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WO2000060341A1 - Systeme et procede de pompage electro-osmotique - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de pompage electro-osmotique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000060341A1
WO2000060341A1 PCT/CA2000/000345 CA0000345W WO0060341A1 WO 2000060341 A1 WO2000060341 A1 WO 2000060341A1 CA 0000345 W CA0000345 W CA 0000345W WO 0060341 A1 WO0060341 A1 WO 0060341A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capillary tube
resistive material
material layer
input
electro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2000/000345
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryan S. Raz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Morphometrix Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Morphometrix Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morphometrix Technologies Inc filed Critical Morphometrix Technologies Inc
Priority to CA002368785A priority Critical patent/CA2368785A1/fr
Priority to AU35472/00A priority patent/AU3547200A/en
Publication of WO2000060341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000060341A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44752—Controlling the zeta potential, e.g. by wall coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to capillary electrophoresis and more particularly to an electro-osmotic flow pumping system and method.
  • Capillary electrophoresis is generally used for fluid material separations.
  • the electrophoretic effect is a competition between the electric field force on an ionized chemical group in solution and the viscous drag of that group as it moves the solution, also known as the buffer.
  • the electro-osmotic flow was observed to carry the entire buffer fluid along the capillary as the electrophoresis was occurring.
  • Electro-osmotic flow depends critically on the interaction between the interior surface of the capillary tube and the buffer solution.
  • the inner surface takes on a negative charge. The origin of this charge is not adequately understood. It may be due to the ionization of the tube itself, or absorption of buffer ions. Even Teflon tubes will exhibit electro-osmotic flow.
  • the choice for most capillary electrophoresis applications is a fused silica capillary tube 1 as depicted in Fig. 1. Referring to Fig. 1, surface silanol groups (Si-OH) are ionized into negatively charged silanoate groups (Si-O " ) 2 at pH levels above 3.
  • the positive buffer ions become practically bound to the interior surface 2 of capillary tube 1 and result in a bound cationic layer (indicated generally by reference 5) .
  • the bound cationic layer 5 is not sufficient to neutralize the electric field at the interior surface 2 of the capillary tube wall, and a second mobile cationic layer 6 of positive buffer ions is drawn towards the interior surface of the capillary tube 1, forming a complete cationic diffuse double layer indicated by reference 7 in Fig. 1(b) .
  • the mobile cationic layer 6 moves while the inner bound cationic layer 5 remains stationary. Since the cations in the mobile cationic layer 6 are solvated, the buffer fluid is dragged along by the cations in the mobile cationic layer 6. Between the bound cationic layer 5 and the mobile cationic layer 6, there is a plane of shear 8. An electrical imbalance is created at the plane of shear 8 which is the potential difference across the cationic layers 5 and 6. The potential difference is commonly referred to as the "Zeta potential" .
  • Capillary tubes made of fused silica can have their inner surfaces treated chemically to increase the natural formation of bound, ionized surface groups.
  • One such technique involves pre-treating the capillary tube with NaOH.
  • Another known technique involves adding chemicals that block the formation of the bound surface ions 5 and thereby work to decrease the "Zeta potential" .
  • One such technique involves covalent bonding of monomolecular layers of polyacrylamide to the inner surface of the capillary tube in order to minimize both electro-osmotic flow and buffer absorption. This technique works by chemically shielding the bound charges already on the inner surface of the capillary tube thereby reducing the Zeta potential, and so the electro-osmotic flow. Nevertheless, none of these known chemical modification procedures is able to overcome the problem of bubble formation and its interruption of the net ionic current flow within the capillary tube.
  • Electrical modification is another known technique for enhancing electro-osmotic flow in capillary tubes.
  • One electrical modification technique involves utilizing conventional solid semiconductor materials in the micro-fabrication of the capillary tubes.
  • the semiconductor construction of capillary tubes provides the ability to control voltages along the inner surface of the capillary tube and thereby the Zeta potential.
  • known solid semiconductor materials such as silicon
  • silicon have been found to be ill-suited to electro-osmotic flow systems because the breakdown electric fields are often much lower than the fields required for producing the electro-osmotic flow.
  • a solid semi-conductor construction for example, silicon would need to support a voltage potential of 1000V.
  • a capillary tube 20 (made of a standard insulating material) is covered by a conducting sheath 21 having a very high resistance value.
  • the sheath 21 is coupled to a power supply 22 and charged to some specified voltage. Since the sheath 21 has a very poor conductivity, the Joule heating effect is minimal.
  • the capillary tube 20 and the sheath 21 effectively form a large cylindrical capacitor.
  • the accumulation of charge on the inner surface of the sheath 21 alters the radial electric field inside the capillary tube 20 and thereby affects the Zeta potential. In this way the electro-osmotic flow may be continuously controlled by a continuous adjustment of the voltage applied to the sheath 21.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for electro-osmotic flow in a capillary tube.
  • the present invention provides a capillary tube for use in an electro-osmotic flow system
  • the capillary tube comprises, (a) a cylindrical tube having an interior wall and an exterior wall; (b) a resistive material layer, the resistive material layer is affixed to the interior wall; (c) the resistive material layer includes a pair of terminal ends for coupling to a power source to produce a potential drop across the resistive material layer.
  • the present invention provides an electro-osmotic flow control system for controlling the flow of one or more buffer fluids
  • the electro-osmotic flow control system comprises: (a) a capillary tube having an interior wall and an exterior wall, and an input end and an output end, the input end provides an input port for receiving the buffer fluids, and the output end provides an output port for egress of the buffer fluids; (b) the capillary tube includes a resistive material layer, the resistive material layer is affixed to the interior wall; (c) a power source coupled to the resistive material layer for producing a potential drop across the resistive material layer.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing an electro-osmotic flow in a capillary tube
  • the capillary tube comprises a cylindrical tube having an interior wall and an exterior wall, and includes a resistive material layer affixed to the interior wall
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) injecting a buffer fluid into one end of the capillary tube; (b) applying an external voltage to the resistive material layer to produce a potential drop across the layer; and (c) controlling the potential drop to vary the Zeta potential and control the electro-osmotic flow of the buffer fluid in the capillary tube.
  • an electro-osmotic flow system for controlling the flow of a plurality of buffer fluids
  • the electro- osmotic flow control system comprises: (a) an input capillary tube having an interior wall and the interior wall includes a resistive material layer, and the input capillary tube has an input and an output port, the input provides an input port for receiving the buffer fluids; (b) a first branch capillary tube having an interior wall and the interior wall includes a resistive material layer, and the first branch capillary tube has an input and an output, the input is coupled to the output port on the input capillary tube; (c) a second branch capillary tube having an interior wall and the interior wall includes a resistive material layer, and the second branch capillary tube has an input and an output, the input being coupled to the output port on the input capillary tube; (d) a voltage source having a plurality of voltage outputs, one voltage output is coupled to the input capillary tube for producing a potential drop across the resistive material
  • a controller for controlling the voltage source includes an output control port coupled to the voltage source for outputting the control signals to control the potential drop in each of the capillary tubes wherein the potential drop controls the flow of the buffer fluid in the associated capillary tube.
  • Fig. 1(a) shows a conventional capillary tube according to the prior art
  • Fig. 1(b) shows the formation of a diffuse double layer in the capillary tube of Fig. 1(a);
  • Fig. 2 shows the capillary tube of Fig. 1(a) with a bubble formed inside the tube;
  • Fig. 3 shows the capillary tube of Fig. 1(a) with an arrangement for producing a radial electric field according to the prior art ;
  • Fig. 4(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electro-osmotic flow system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4(b) is an end view of the electro-osmotic flow system of Fig. 4(a);
  • Fig. 5 shows the capillary tube of Fig. 4 with a bubble formed inside the tube
  • Fig. 6 shows the capillary tube of Fig. 4 with two bubbles formed inside the tube according to a method for separating fluid segments
  • Fig. 7 shows a network of capillary channels for controlling the flow of a plurality of fluid segments according to another aspect of the invention.
  • Figs. 4(a) and 4(b) show an electro-osmotic flow system 100 according to the present invention.
  • the electro-osmotic flow system 100 comprises a capillary tube 101 having an inner surface or wall 102.
  • the inner surface 102 is coated with a resistive material 104.
  • the resistive material 104 is not sealed or otherwise altered, and resides in direct contact with the buffer fluid 99.
  • a power supply 106 is connected to the resistive material layer 104 and a voltage is applied directly to the resistive layer 104.
  • Application of the voltage (e.g. in the range of 1 KV) to the resistive material layer 104 results in a continuous electric potential drop that is experienced by the buffer fluid 99 at all points in the capillary tube 101.
  • the resistive material preferably comprises a highly resistive material, for example, a semiconducting polymer, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, or the like.
  • a semiconducting polymer such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, or the like.
  • the resistances of these polymers can be adjusted over a very large range to suit the particular application. It has been found that a resistance in the range of approximately 100 MegaOhms to 1000 MegaOhms is suitable for most applications, and for some applications the resistance value will be dependent on the geometry of the layer 104 and/or the interior channel of the capillary tube 101.
  • a gel for ion exchange or an ion exchange polymer such as PVP
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone or even ordinary agar gel is also suitable.
  • a semiconducting polymer does not form an oxidation layer and is thereby able to conduct the electric current across its thickness .
  • coating the inner surface of the capillary tube 101 with the resistive material 104 provides an electric current (ionic) conductive path at every point in the capillary tube 101 regardless of local conditions. If the flow of the buffer fluid 99 is interrupted by the formation of a bubble 120, i.e. resulting in two buffer fluid segments 99a and 99b, then both fluid segments 99a and 99b on either side of the bubble 120 continue to experience the electric force through contact with the energized resistive layer 104 and so will therefore continue to move in direction of arrow 121, pushing the bubble 120 along with the fluid 99. This is because the ionic current flow can continue through the conductive path provided by the resistive layer 104 coating the inner surface 102 of the capillary tube 101.
  • Fig. 6 shows another aspect of the electro-osmotic flow system 100 according to the present invention.
  • one or more bubbles 122 are utilized as separators to separate different fluid segments and control their translation through the capillary tube 101.
  • the bubble 122 separates a first buffer fluid segment 98a from a second buffer fluid segment 98b.
  • Each buffer fluid segment 98 may comprise the same buffer fluid, or a different set of materials, or chemical reactions.
  • the bubble separator 122 provides an effective barrier between the fluid segments 98a and 98b, and the fluid segments 98a and 98b can be translated or moved through the capillary tube 101 by energizing the resistive material layer 104 while at the same time using the bubble 122 to maintain the separation.
  • the bubbles 122 may be injected when the fluid 98 is injected into the capillary tube 101 or formed after the fluid 98 is injected, for example, by injecting air into the tube 101 through a one-way valve 121 located at one end of the capillary tube 101.
  • the width of the bubbles 122 may also be varied depending on the separation desired, characteristics of the fluids, etc.
  • Fig. 7 extends the mechanism of Fig. 6 to a network arrangement of capillary tubes 200 according to another aspect of the present invention.
  • the networked arrangement 200 comprises a main input capillary tube 201.
  • the main capillary tube 201 has an input port for receiving buffer fluid segments 300.
  • the buffer fluid segments 300 are denoted individually as 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314 and 315. Each of the fluid segments 300 may contain different materials or a different set of chemical reactions.
  • the buffer fluid segments 300 are separated by bubble separators (as described above) and are denoted generally by reference 320. As shown in Fig. 7, the output of the main capillary tube 201 is divided into the three capillary tube branches denoted by references 204, 206 and 208, respectively.
  • the second capillary tube 206 includes a capillary tube 214 with a different geometry.
  • the third capillary tube 208 includes four output capillary tubes denoted by references 216, 218, 220, and 222.
  • the capillary tube 222 is divided into two capillary channels 223a and 223b.
  • the successive electric energizing of each of the capillary tube branches allows the buffer fluid segments 300 to be moved within the network 200. These network components allow the fluid segments 300 to be moved anywhere within the network 200 at will.
  • each capillary tube branch 201-223 is provided with a controllable power source or control voltage input 230, indicated individually as 230a, 230b, 230c, 230d, 230e, 230f, 230g, 230h, 230i, 230j and 230k.
  • the controllable power sources or voltage inputs 230 are coupled to a controller 240 which energizes the respective capillary tube branches 201-223 to move the buffer fluid segment 300 in the respective capillary tube segment 300 utilizing the electro-osmotic flow mechanism according to the invention.
  • capillary tube branches 201, 204 and 210 are energized by the associated voltage input, i.e. 230a, 230b and 230c, while the remaining voltage inputs 230 are held off.
  • other fluid segments 300 can be moved through the network 200 under the control of the controller 240.
  • the electro-osmotic flow system 100 provides several advantages.
  • the resistive material coating 104 on the inner surface 102 of capillary tube 101 solves the problem of bubble formation and consequent interruption of the ionic current flow.
  • the resistive material coating 104 of the inner surface 102 of the capillary tube 101 provides both a continuous source of electromotive force and a continuous, uninterruptable current path for any number of buffer fluid segments within the capillary tube 101.
  • the buffer fluid segments are separated by bubble separators.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
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  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

Système et procédé à écoulement électro-osmotique. Le système comprend un tube capillaire présentant une couche de matière résistive sur la surface intérieure du tube. La couche de matière résistive est couplée à une source de tension afin de produire une chute de potentiel dans la couche. La couche résistive est en contact avec un fluide tampon injecté dans le tube et procure une chute de potentiel continue assurant un écoulement électro-osmotique interrompu du fluide dans le tube capillaire.
PCT/CA2000/000345 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Systeme et procede de pompage electro-osmotique Ceased WO2000060341A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002368785A CA2368785A1 (fr) 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Systeme et procede de pompage electro-osmotique
AU35472/00A AU3547200A (en) 1999-04-02 2000-03-31 Electro-osmotic pumping system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12753799P 1999-04-02 1999-04-02
US60/127,537 1999-04-02

Publications (1)

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WO2000060341A1 true WO2000060341A1 (fr) 2000-10-12

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002102498A1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 Martin Francis J Systeme de nanopompe
FR2848125A1 (fr) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif microfluidique dans lequel l'interface liquide/fluide est stabilisee
WO2006052882A1 (fr) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-18 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Formation de tourbillons dans des canaux fluidiques a sections d'etranglement et leurs utilisations
WO2010052387A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 ÉTAT FRANÇAIS représenté par LE DÉLÉGUÉ GÉNÉRAL POUR L'ARMEMENT Dispositif microfluidique de séparation ou de fractionnement ou de préconcentration d'analytes contenus dans un électrolyte
WO2022093468A1 (fr) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Revêtement résistif pour un capillaire

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5092972A (en) * 1990-07-12 1992-03-03 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Field-effect electroosmosis
US5180475A (en) * 1991-09-04 1993-01-19 Hewlett-Packard Company System and method for controlling electroosmotic flow
US5358618A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-10-25 The Penn State Research Foundation Capillary electrophoresis apparatus with improved electroosmotic flow control
EP0639768A2 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-22 Hewlett-Packard Company Electrophorèse capillaire utilisant des tubes traités en surface par des composés amphotériques
WO1995020157A1 (fr) * 1994-01-25 1995-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Colonnes capillaires a revetement et procedes de separation permettant d'utiliser lesdites colonnes
WO1996004547A1 (fr) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Procede et dispositif de realisation de manipulations microfluides a des fins d'analyse et de synthese chimique
EP0708329A1 (fr) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-24 Hewlett-Packard Company Appareil d'électrophorèse capillaire et sa méthode
WO1996022151A1 (fr) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-25 Dionex Corporation Procedes et appareils pour la gestion, les mesures et le controle en temps reel de flux electro-osmotique
US5992820A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-11-30 Sarnoff Corporation Flow control in microfluidics devices by controlled bubble formation

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5092972A (en) * 1990-07-12 1992-03-03 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Field-effect electroosmosis
US5180475A (en) * 1991-09-04 1993-01-19 Hewlett-Packard Company System and method for controlling electroosmotic flow
US5358618A (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-10-25 The Penn State Research Foundation Capillary electrophoresis apparatus with improved electroosmotic flow control
EP0639768A2 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-22 Hewlett-Packard Company Electrophorèse capillaire utilisant des tubes traités en surface par des composés amphotériques
WO1995020157A1 (fr) * 1994-01-25 1995-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Colonnes capillaires a revetement et procedes de separation permettant d'utiliser lesdites colonnes
WO1996004547A1 (fr) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-15 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Procede et dispositif de realisation de manipulations microfluides a des fins d'analyse et de synthese chimique
EP0708329A1 (fr) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-24 Hewlett-Packard Company Appareil d'électrophorèse capillaire et sa méthode
WO1996022151A1 (fr) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-25 Dionex Corporation Procedes et appareils pour la gestion, les mesures et le controle en temps reel de flux electro-osmotique
US5992820A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-11-30 Sarnoff Corporation Flow control in microfluidics devices by controlled bubble formation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SEILER K ET AL: "ELECTROSMOTIC PUMPING AND VALVELESS CONTROL OF FLUID FLOW WITHIN A MANIFOLD OF CAPILLARIES ON A GLASS CHIP", ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY,US,AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. COLUMBUS, vol. 66, no. 20, 15 October 1994 (1994-10-15), pages 3485 - 3491, XP000478750, ISSN: 0003-2700 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002102498A1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 Martin Francis J Systeme de nanopompe
FR2848125A1 (fr) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif microfluidique dans lequel l'interface liquide/fluide est stabilisee
WO2004052542A1 (fr) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Dispositif microfluidique dans lequel l'interface liquide/fluide est stabilisee
US7591936B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2009-09-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Microfluidic device wherein the liquid/fluid interface is stabilized
WO2006052882A1 (fr) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-18 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Formation de tourbillons dans des canaux fluidiques a sections d'etranglement et leurs utilisations
WO2010052387A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 ÉTAT FRANÇAIS représenté par LE DÉLÉGUÉ GÉNÉRAL POUR L'ARMEMENT Dispositif microfluidique de séparation ou de fractionnement ou de préconcentration d'analytes contenus dans un électrolyte
US8715475B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2014-05-06 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Microfluidic device for separating, fractionating, or preconcentrating analytes contained in an electrolyte
WO2022093468A1 (fr) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Revêtement résistif pour un capillaire
US12467135B2 (en) 2020-10-30 2025-11-11 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Resistive coating for a capillary

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3547200A (en) 2000-10-23
CA2368785A1 (fr) 2000-10-12

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