WO2000050812A1 - Firing device for biomass, especially wood pellets - Google Patents
Firing device for biomass, especially wood pellets Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000050812A1 WO2000050812A1 PCT/AT2000/000048 AT0000048W WO0050812A1 WO 2000050812 A1 WO2000050812 A1 WO 2000050812A1 AT 0000048 W AT0000048 W AT 0000048W WO 0050812 A1 WO0050812 A1 WO 0050812A1
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- grate
- zone
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- firing
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
- F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/20—Waste supply
Definitions
- Firing device for biomass in particular wood pellets
- the invention relates to a firing device for biomass, in particular wood pellets, with a combustion chamber which has a grate for forming an ember bed, above the grate a loading opening for the approach of a backfire-protected loading device and a fill level sensor for controlling the loading device.
- these firing devices are equipped with brazier-shaped grates that from the side or from below with biomass as fuel, so with compressed wood pellets, but also with wood chips, wood chips and.
- Biomass is a long-flame fuel and requires long burnout distances and hot firing temperatures, which means that complex equipment with fireclaying and flame compression, swirling and long flue gas flues is required.
- the primary air introduced into the biomass leads to a pre-combustion and the rising combustion gases are released from the exhaust air by a secondary air fire paths undergo post-combustion, the primary air-related excess air, especially in part-load operation, not allowing high C0 2 values and therefore no higher efficiencies to be achieved.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and of creating a firing device of the type described at the outset, which allows environmentally friendly combustion of biomass with a comparatively high degree of efficiency in a relatively inexpensive manner.
- the invention solves this problem in that the furnace is divided by the grate into an upper loading zone and a lower combustion zone, that above the grate in the loading zone air nozzles for a primary air exposure to the ember bed and in the grate area and / or below the Grate in the combustion zone. Air openings for secondary air exposure to the combustion gases open out and that the combustion gases can be discharged in the fall fire process from above from the charging zone through the grate into the lower combustion zone and from the combustion zone into a subsequent flue gas flue of a heat exchanger, a temperature sensor preferably serving as a level sensor, Via which the loading device can be controlled as a function of the temperature in the loading zone by means of a controller.
- the flame paths can be shortened considerably and reach high flame temperatures.
- a short-flame CO fuel gas is produced Short burnout path, which fuel gases flow through the ember bed and burn to C0 2 , which is converted into 2CO with the available carbon and is subject to full combustion at temperatures up to 1600 ° C when exiting into the combustion zone through the secondary air supply.
- the oxygen from the primary air supply is completely used up during the flow through the ember bed to maintain the gasification or combustion process, which ensures a high CO 2 content, which is dependent solely on the amount of secondary air, even in part-load operation.
- the height of the air nozzles for the primary air admission and the admission quantity can be changed for a given grate size and the biomass supply and the primary air quantity are varied for the pre-determination of individual output levels, such as full load and part load.
- the automatic loading control with constant power requirement is preferably carried out via a temperature sensor as a level sensor, which controls the loading device and thus the ember bed height by means of a controller.
- the charging device is activated. If there is too much fuel, the ember bed radiation is shielded and the circulating fuel gases are cooled by the higher amount of fuel, so that the charging device is stopped when the temperature falls below a corresponding threshold.
- the temperature sensor and the controller can therefore be used to set a certain fuel level that corresponds to the combustion process.
- the fuel gases circulating in the feed zone heat and dry the fuel, which compensates for different evaporation times of the water contained in the fuel.
- the furnace has a double jacket with radially inwardly directed air nozzles for primary and / or secondary air guidance, whereby primary or secondary air can be preheated and on the other hand, the jacket is cooled.
- the primary air flowing out of the radially aligned air nozzles sweeps across the entire ember bed and ensures even gasification of the fuel.
- the grate consists of a hollow body, the flow-connected cavity of which is connected to the secondary air supply via air openings, there is also a corresponding cooling for the grate with simultaneous preheating of the secondary air, whereby the service life of the despite the quite high thermal grate loads Rust can be increased.
- the arrangement of the air openings in the grate also allows the secondary air supply to be matched to the fuel gases flowing through the grate, so that the best combustion conditions can be achieved.
- an agitator with the grate surface along movable agitator arms is provided in the loading zone, since with the aid of this agitator the gasification process is evened out and the fuel on the grate can be loosened and mixed.
- the agitator arms additionally facilitate the ash removal of the embers down through the grate, the agitator drive, which sets the agitator arms in continuous operation or intermittently or only when required, will be arranged outside the combustion chamber. It would also be entirely possible to combine the agitator drive with the feed device drive.
- the jacket of the combustion chamber in the height region of the grate or the stirring arms has a cleaning opening for grate cleaning, contaminations of the fuel, such as stones or metal parts, can be removed through this cleaning opening.
- the furnace together with the associated facilities forms a prefabricated installation unit, since this installation unit can be used as a heat generator and the possibility similar to an oil or gas burner in a corresponding boiler or the like consists of retrofitting various boilers or other heat exchangers with these installation units.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a firing device according to the invention in vertical section or in horizontal section
- FIG. 3 shows a boiler equipped with the firing device according to the invention in vertical section.
- a firing device 1 for heating wood pellets consists of a firing chamber 2, which receives a grate 3 to form an ember bed and is divided by the grate 3 into an upper loading zone 4 and a lower firing zone 5.
- a loading opening 6 for the gas-tight attachment of a loading device 7, which is only indicated with its feed channel and which comprises a cellular wheel sluice 8 as a backfire protection.
- a temperature sensor 9 is provided in the charging zone 4, which controls the charging device 7 as a function of the temperatures in the charging zone 4 by means of a controller (not shown further).
- the furnace 2 comprises a double jacket 10 with radially inwardly directed air nozzles 11 above the grate 3, which double jacket 10 is connected via a connecting piece 12 to a pressure blower 13 for the primary air supply to the loading zone 4 or the embers bed formed on the grate 3.
- the double jacket area 14 located below the grate 3 is separated from the rest of the double jacket 10 and connected via a feed line 15 to a pressure blower 16 for the secondary air supply, the grate 3 consisting of a hollow body 17, the cavity 18 of which is in flow connection with the double jacket area 14 via lateral access openings 19 stands and opens out into the combustion zone 5 via air openings 20, so that secondary air can flow into the combustion zone 5 via the pressure blower 16, the feed line 15, the double jacket region 14 and the grate cavity 18, where it combines with the combustion gases penetrating through the grate holes 31.
- an agitator 21 with the grate surface along movable agitator arms 22 is arranged, which agitator arms 22 can be actuated via a drive 23 located outside the combustion chamber 2.
- a cleaning opening 24 provided in the double jacket 10 of the combustion chamber 2 allows access to the grate in the area of the agitator for cleaning purposes.
- the furnace 2 together with the associated facilities, such as grate 3, primary and secondary air routing, agitator 21, loading device 7 and temperature sensor 9 u.
- a prefabricated installation unit 25 which can be used rationally in a boiler 26 or another heat exchanger and with the resulting combustion gases, which lead to the fire from the top down through the boiler combustion chamber 27 and the subsequent upward flue gas flues 28 to the flue gas outlet 29 , the water jacket 30 of the boiler 26 is heated, baffle plates 32 or the like. deflection devices can be provided in the combustion chamber to intensify the heat exchange.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Feuerungsvorrichtung für Biomasse, insbesondere HolzpelletsFiring device for biomass, in particular wood pellets
Technisches GebietTechnical field
[0001] Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Feuerungsvorrichtung für Biomasse, insbesondere Holzpellets, mit einem Feuerungsraum, der einen Rost zur Ausbildung eines Glutbettes, oberhalb des Rostes eine Beschickungsöffnung zum Ansatz einer rückbrandgesicherten Beschickungseinrichtung und einen Füllstandsgeber zur Regelung der Beschickungseinrichtung aufweist.The invention relates to a firing device for biomass, in particular wood pellets, with a combustion chamber which has a grate for forming an ember bed, above the grate a loading opening for the approach of a backfire-protected loading device and a fill level sensor for controlling the loading device.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
[0002] Bisher sind diese Feuerungsvorrichtungen mit brennschalenförmigen Rosten ausgestattet, die von der Seite her oder von unten mit Biomasse als Brennstoff, also mit verpreßten Holzpellets, aber auch mit Hackschnitzeln, Holzspänen u. dgl., beschickt und von unten primärluftbeaufschlagt werden. Biomasse ist ein langflammiger Brennstoff und benötigt lange Ausbrandwege und heiße Brenntemperaturen, wodurch an den Feuerungsraum anschließende aufwendige Einrichtungen mit Schamottierungen und Flammverdichtungen, Verwirbelungen und langen Rauchgaszügen erforderlich sind. Die in die Biomasse eingeleitete Primärluft führt zu einer Vorverbrennung und die aufsteigenden Brenngase werden durch eine Sekundärluftbeaufschlagung innerhalb der Aus- brandwege einer Nachverbrennung unterzogen, wobei der primärluftbedingte Luftüberschuß vor allem im Teillastbetrieb keine hohen C02-Werte und damit keine höheren Wirkungsgrade zu erreichen erlaubt. Bei wechselnden Wassergehalten des Brennstoffes kommt es zudem durch die unterschiedlichen Ver- dampfungszeiten des Wassers zur Gefahr eines Unter- bzw. Überfüllens des Rostes bei gleicher Leistungsanforderung und nicht zuletzt können die Anforderungen hinsichtlich niedriger Emissionswerte wegen der zu geringen Flammentemperaturen kaum erfüllt werden.So far, these firing devices are equipped with brazier-shaped grates that from the side or from below with biomass as fuel, so with compressed wood pellets, but also with wood chips, wood chips and. Like., Be loaded and primary air from below. Biomass is a long-flame fuel and requires long burnout distances and hot firing temperatures, which means that complex equipment with fireclaying and flame compression, swirling and long flue gas flues is required. The primary air introduced into the biomass leads to a pre-combustion and the rising combustion gases are released from the exhaust air by a secondary air fire paths undergo post-combustion, the primary air-related excess air, especially in part-load operation, not allowing high C0 2 values and therefore no higher efficiencies to be achieved. If the water content of the fuel changes, the different evaporation times of the water also lead to the risk of the grate being underfilled or overfilled with the same performance requirement and, last but not least, the requirements with regard to low emission values can hardly be met due to the flame temperatures being too low.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
[0003] Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und eine Feuerungsvorrichtung der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, die auf verhältnismäßig aufwandsarme Weise ein umweltfreundliches Verbren- nen von Biomasse mit vergleichsweise hohem Wirkungsgrad erlaubt.The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and of creating a firing device of the type described at the outset, which allows environmentally friendly combustion of biomass with a comparatively high degree of efficiency in a relatively inexpensive manner.
[0004] Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß der Feuerungsraum durch den Rost in eine obere Beschickungszone und eine untere Brennzone unterteilt ist, daß oberhalb des Rostes in die Beschickungszone Luftdüsen für eine Primär- luftbeaufschlagung des Glutbettes und im Rostbereich und/oder unterhalb des Rostes in die Brennzone Luftöffnungen für eine Sekundärluftbeaufschlagung der Brenngase ausmünden und daß die Brenngase im Sturzbrandverfahren von oben aus der Beschickungszone durch den Rost in die untere Brennzone und von der Brennzone in einen anschließenden Rauchgaszug eines Wärmetauschers ableitbar sind, wobei vorzugsweise als Füllstandsgeber ein Temperaturfühler dient, über den die Beschickungseinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur in der Beschickungszone mittels eines Reglers ansteuerbar ist.The invention solves this problem in that the furnace is divided by the grate into an upper loading zone and a lower combustion zone, that above the grate in the loading zone air nozzles for a primary air exposure to the ember bed and in the grate area and / or below the Grate in the combustion zone. Air openings for secondary air exposure to the combustion gases open out and that the combustion gases can be discharged in the fall fire process from above from the charging zone through the grate into the lower combustion zone and from the combustion zone into a subsequent flue gas flue of a heat exchanger, a temperature sensor preferably serving as a level sensor, Via which the loading device can be controlled as a function of the temperature in the loading zone by means of a controller.
[0005] Durch die Aufteilung des Feuerungsraumes in eine obere Beschickungs- zone und eine untere Brennzone und die Verbrennungsführung im Sturzbrandverfahren von oben nach unten, wobei für die entsprechenden Druckverhältnisse Druck- und/oder Sauggebläse eingesetzt werden können, lassen sich die Flammwege wesentlich verkürzen und hohe Flammtemperaturen erreichen. Es entsteht statt eines langflammigen Brenngases ein kurzflammiges CO-Brenngas mit kurzem Ausbrandweg, welche Brenngase durch das Glutbett strömen und zu C02 verbrennen, das mit dem vorhandenen Kohlenstoff in 2CO umgewandelt wird und beim Austritt in die Brennzone durch die Sekundärluftzufuhr einer Vollverbrennung mit Temperaturen bis zu 1600° C unterliegt. Der Sauerstoff aus der Primär- luftbeaufschlagung wird während des Durchströmens des Glutbettes zur Aufrechterhaltung des Vergasungs- bzw. Verbrennungsprozesses vollständig aufgebraucht, wodurch auch im Teillastbetrieb ein hoher, allein von der Sekundärluftmenge abhängiger CO2-Gehalt sichergestellt ist. Zur Regelung der Heizleistung lassen sich bei gegebener Rostgröße die Höhenlage der Luftdüsen zur Pri- märluftbeaufschlagung und die Beaufschlagungsmenge ändern und für die Vorbestimmung einzelner Leistungsstufen, wie Vollast und Teillast, werden die Biomassezufuhr und die Primärluftmenge variiert. Die automatische Beschik- kungsregelung bei gleichbleibender Leistungsanforderung erfolgt vorzugsweise über einen Temperaturfühler als Füllstandsgeber, der mittels eines Reglers die Beschickungseinrichtung und damit die Glutbetthöhe regelt. Ist beispielsweise zu wenig Brennstoff in der Beschickungszone, erhöhen die Strahlung des Glutbettes und die im Trocknungsbereich oberhalb des Glutbettes auf Grund der einströmenden Primärluft zirkulierenden heißen Brenngase die Temperatur in der Beschickungszone und bei Überschreiten einer entsprechenden Temperatur- schwelle wird die Beschickungseinrichtung aktiviert. Ist zuviel Brennstoff vorhanden, wird die Glutbettstrahlung abgeschirmt und die zirkulierenden Brenngase werden durch die höhere Brennstoffmenge abgekühlt, so daß bei Unterschreiten einer entsprechenden Temperaturschwelle die Beschickungseinrichtung angehalten wird. Mittels des Temperaturfühlers und des Reglers läßt sich daher eine bestimmte Brennstoffhöhe einrichten, die dem Verbrennungsvorgang entspricht. Die in der Beschickungszone zirkulierenden Brenngase erwärmen und trocknen den Brennstoff, wodurch unterschiedliche Verdampfungszeiten des im Brennstoff enthaltenen Wassers ausgeglichen werden. Bei eingestellter Heizleistung kommt es daher zu einer automatischen Beschickung des Rostes, die genau an den jeweiligen Vergasungs- bzw. Verbrennungsprozeß angepaßt ist.By dividing the combustion chamber into an upper loading zone and a lower combustion zone and the combustion management in the fall-fire process from top to bottom, whereby pressure and / or suction fans can be used for the corresponding pressure conditions, the flame paths can be shortened considerably and reach high flame temperatures. Instead of a long-flame fuel gas, a short-flame CO fuel gas is produced Short burnout path, which fuel gases flow through the ember bed and burn to C0 2 , which is converted into 2CO with the available carbon and is subject to full combustion at temperatures up to 1600 ° C when exiting into the combustion zone through the secondary air supply. The oxygen from the primary air supply is completely used up during the flow through the ember bed to maintain the gasification or combustion process, which ensures a high CO 2 content, which is dependent solely on the amount of secondary air, even in part-load operation. In order to regulate the heating output, the height of the air nozzles for the primary air admission and the admission quantity can be changed for a given grate size and the biomass supply and the primary air quantity are varied for the pre-determination of individual output levels, such as full load and part load. The automatic loading control with constant power requirement is preferably carried out via a temperature sensor as a level sensor, which controls the loading device and thus the ember bed height by means of a controller. If, for example, there is too little fuel in the charging zone, the radiation from the ember bed and the hot fuel gases circulating in the drying area above the ember bed increase the temperature in the charging zone due to the inflowing primary air and if a corresponding temperature threshold is exceeded, the charging device is activated. If there is too much fuel, the ember bed radiation is shielded and the circulating fuel gases are cooled by the higher amount of fuel, so that the charging device is stopped when the temperature falls below a corresponding threshold. The temperature sensor and the controller can therefore be used to set a certain fuel level that corresponds to the combustion process. The fuel gases circulating in the feed zone heat and dry the fuel, which compensates for different evaporation times of the water contained in the fuel. When the heating power is set, there is therefore an automatic loading of the grate, which is precisely adapted to the respective gasification or combustion process.
[0006] Vorteilhafterweise weist der Feuerungsraum einen Doppelmantel mit radial einwärts gerichteten Luftdüsen zur Primär- und/oder Sekundärluftführung auf, wodurch einerseits Primär- bzw. Sekundärluft vorgewärmt werden kann und anderseits eine Kühlung des Mantels erfolgt. Außerdem überstreicht die aus den radial ausgerichteten Luftdüsen ausströmende Primärluft das gesamte Glutbett und sorgt für eine gleichmäßige Vergasung des Brennstoffes.Advantageously, the furnace has a double jacket with radially inwardly directed air nozzles for primary and / or secondary air guidance, whereby primary or secondary air can be preheated and on the other hand, the jacket is cooled. In addition, the primary air flowing out of the radially aligned air nozzles sweeps across the entire ember bed and ensures even gasification of the fuel.
[0007] Besteht der Rost aus einem Hohlkörper, dessen über Luftöffnungen mit der Brennzone strömungsverbundener Hohlraum an die Sekundärluftzufuhr angeschlossen ist, kommt es auch für den Rost zu einer entsprechenden Kühlung unter gleichzeitiger Vorwärmung der Sekundärluft, wodurch trotz der recht hohen thermischen Rostbelastungen die Standzeiten des Rostes gesteigert werden können. Durch die Anordnung der Luftöffnungen im Rost läßt sich auch die Sekundärluftzufuhr auf die den Rost durchströmenden Brenngase abstimmen, so daß beste Verbrennungsverhältnisse zu erreichen sind.If the grate consists of a hollow body, the flow-connected cavity of which is connected to the secondary air supply via air openings, there is also a corresponding cooling for the grate with simultaneous preheating of the secondary air, whereby the service life of the despite the quite high thermal grate loads Rust can be increased. The arrangement of the air openings in the grate also allows the secondary air supply to be matched to the fuel gases flowing through the grate, so that the best combustion conditions can be achieved.
[0008] Besonders vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn in der Beschickungszone ein Rührwerk mit der Rostoberfläche entlang bewegbaren Rührarmen vorgesehen ist, da mit Hilfe dieses Rührwerkes der Vergasungsvorgang vergleichmäßigt und der Brennstoff auf dem Rost gelockert und durchmischt werden kann. Außerdem erleichtern die Rührarme zusätzlich die Entaschung des Glutbettes nach unten durch den Rost hindurch, wobei der Rührwerksantrieb, der die Rührarme im Dauerbetrieb oder taktweise oder nur bedarfsweise in Drehung versetzt, außerhalb des Feuerungsraumes angeordnet sein wird. Es wäre dabei auch durchaus möglich, den Rührwerksantrieb mit dem Antrieb der Beschickungseinrichtung zu kombinieren.It is also particularly advantageous if an agitator with the grate surface along movable agitator arms is provided in the loading zone, since with the aid of this agitator the gasification process is evened out and the fuel on the grate can be loosened and mixed. In addition, the agitator arms additionally facilitate the ash removal of the embers down through the grate, the agitator drive, which sets the agitator arms in continuous operation or intermittently or only when required, will be arranged outside the combustion chamber. It would also be entirely possible to combine the agitator drive with the feed device drive.
[0009] Weist der Mantel des Feuerungsraumes im Höhenbereich des Rostes bzw. der Rührarme eine Reinigungsöffnung zur Rostreinigung auf, können Verunreinigungen des Brennstoffes, wie Steine oder Metallteile, durch diese Reinigungsöffnung entfernt werden.If the jacket of the combustion chamber in the height region of the grate or the stirring arms has a cleaning opening for grate cleaning, contaminations of the fuel, such as stones or metal parts, can be removed through this cleaning opening.
[0010] Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn der Feuerungsraum samt den zugehörigen Einrichtungen eine vorfertigbare Einbaueinheit bildet, da sich diese Einbaueinheit dann ähnlich wie ein Öl- oder Gasbrenner in einen entsprechenden Heizkessel od. dgl. als Wärmeerzeuger einsetzen läßt und die Möglichkeit besteht, verschiedene Kessel oder andere Wärmetauscher auch nachträglich mit diesen Einbaueinheiten zu bestücken.It is particularly useful if the furnace together with the associated facilities forms a prefabricated installation unit, since this installation unit can be used as a heat generator and the possibility similar to an oil or gas burner in a corresponding boiler or the like consists of retrofitting various boilers or other heat exchangers with these installation units.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
[0011] In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispieles rein schematisch veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigen Fig. 1 und 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Feuerungsvorrichtung im Vertikalschnitt bzw. im Horizontalschnitt und die Fig. 3 einen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerungsvorrichtung ausgestatteten Heizkessel im Vertikalschnitt.In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is illustrated purely schematically using an exemplary embodiment, and that FIGS. 1 and 2 show a firing device according to the invention in vertical section or in horizontal section and FIG. 3 shows a boiler equipped with the firing device according to the invention in vertical section.
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
[0012] Eine Feuerungsvorrichtung 1 zum Verheizen von Holzpellets besteht aus einem Feuerungsraum 2, der einen Rost 3 zur Ausbildung eines Glutbettes aufnimmt und durch den Rost 3 in eine obere Beschickungszone 4 und eine untere Brennzone 5 unterteilt ist. Oberhalb des Rostes 3 ist eine Beschickungsöffnung 6 zum gasdichten Ansatz einer nur mit ihrem Zuführkanal angedeuteten Beschickungseinrichtung 7 vorgesehen, die als Rückbrandsicherung eine Zellradschleuse 8 umfaßt. Zur Regelung der Beschickungseinrichtung 7 ist in der Beschickungszone 4 ein Temperaturfühler 9 vorgesehen, der mittels eines nicht weiter dargestellten Reglers die Beschickungseinrichtung 7 in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturen in der Beschickungszone 4 ansteuert.A firing device 1 for heating wood pellets consists of a firing chamber 2, which receives a grate 3 to form an ember bed and is divided by the grate 3 into an upper loading zone 4 and a lower firing zone 5. Above the grate 3 there is a loading opening 6 for the gas-tight attachment of a loading device 7, which is only indicated with its feed channel and which comprises a cellular wheel sluice 8 as a backfire protection. To regulate the charging device 7, a temperature sensor 9 is provided in the charging zone 4, which controls the charging device 7 as a function of the temperatures in the charging zone 4 by means of a controller (not shown further).
[0013] Der Feuerungsraum 2 umfaßt einen Doppelmantel 10 mit radial einwärts gerichteten Luftdüsen 11 oberhalb des Rostes 3, welcher Doppelmantel 10 über einen Anschlußstutzen 12 an ein Druckgebläse 13 zur Primarluftbeaufschlagung der Beschickungszone 4 bzw. des sich auf dem Rost 3 bildenden Glutbettes angeschlossen ist. Der unterhalb des Rostes 3 liegende Doppelmantelbereich 14 ist vom übrigen Doppelmantel 10 getrennt und über eine Zuleitung 15 an ein Druckgebläse 16 zur Sekundärluftbeaufschlagung angeschlossen, wobei der Rost 3 aus einem Hohlkörper 17 besteht, dessen Hohlraum 18 über seitliche Zutrittsöffnungen 19 mit dem Doppelmantelbereich 14 in Strömungsverbindung steht und über Luftöffnungen 20 in die Brennzone 5 ausmündet, so daß Sekundärluft über das Druckgebläse 16, die Zuleitung 15, den Doppelmantelbereich 14 und den Rosthohlraum 18 in die Brennzone 5 einströmen kann, wo sie sich mit den durch die Rostlöcher 31 eindringenden Brenngasen vereinigt.The furnace 2 comprises a double jacket 10 with radially inwardly directed air nozzles 11 above the grate 3, which double jacket 10 is connected via a connecting piece 12 to a pressure blower 13 for the primary air supply to the loading zone 4 or the embers bed formed on the grate 3. The double jacket area 14 located below the grate 3 is separated from the rest of the double jacket 10 and connected via a feed line 15 to a pressure blower 16 for the secondary air supply, the grate 3 consisting of a hollow body 17, the cavity 18 of which is in flow connection with the double jacket area 14 via lateral access openings 19 stands and opens out into the combustion zone 5 via air openings 20, so that secondary air can flow into the combustion zone 5 via the pressure blower 16, the feed line 15, the double jacket region 14 and the grate cavity 18, where it combines with the combustion gases penetrating through the grate holes 31.
[0014] In der Beschickungszone 4 ist ein Rührwerk 21 mit der Rostoberfläche entlang bewegbaren Rührarmen 22 angeordnet, welche Rührarme 22 über einen außerhalb des Feuerungsraumes 2 liegenden Antrieb 23 betätigbar sind. Eine irn Doppelmantel 10 des Feuerungsraumes 2 vorgesehene Reinigungsöffnung 24 erlaubt den Zugang zum Rost im Bereich des Rührwerkes zu Reinigungszwecken.In the loading zone 4, an agitator 21 with the grate surface along movable agitator arms 22 is arranged, which agitator arms 22 can be actuated via a drive 23 located outside the combustion chamber 2. A cleaning opening 24 provided in the double jacket 10 of the combustion chamber 2 allows access to the grate in the area of the agitator for cleaning purposes.
[0015] Der Feuerungsraum 2 samt den zugehörigen Einrichtungen, wie Rost 3, Primär- und Sekundärluftführung, Rührwerk 21 , Beschickungseinrichtung 7 und Temperaturfühler 9 u. dgl., bilden eine vorgefertigte Einbaueinheit 25, die sich rationell in einen Heizkessel 26 oder einen anderen Wärmetauscher einsetzen läßt und mit den entstehenden Verbrennungsgasen, die im Sturzbrandverfahren von oben nach unten durch den Kesselbrennraum 27 und die anschließenden aufwärts führenden Rauchgaszüge 28 zum Rauchgasabzug 29 führen, den Wassermantel 30 des Kessels 26 erwärmt, wobei im Brennraum zur Intensivierung des Wärmeaustausches Prallplatten 32 od. dgl. Umlenkeinrichtungen vorgesehen sein können. The furnace 2 together with the associated facilities, such as grate 3, primary and secondary air routing, agitator 21, loading device 7 and temperature sensor 9 u. Like., Form a prefabricated installation unit 25, which can be used rationally in a boiler 26 or another heat exchanger and with the resulting combustion gases, which lead to the fire from the top down through the boiler combustion chamber 27 and the subsequent upward flue gas flues 28 to the flue gas outlet 29 , the water jacket 30 of the boiler 26 is heated, baffle plates 32 or the like. deflection devices can be provided in the combustion chamber to intensify the heat exchange.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU28948/00A AU2894800A (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-02-23 | Firing device for biomass, especially wood pellets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT30499A AT407082B (en) | 1999-02-23 | 1999-02-23 | COMBUSTION DEVICE FOR BIOMASS, IN PARTICULAR WOOD PELLETS |
| ATA304/99 | 1999-02-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000050812A1 true WO2000050812A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
Family
ID=3487013
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2000/000048 Ceased WO2000050812A1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-02-23 | Firing device for biomass, especially wood pellets |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT407082B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2894800A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000050812A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006001299A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Eckhart Weber | Wood pellet combined heat and power plant with Stirling engine in condensing technology |
| WO2013002746A3 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-10-10 | Emsa Enerji Madencilik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Automatically controlled hot water and steam unit burning bituminous schist and coal with hydrogen and/or air |
| WO2013178198A1 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | Flamet S.R.O. | Downdraft vertical pellet burning equipment |
| WO2013086556A3 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-01-23 | Fröling Heizkessel- und Behälterbau Ges.m.b.H. | Heating boiler for granular fuels |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60253713A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-14 | Ebara Corp | Method of detecting level of object to be burnt in incinerator |
| EP0214010A1 (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-03-11 | CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc. | Burner with a gasifying stage for a heating device, and heating device comprising such a burner |
| DE3617146C1 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-11-26 | Stahl Und Appbau Josef Schuste | Solid-fuel boiler |
| EP0356697A2 (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-03-07 | OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO S.p.A. | Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels |
| US4976209A (en) * | 1986-10-11 | 1990-12-11 | Erithglen Limited | Furnaces for incinerating waste material |
| EP0882931A2 (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-09 | Wodtke GmbH | Method and device for the combustion of wood pellets or other free-flowing solid fuels |
-
1999
- 1999-02-23 AT AT30499A patent/AT407082B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-23 AU AU28948/00A patent/AU2894800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-23 WO PCT/AT2000/000048 patent/WO2000050812A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60253713A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-14 | Ebara Corp | Method of detecting level of object to be burnt in incinerator |
| EP0214010A1 (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-03-11 | CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc. | Burner with a gasifying stage for a heating device, and heating device comprising such a burner |
| DE3617146C1 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-11-26 | Stahl Und Appbau Josef Schuste | Solid-fuel boiler |
| US4976209A (en) * | 1986-10-11 | 1990-12-11 | Erithglen Limited | Furnaces for incinerating waste material |
| EP0356697A2 (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-03-07 | OFFICINE MECCANICHE FERRERO S.p.A. | Staged down draught combustion device for alternative fuels |
| EP0882931A2 (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-09 | Wodtke GmbH | Method and device for the combustion of wood pellets or other free-flowing solid fuels |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 126 (M - 477) 10 May 1986 (1986-05-10) * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006001299A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Eckhart Weber | Wood pellet combined heat and power plant with Stirling engine in condensing technology |
| WO2013002746A3 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-10-10 | Emsa Enerji Madencilik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Automatically controlled hot water and steam unit burning bituminous schist and coal with hydrogen and/or air |
| WO2013086556A3 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-01-23 | Fröling Heizkessel- und Behälterbau Ges.m.b.H. | Heating boiler for granular fuels |
| WO2013178198A1 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | Flamet S.R.O. | Downdraft vertical pellet burning equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA30499A (en) | 2000-04-15 |
| AT407082B (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| AU2894800A (en) | 2000-09-14 |
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