WO1999039321A1

WO1999039321A1 - Display panel for image presentation and/or recording

Info

Publication number: WO1999039321A1
Application number: PCT/NO1998/000353
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kjell Hansen
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-01-15
Filing date: 1998-12-02
Publication date: 1999-08-05
Anticipated expiration: 2000-07-15
Also published as: NO306588B1; NO980187L; AU2303099A; NO980187D0

Abstract

Display panel for image presentation and/or recording, comprising a matrix formed of a horizontal (1A-D) and a vertical (33A-E) element set, respectively, adapted to be addressed for selecting points that shall present, alternatively receive light, one of the element sets consisting of optical light guides (1A-D, 41) adapted to receive (39A-D, 44) or possibly transmit (40A-D) light at its ends being outside the matrix, and being provided with organs (5A-D) positioned at the above-mentioned points for directing light out of, or possibly into, the light guides (1A-D) and the other element set constitutes shutter means (33A-E) for light constituting the image to be presented or recorded directly through addressing of the two element sets (1A-D, 33A-E). The light guides comprise by at least one of their ends, at least one at least partially reflective mirror adapted to direct light emitted from a source into the light guides, and/or light received in the light guide toward a suitable source or measuring device being positioned outside the axis of the light guide.

Description

1

DISPLAY PANEL FOR IMAGE PRESENTATION AND/OR RECORDING

This invention relates to a display panel for image representation and/or recording, comprising a matrix formed by a horizontal and a vertical element set, respectively, adapted to be addressed for selecting points that shall present, alternatively receive light, one of the element sets being optical light guides adapted to receive, or transmit, light at its ends being outside the matrix itself, and being provided with organs positioned at the points for diverting light out of, or into, the light guides and the second element set comprises shutter means for light, the light by addressing of the two element sets directly being brought to provide an image to be presented or directly presenting the image to be recorded. Displays for image presentation are today incorporated in various products, for example television sets, oscilloscopes, data terminals, medical and other instruments, instrument panels in cars, air planes and other vehicles, as well as video monitors . As will appear from the following description the invention relates to a display panel which can be used both for presenting and for recording images. This makes possible new practical applications beyond those mentioned above, for example two-way data terminals which can both display a picture and pick up a picture, such as drawings or the like, two-way television and so forth.

Various known techniques have been employed for image presentation, and the most common are based on cathode ray tubes, liquid crystals (LCD), gas plasma techniques, vacuum fluorescent elements and light emitting diodes . This invention is based on main components being per se known, namely as light guides such as optical fibres and shutter means e.g. being based upon liquid crystals. The known art using such elements is US 4,915,486, which describes a display panel as mentioned above. The solution described in this publication is mainly based on the positioning of light sources at one end of the light guides, and detectors at the other end of the light guides . This solution is, however, voluminous and impractical. The electronic circuits must be positioned on both sides of the 2 screen, which makes it difficult to build large display panels by placing them side by side. In addition this solution make the display more vulnerable, as both the sources and the detectors are placed on the outer ends of the display. This structure also make the surrounding circuits complicated to produce.

It is thus an object of this invention to provide a robust display being capable of both receiving and displaying images under most conditions, in addition being compact and relatively easy to produce, the sources and detectors being positioned on the back side of the display, possibly only on one side of the display.

It is an additional object of this invention to provide a two-way display which may be combined as modules without noticeable transition sones between the modules.

On the basis of the known art the new and inventive features of the present invention is more closely defined in the patent claims.

The different embodiments of display panels according to the invention, as well as additional special features of the invention, will be more closely described in the following with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 schematically shows a light guide with one form of light diverting means, Figure 2 shows a light guide with a second form of light diverting means, Figure 3A and 3B shows in detail the end of a the light guide according to the invention, Figure 4 shows a light guide having a rectangular cross- section,

Figure 5 shows a light guide having a varying cross- section along its length, Figure 6A schematically and simplified shows a matrix consisting of a vertical and a horizontal element set respectively, with associated components, as an example of a display panel embodiment according to the invention, Figure 6B shows a cross-section according to line B-B in figure 6A, Figure 6C shows a cross-section according to line C-C in 3 figure 6A.

The main principle on which the invention is founded, is shown in FIG.l. Highly schematically there is drawn therein a light guide or optical fibre 1 at one end of which there is provided a light source 3, whereas a light receiver 4 is placed at the other end of light guide 1. The source and the detector is positioned away from the axis of the light guide, and the ends of the light guide is provided with an at least partially reflective mirror directing the from, or toward, the source or the detector, respectively. The mirrors may be of different types, e.g. metal deposited surfaces or dielectric mirrors. It is also clear that the reflective surface may simply consist of a polished surface which also may serve as a mirror. The angle of the mirrors relative to the axis of the light guide may be chosen according to the positioning of the optical transducers 3,4, and may also be chosen to obtain total reflection in the mirror surface. The mirrors may also be provided with a chosen curvature to obtain a focussing effect. The light guide 1 is provided with means 5 serving to divert light transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the light guide. Thus, in figure 1 there are shown a number of light rays emitted through the end of the light guide from light source 3 and during their propagation through the light guide these light rays will hit these means 5 and will be diverted transversally as indicated at 6 in the figure. These diverting means 5 may be in the form of small incisions or notches in the surface of light guide 1, preferably extending transversally through the longitudinal direction thereof. Thereby small reflecting surfaces will be formed, which cause the diversion of light transversally of the light guide and out of this. It will be realized that the angle of the reflecting surfaces formed by the notches 5, must be adjusted so as to obtain a desired direction of the diverted light rays 6, usually as much as possible normal to the longitudinal direction of the light guide .

The principle illustrated in figure 1 comprises diverting means in the form of depressions, for example incisions or notches formed in the surface of the light 4 guide 1, but diverting means can also be provided in other ways .

Figure 1 shows a light guide with diverting means 5 used to divert light in a direction across the light guides, e.g. for the presentation of an image to the user or spectator. It is well known that light transmission through this type of materials is reversible so that light beams 7 also may move in the opposite direction back to the source. In these cases the incoming light must, however, be guided toward a receiver 4. In figure 1 the incoming light 7 is lead toward a receiver positioned by the other end of the light guide 1.

An alternative embodiment may be that the receiver is positioned by the same end as the source, and that the mirror 2 is a beam splitter guiding incoming light toward the receiver. The simplest way to obtain this is to position the receiver in the axis of the light guide, but this will limit the possibility to produce the display as modules which may be positioned adjacent each other without visible transition areas.

Figure 2 shows a section of a particular form of light guide 11 in the interior of which there are embedded crystals, for example crystals 12, 13 and 14, having reflecting surfaces having a corresponding effect as the notches 5 in figure 1. Light being sent from light source 3 by the end of light guide 11 thereby will be diverted transversally out of the light guide as indicated at 16, 17 and 18 in figure 2. In this case the mirrors are comprised by angularly cut and polished end surfaces in the light guide.

Figures 3A and 3B shows in detail the ends on a preferred embodiment of the invention, as seen from one side and from above, respectively. The end is divided into three sones 2A,2B,2C the first sone 2A being an angular mirror guiding light 6 from the source and into the light guide, the second sone 2B being a second angular mirror guiding light from the light guide and out from the display, away from the source, while the third sone 2C is essentially transparent and transmits light directly through the source and out from the display panel. This way the end sone may *» ) w to to P> P> o UI o Ul o ui o LΠ ua Ω rr 3 cr ua o TJ i P. 3 P P Λ Ml Ω 0 CO hf Ω TJ rt h( P¹ 01 TJ P cr cr P- hh

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6 there can be applied a powerful magnetic field. The crystals may consist of iron compounds or other chemical compounds having magnetical properties.

The light source 3 in figures 1, 2 and 3 can be a light emitting diode or possibly several such diodes if it is desired to present colour pictures. On the other hand light receiver 4 can be a light sensitive diode, possibly several diodes if colour recording shall take place.

A number of light guides or optical fibres with diverting means as discussed above, must be arranged in a matrix in order to form the display surface of a panel or the like, alternatively the recording surface in the case of picking-up or receiving an image which represents a scene. Whereas optical fibres usually have a round cross- section, which is completely useful in connection with this invention, it has been found that particular designs of the light guide or fibre can be advantageous. Thus, figure 4 shows an enlarged cross-section of a light guide having a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The cross-section of figure 4 is relatively flattened, having long side edges 32 and two short side edges 31A and 3IB. In order to avoid leakage of light outwardly at the corners of the cross- section, these may possibly be somewhat rounded. In the surface of the light guide at the edge 31A there are indicated incisions or notches 34 corresponding for example to notches 5 in figure 1. With such a light guide it will be comparatively simple and inexpensive to assemble a number of light guides by simply putting these on top of each other with interengaging side faces 32 and the short side 31A with notches 34 facing in the same direction. It will not only be expedient in practice to stack such light guides on each other in order to form a complete matrix, but the very manufacturing of the individual fibres will also be rationalized, since these light guides can be cut or stamped out of a larger sheet formed stock.

Figure 5 also shows a light guide 41 having a rather flattened cross-section, but besides this light guide has a diminishing cross-section from one end towards the other. To the left at 42 it is shown that light guide 41 has a substantially rectangular, but much rounded cross-section, 7 corresponding to the cross-section 43 at the opposite end. The thickness is the same whereas the length dimension of the cross-section is larger at the right-hand end 42 than at the left-hand end 42 in figure 3. There are not shown any diverting means in the form of for example depressions, such as incisions or notches in light guide 41, but such means may have a similar form as shown in figure 1 and figure 2. When light comes in as shown at 44, the diversion of light gradually along the longitudinal direction of light guide 41 towards the left, will imply that the magnitude of the light flux all the way along light guide 41 will be the same, because of the diminishing cross-section. This in turn will result in equal lights intensity at all diversion or image points along the light guide. The embodiment shown in figure 5 is especially suitable if the source 3 and the receiver 4 are both positioned by the widest end of the light guide 1, with a suitable mirror arrangement for directing light to or from the optical transducers . Figures 6A, 6B and 6C show much simplified and at an enlarged scale a matrix or display panel for image presentation and/or recording, to illustrate essential features of this invention. The matrix comprises a set of elements extending horizontally and consisting of optical light guides or fibres 1A, IB, 1C and ID. A set of vertically extending elements constitutes shutter means 33A, 33B, 33C, 33D and 33E, which preferably can be segments containing liquid crystals. By suitable application of electrical fields as known per se, the liquid crystals may be brought into a light absorbing condition, i.e. they can serve as shutter means .

Image points are formed at the intersections between the two element sets, an image point 49A being indicated at the top left and another image point 49Z at the bottom right of figure 6A. In this figure it is also indicated that the width of a shutter element (element 33A) can be for example 0,1mm. This dimension suggests the density of image points in such a matrix.

Light guides 1A-D are shown in cross-section in figure 6B, from which it appears that the light guide cross-section 8 is essentially circular, but it has incisions or notches 5A- 5D in order to effect the previously discussed transverse diverting of light. Figure 6C shows more particularly a cross-section through light guide 1C in figure 6A and notches 5C along this.

At the right of figure 6A there are shown light sources 40A- 40D for the respective light guides 1A-1D, whereas at the opposite ends of these light guides there are provided associated light receivers 39A, 39B, 39C and 39D. For the purpose of illustration these are on the side of the light guides in this figure, and the mirrors are omitted.

An additional important part of the matrix in figure 6A-C is a perforated plate 49 (see figure 6A and 6B) which has an aperture for each image point . As shown specifically in figure 6C there is a shutter element or segment 33A-E lying in front of each vertical row of image points or apertures in plate 49. Possibly plate 49 can constitute a back plate or an electrode for applying voltage across the liquid crystals in shutter segments 33A-E. FIGS.6B and 6C illustrate the following examples of ray-paths in the arrangement: For presentation of an image it is shown in figure 6C that light source 40C emits light rays into fibre 1C, in which a light beam 35 is reflected from one of the notches 5C and passes out through an aperture in plate 49 and further on through the shutter element in front of this, the shutter element being considered open for light passage. In contrast the beam 36 diverted sideways from fibre 1C through a corresponding aperture in plate 49, will impinge on a blocked shutter segment 33D so that this image point will be dark. The adjacent element 33E, however, has not been activated so that a light beam can pass through this element and thereby will be visible outwards.

In the inverted operation of the matrix, i.e. for picture recording or reception from the outside, the light rays will come in as shown for example with beams 37 and 38. Light beam 37 from the outside will pass through an open shutter and will be diverted by a diverting element in light guide 1C towards the left in figure 6C and thereby will be led to light receiver 39C. Light beam 38, however, is 9 considered to impinge on a blocked shutter and therefore will not be detected at the time represented by the situation in figure 6C.

Displaying or recording of colours may be performed by coupling a number of receivers or sources to each light guide, or by using separate light guides for each. In the latter case the three light guides will together constitute one picture point with a common shutter.

For further description of the operation of the invention reference is made to the abovementioned US patent 4,915,486.

Although not specifically mentioned in the above description it goes without saying that the display panel according to the invention can be adapted for operation with live images ("motion pictures") . In this context recording is understood as both direct imaging of objects close to the display or recording based upon conventional lens systems. Micro lenses placed directly on the display panel is also possible.

Claims

10 C l a i m s

1. Display panel for image presentation and/or recording, comprising a matrix formed of a horizontal (1A-D) and a vertical (33A-E) element set, respectively, adapted to be addressed for selecting points that shall present, alternatively receive light, one of the element sets consisting of optical light guides (1A-D,41) adapted to receive (39A-D,44) or possibly transmit (40A-D) light at its ends being outside the matrix, and being provided with organs (5A-D) positioned at the abovementioned points for directing light out of, or possibly into, the light guides (1A-D) and the other element set constitutes shutter means (33A-E) for light, the light constituting the image to be presented or recorded directly through addressing of the two element sets (1A-D, 33A-E) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the light guides by at least one of their ends comprises at least one at least partially reflective mirror adapted to direct light emitted from a source into the light guides, and/or light received in the light guide toward a suitable source or measuring device being positioned outside the axis of the light guide.

2. Display according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises two sets of transducers of which one comprises a number of light sources and the other comprises a number of light receivers, of which at least one of each is positioned in relation to each light guide, both sets being placed in positions being outside the axial direction of the light guides, and that the mirrors are adapted to direct the light to or from each of the sets .

3. Display according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it comprises two sets of transducers of which one comprises a number of light sources and the other comprises a number of light receivers, of which at least one of each is positioned in relation to each light guide, 11 one of the sets being placed in positions being in the axial direction of the light guides, and the other being placed in positions outside the axial direction of the light guides, the mirrors being adapted to direct light to or from the second set .

4. Display according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the light guides are engraved into a plate of optically conducting material.

5. Display according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the first set comprises at least three sources and the second set comprises at least three receivers provided by each light guide, each being adapted to emit or receive light at different ranges of wavelengths .

6. Display according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the light guides (41) have a decreasing cross section in the direction from the end (43) being adapted to receive light (44) , and that the light diverting organs comprises fixed elements (5,12,13,14,22, 23,24,5A-D,34) with reflecting surfaces on or in the light guides for directing out of, or in to, respectively, them.

7. Display according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said organs for diverting light comprises recesses (5A-D, 5,22-24) in the surface of light guides (1A-D,1).

8. Display according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said organs for diverting light comprises reflective elements (12-14) provided in the light guides (11) .

9. Display according to claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said reflective elements consist of specially provided crystals (12,14). 12

10. Display according to any one of claims 1-9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the light guides have an essentially rectangular cross section (31A, 31B, 32) , preferably elongated and provided with notches (34) on the short side (31A) of the cross section.

11. Display according to any one of the claims 1-10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a mask (49,84) is located in front of the set of light guides being provided with apertures (49A-Z, 84A-C) in front of each of said point.

12. Display according to claim 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the shutters (88) are integrated in the mask (84) related to the apertures (84A-C) therein.

13. Display according to claim 12, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it has a filling of LCD liquid (88) which fills the apertures (84A-C) in the mask (84) , and that the mask is provided with electrodes (85A-B) for selective activation of the liquid (88) in the apertures (84A-C) .

14. Display according to any one of claims 1-13 for presentation of images, c h a r a c t e r i z e d that for each element (61,71A-C) in said other element set there is provided a light detecting element (63A-C, 73A-C) for each of the colours yellow, blue and red.

15. Display panel according to any one of claims 1-13 for image recording, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that for each element in said other element (61,71A-C) set there is provided a light detecting element (64A-C, 74A-C) for each of the colours yellow, blue and red.

16. Display panel according to claim 14 or 15, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that for each row of image points (66) there is provided a single light conductor (61) 13 being adapted to convey the respective colours sequentially.

17. Display panel according to claim 14 or 15, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that for each row of image points (77) there is provided a separate light conductor (73A-C) for each of the colours, and that said shutter means for each row of image points is divided into separate parts (72A-C) for each colour.

18. Display panel according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said shutter means (52) during reception are adapted to be opened in sequence in separate time intervals, with simultaneous separate recording of received light in all light conductors (51) in each time interval.