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WO1999025648A2 - Generateur de vapeur pour la gazefication du charbon - Google Patents

Generateur de vapeur pour la gazefication du charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999025648A2
WO1999025648A2 PCT/US1998/024173 US9824173W WO9925648A2 WO 1999025648 A2 WO1999025648 A2 WO 1999025648A2 US 9824173 W US9824173 W US 9824173W WO 9925648 A2 WO9925648 A2 WO 9925648A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zone
steam generator
pass
enclosure
synthesis gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1998/024173
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999025648A3 (fr
Inventor
David E. James
Paul S. Larsen
Mark C. Godden
Ted V. Mull
Paul S. Weitzel
William E. Davey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/114,743 external-priority patent/US6312482B1/en
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority to CA002309994A priority Critical patent/CA2309994C/fr
Priority to AU14574/99A priority patent/AU753845B2/en
Publication of WO1999025648A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999025648A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO1999025648A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999025648A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to coal gasifiers and, in particular, to a new and useful combined, integral steam generator coal gasifier for converting coal into useable gas products while at the same time producing steam for electric power generation and/or process requirements .
  • B&W Babcock & Wilcox Company
  • Fig. 1A illustrates this device.
  • B&W also supplied to the U.S. Bureau of Mines at Morgantown, West Virginia, a pressurized oxygen-and steam- blown, slagging type, entrained flow gasifier; see Fig. IB.
  • B&W was involved in the supply of a semicommercial-size, atmospheric-pressure, oxygen-and steam- blown, slagging type, entrained flow gasifier to E.I.
  • DuPont de Nemours DuPont
  • Belle, West Virginia which is shown in Fig. 2, followed by a commercial-size gasifier at the same location; see Fig. 3.
  • B&W performed engineering studies and experimental work on air-blown, slagging-type, entrained-flow gasification for combined gas turbine - steam turbine cycles. This resulted in a joint project with General Electric Company where a gasifier was operated (over a 3 year period in the 1960's) at B&W's Alliance Research Center; please refer to Fig. 4.
  • B&W constructed a gasifier for the Bi-Gas pilot plant at Homer City, Pennsylvania, which was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy; see Fig. 5.
  • the present invention is drawn to a new combined, integral steam generator coal gasifier for converting coal into useable gas products, particularly synthesis gas, while at the same time producing steam for electric power generation and/or process requirements .
  • the integral steam generator coal gasifier has unexpected and useful advantages over any of the previous designs.
  • one aspect of the present invention is drawn to an integral steam generator coal gasifier for simultaneously producing synthesis gas from coal, and steam from heat produced by a coal gasification process.
  • the integral steam generator coal gasifier comprises a vertically elongated, all welded, gas tight enclosure having walls made from a plurality of membrane wall tube panels which lends itself to a subcritical natural circulation design.
  • the coal gasification process occurs within the enclosure and produces hot synthesis gas, and heat which is transferred to a mixture of water and steam flowing through the tube panels.
  • the enclosure conveys the hot synthesis gas from a burner zone at a lower portion thereof to an outlet.
  • a double pitch sloping furnace floor is provided at a bottom of the burner zone and having a slag tap extending therethrough to remove slag produced during the coal gasification process.
  • a corrosion resistant zone is provided above the burner zone, while an upper cooling zone is provided above the corrosion resistant zone .
  • the enclosure walls of the corrosion resistant zone comprise one of bimetallic and/or composite membrane tube panels, while the enclosure walls of the upper cooling zone can merely comprise carbon steel membrane tube panels.
  • a multi-pass convection pass zone is provided above the upper cooling zone, and the multi-pass convection pass zone defines a region containing heating surfaces which extract heat from the synthesis gas as it flows across the heating surfaces.
  • the convection pass zone comprises an upflow pass and a downflow pass for conveying the synthesis gas from the upper cooling zone to the outlet.
  • the heating surfaces within the convection pass zone comprise superheater and economizer surfaces for extracting heat from the synthesis gas.
  • the superheater surfaces comprise secondary and primary superheater surface in the upflow pass and economizer surface in the downflow pass.
  • Part of the primary superheater may be located in both the upflow pass and the downflow pass; particularly, inlet bank(s) of the primary superheater may be located at the top of the downflow pass, while outlet bank(s) of the primary superheater may be located at the top of the upflow pass.
  • ash removal means are provided, connected to an outlet of the convection pass zone for separating ash from the synthesis gas exiting from the convection pass zone, while slag removal means communicate with the slag tap for receiving slag from the burner zone.
  • Another aspect of the invention involves a construction wherein the sloped furnace floor and the walls of the burner zone are comprised of ribbed tubes having a pattern of pin studs thereon covered by a refractory material .
  • the ribbed tubes are multi-lead ribbed tubes.
  • Various proven technologies are also used to improve the predictability and modeling of the coal gasifier and, in particular with regard to its burner flame, the furnace temperature, and the gasification reactions. In particular, these modeling techniques particularly influenced the burner and burner zone design configuration.
  • yet another aspect of the present invention involves the arrangement and orientation (s) of the burners with respect to the walls through which they fire (i.e., their associated wall) .
  • offset burners (preferably two) of offset burners is provided in the burner zone, burners provided and arranged so as to fire through each of the four (4) walls of the enclosure.
  • offset means that a burner on one wall is not located directly opposite a burner on an opposite wall.
  • Each of the offset burners are arranged to fire through their associated wall of the enclosure at an angle ⁇ with respect to a line perpendicular to the associated wall, angle ⁇ lying within a range of about
  • angle ⁇ has a non-zero value lying within a range of about 15 degrees to about 25 degrees.
  • each one burner is also located on its associated wall a distance away from a corner of the enclosure lying within a range of about one-fifth to about one-third of the width of the associated wall .
  • angle ⁇ a vortex is produced within the enclosure which enhances the coal gasification process.
  • Another aspect of the present invention involves the double pitch sloping furnace floor, and which preferably comprises a plurality of K-forgings which physically interconnect tubes forming the sloping furnace floor and fluidically interconnect them with headers located beneath the sloping furnace floor.
  • each K-forging physically joins two tubes from opposite front and rear walls of the enclosure to form the double pitch sloping furnace floor.
  • Fig. 1A is a side elevation view of a known atmospheric- pressure gasifier construction provided to the U.S.
  • Fig. IB is a side elevation view of a known pressurized gasifier construction provided to the U.S. Bureau of
  • Fig. 2 is a view similar to Figs. 1A and IB of a known semicommercial size, atmospheric pressure, gasifier construction provided to DuPont;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view, with portions cut away, of a known commercial-size, atmospheric pressure, gasifier construction provided to DuPont;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another gasifier construction, with portions cut away, used to perform engineering studies and experimental work involving combined gas turbine - steam turbine cycles for General Electric Company;
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a known gasifier construction developed for a Bi-Gas pilot plant at Homer City, Pennsylvania for the U.S. Department of Energy;
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a known, more elaborate gasifier construction with a crossover flue between the separate gasifier and heat recovery sections;
  • Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a combined, integral steam generator coal gasifier arrangement according to the present invention;
  • Fig. 8 is a top plan view of a plural steam generator coal gasifier arrangement of the type shown in Fig. 7, illustrating one possible installation wherein two such steam generator coal gasifiers could be employed side-by-side;
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view of Fig. 7 taken in the direction of arrows 9-9 illustrating an alternative embodiment of the steam generator coal gasifier wherein the burners are positioned at an angle with respect to the walls of the enclosure through which they fire (i.e., their associated wall);
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a known, more elaborate gasifier construction with a crossover flue between the separate gasifier and heat recovery sections;
  • Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a combined, integral steam generator coal gasifier
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a lower portion of the steam generator coal gasifier of Fig. 7, illustrating a double pitch sloping furnace floor construction employing slag tap floor "K” forgings to physically and fluidically interconnect tubes forming the sloping furnace floor;
  • Fig. 11 is a close up view illustrating a single slag tap "K” forging of the type illustrated in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a left side view of the slag tap "K” forging arrangement of Fig. 11, viewed in the direction of arrows 12-12, illustrating how multiple, staggered slag tap "K” forgings and their associated furnace floor tubes are assembled next to one another to produce the double pitch sloping furnace floor; and
  • Fig. 13 is a top plan view of Fig. 12, viewed in the direction of arrows 13-13.
  • FIG. 7 an integral steam generator coal gasifier, generally designated 10, according to the present invention.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 employs various elements from the prior art, but represents a new advantageous combination and arrangement that has unexpected advantages over any of the previous structures alone or in combination.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 is an atmospheric-pressure, oxygen- (or oxygen- containing gas or fluid such as steam, air, oxygen-enriched air, carbon dioxide, or the like) blown gasifier designed for the production of raw synthetic gas 12.
  • This synthetic gas 12 may be further refined and made into ammonia or the like, for example, or for the production of fertilizers, methanol, CO, chemicals and explosives, etc., for industry.
  • Fig. 7 only illustrates a single steam generator coal gasifier 10 arrangement, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that two or more steam generator coal gasifiers 10 could be employed at a given installation.
  • This aspect is schematically shown in Fig. 8, which illustrates two (2) steam generator coal gasifiers 10 side-by-side.
  • the design of the integral steam generator coal gasifier 10 incorporates a variety of proven technologies in an unobvious combination with each other to meet design objectives.
  • the integral steam generator coal gasifier 10 includes the following features :
  • the submerged drag chain conveyor further has the advantage of acting as a pressure seal against the furnace gases .
  • Advantages of the invention include utilizing components that have been proven through prior use, but not in the combination or configuration of the present invention, to provide a safe and reliable solution for industries requiring synthetic gas products.
  • the invention also utilizes computer modeling for determining gasification reactions, CFD modeling for determining furnace flame patterns, burner design and placement, and furnace temperature profiles. The advancements in this technology have not been used for designing coal gasifiers in the past .
  • the present invention provides a completely water-cooled, gas tight, enclosure 14 from the burner zone 16 to an outlet 40 of the multi-pass convection pass zone 28.
  • This construction eliminates the need for a crossover flue as required in previous gasifier designs (see, for example, Fig. 6) and thus simplifies mechanical and maintenance issues while creating a reliable, compact, design.
  • the present invention also produces higher operating steam temperatures and pressures due to the use of pin studs/refractory, bimetallic and/or composite tubes, and proper selection of convection surface materials, resulting in higher steam cycle efficiencies.
  • the vertically elongated, all welded, gas tight enclosure 14 has four (4) walls made from a plurality of tubes formed into a plurality membrane wall tube panels of known construction. From bottom to top, the enclosure 14 comprises several zones: a burner zone 16, a corrosion resistant zone 24, an upper cooling zone 26, and a multi-pass convection pass zone 28.
  • the coal gasification process which produces the synthesis gas 12 takes place within the enclosure 14, and primarily occurs in the burner zone 16, and corrosion resistant zone 24, and upper cooling zone 26, and produces heat which is conveyed into and creates a mixture of water and steam flowing through the membrane wall tube panels forming the enclosure 1 .
  • This water steam mixture creates a density difference with the water in the downcomers, which results in natural circulation cooling of the membrane wall furnace panels.
  • the enclosure conveys the synthesis gas 12 to an outlet 40 of the multi-pass convection pass zone 28.
  • a double pitch sloping furnace floor 18 is provided at a bottom of the burner zone 16 and has a slag tap 20 extending therethrough which is connected to a slag neck 22.
  • Slag neck 22 communicates the slag tap 20 with either a slag tank 36 or, preferably, a submerged drag chain conveyor 38.
  • the sloping furnace floor 18 and the walls of the burner zone are preferably covered with a dense pattern of pin studs which are, in turn, covered by a layer of refractory material to protect the tubes from the corrosive environment therein.
  • the pin stud pattern is such that the pin studs extend through the refractory for heat conduction.
  • the sloping furnace floor 18 and the walls of the burner zone 16 are preferably made of multi-lead ribbed tubes to enhance heat transfer characteristics and prevent the heat flux on these tubes from causing them to overheat and possibly fail . Referring to Figs. 7 - 9, at least one elevation
  • offset burners 42 is provided in the burner zone 16, one burner 42 being provided and arranged so as to fire through each of the four (4) walls of the enclosure
  • offset means that a burner 42 on one wall is not located directly opposite a burner 42 on an opposite wall.
  • Each of the offset burners 42 are arranged to fire through their associated wall of the enclosure 14 at an angle ⁇ with respect to a line 41 perpendicular to the associated wall, angle ⁇ lying within a range of about 0 degrees to about 25 degrees, and preferably having a non-zero value lying within a range of about 15 degrees to about 25 degrees.
  • Each burner 42 is also located on its associated wall a distance D away from a corner 43 of the enclosure 14 lying within a range of about one-fifth to about one-third of the width W of the associated wall. Together with an appropriate value for angle ⁇ , a vortex is produced within the enclosure 14 which enhances the coal gasification process used to produce the synthesis gas 12.
  • a corrosion resistant zone 24 advantageously having enclosure walls made of bimetallic and/or composite tubes; an upper cooling zone 26 which can employ carbon steel tubes; and a multi-pass convection pass zone 28 which defines a region containing heating surfaces which extract heat from the synthesis gas 12 as it flows across the heating surfaces.
  • the multi-pass convection pass zone 28 comprises an upflow pass 44 and a downflow pass 46 for conveying the synthesis gas 12 from the upper cooling zone 26 to the outlet 40.
  • the heating surfaces within the convection pass zone 28 comprise superheater (secondary superheater (SSH) 30, and primary superheater (PSH) 32) and economizer (EC) 34 surfaces for extracting heat from the synthesis gas 12.
  • SSH 30 and PSH 32 surface is located in the upflow pass 44, while the EC 34 surface is located in the downflow pass 46.
  • Part of the PSH 32 may be located in both the upflow pass 44 and the downflow pass 46; particularly, inlet bank(s) of the PSH 32 may be located at the top of the downflow pass 46, while outlet bank(s) of the PSH 32 may be located at the top of the upflow pass 44.
  • the tubes of the rear wall 48 of the enclosure 14 are bifurcated part way up the wall 48, at 50, thereby forming the multiple upflow 44 and downflow 46 passes in the convection pass zone 28.
  • This design feature is an aspect of B&W' s El PasoTM type radiant boiler which eliminates the pendant convection pass and includes the upflow 44 and downflow 46 convection passes within the footprint occupied by the boiler furnace enclosure 14.
  • some of the tubes forming the rear wall 48 bend inwardly out of the plane of the rear wall 48 and form a dividing wall 52 which separates the upflow pass 44 from the downflow pass 46.
  • the synthesis gas 12 can pass from the upflow pass 44 into the downflow pass 46 because some of the tubes forming the wall 52 are further bent to create passages therebetween at the top of the enclosure 14.
  • some of the tubes forming the rear wall 48 which continued straight up along the plane of the rear wall 48 are also bent to create passages so that the synthesis gas 12 can exit via outlet 40, in the vicinity of the bifurcation 50, again in a manner similar to that of a B&W El PasoTM type boiler construction.
  • the convection surface bundles are supported by notches in the baffle wall thus recessing the bends thereby minimizing erosion and corrosion damage .
  • All of the coils of the superheaters 30, 32 are arranged in such a way that they are drainable so as to prevent damage which could be sustained during startup of the steam generator coal gasifier 10.
  • the PSH 32 is arranged in counterflow with respect to the synthesis gas 12 flow so as to minimize the surface area required for the heat transfer duty.
  • the SSH 30 is arranged partly in parallel flow with the synthesis gas 12 so as to minimize metal temperatures and the tendency for corrosion to occur.
  • the convection pass surfaces have also been arranged to minimize gas velocities and hence the risk of erosion damage potential associated with the high dust level characteristic of this type of combustion process.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 also includes a steam drum 54. Conduits 59 lead from the drum 54 to lower manifolds 56 (see Fig.
  • An inlet to the EC 34 is connected to a boiler feed water supply conduit (not shown) with an outlet thereof being connected to a conduit leading to the steam drum 54.
  • the steam drum 54 is also provided with a level control arrangement known in the art. As is also known in the boiler art, a steam conduit leads from the top of the steam drum 54 to an inlet of the PSH 32, while a conduit leading from an outlet of the PSH 32 leads to an inlet of the SSH 30.
  • the conduit is provided with a spray water steam attemperator (not shown) with a boiler feed water conduit leading from the boiler feed water conduit to the spray water steam attemperator, or other means of temperature control i.e. condenser.
  • a superheated steam conduit leads from the outlet SSH to the plant boundary. Approximately 60 bar superheated steam can thus be withdrawn from the conduit .
  • Temperature control means may be provided between the conduit and the boiler feed water supplied to the spray water steam attemperator .
  • Suitable coal feed means (not shown) and pulverizers (also not shown) supply pulverized coal to the burners 42 in the burner zone 16.
  • Carbon dioxide constitutes the pneumatic conveying medium for conveying the pulverized coal pneumatically from a supply to the burners.
  • An oxygen supply line also is provided to each of the burners 42.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 further includes nitrogen supply fitted with a blower for purging the system with nitrogen on startup/shutdown.
  • pulverized coal is fed to each burner 42 at a controlled rate pneumatically using carbon dioxide as conveying medium.
  • a control arrangement (not shown) controls the carbon dioxide flow rate at a fixed value.
  • Pulverized coal is delivered to the burners 42 via flow control gates and a flow rate measuring device or arrangement.
  • the pulverized coal is delivered into a stream of the carrier gas, for example, (carbon dioxide) which in turn carries the coal to the burners 42.
  • oxygen is fed along flow lines through the burners 42.
  • the burners 42 are preferably of a so-called diffusion type, but may also be of the premix type, with combustion of the oxygen and pulverized coal taking place inside the steam generator coal gasifier 10 ' s enclosure 14.
  • Slag typically at a temperature of about 1400°C
  • Slag tap 20 is quenched and extracted by means of the double pitch sloping furnace floor 18, slag tap 20, slag neck 22, and slag tank 36 or drag chain conveyor 38.
  • the pulverized coal and oxygen react, on burning within the enclosure 14, to produce a gaseous component comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as well as ash. More particularly, a sub-stoichiometric proportion of oxygen is employed.
  • the coal first burns with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide and water at a high temperature. These gases then react with the remaining coal to yield carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the gaseous component i.e., synthetic gas 12
  • Figs. 10 - 13 another feature of the present invention which has not heretofore been employed in known gasifier designs, involves the double pitch sloping furnace floor 18, and which preferably comprises a plurality of K- forgings 60 which physically interconnect tubes forming the sloping furnace floor 18 and fluidically interconnect them with headers or manifolds 56 located beneath the sloping furnace floor 18.
  • each K-forging 60 physically joins two tubes from opposite front and rear walls of the enclosure 14 to form the double pitch sloping furnace floor 18.
  • Each K forging 60 has flat sides which facilitates staggering multiple slag tap "K" forgings and welding them together so that their associated furnace floor tubes are assembled next to one another to produce the double pitch sloping furnace floor 18.
  • K forgings were adapted from a different type of environment, namely, a cyclone furnace environment.
  • B&W recommends a 24" by 36" floor tap opening, larger than the original floor tap size of 18" by 24".
  • the floor tap size was increased in order to accommodate Western, high ash coals, and/or coals with a high sh fusion temperature.
  • Western coals usually have a low ash percentage, the low combustion radiant heat and ash characteristics combine to produce a slag which can get very sluggish. This can lead to bridging and closure of the floor slag tap.
  • the double pitch sloping furnace floor 18 with K forgings 60 is actually a design used for supercritical pressure cyclone boiler floor units, not for a B&W El PasoTM type drum boiler construction.
  • the heat of combustion generated in the enclosure 14 is used to heat directly, i.e., without any quenching thereof with water, the boiler feed water passing along the boiler feed water tubes of the enclosure 14 walls to generate approximately 60 bar steam, to heat incoming boiler feed water in the EC 34, and to superheat the steam from the drum 54 in the PSH 32 and SSH 30.
  • the flow arrangement sets the oxygen flow rate to meet a required flow rate of useful gas as measured by measuring devices known in this art and designed as the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gas product.
  • the control arrangement also adjusts the coal to oxygen ratio to maintain a required concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas produced.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 all waste heat is recovered as high pressure superheated steam, and an external water quench is not required.
  • Scrubbing of the synthesis gas 12 after it exits from the cyclone separator 58 can be included if desired.
  • the pressure drop through the steam generator coal gasifier 10 is such that the synthesis gas 12 is delivered at a required pressure without the need for a booster blower.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 can be used in the manufacture of any chemicals requiring either carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen or both as raw materials. Such chemicals include ammonia and its derivatives, methanol and its derivatives, acetic acid and its derivatives, etc.
  • the steam generator coal gasifier 10 can also form at least part of an integrated electricity generation plant . It is believed that, in the steam generator coal gasifier 10, more than 85% of the theoretical waste heat generated may be recovered as high pressure superheated steam suitable for driving a steam turbine, where the theoretical waste heat is defined as the heating value of the coal inputted into the steam generator coal gasifier 10 less the heating value of the gas, fly ash and slag exiting the gasifier.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un générateur de vapeur intégré combiné pour la gazéfication du charbon, qui inclut une enveloppe verticale allongée entièrement soudée, étanche aux gaz, comportant une zone de combustion munie d'une sole de four en pente double pas traversé d'un foyer à cendres fondues. Des zones successives situées au-dessus de la zone de combustion sont munies d'une tuyauterie appropriée pour acheminer le gaz de synthèse produit selon le procédé de gazéfication du charbon. Une zone de passage convective à parcours multiples munie de conduites à circulation ascendante et de conduites à circulation descendante est située sur une partie supérieure de l'enveloppe et contient une pluralité de surchauffeurs (primaires et secondaires), ainsi que des surfaces de chauffe de récupération qui extraient la chaleur du gaz de synthèse pour produire de la vapeur. Un extracteur de cendres est raccordé à la sortie de la zone de passage convective pour extraire les cendres du gaz de synthèse sortant de la zone de passage convective. Le foyer à cendres fondues placé dans l'aire de la zone de combustion communique avec un réservoir de cendres fondues ou un décendreur à chaîne à drague immergé pour recevoir et évacuer les cendres de la zone de combustion.
PCT/US1998/024173 1997-11-14 1998-11-12 Generateur de vapeur pour la gazefication du charbon Ceased WO1999025648A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002309994A CA2309994C (fr) 1997-11-14 1998-11-12 Generateur de vapeur pour la gazefication du charbon
AU14574/99A AU753845B2 (en) 1997-11-14 1998-11-12 Steam generator for gasifying coal

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA9710312 1997-11-14
ZA97/10312 1997-11-14
US09/114,743 1998-07-13
US09/114,743 US6312482B1 (en) 1998-07-13 1998-07-13 Steam generator for gasifying coal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999025648A2 true WO1999025648A2 (fr) 1999-05-27
WO1999025648A3 WO1999025648A3 (fr) 2001-02-22

Family

ID=26812510

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/024173 Ceased WO1999025648A2 (fr) 1997-11-14 1998-11-12 Generateur de vapeur pour la gazefication du charbon

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1191335C (fr)
AU (1) AU753845B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2309994C (fr)
TR (1) TR200001361T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999025648A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1341878A4 (fr) * 2000-12-11 2005-06-08 Hyun Yong Kim Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et appareil correspondant
WO2008065184A3 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-08-07 Shell Int Research Réacteur à gazéification
CN101709228A (zh) * 2009-11-26 2010-05-19 中节环(北京)能源技术有限公司 带余热利用的生物质三段式气流床气化技术
US8052864B2 (en) 2006-12-01 2011-11-08 Shell Oil Company Process to prepare a sweet crude
US8475546B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2013-07-02 Shell Oil Company Reactor for preparing syngas
US9487400B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2016-11-08 Shell Oil Company Process to prepare a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing a certain amount of ash

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US8960651B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2015-02-24 Shell Oil Company Vessel for cooling syngas
CN103113923A (zh) * 2013-02-21 2013-05-22 山东润银生物化工股份有限公司 四段沫煤富氧气化方法

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1341878A4 (fr) * 2000-12-11 2005-06-08 Hyun Yong Kim Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et appareil correspondant
US9487400B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2016-11-08 Shell Oil Company Process to prepare a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing a certain amount of ash
WO2008065184A3 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-08-07 Shell Int Research Réacteur à gazéification
US8052864B2 (en) 2006-12-01 2011-11-08 Shell Oil Company Process to prepare a sweet crude
US8475546B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2013-07-02 Shell Oil Company Reactor for preparing syngas
CN101709228A (zh) * 2009-11-26 2010-05-19 中节环(北京)能源技术有限公司 带余热利用的生物质三段式气流床气化技术

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1191335C (zh) 2005-03-02
CA2309994A1 (fr) 1999-05-27
CA2309994C (fr) 2004-01-06
WO1999025648A3 (fr) 2001-02-22
AU753845B2 (en) 2002-10-31
TR200001361T2 (tr) 2001-03-21
AU1457499A (en) 1999-06-07
CN1294623A (zh) 2001-05-09

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