WO1999025663A1 - Industrial plastilina with binding agents, fillers and preferable colorants - Google Patents
Industrial plastilina with binding agents, fillers and preferable colorants Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999025663A1 WO1999025663A1 PCT/DE1998/003391 DE9803391W WO9925663A1 WO 1999025663 A1 WO1999025663 A1 WO 1999025663A1 DE 9803391 W DE9803391 W DE 9803391W WO 9925663 A1 WO9925663 A1 WO 9925663A1
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- industrial plasticine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to an industrial plasticine with binders, fillers and preferably colorants.
- Industrial plasticines also known as "styling clays" are used in model making. Especially in automotive design model building, large amounts of industrial plasticine are used to model surfaces.
- the industrial plasticines used are a physical mixture of mineral and ceramic fillers, such as grinding sulfur, zinc soap, fine kaolin, talc and binders. Vaseline, micro wax, paraffin and highly refined white oil are used as binders.
- the composition of the binders is chosen so that the industrial plasticine is soft and moldable at temperatures of about 30-60 ° C and hard at temperatures of about 20-25 ° C.
- Industrial plasticins are preferably so hard that machining by milling is possible. Iron oxide is mostly used as a color generator.
- the scale of the usual models is in the range from 1: 5 to 1: 1.
- the plasticine is first heated to about 60 ° C. and applied to a rigid foam base body in several layers. The number of layers depends on the desired thickness of the industrial plasticine layer. When applying the Layers should avoid air pockets if possible. After the layer has cooled, a wax-like final hardness is achieved at room temperature. The industrial plastic surface is then CNC milled and / or processed manually using appropriate templates, scrapers or scraping tools. The model can be reworked at any time later by reheating the industrial plasticine, or additional warm industrial plasticine layers are applied.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to find an industrial plasticine which no longer has these disadvantages.
- the filler is a light filler with a density below 0.8 g / cm 3 , preferably below 0.7 g / cm 3 .
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the known industrial plasticines have a large proportion of sulfur. This high Sulfur content is common in the art. However, since this sulfur content is not absolutely necessary according to the latest knowledge, it is possible to use a light filler instead of or in addition to sulfur, which brings additional advantages depending on the training.
- a wide variety of substances can be used as fillers, provided that they have the stated density of 0.8 g / cm 3 and preferably a density of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 .
- densities of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 and preferably even less than 0.3 g / cm 3 can be achieved.
- a lower limit of about 0.1 g / cm 3 should not be undercut when choosing the filler.
- a material with porous particles is particularly suitable as a light filler with low density. Even hollow particles are preferably used.
- Excellent surface properties and best plasticity values are achieved with a light filler that has spherical particles.
- the spherical particles are easier to slide against each other and slide into each other in such a way that a high packing density is created.
- the achievable packing density can be increased by using particles with different sizes. This allows smaller particles to slip into the gaps between the larger particles, further increasing the packing density.
- Good results were achieved with a light filler, the particles of which have an average diameter of less than 500 ⁇ m. An average diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m is less advantageous. Particularly good results have been achieved with fillers in which the average diameter of the particles of the light filler is between 20 ⁇ m and 180 ⁇ m.
- the use of the light filler makes it possible to manage with less than 30% sulfur and preferably even with less than 10% sulfur, it even being possible to dispense with a sulfur content entirely.
- hollow microspheres made of borosilicate glass, aluminum silicate glass, multicellular glass or plastic are used. These hollow spheres are surface coated with silanes, waxes or carbonates. However, uncoated or only partially uncoated particles can also be used.
- the industrial plasticine according to the invention has more than 50% by volume of hollow spheres, which results in a weight reduction of at least 30% compared to conventional industrial plasticine types. This is of great advantage for the use in design model making, since the underlying body can be less solid and therefore lighter. This increases the model's mobility and reduces transport costs. This is an advantage in industrial model construction, since the models often have to be transported to different design studios.
- the industrial plasticine according to the invention is far more temperature-stable than known industrial plasticines. At temperatures above 65 ° C, the sulfur begins to crystallize in the known types of plasticine, which leads to discoloration. This is why so-called camoul flag effects occur on the finished model if the temperatures are too high. In addition, it is often unavoidable that the sulfur comes to the surface and emits the typical unpleasant and unpleasant smell. In contrast, the industrial plasticine according to the invention is temperature-resistant up to 90 ° C.
- the temperature resistance is not only an advantage for the model itself, it is also advantageous during the extrusion, since temperatures above 70 ° C can easily arise during the extrusion of the industrial plasticine.
- a ClayStar extruder from Dekumed was used.
- hollow microspheres leads to a highly homogeneous structure and consistency of industrial plasticine.
- the spherical shape of the filler improves the consistency of the industrial plasticine and thus its workability and also leads to highly homogeneous surfaces that can be polished to a shine with the help of a simple cotton cloth, for example. This enables the surface of the design model to be checked for any unevenness using light reflection.
- the size of the individual spheres ranges from at least 20 ⁇ m to a maximum of 180 ⁇ m. On average, the size is between 25 ⁇ m and 90 ⁇ m depending on the proportion of the individual ball sizes. As a result, a significantly higher material tightness is achieved without the plastic properties being adversely affected, since a high packing density leads to a homogeneous material.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Industrie-Plastilin mit Bindemitteln, Füllstoffen und vorzugsweise Industrial plasticine with binders, fillers and preferably
FarbgebernColor donors
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Industrie-Plastilin mit Bindemitteln, Füllstoffen und vorzugsweise Farbgebern.The invention relates to an industrial plasticine with binders, fillers and preferably colorants.
Industrie-Plastiline, die auch als "Styling-Clays" bezeichnet werden, werden im Modellbau verwendet. Vor allem im Automobildesign- Modellbau werden große Mengen an Industrie-Plastilin eingesetzt, um Oberflächen zu modellieren. Die verwendeten Industrie-Plastiline sind ein physikalisches Gemisch aus mineralischen und keramischen Füllstoffen, wie beispielsweise Mahlschwefel, Zinkseife, Feinkaolin, Talk und Bindemitteln. Als Bindemittel werden beispielsweise Vaseline, Mikrowachs, Paraffin und hochraffiniertes Weißöl eingesetzt. Die Zusammensetzung der Bindemittel wird so gewählt, daß bei Temperaturen von etwa 30 - 60° C das Industrie-Plastilin weich und formbar ist und bei Temperaturen von etwa 20 - 25° C hart. Industrie-Plastiline werden vorzugsweise so hart, daß eine Bearbeitung durch Fräsen möglich ist. Als Farbgeber wird meistens Eisenoxyd verwendet.Industrial plasticines, also known as "styling clays", are used in model making. Especially in automotive design model building, large amounts of industrial plasticine are used to model surfaces. The industrial plasticines used are a physical mixture of mineral and ceramic fillers, such as grinding sulfur, zinc soap, fine kaolin, talc and binders. Vaseline, micro wax, paraffin and highly refined white oil are used as binders. The composition of the binders is chosen so that the industrial plasticine is soft and moldable at temperatures of about 30-60 ° C and hard at temperatures of about 20-25 ° C. Industrial plasticins are preferably so hard that machining by milling is possible. Iron oxide is mostly used as a color generator.
Der Maßstab der üblichen Modelle liegt im Bereich von 1 :5 bis 1 : 1. Bei der Verwendung des Industrie-Plastilins wird das Plastilin zunächst auf etwa 60° C erwärmt und auf einen Hartschaum-Grundkörper in mehreren Lagen aufgebracht. Die Anzahl der Lagen richtet sich nach der gewünschten Dicke der Industrie-Plastilinschicht. Beim Auftragen der Schichten sind Lufteinschlüsse möglichst zu vermeiden. Nach Erkalten der Schicht wird bei Raumtemperatur eine wachsähnliche Endhärte erzielt. Die Industrie-Plastilinoberfläche wird in der Folge CNC gefräst und/oder manuell mit entsprechenden Schablonen, Ziehklingen oder Kratzwerkzeugen bearbeitet. Das Modell kann später jederzeit wiederbearbeitet werden, indem das Industrie-Plastilin wieder erwärmt wird, oder es werden zusätzliche warme Industrie-Plastilinschichten aufgebracht.The scale of the usual models is in the range from 1: 5 to 1: 1. When using industrial plasticine, the plasticine is first heated to about 60 ° C. and applied to a rigid foam base body in several layers. The number of layers depends on the desired thickness of the industrial plasticine layer. When applying the Layers should avoid air pockets if possible. After the layer has cooled, a wax-like final hardness is achieved at room temperature. The industrial plastic surface is then CNC milled and / or processed manually using appropriate templates, scrapers or scraping tools. The model can be reworked at any time later by reheating the industrial plasticine, or additional warm industrial plasticine layers are applied.
Im Gegensatz zu den im Modellbau üblicherweise verwendeten Kunst- Stoffen kennt das Industrie-Plastilin keinen entgültigen Aggregatzustand. Es ähnelt somit dem klassischen Plastilin.In contrast to the plastics commonly used in model making, industrial plasticine has no final physical state. It is therefore similar to classic plasticine.
Die Nachteile der bekannten Industrie-Plastiline sind das relativ hoheThe disadvantages of the known industrial plasticines are the relatively high
Gewicht, die Temperaturempfindlichkeit und die oft geringe Homogenität und Dichtheit des Industrie-Plastilins. Unzureichende Dichtheit sind an einer schlechten Oberflächenqualität und mangelnder Plastizität erkennbar.Weight, temperature sensitivity and the often low homogeneity and tightness of industrial plasticine. Inadequate tightness can be recognized from poor surface quality and a lack of plasticity.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Industrie-Plastilin zu finden, das diese Nachteile nicht mehr aufweist.The object of the present invention is therefore to find an industrial plasticine which no longer has these disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Füllstoff ein Leichtfüllstoff mit einer Dichte unter 0,8 g/cm3, vorzugsweise unter 0,7 g/cm3 ist.This object is achieved in that the filler is a light filler with a density below 0.8 g / cm 3 , preferably below 0.7 g / cm 3 .
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die bekannten Industrie- Plastiline einen großen Anteil an Schwefel aufweisen. Dieser hohe Schwefelgehalt ist in der Technik üblich. Da dieser Schwefelgehalt jedoch nach neuesten Erkenntnissen nicht unbedingt notwendig ist, ist es möglich anstelle von Schwefel oder zusätzlich zum Schwefel einen Leichtfüllstoff zu verwenden, der je nach Ausbildung zusätzliche Vorteile bringt.The invention is based on the knowledge that the known industrial plasticines have a large proportion of sulfur. This high Sulfur content is common in the art. However, since this sulfur content is not absolutely necessary according to the latest knowledge, it is possible to use a light filler instead of or in addition to sulfur, which brings additional advantages depending on the training.
Als Füllstoffe können unterschiedlichste Stoffe verwendet werden, sofern sie die angegebene Dichte von 0,8 g/cm3 und vorzugsweise eine Dichte von unter 0,7 g/cm3 aufweisen. Je nach Art der verwendeten Füllsstoffe können sogar Dichten von unter 0,5 g/cm3 und vorzugsweise sogar unter 0,3 g/cm3 erreicht werden. Eine Untergrenze von etwa 0, 1 g/cm3 sollte bei der Auswahl des Füllstoffes nicht unterschritten werden.A wide variety of substances can be used as fillers, provided that they have the stated density of 0.8 g / cm 3 and preferably a density of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 . Depending on the type of filler used, densities of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 and preferably even less than 0.3 g / cm 3 can be achieved. A lower limit of about 0.1 g / cm 3 should not be undercut when choosing the filler.
Als Leichtfüllstoff mit geringer Dichte eignet sich vor allem ein Stoff, der poröse Partikel aufweist. Vorzugsweise werden sogar hohle Partikel verwendet.A material with porous particles is particularly suitable as a light filler with low density. Even hollow particles are preferably used.
Hervorragende Oberflächeneigenschaften und beste Plastizitätswerte werden mit einem Leichtfüllstoff erreicht, der kugelförmige Partikel aufweist. Die kugelförmigen Partikel sind leichter gegeneinander verschiebbar und rutschen derart ineinander, daß eine hohe Packungsdichte entsteht.Excellent surface properties and best plasticity values are achieved with a light filler that has spherical particles. The spherical particles are easier to slide against each other and slide into each other in such a way that a high packing density is created.
Die erzielbare Packungsdichte kann dadurch gesteigert werden, daß Partikeln mit verschiedenen Größen verwendet werden. Dies erlaubt, daß kleinere Partikeln in die Zwischenräume zwischen den größeren Partikeln rutschen, wodurch die Packungsdichte weiter gesteigert wird. Gute Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Leichtfüllstoff erzielt, dessen Partikel einen durchschnittlichen Druchmesser von weniger als 500 μm aufweisen. Ein durchschnittlicher Durchmesser von unter 5 μm ist weniger vorteilhaft. Besonders gute Ergebnisse wurden mit Füllstoffen erzielt, bei denen der durchschnittliche Durchmesser der Partikel des Leichtfüllstoffs zwischen 20 μm und 180 μm liegt.The achievable packing density can be increased by using particles with different sizes. This allows smaller particles to slip into the gaps between the larger particles, further increasing the packing density. Good results were achieved with a light filler, the particles of which have an average diameter of less than 500 μm. An average diameter of less than 5 μm is less advantageous. Particularly good results have been achieved with fillers in which the average diameter of the particles of the light filler is between 20 μm and 180 μm.
Durch die Verwendung des Leichtfüllstoffes ist es möglich, mit weniger als 30% Schwefel und vorzugsweise sogar mit weniger als 10% Schwefel auszukommen, wobei sogar ganz auf einen Schwefelanteil verzichtet werden kann.The use of the light filler makes it possible to manage with less than 30% sulfur and preferably even with less than 10% sulfur, it even being possible to dispense with a sulfur content entirely.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, daß Mikrohohlkugeln aus Borsilikatglas, Aluminiumsilikatglas, multizellulärem Glas oder Kunststoff verwendet werden. Diese Hohlkugeln sind mit Silanen, Wachsen oder Carbonaten oberflächenbeschichtet. Es können jedoch auch unbeschichtete oder nur teilweise unbeschichtete Partikel verwendet werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Industrie-Plastilin weist mehr als 50 Vol% Hohlkugeln auf, wodurch sich gegenüber herkömmlichen Industrie-Plastilintypen eine Gewichtsreduzierung von mindestens 30% ergibt. Dies ist für die Anwendung im Design-Modellbau von großem Vorteil, da der darunterliegende Grundkörper weniger massiv und somit leichter ausfallen kann. Die Mobilität des Modells wird dadurch erhöht und die Transportkosten sinken. Dies ist im Industriemodellbau von Vorteil, da die Modelle häufig zu verschiedenen Design-Studios transportiert werden müssen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß das erfindungsgemäße Industrie-Plastilin weit temperaturstabiler ist als bekannte Industrie-Plastiline. Bei Temperaturen über 65° C beginnt der Schwefel in den bekannnten Plastilinarten auszukristallisieren, was zu Verfärbungen führt. Daher kommt es bei zu hohen Temperaturen auf dem fertigen Modell zu sogenannten Camoulflage-Effekten. Darüber hinaus ist es häufig nicht zu vermeiden, daß der Schwefel an die Oberfläche tritt und den typisch unangenehmen und gesundheitsgefährdenden Geruch ausströmt. Das erfindungsgemäße Industrie-Plastilin ist im Gegensatz hierzu bis 90° C temperaturbeständig.One embodiment provides that hollow microspheres made of borosilicate glass, aluminum silicate glass, multicellular glass or plastic are used. These hollow spheres are surface coated with silanes, waxes or carbonates. However, uncoated or only partially uncoated particles can also be used. The industrial plasticine according to the invention has more than 50% by volume of hollow spheres, which results in a weight reduction of at least 30% compared to conventional industrial plasticine types. This is of great advantage for the use in design model making, since the underlying body can be less solid and therefore lighter. This increases the model's mobility and reduces transport costs. This is an advantage in industrial model construction, since the models often have to be transported to different design studios. It has been found that the industrial plasticine according to the invention is far more temperature-stable than known industrial plasticines. At temperatures above 65 ° C, the sulfur begins to crystallize in the known types of plasticine, which leads to discoloration. This is why so-called camoul flag effects occur on the finished model if the temperatures are too high. In addition, it is often unavoidable that the sulfur comes to the surface and emits the typical unpleasant and unpleasant smell. In contrast, the industrial plasticine according to the invention is temperature-resistant up to 90 ° C.
Die Temperaturbeständigkeit ist jedoch nicht nur beim Modell selber von Vorteil, sondern schon während der Extrusion vorteilhaft, da schon während der Extrusion des Industrie-Plastilins leicht Temperaturen über 70° C entstehen können. Bei Versuchen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Industrie-Plastilin wurde ein Extruder ClayStar der Firma Dekumed verwendet.However, the temperature resistance is not only an advantage for the model itself, it is also advantageous during the extrusion, since temperatures above 70 ° C can easily arise during the extrusion of the industrial plasticine. In experiments with the industrial plasticine according to the invention, a ClayStar extruder from Dekumed was used.
Insbesondere die Verwendung von Mikrohohlkugeln führt zu einer hochhomogenen Struktur und Konsistenz des Industrie-Plastilins. Die Kugelform des Füllstoffs verbessert die Konsistenz des Industrie-Plastilins und somit dessen Verarbeitbarkeit und außerdem führt sie zu hochhomogenen Oberflächen, die beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines einfachen Baumwolltuchs auf Glanz poliert werden können. Dies ermöglicht es, die Oberfläche des Design-Modells mit Hilfe von Lichtreflektion auf eventuelle Unebenheiten zu überprüfen. Bei bekannten Industrie-Plastilinen werden die Oberflächeneigenschaften mittels Kunststofffolien oder durch kurzzeitiges Aufbringen von Flüssigkeiten, wie beispielsweise Spiritus, geprüft.In particular, the use of hollow microspheres leads to a highly homogeneous structure and consistency of industrial plasticine. The spherical shape of the filler improves the consistency of the industrial plasticine and thus its workability and also leads to highly homogeneous surfaces that can be polished to a shine with the help of a simple cotton cloth, for example. This enables the surface of the design model to be checked for any unevenness using light reflection. In known industrial plasticines, the Surface properties tested using plastic films or by briefly applying liquids such as alcohol.
Bei den erfidnungsgemäß verwendeten Mikrohohlkugeln reicht die Größe der einzelnen Kugeln von mindestens 20 μm bis maximal 180 μm. Im Durchschnitt liegt die Größe je nach Anteils Verhältnis der einzelnen Kugelgrößen bei 25 μm bis 90 μm. Hierdurch wird eine deutlich höhere Materialdichtheit erzielt, ohne daß die plastischen Eigenschaften negativ beeinflußt werden, da eine hohe Packungsdichte zu einem homogenen Material führt. In the hollow microspheres used according to the invention, the size of the individual spheres ranges from at least 20 μm to a maximum of 180 μm. On average, the size is between 25 μm and 90 μm depending on the proportion of the individual ball sizes. As a result, a significantly higher material tightness is achieved without the plastic properties being adversely affected, since a high packing density leads to a homogeneous material.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29720344U DE29720344U1 (en) | 1997-11-17 | 1997-11-17 | Industrial plasticine for design model making |
| DE29720344.4 | 1997-11-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999025663A1 true WO1999025663A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
Family
ID=8048724
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1998/003391 Ceased WO1999025663A1 (en) | 1997-11-17 | 1998-11-17 | Industrial plastilina with binding agents, fillers and preferable colorants |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE29720344U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999025663A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10201946B4 (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2006-07-20 | J. S. Staedtler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Modeling clay and its use |
| DE202005021514U1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2008-08-28 | Btf Produktentwicklungs- Und Vertriebs-Gmbh | Plastically deformable mass |
| DE102016109816A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Udo Tartler | Method and device in particular for applying clay to a surface |
| DE102020006176B4 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2025-04-30 | Staedtler Se | Processes for producing design models in automotive development |
| EP4308643A1 (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2024-01-24 | Staedtler Se | Industrial plasteline and use thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5792568A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1982-06-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Synthetic clay |
| JPS58151366A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1983-09-08 | 川嶋 清治 | Preservation of clay articles |
| RU1770338C (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1992-10-23 | Производственный Комбинат Художественного Фонда Ссср | Method of plasticine production |
| US5364892A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-11-15 | Binney & Smith, Inc. | Modeling dough |
| DE19537723A1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-04-18 | Binney & Smith Inc | Dough-like modeling paste |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2937843C2 (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1981-02-05 | Fa. J.S. Staedtler, 8500 Nuernberg | Modeling clay and their use |
| DE4235748A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-04-28 | Burger Hans Joachim | Extra-low density plastic syntactic foam - consists of mass of hollow polyhedric particles plus binder with very few intermediate gussets of adhesive |
-
1997
- 1997-11-17 DE DE29720344U patent/DE29720344U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-11-17 WO PCT/DE1998/003391 patent/WO1999025663A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5792568A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1982-06-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Synthetic clay |
| JPS58151366A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1983-09-08 | 川嶋 清治 | Preservation of clay articles |
| RU1770338C (en) * | 1990-01-12 | 1992-10-23 | Производственный Комбинат Художественного Фонда Ссср | Method of plasticine production |
| US5364892A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-11-15 | Binney & Smith, Inc. | Modeling dough |
| DE19537723A1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-04-18 | Binney & Smith Inc | Dough-like modeling paste |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8229, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A86, AN 82-60024E, XP002100341 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8342, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A18, AN 83-791356, XP002100343 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9345, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A84, AN 93-358154, XP002100342 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE29720344U1 (en) | 1998-02-19 |
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