WO2000041971A1 - Deep sea water desalination method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for deep sea water desalination. The system consists of a purification and desalination device which includes several tubular purification and desalination units; and a desalted water storage and conveying means. The means includes a storage tank, pumps by which the desalted water is extracted, water level and pressure sensors, a pipe which is communicated with atmosphere, and a pipeline. The system is installed in the deep sea. The sea water is desalinated by utilizing pressure difference between the surface sea water and the deep sea water. The deep sea water pressure and atmorpheric pressure are applied to the reverse osmotic membrane module. The desalted water from the purification and desalination device is conveyed to a storage tank in the sea, then is pumped via a pipeline to a surface extraction point. The deslated water of the invention is not contaminated. The sea water can be sufficiently desalinated.

Description

 Deep sea water desalination and extraction method and desalination system TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

 The present invention relates to seawater desalination and extraction technology, and in particular, to a method and a desalination system for seawater desalination and extraction in deep sea areas. Technical background of the invention

 Recently, the degree of pollution of seawater has become more and more serious, especially its bacteria, organic compounds, mineral oils, suspended particulate matter, etc. in the offshore area and the surface seawater have affected the sanitary quality of the seawater, which is not conducive to human desalination and drinking, and has prevented valuable fish and shrimp Normal growth and development, and the cost of desalination increased during the process of desalination, the discharge of thick liquid caused environmental pollution on land and offshore.

 Deep seawater is nutrient-rich and less polluted. Deep seawater refers to seawater deeper than 200 meters from the surface of the ocean. It is difficult to see sunlight in the depths of the sea, and it has low temperature and few bacteria. Therefore, the decomposition rate of organic matter is much higher than the synthetic rate. In the process of large-scale decomposition of the ground, rich nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrients are produced. The deep seawater of the ocean is used or supplied to humans for use as health food, as well as the production of new foods, the cultivation of precious fish and shrimp, and the provision of beauty cosmetics. Great economic benefits and development prospects.

 Existing technologies for extracting shallow seawater from land for desalination. One is the extraction of polluted offshore surface water, which contains a lot of suspended solids, sediment, and contaminated compounds. It requires investment in a large amount of pretreatment equipment and occupies a large amount. For the land, manpower, drugs, and electricity need to be invested during the operation. Second, pressure separation is required during the desalination process. The desalination rate is only 30% ~ 50%, which consumes a large amount of power and electricity. Third, the desalination process requires Discharging 50% to 70% of concentrated water not only wastes transportation costs, electricity costs, pretreatment costs, etc., but also pollutes the environment, including the coastal environment. Brief description of the invention

 An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for deep sea water desalination and extraction, which can desalinate and extract unpolluted sea water in the deep sea without pollution during processing.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved deep-sea desalination system, which can desalinate and extract unpolluted seawater in the deep sea, and has a simple structure, low processing cost, and no pollution during processing.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Provided is a method for desalination and extraction of deep sea water, which utilizes the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure at sea level and the pressure of deep sea water column to make deep sea water permeate through the filtration and purification layer and desalination layer in the desalination system. The fresh water communication pipe and the water storage container in the storage and conveying control system are boosted by the pump, and output to the sea surface for filling through the water pipe.

 In the deep-sea seawater desalination and extraction method, the pressure difference in the desalination system is maintained by an atmospheric communication pipe and a water delivery pipe.

 In the deep sea seawater desalination and extraction method, the water level and pressure in the desalination system are transmitted to a sea surface monitoring station through a water level and pressure sensor.

 In addition, a deep-sea desalination system is also provided, which includes a purification and desalination device and a fresh water storage and transportation control device; the purification and desalination device includes a main body frame, a purification and desalination pipe installed on the main body frame, and a fresh water communication pipe connected thereto. And a fresh water output pipe; the fresh water storage and transportation control device includes a water storage container and a container frame connected to the fresh water output pipe, a fresh water pump for pumping the water, a water level and pressure sensor that senses water level and pressure, and an atmospheric communication pipe, And a water conveyance pipe; the purification and desalination device and the freshwater storage and transportation control device are both installed in the deep sea, and the pressure difference between the deep sea water pressure and the atmospheric pressure above the sea level is used as the reverse osmosis power, so that the deep sea water penetrates into the purification and desalination device, and is desalinated The deep sea water is input into the water storage container, and the desalinated water is lifted and output to the sea surface by a pump.

 In the deep-sea desalination system, the purification desalination tube is made of a porous material, a support layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the purification desalination tube, a desalination layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the support layer, and The outer layer of the desalination layer is covered with a filter purification layer. The purification desalination tube bears the pressure of deep seawater, which makes it easier for deep seawater to penetrate into the pipe and desalinate.

 In the deep-sea desalination system, a pair of cables or booms are used to suspend between the purification and desalination device and the freshwater storage and transportation control device to form an upper and lower arrangement, and then another pair of cables or booms are anchored to the sea surface ship. On or on a fixed platform above the sea.

 In the deep-sea desalination system, the purification and desalination device and the freshwater storage and transportation control device are arranged side by side in the deep sea, communicate through a freshwater communication pipe, and are anchored on a sea surface ship or a fixed platform on the sea surface by a cable or a boom.

釆 The method of the present invention can be used for desalination and development of deep-sea water. After the deep-sea water is desalinated and extracted on the land, it can be directly taken out, or it can be added to various foods and beverages as supplements for nutrition and health care. The invention has no pollution during processing and has a high desalination rate. The deep sea desalination system of the present invention has the following advantages:

 Save electricity

 The desalination system utilizes the natural pressure of deep sea water, and does not need to use the conventional pressure-bearing sleeves used on land, nor does it need a high-pressure water pump as the reverse osmosis power. Although the desalinated fresh water also needs power when it is output by the pump to sea level, the required power is much less than that required for onshore desalination and pressurization. For example, the serial structure of onshore desalination equipment requires a high initial pressure. There is still a lot of residual pressure after desalination. This part of the pressure energy is wasted by more than 50%. Deep sea desalination only depends on natural pressure in the deep sea. This is its First, the second is that the freshwater lifting power of the deep sea is only used for freshwater output, and the power of the pump during land desalination is to pressurize all seawater, but the freshwater output rate is only 30% ~ 50%, so the power consumed by the deep sea desalination power Only about 30% of onshore desalination.

 2. Simplify the pretreatment device and reduce investment costs

 The Shanghai and Shanghai water desalination is taken from the surface water of the sea. It contains a lot of suspended solids, sediment, and polluting compounds. It requires investment in a large amount of pretreatment equipment and occupies a large amount of land. During the operation period, human, drugs, and electricity are also required. The deep sea water is far from the coast and is not polluted. The deep sea water is relatively calm and lightless, and there is little organic matter and suspended matter. No complicated pretreatment is required, which greatly reduces investment and operating costs.

 3. Conducive to environmental protection

 Onshore desalination treatment, fresh water output only accounts for 30% ~ 50% of the water supply, and 50% ~ 70% is the discharged concentrated water, which not only wastes transportation costs, electricity costs, and pretreatment costs, but also these concentrated water Emissions must pollute the environment (including the coast) and are not allowed by environmental protection. Deep-sea desalination has no dense water discharge. If emissions are required, they are only deep in the ocean, and have no effect on the salt concentration of the sea.

 4. Deep sea water is the highest quality and pure water source on earth

 Deep sea water has few bacteria, no light, no pollution, and the organic matter decomposes very quickly. Deep sea water is rich in nutrients, and it is an advanced beverage incomparable to pure water on land and desalinated water in general sea water. It can produce various foods, health products, and medicines. It is also a raw material for the development of promising new foods and new beauty cosmetics. Brief description of the drawings

 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a single stage desalination system.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage serial desalination system. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage tandem desalination system.

 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a deep-sea desalination system. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention

Referring to FIG. 1, as a method for deep sea water desalination and extraction in the first embodiment, the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure at sea level and the pressure of the deep sea water column is mainly used to perform reverse osmosis using the pressure of sea water in the deep sea, such as at a depth of 600 meters. The seawater pressure is 60Kg / cm ² , about 5.89Mpa / cm ² . Seawater directly penetrates the filtration and purification layer and the desalination layer 11 in the purification and desalination device 1 and enters the purification and desalination pipe 12. The water in the purification and desalination pipe 12 has been purified and desalinated in one stage. The desalination water is input into the fresh water storage and transportation control by the fresh water communication pipe 13. In the water storage container 51 in the device 5, the water pump 52 boosts the desalinated water, and outputs it to the sea through the water pipe 53, and then fills the outlet.

 BP

 The pressure difference in the purification and desalination device 1 is maintained by an atmospheric communication pipe 56 and a water transfer pipe 53, and one end of the atmospheric communication pipe 56 is in communication with the water storage container 51.

 The water level and pressure in the purification and desalination device 1 are transmitted to the sea surface monitoring station through the water level and pressure sensor 55, and are monitored by the operator.

 The purification and desalination device 1 and the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5 can be connected to each other through a connecting piece, and the entire system can be suspended by a cable or a boom 6 and sunk into the deep sea, and the electric power is transmitted from the sea to the water pump 52 through the power line 54 On the other hand, the other end of the cable 6 can be anchored on a ship or on a fixed platform.

 Referring to FIG. 2, as a deep sea seawater desalination and extraction method according to the second embodiment, seawater penetrates the filtration and purification layer and the desalination layer 11 in the first-stage purification and desalination device 1 and enters the purification and desalination pipe 12. The water in the purification and desalination pipe 12 has been The preliminary desalination is performed by feeding the desalinated water into the second-stage purification desalination device 2 through the fresh water communication pipe 13 for the second desalination. The second-stage purification and desalination device 2 is provided with a desalination layer 21, and each of the purification and desalination tubes 22 is connected in series back and forth. The desalination layer 21 of each purification and desalination tube 22 is provided with a jacket 26 on the jacket 26. There is a water inlet, and the water outlet is provided at one end of each purification and desalination pipe 22, and the last purification and desalination pipe 22 is connected to the water storage container 51 in the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5 through the fresh water communication pipe 23.

The thick liquid produced in the second desalination process is discharged into the sea by the thick liquid pump 24 through the thick liquid pipe 25. The water pump 52 in the fresh water storage and conveying control device 5 boosts the desalinated water and outputs it to the sea surface through the water delivery pipe 53, Then fill the product.

 Referring to FIG. 3, as a method for deep sea seawater desalination and extraction in the third embodiment, seawater permeates through the filtration and purification layer and the desalination layer 11 in the first-stage purification and desalination device 1 into the purification and desalination pipe 12, and the water in the purification and desalination pipe 12 has been The preliminary desalination is performed by feeding the desalinated water into the second-stage purification desalination device 2 through the fresh water communication pipe 13 for the second desalination. The second-stage purification and desalination device 2 is also equipped with a desalination layer 21, and each purification desalination tube 22 is connected in series with each other. The desalination layer 21 of each purification desalination tube 22 is provided with a jacket 26 to connect the fresh water communication pipe 13 to The desalination layer 21 jacket of the first purification desalination tube 221 is connected to the desalination layer jacket 26 of the first purification desalination tube 221 and the desalination layer jacket 26 of the second purification desalination tube 222 through a concentrated liquid pipe 25. The desalination layer jacket 26 of the second purification desalination tube 222 is connected by a concentrated liquid tube 25 to the desalination layer jacket 26 of the third purification desalination tube 223. Each purification desalination tube 22 has a water outlet connected to the fresh water communication pipe 23 The fresh water communication pipe 23 is connected to the water storage container 51 in the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5.

 In the second desalination process, the concentrated liquid produced by the desalination sequence of the purification desalination tube 22 is discharged into the sea through the concentrated liquid pump 24. The pump 52 in the fresh water storage and conveying control device 5 boosts the desalinated water, outputs it to the sea surface through the water pipe 53, and then fills the product.

 According to the requirements of water quality indicators, the method of the present invention can be used for single-stage desalination and extraction of deep-sea seawater, two-stage serial desalination and extraction, and multi-stage serial desalination and extraction. For example, the freshwater connecting pipe is introduced into the third stage, The fourth level and more are desalinated and extracted to obtain better quality desalinated water.

 Referring to Fig. 4, there is shown an exemplary structure of a deep-sea desalination system including a purification desalination device 1 and a fresh water storage and transportation control device 5.

 The purification and desalination device 1 includes a main body frame 61, a purification and desalination pipe 12 mounted on the main body frame 61, and a fresh water communication pipe 13 and a fresh water output pipe 27 connected thereto.

 The purification and desalination tube 12 is made of a porous material. The filter purification layer and the desalination layer 11 coated on the outer layer of the purification and desalination tube 12 include a cushion layer 19, a desalination layer 18 wrapped on the outside of the cushion layer 19, and a desalination layer. Layer 18 is a filter and purification layer 17 covered by an outer layer. The purification and desalination tube 12 is subjected to the pressure of deep seawater. The filter and purification layer 17, the desalination layer 18, the support layer 19, and the purification and desalination tube 12 have a strength capable of withstanding a certain pressure, so that Deep seawater easily penetrates into the pipe and desalinates.

The purification and desalination pipe 12 may be composed of multiple parallel ones, and each purification and desalination pipe 12 is fixedly mounted on the main body frame 61 by a hoop 16 and bolts. Both ends of the purification and desalination tube 12 are sealed by a sealing plate 15. The outlet of each purification and desalination pipe 12 is provided with a fresh water communication pipe 13, and the fresh water communication pipe 13 communicates with the fresh water through the flange 10 The outlet tube 27 is connected.

 The fresh water storage and conveyance control device 5 includes a water storage container 51 and a container frame 60 in communication with the fresh water output pipe 27, a fresh water pump 52 for pumping fresh water, a water level and pressure sensor 55 that senses water level and pressure, and an atmosphere communication pipe 56, And water delivery pipe 53.

 The water storage container 51 is provided with a head 57 at both ends, and the head 57 is sealed by a flange 58. The water storage container 51 is fixedly mounted on the container frame 60 by a container hoop 63 and bolts. The water pump 52 and the water level and pressure sensor 55 are fixedly mounted on the brackets on the inner wall of the container 51, respectively. The power line 54 connected to the water pump 52, the signal line 59 for the water level and pressure sensor 55, the atmospheric communication pipe 56 and the water delivery pipe 53 respectively pass through the wall of the water storage container 51, and the crossings should be sealed and leak-proof.

 The purification and desalination pipe 12 is connected to the water storage container 51 through the fresh water output pipe 27, and the water storage container 51 is in communication with the atmosphere communication pipe 56. From the start of the operation of the desalination system and the water pump 52 during the normal operation, the purification and desalination pipe 12 There is always a pressure difference between the seawater pressure and the atmospheric pressure, and this pressure difference is the driving force of the desalination system.

 Both the purification and desalination device 1 and the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5 are installed in the deep sea. The purification and desalination device 1 and the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5 are suspended by a connection member such as a pair of cables or booms 62, and can also be steel pipes or metal. The profiles are suspended to form an upper and lower arrangement, and then another pair of cables or booms 6 are anchored on the sea surface ship or on the sea surface fixed platform.

 The purification and desalination device 1 and the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5 are arranged side by side in the deep sea, communicate through the fresh water output pipe 27, and are anchored on the sea surface ship or the fixed platform on the sea surface by a cable or a boom 6. As the traction means, the cable or boom 6 can be made of steel pipe or metal profile.

 In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, one or more second-stage purification and desalination devices 2 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 may be installed between the purification and desalination device 1 and the fresh water storage and transportation control device 5.

 The system of the present invention uses the pressure difference between the deep sea water pressure and the atmospheric pressure above sea level as the reverse osmosis power, so that the deep sea water penetrates into the purification and desalination pipe and then enters the water storage container. The water pump lifts the desalinated water to the sea surface and fills the product. The operation of this desalination system is operated by the operator on a ship or a fixed platform on the sea surface, and its operating conditions are displayed and controlled by instruments.

Claims

Claim 1. A method for desalination and extraction of deep sea water, characterized in that deep sea water is penetrated through a filtration purification layer and a desalination layer in a desalination system by using a pressure difference between atmospheric pressure at sea level and pressure of a deep sea water column, and the seawater is purified, After desalination, it is input into the fresh water communication pipe and the water storage container in the fresh water storage and transportation control system, and is boosted by the pump to be boosted.  2. The method for deep sea water desalination and extraction according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference in the desalination system is maintained by an atmospheric communication pipe and a water conveyance pipe.  3. The method for desalination and extraction of deep sea water according to claim 1, characterized in that the water level and pressure in the desalination system are transmitted to a sea surface monitoring station through water level and pressure sensors.  4. A deep sea seawater desalination system, comprising a purification and desalination device, characterized in that it further comprises a freshwater storage and transportation control device; the purification and desalination device comprises a main body frame, a purification and desalination pipe installed on the main body frame, and the same A connected fresh water communication pipe and a fresh water output pipe; the fresh water storage and transmission control device includes a water storage container and a container frame in communication with the fresh water output pipe, a fresh water pump for pumping fresh water, a water level and pressure sensor that senses water level and pressure The atmospheric communication pipe and the water conveyance pipe; the purification and desalination device and the fresh water storage and transportation control device are both installed in the deep sea, and the pressure difference between the deep sea water pressure and the atmospheric pressure above the sea level is used as reverse osmosis power to penetrate deep sea water into the purification The desalination pipe is then input into the water storage container, and the desalinated water is lifted and output to the sea surface by a pump.  5. The deep-sea desalination system according to claim 4, wherein the purification and desalination pipe is made of a porous material, a support layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the purification and desalination tube, and an outer layer of the support layer The desalination layer is wrapped, and the filter and purification layer is wrapped on the outer layer of the desalination layer. The purification and desalination pipe bears the pressure of deep seawater, so that the deep seawater can easily penetrate into the pipe and desalinate.  6. The deep-sea desalination system according to claim 4, wherein the purification and desalination device and the freshwater storage and transportation control device are suspended by a pair of cables or booms to form an upper and lower arrangement, and then another pair The cable or boom is anchored on a sea surface ship or on a sea surface fixed platform.  7. The deep-sea desalination system according to claim 4, wherein the purification and desalination device and the freshwater storage and transportation control device are arranged side by side in the deep sea, communicate through a freshwater communication pipe, and are anchored to the sea vessel by a cable or a boom. On or on a fixed platform above the sea.