WO2000061314A1 - A helical flyte for screw pile anchors - Google Patents
A helical flyte for screw pile anchors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000061314A1 WO2000061314A1 PCT/AU2000/000282 AU0000282W WO0061314A1 WO 2000061314 A1 WO2000061314 A1 WO 2000061314A1 AU 0000282 W AU0000282 W AU 0000282W WO 0061314 A1 WO0061314 A1 WO 0061314A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- central hole
- helical
- flyte
- screw pile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to a helical flyte for screw pile anchors.
- screw pile anchors shall also include “screw piers” and “ground anchors”.
- AU-B-17734/95 discloses the manufacture of ground anchors, or screw piers, where the helical flyte is formed by deformation of the tubular shank.
- AU-A-40280/95 (STEEL FOUNDATIONS LIMITED) discloses the manufacture of screw piers, where preformed helical flytes are welded to the tubular body of the piers using a welding machine.
- the present invention provides a method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor, including the steps of: a) cutting the blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) cutting a plurality of substantially radial slits in the blank from the central hole; c) deforming a plurality of tabs, defined by adjacent pairs of the slits, out of the plane of the blank; and d) deforming the blank into a substantially helical configuration.
- the method further includes step (e) wherein a radial slit is cut in the central hole to the periphery before step (d).
- Step (d) may be effected before step (c) if preferred.
- the present invention resides in a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including: a metal body of helical configuration about a central hole; and a plurality of tabs defined by adjacent pairs of substantially radial slits from the central hole, tabs being deformed out of the plane of the adjacent portions of the body.
- the present invention resides in a method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) forming a plurality of substantially radial deformations out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the blank; and c) deforming the blank into a substantially helical configuration.
- the method may include a further step (d) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the blank before step (c).
- the deformations are of reducing width and height (or radius) in the radially upward direction.
- the deformations terminate a distance from the periphery of the flyte.
- the present invention resides in a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including: a metal body of substantially helical configuration about a central hole; and a plurality of substantially radial deformations formed out of the planes of adjacent portions of the body.
- the present invention resides in a method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a first blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) deforming the first blank into a substantially helical configuration; and c) cutting a second blank, of reduced diameter, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; d) deforming the second blank into a substantially helical configuration; e) locating the second blank above the first blank with the respective central holes co-axial; and f) welding, brazing or otherwise fastening the periphery of the second blank to the upper surface of the first blank.
- the second blank on a radial line, is inclined at an angle of 10°-30° relative to the first blank.
- the method includes a further step (a1 ) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the first blank, before step (b); and a further step (d ), where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the second blank, before step (d).
- the present invention resides in a helical flyte manufactured by the method of the fifth aspect.
- the helical flyte may be substantially circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other shape in plan view; and is preferably fixed to the shaft or tubular shank of the screw pile anchor by welding of the tabs or deformations and/or the internal periphery of the central hole to the shaft or body.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the helical flyte in accordance with the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view thereof
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view thereof
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line A-A in FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the helical flyte in accordance with the second embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a side elevational view thereof;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the helical flyte attached to a tubular shaft of the screw pile anchor;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the helical flyte in accordance with the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a top plan view thereof;
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on line A-A on FIG. 8;
- FIG. 11 is one side elevational view thereof;
- FIG. 12 is a second side elevational view thereof.
- the helical flyte 10 is substantially octagonal in plan view (with rounded corners) and is formed from a sheet metal blank 11 cut from a piece of metal sheet.
- a central hole 12 is provided in the blank and a plurality of substantially radially extending slits 13 extend therefrom, terminating a distance from the periphery 14 of the flyte.
- Respective tabs 15, defined by adjacent pairs of slits 13, are bent out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the body 11 , and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, are preferably deformed alternately upwardly and downwardly relative to the body 11.
- a radial slit is cut from the central hole 12 to the periphery 14, and this defines the leading edge 16 and trailing edge 17 of the flyte 10 when it is deformed into the helical configuration.
- the helical flyte 10 is attached to the tubular shaft (not shown) of the screw pile anchor (also not shown) by welding the inner edges 18 of the tabs 15 to the tubular shaft.
- the alternative inclination of the tabs 15 provides bracing to the flyte 10 to ensure that it can sustain high vertical loads along the tubular shaft.
- a plurality of substantially part-conical formations 25 extend substantially radially from the central hole 22 in the body 21 of the helical flyte.
- Each formation 25 is of reducing width and height (or radius) in the radially-outward direction, and the helical flyte 20 is secured to the tubular shaft 30 (see FIG. 7) by welding the shaft 30 to the faces 28 of the formations 25 and the central hole 22.
- the formations 25 provide rigidity and stiffness to the helical flyte 20.
- the helical flyte 120 of the third embodiment is formed from a first blank 121 , of substantially octagonal shape, with a central hole 122, and radial slit 123, formed into a substantially helical formation.
- a second blank 124 of substantially circular shape has a central hole 125 and a radial slit 126 and is also formed into a substantially helical shape.
- the second blank 124 is placed on the first blank 121 , with the central holes 122, 125 co-axial.
- the periphery 127 of the second blank is welded, brazed or otherwise fastened to the upper face of the first blank 121.
- the inclined angle ⁇ between the first and second blanks 121 , 124 is preferably in the range of 5°-45°, more preferably 10°-30°, the second blank "bracing" the helical flyte against loads applied along the shaft of the screw pile anchor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
A helix flyte (10) for screw pile anchors is formed from a flat metal blank (11), with a central hole (12). Adjacent pairs of radially extending slits (13) define respective tabs (15) which are bent out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the body (11), the inner ends (18) of the tabs (15) being welded to the tubular shaft of the screw pile anchor.
Description
TITLE: A HELICAL FLYTE FOR SCREW PILE ANCHORS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
THIS INVENTION relates to a helical flyte for screw pile anchors.
The term "screw pile anchors" shall also include "screw piers" and "ground anchors".
2. Prior Art
AU-B-17734/95 (680352) (PAUL CAMILLERI) discloses the manufacture of ground anchors, or screw piers, where the helical flyte is formed by deformation of the tubular shank.
AU-A-40280/95 (STEEL FOUNDATIONS LIMITED) discloses the manufacture of screw piers, where preformed helical flytes are welded to the tubular body of the piers using a welding machine. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing the helical flytes where the flytes can be cut as a blank from a metal sheet and welded to the shafts or tubular body of the anchors. It is a preferred object of the present invention to provide such flytes which incorporate reinforcing ribs or flanges.
Other preferred objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor, including the steps of: a) cutting the blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) cutting a plurality of substantially radial slits in the blank from the central hole; c) deforming a plurality of tabs, defined by adjacent pairs of the slits, out of the plane of the blank; and d) deforming the blank into a substantially helical
configuration.
Preferably, the method further includes step (e) wherein a radial slit is cut in the central hole to the periphery before step (d).
Step (d) may be effected before step (c) if preferred. In a second aspect, the present invention resides in a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including: a metal body of helical configuration about a central hole; and a plurality of tabs defined by adjacent pairs of substantially radial slits from the central hole, tabs being deformed out of the plane of the adjacent portions of the body.
In a third aspect, the present invention resides in a method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) forming a plurality of substantially radial deformations out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the blank; and c) deforming the blank into a substantially helical configuration. The method may include a further step (d) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the blank before step (c).
Preferably, the deformations are of reducing width and height (or radius) in the radially upward direction.
Preferably, the deformations terminate a distance from the periphery of the flyte.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention resides in a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including: a metal body of substantially helical configuration about a central hole; and a plurality of substantially radial deformations formed out of the planes of adjacent portions of the body.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention resides in a method of
forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a first blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) deforming the first blank into a substantially helical configuration; and c) cutting a second blank, of reduced diameter, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; d) deforming the second blank into a substantially helical configuration; e) locating the second blank above the first blank with the respective central holes co-axial; and f) welding, brazing or otherwise fastening the periphery of the second blank to the upper surface of the first blank.
Preferably, the second blank, on a radial line, is inclined at an angle of 10°-30° relative to the first blank.
Preferably, the method includes a further step (a1 ) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the first blank, before step (b); and a further step (d ), where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the second blank, before step (d). In a sixth aspect, the present invention resides in a helical flyte manufactured by the method of the fifth aspect.
The helical flyte may be substantially circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other shape in plan view; and is preferably fixed to the shaft or tubular shank of the screw pile anchor by welding of the tabs or deformations and/or the internal periphery of the central hole to the shaft or body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To enable the invention to be fully understood, preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the helical flyte in accordance with the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view thereof; FIG. 3 is a perspective view thereof; FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line A-A in FIG. 1 ; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the helical flyte in accordance with the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view thereof; FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the helical flyte attached to a tubular shaft of the screw pile anchor;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the helical flyte in accordance with the third embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view thereof; FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on line A-A on FIG. 8; FIG. 11 is one side elevational view thereof; and FIG. 12 is a second side elevational view thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, the helical flyte 10 is substantially octagonal in plan view (with rounded corners) and is formed from a sheet metal blank 11 cut from a piece of metal sheet. A central hole 12 is provided in the blank and a plurality of substantially radially extending slits 13 extend therefrom, terminating a distance from the periphery 14 of the flyte.
Respective tabs 15, defined by adjacent pairs of slits 13, are bent out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the body 11 , and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, are preferably deformed alternately upwardly and downwardly relative to the body 11.
A radial slit is cut from the central hole 12 to the periphery 14, and this defines the leading edge 16 and trailing edge 17 of the flyte 10 when it is deformed into the helical configuration. The helical flyte 10 is attached to the tubular shaft (not shown) of the screw pile anchor (also not shown) by welding the inner edges 18 of the tabs 15 to the tubular shaft. The alternative inclination of
the tabs 15 provides bracing to the flyte 10 to ensure that it can sustain high vertical loads along the tubular shaft.
In the helical flyte 20 of the second embodiment in FIGS. 5 and 7, a plurality of substantially part-conical formations 25 extend substantially radially from the central hole 22 in the body 21 of the helical flyte.
Each formation 25 is of reducing width and height (or radius) in the radially-outward direction, and the helical flyte 20 is secured to the tubular shaft 30 (see FIG. 7) by welding the shaft 30 to the faces 28 of the formations 25 and the central hole 22.
Again, the formations 25 provide rigidity and stiffness to the helical flyte 20.
Referring to FIGS. 8 to 12, the helical flyte 120 of the third embodiment is formed from a first blank 121 , of substantially octagonal shape, with a central hole 122, and radial slit 123, formed into a substantially helical formation.
A second blank 124 of substantially circular shape, has a central hole 125 and a radial slit 126 and is also formed into a substantially helical shape. The second blank 124 is placed on the first blank 121 , with the central holes 122, 125 co-axial.
The periphery 127 of the second blank is welded, brazed or otherwise fastened to the upper face of the first blank 121.
The inclined angle α between the first and second blanks 121 , 124 is preferably in the range of 5°-45°, more preferably 10°-30°, the second blank "bracing" the helical flyte against loads applied along the shaft of the screw pile anchor.
Various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described and illustrated without departing from the present invention.
Claims
CLAIMS:
1. A method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor, including the steps of:
(a) cutting a blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; (b) cutting a plurality of substantially radial slits in the blank from the central hole;
(c) deforming a plurality of tabs, defined by adjacent pairs of the slits, out of the plane of the blank; and
(d) deforming the blank into a substantially helical configuration.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 further including step (e) wherein a radial slit is cut in the central hole to the periphery before step
(d).
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein step (d) is effected before step (c).
4. A helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including a metal body of helical configuration about a central hole and a plurality of tabs defined by adjacent pairs of substantially radial slits from the central hole, tabs being deformed out of the plane of the adjacent portions of the body. 5. The helical flyte as claimed in claim 4 where the metal body is substantially circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other shape in plan view; and is fixed to the shaft or tubular shank of the screw pile anchor by welding of the tabs and/or the internal periphery of the central hole to the shaft or body. 6. A method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) forming a plurality of substantially radial deformations out of the planes of the respective adjacent portions of the blank; and c) deforming the blank into a substantially helical configuration.
7. The method as claimed in Claim 6 including a further step (d) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the blank before step (c).
8. A method as claimed in Claim 6 wherein: the deformations are of reducing width and height (or radius) in the radially upward direction.
9. A method as claimed in Claim 6 wherein: the deformations terminate a distance from the periphery of the flyte. 10. A helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including: a metal body of substantially helical configuration about a central hole; and a plurality of substantially radial deformations formed out of the planes of adjacent portions of the body. 11. The helical flyte as claimed in Claim 10 wherein: the body is substantially circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other shape in plan view; and is fixed to the shaft or tubular shank of the screw pile anchor by welding of the deformations and/or the internal periphery of the central hole to the shaft or body. 12. A method of forming a helical flyte for a screw pile anchor including the steps of: a) cutting a first blank, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; b) deforming the first blank into a substantially helical configuration; c) cutting a second blank, of reduced diameter, with a central hole, from a metal sheet; d) deforming the second blank into a substantially helical configuration; e) locating the second blank above the first blank with the respective central holes co-axial; and f) welding, brazing or otherwise fastening the periphery
of the second blank to the upper surface of the first blank. 13. The method as claimed in Claim 12 wherein: the second blank, on a radial line, is inclined at an angle of 10°-30° relative to the first blank. 14. The method as claimed in Claim 12 including a further step
(a1 ) where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the first blank, before step (b); and a further step (d ), where a radial slit is cut from the central hole to the periphery of the second blank, before step
(d). 15. A helical flyte for a screw pile anchor made by the method of
Claim 12.
16. The helical flyte as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the flyte is substantially circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal or other shape in plan view; and is fixed to the shaft or tubular shank of the screw pile anchor by welding of the internal peripheries of the central holes to the shaft or body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU35438/00A AU753957B2 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-04-04 | A helical flyte for screw pile anchors |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPP9600 | 1999-04-07 | ||
| AUPP9600A AUPP960099A0 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | Improvements in screw pile anchors |
| AUPQ3168A AUPQ316899A0 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 1999-09-28 | Improvements in screw pile anchors |
| AUPQ3168 | 1999-09-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000061314A1 true WO2000061314A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
Family
ID=25646020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2000/000282 Ceased WO2000061314A1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-04-04 | A helical flyte for screw pile anchors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2000061314A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1358954A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Shaped core for cast cooling passages and enhanced part definition |
| US11949370B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2024-04-02 | Nextracker Llc | Support frames for solar trackers |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU996655A1 (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1983-02-15 | За витель | Air-supported structure |
| RU1787886C (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-01-15 | Научно-производственное объединение по механизации и автоматизации производства машин для хлопководства "Технолог" | Screw conveyer working member |
| EP0578628A1 (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-12 | Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Conveying arrangement for the dosed conveyance of bulk material |
-
2000
- 2000-04-04 WO PCT/AU2000/000282 patent/WO2000061314A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU996655A1 (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1983-02-15 | За витель | Air-supported structure |
| RU1787886C (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-01-15 | Научно-производственное объединение по механизации и автоматизации производства машин для хлопководства "Технолог" | Screw conveyer working member |
| EP0578628A1 (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-12 | Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Conveying arrangement for the dosed conveyance of bulk material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q35, AN 1994-042154/05 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q42, AN 1983-849385/51 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1358954A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Shaped core for cast cooling passages and enhanced part definition |
| US11949370B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2024-04-02 | Nextracker Llc | Support frames for solar trackers |
| US12231082B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2025-02-18 | Nextracker Llc | Support frames for solar trackers |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4685834A (en) | Splay bottom fluted metal piles | |
| US5445483A (en) | Female clinch fastener with cold-formed locking flange and associated installation method | |
| AU2002331556B2 (en) | Self-piercing fixing element that can be press-fitted to sheet metal in a torsion and expulsion-proof manner | |
| US4005942A (en) | Metal hanger | |
| JP5518050B2 (en) | Steel pipe pile and steel pipe pile construction method | |
| EP2558714B1 (en) | Tower construction | |
| WO1999014441A1 (en) | Screw pile anchor | |
| EP0921882B1 (en) | Cutting tool and cutting insert for use therewith | |
| EP0652381A2 (en) | Male clinch fastener with cold-formed locking flange and associated installation method | |
| JPH0117804B2 (en) | ||
| US6244365B1 (en) | Unplanar non-axisymmetric inserts | |
| US7018139B1 (en) | Structural helical pile | |
| JP5365462B2 (en) | Construction method of foundation pile structure | |
| JP2020533503A (en) | pile | |
| WO2000061314A1 (en) | A helical flyte for screw pile anchors | |
| AU753957B2 (en) | A helical flyte for screw pile anchors | |
| EP2435645B1 (en) | Construction prop | |
| NZ247817A (en) | Impact absorbing tubular pole: wall with alternating first and second pairs of staggered slits | |
| US4543015A (en) | Pile having wedge former | |
| US20070003377A1 (en) | Foundation pile having a spiral ridge and method of underpinning using same | |
| US8172536B2 (en) | Impeller guide wheel for a hydrodynamic speed variator/torque converter and method for manufacturing an impeller | |
| US4349298A (en) | Wedge-forming pile | |
| JP3984587B2 (en) | Steel pipe pile for rotary press-in and its manufacturing method | |
| JP4073339B2 (en) | Steel pipe pile | |
| JP2005105552A (en) | Steel sheet pile with a constant stacking interval |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 35438/00 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 35438/00 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |