respect to said liquid metals, such as Mo, W, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, steels, ..., or their alloys, or among ceramics such as TiB, nitrides (AIN, BN), carbides (A1 4 C 3 , TiC ⁇ _ x ), ....
- refractory metals substantially inert with respect to said liquid metals such as Mo, W, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, steels, ..., or their alloys, or among ceramics such as TiB, nitrides (AIN, BN), carbides (A1 4 C 3 , TiC ⁇ _ x ), ....
- ZrO and SiC are also non-wetting materials for aluminum and its alloys.
- the wetting behavior of a material also depends on the roughness and the oxidation state of its surface. The material is preferably wetting because it is then easier to obtain a low spreading ratio.
- the diffuser may include a plurality of small protuberances, the top surface of which corresponds to said contact or spreading surface of the bubble and comprises at least one gas emission orifice.
- protrusions preferably have a height at least equal to their diameter and a shape which can be that of a straight or inclined or frustoconical cylindrical stud.
- the protrusions (32), or a part thereof, may be removable, that is to say that they form inserts, which makes it possible to replace them in the event of wear or damage.
- the removable protrusions (or studs) can be fixed to the body of the static part (21) by screws or any other means which allows easy replacement of the protrusions.
- the diffuser may be in the form of a single piece or of an assembly of elementary pieces, generally of small thickness in which small channels have been drilled.
- the upper end of these channels constitutes the injection orifice, located on the surface of said diffuser in contact with the liquid metal, and their lower end constitutes the orifice receiving the flow of feed gas to be injected into the metal. liquid.
- the distance between two neighboring injection orifices is typically slightly greater than that corresponding to the diameter of the spreading surface and is such that the bubbles being formed do not touch.
- the channels can correspond to a pore system or communicate through a network of feed channels dug in the mass.
- the gas pressure at the outlet orifice, at the interface between the metal and the surface of the emitter be substantially constant regardless of the gas flow rate. , especially during the formation and detachment of the bubble.
- the buffer volume located between the gas outlet orifice and the nearest regulator of the gas supply (valve, flow meter, ...) is also reduced as possible, and / or to use a suitable mass flow meter, and / or to introduce a local pressure drop just upstream of the outlet orifice using for example a porous material.
- the injection device according to the invention is advantageously used for the treatment of volumes of aluminum, magnesium or their liquid alloys. It can for example be installed in the bottom of liquid metal treatment tanks or of compartments of these same tanks, but also in the bottom of circulation channels of said liquid metal.
- the size of the bubbles (1 1, 31) can be measured by a method consisting in irradiating the liquid metal bath (3, 23) in which the bubbles are emitted using X-rays, in visualizing said bubbles after recovery of the image by a camera and to measure them after calibration of the acquisition chain and to determine the spread ratio.
- the invention also relates to any process for treating liquid metal using gas bubbles with a diameter of at most 20 mm, or preferably at most 10 mm, generated by a static diffuser, the products obtained by this process and the corresponding device.
- the tests carried out with the device according to the invention have shown that it is possible to achieve degassing efficiencies of up to 50% with bubbles with a diameter of the order of 5 mm, while they remained below 5 % with bubbles with a diameter of around 40 mm.
- the invention also relates to any method of treatment of liquid metal by gas injection using the static injection device of the present invention.
- the material and / or the implantation of the orifices of the static part (1, 21) can be chosen according to the nature of the liquid metal and, possibly, according to the composition of the gas and / or liquid metal temperature.
- the method may include measuring the size of the bubbles being processed, for example using X-rays, sound probes or ultrasound.
- FIG. 2 represents a partial view, in section, of an example of a diffuser making it possible to obtain the spreading ratio according to the invention
- FIG. 3 a view under the same conditions of another diffuser according to the invention.
- the static diffuser in the form of a piece of material wettable by liquid metal, generally installed in the bottom of a liquid aluminum treatment volume (not shown), comprising a plurality injection ports (2) in contact with the liquid metal (3).
- On the lower face (4) of the part (1) opens an orifice (5) for supplying treatment gas, which will be conveyed to the injection orifice (2) via the buffer volume (8) .
- the diffuser rests on supports not shown and several diffusers can be installed in the same treatment volume as indicated in application FR 2727432 cited above.
- the bubble in formation (9) shows a wetting angle (10) of approximately 70 ° and a spreading ratio of approximately 1.
- the diameter of the bubbles formed (1 1) was measured by an X-ray method consisting essentially in irradiating the metal bath liquid, in which the gas bubbles are emitted, and to visualize the said bubbles in clear on a dark background after recovery of the image by a camera; their diameter is then measured after a calibration of the acquisition chain. The diameter is 5 mm while the metal is calm and without any external shearing energy.
- FIG 3 shows the detail of another means for limiting the spread ratio.
- the static diffuser (21) placed in the bottom of a liquid metal treatment volume (23) is in the form of a part comprising injection orifices (22) through which the treatment gas is diffused in the liquid metal (23). These orifices are located at the top of protuberances (32) whose apex diameter, in combination with the diameter of the orifice, is used to calculate said spread ratio.
- the injection orifices (22) are connected to the supply orifice (25) located on the underside (24) of the part (21) via the buffer volume (28) as small as possible. Upstream of said bottom face (24) is, as before, the constant pressure supply device (26).
- the device for supplying gas at constant pressure (6, 26) comprising, for example, a felt graphite introducing a pressure drop between the feed gas flow (7, 27) and the buffer volume as small as possible (8, 28).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00922761A EP1192289A1 (fr) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-26 | Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz |
| CA002372065A CA2372065A1 (fr) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-26 | Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz |
| AU43054/00A AU765961B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-26 | Improved method and device for degasing and separation of inclusions in a liquidmetal bath by injection of gas bubbles |
| JP2000613842A JP2002543277A (ja) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-26 | 気泡注入による溶融金属槽のガス抜きと包有物分離のための改善された方法と装置 |
| NO20015183A NO20015183L (no) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-10-23 | Forbedret fremgangsmåte og anordning for avgassing og separering av innleiringer i et flytende metallbad vedinnspröytning av gassbobler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR99/05484 | 1999-04-27 | ||
| FR9905484A FR2792948B1 (fr) | 1999-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000065109A1 true WO2000065109A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
ID=9545060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2000/001112 Ceased WO2000065109A1 (fr) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-26 | Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1192289A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002543277A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU765961B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2372065A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2792948B1 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20015183L (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000065109A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003112253A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-04-15 | Huette Klein-Reichenbach Gmbh | 泡状金属を製造する装置及び方法 |
| WO2012110717A1 (fr) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-23 | Constellium France | Demi-produit en alliage d'aluminium à microporosité améliorée et procédé de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2526554T3 (es) | 2008-03-17 | 2015-01-13 | Southwire Company, Llc | Detección de porosidad |
| EP2629906A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-18 | 2013-08-28 | Alcoa Inc. | Injecteurs mouillables pour dégazage de métal fondu |
| CN111308574B (zh) * | 2020-02-12 | 2022-08-12 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种炼钢连铸过程中耐材堵塞的检测装置和方法 |
| KR102462993B1 (ko) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-11-03 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 입자 선별 능력이 향상된 부유선별 장치 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4290590A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1981-09-22 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Apparatus for sparging molten metal by gas injection |
| US4438907A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1984-03-27 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas blowing nozzle, and production and usage thereof |
| WO1996039545A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Alcan International Limited | Procede et dispositif pour le traitement continu en ligne de metaux en fusion au moyen d'un gaz |
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 FR FR9905484A patent/FR2792948B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-26 CA CA002372065A patent/CA2372065A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-26 EP EP00922761A patent/EP1192289A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-26 WO PCT/FR2000/001112 patent/WO2000065109A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-26 AU AU43054/00A patent/AU765961B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-26 JP JP2000613842A patent/JP2002543277A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-10-23 NO NO20015183A patent/NO20015183L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4290590A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1981-09-22 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Apparatus for sparging molten metal by gas injection |
| US4438907A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1984-03-27 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas blowing nozzle, and production and usage thereof |
| WO1996039545A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Alcan International Limited | Procede et dispositif pour le traitement continu en ligne de metaux en fusion au moyen d'un gaz |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; IGUCHI MANABU ET AL: "X-ray fluoroscopic observation of bubble characteristics in a molten iron bath", XP002127406, Database accession no. EIX96223006007 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003112253A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-04-15 | Huette Klein-Reichenbach Gmbh | 泡状金属を製造する装置及び方法 |
| WO2012110717A1 (fr) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-23 | Constellium France | Demi-produit en alliage d'aluminium à microporosité améliorée et procédé de fabrication |
| FR2971793A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-24 | Alcan Rhenalu | Demi-produit en alliage d'aluminium a microporosite amelioree et procede de fabrication |
| RU2590744C2 (ru) * | 2011-02-18 | 2016-07-10 | Констеллиум Иссуар | Полуфабрикат из алюминиевого сплава с улучшенной микропористостью и способ изготовления |
| US9670567B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2017-06-06 | Constellium Issoire | Manufacturing method of making aluminum alloy semi-finished product with improved microporosity |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1192289A1 (fr) | 2002-04-03 |
| FR2792948A1 (fr) | 2000-11-03 |
| JP2002543277A (ja) | 2002-12-17 |
| NO20015183D0 (no) | 2001-10-23 |
| FR2792948B1 (fr) | 2001-06-08 |
| AU765961B2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| AU4305400A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
| NO20015183L (no) | 2001-10-23 |
| CA2372065A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0262058B1 (fr) | Dispositif rotatif à pales de mise en solution d'éléments d'alliage et de dispersion de gaz dans un bain d'aluminium | |
| EP1332235B1 (fr) | Dispositif rotatif de dispersion de gaz pour le traitement d'un bain de metal liquide | |
| EP0050578A1 (fr) | Dispositif de traitement d'un bain de métal liquide par injection de gaz | |
| EP2675932A1 (fr) | Demi-produit en alliage d'aluminium à microporosité améliorée et procédé de fabrication | |
| EP1192289A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif ameliores de degazage et de separation des inclusions d'un bain de metal liquide par injection de bulles de gaz | |
| EP3215644B1 (fr) | Procédé d'utilisation d'une sonotrode tubulaire | |
| FR2472613A1 (fr) | Procede et appareil de separation de laitier et de coulee d'acier | |
| EP0127521A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un métal liquide moulé sous basse pression, notamment pour l'inoculation de la fonte | |
| RU2314176C2 (ru) | Устройство для нагнетания флюида в металлургический резервуар | |
| EP0561805A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'introduction tardive d'alliage particulaire lors de la coulee d'un metal liquide. | |
| EP0667199A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de coulée continue de filaments métalliques directement à partir de métal liquide | |
| FR2555080A1 (fr) | Procede et appareil pour eviter la formation d'un tourbillon dans un recipient metallurgique de coulee a sortie par le fond | |
| EP2258821B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de trempage | |
| FR2642679A3 (fr) | Dispositif d'elimination des inclusions non metalliques dans un repartiteur de coulee continue de l'acier | |
| FR2728491A1 (fr) | Dispositif de coulee d'un metal liquide avec injection d'un gaz inerte dans le metal liquide en cours de coulee | |
| FR2836983A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'evacuation de gaz d'une enceinte immergee | |
| EP0223722A1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé d'injection continue sous faible pression d'un additif pulvérulent dans un courant de métal fondu | |
| CN221889246U (zh) | 用于处理熔融金属的转子和旋转装置 | |
| FR2917096A1 (fr) | Nouvel additif comprenant du plomb et/ou un alliage de plomb destine a traiter les bains d'acier liquide. | |
| FR2468655A1 (fr) | Filtrage et degazage continus de cuivre en fusion | |
| WO1996016193A1 (fr) | Dispositif de degazage et de separation des inclusions dans un bain de metal liquide | |
| WO2003095686A1 (fr) | Dispositif de traitement en ligne de metal liquide par voie gazeuse et par filtration | |
| BE516469A (fr) | ||
| FR2700283A1 (fr) | Busette immergée pour la coulée continue des métaux. | |
| BE841632A (fr) | Perfectionnements aux procedes et aux dispositifs de coulee, d'un metal liquide hors d'un recipient metallurgique |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2000922761 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2000 613842 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2372065 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2372065 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09926289 Country of ref document: US |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2000922761 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWR | Wipo information: refused in national office |
Ref document number: 2000922761 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2000922761 Country of ref document: EP |