WO1999020442A1 - Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same - Google Patents
Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999020442A1 WO1999020442A1 PCT/DE1998/003034 DE9803034W WO9920442A1 WO 1999020442 A1 WO1999020442 A1 WO 1999020442A1 DE 9803034 W DE9803034 W DE 9803034W WO 9920442 A1 WO9920442 A1 WO 9920442A1
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- wood
- component according
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- defined areas
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/06—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
- B27K5/005—Laser-light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/06—Softening or hardening of wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
Definitions
- Wooden component and method for manufacturing and using the component are Wooden component and method for manufacturing and using the component
- the invention relates to a component made of wood, in which the wood has changed properties in geometrically defined areas.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing such wooden components and the use of the method.
- the invention can be used in the woodworking and processing industry, in construction and in the craft
- a device for processing glass, plastic, semiconductors, wood or ceramic which emits the laser radiation in the form of a laser beam by means of laser radiation with a laser radiation source and the laser radiation onto one with a focusing optics Workpiece part consisting of glass, plastic, semiconductor, wood or ceramic focused
- the characteristic of this device is that the laser radiation has a wavelength of approximately 1.4 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m
- the device is aimed at an effective removal mechanism which is to heat up the material to be processed very strongly in the wavelength range from approximately 1.4 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m, so that so-called micro-explosions occur.
- the heated material is removed. This serves for labeling of workpiece parts or the generation of mechanical stresses in glass tubes for subsequent breaking in a melting zone
- melting is also known as a secondary conversion process.Melted areas are usually assessed as negative for the quality of the processed wooden surface.
- the pyrolytic degradation products produced during processing are recorded in the melt and solidifies
- Known processes, such as laser cutting are limited to evaporating wood substance during processing by means of thermal or photochemical coupling of the laser. The change in the wood structure in the areas adjacent to the processing zone takes place arbitrarily. Degradation processes are not controllable, can hardly be avoided and leads in general to a devaluation of the quality of the wood processed in this way.
- the object of the invention is to provide a component made of wood and a method for producing and using the component, in which the properties of the wood are changed in geometrically defined areas so that chemically and physically systematically changed properties of the wooden surface result This should eliminate the otherwise necessary treatments of the wooden surface and result in a number of new application options and areas of application for wood
- the object is solved by a component made of wood with the features mentioned in claim 1.
- Various component variants result from the dependent claims.
- the object is further achieved by a method with the features mentioned in claim 11.
- Variants of the method result from the dependent claims of the component of the component result from claims 22 to 28
- the component made of wood has changed properties in geometrically defined areas.
- the geometrically defined areas only have the properties of solidified wood melts.
- the areas are one or more wooden cells or one or more cell walls Off
- the fusion results in changes in properties of a physical and chemical nature as well as a targeted change in the deformation behavior
- the melt can be used for the production of assemblies of wooden parts and / or wooden particles, or it can be stored in the melt
- the main components of wood like cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses, have no melting point, similar to other polymers, but a broad transition interval occurs in the phase change. Unlike plastics, wood has no homogeneous structure and therefore no concrete softening temperature, but rather a softening temperature range.
- Thermal decomposition processes begin in Wood, even at temperatures below 100 ° C.
- the decisive factor for the onset and progression of pyrolysis is the duration of the heat, since pyrolysis is a continuous process of successive degradation processes.
- Softening begins at temperatures around 100 ° C, with the degree of polymerization of the chains rapidly falls off and plasticization of the material begins. Molten wood is characterized by a low polymer Degree of sation, increase in the proportion of amorphous mass, loss of the fibril structure of the cellulose and the typical cell structure, homogenization and increase in the melting temperature with repeated heating
- the method according to claim 11 for the production of wooden components is designed so that the geometrically defined areas are melted by non-contact, short-term, preferably within 50 ms or less and high energy input, so that the degree of polymerization of the chains drops quickly and plasticization of the material starts, and the melt solidifies within this period
- Laser light is advantageously used as electromagnetic radiation.
- the extent of the interaction area, the interaction time and the intensity are achieved by a combination of relative movement between the beam and the workpiece and by methods of dynamic beam shaping.
- the processing takes place in a gas atmosphere defined by composition, pressure and temperature can be carried out both under inert gas and in a free atmosphere.
- the method according to the invention can be combined with other methods of woodworking, for example with mechanical methods. Melting can be carried out in a defined time regime shortly before, during or shortly after processing with another method be applied
- These foreign substances can be particles and / or pigments.
- they Before the melting process, for example, they are drunk, dipped, coated or during the Melting process, for example using a gas or powder jet, brought into or onto the wood
- the diffusion properties of the wood with respect to surrounding media are changed. In melted areas, the diffusion properties in the main cutting directions of the wood are largely the same.Melting causes the wood surface to become hydrophobic.Melted wood exhibits increased resistance to wood pests due to the targeted change in physical and / or chemical properties, and the hardness and abrasion resistance of the wood surface can be adjusted
- the optical properties (absorption, reflection and scattering) of the wooden surface are changed in a targeted way.
- the shine of melted wood differs significantly from that of unmelted wood.
- the softening of the wood substance in the glass temperature range offers new possibilities for the deformation of wood
- the bar head On a wooden beam with a cross section of 8 x 10 cm, the bar head was created to protect against capillary water absorption in the area of the end grain cut, a closed surface made of molten wood with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the laser beam was generated by a continuous CO 2 lasers with a power of 2500 W and an effective spot diameter of 6 mm using a double mirror scanner in a meandering shape, with a track overlap of 10 percent and a speed of 6 m / s over the end grain surface of the beam head to be processed
- the wavelength and exposure time of the laser beam were chosen so that the solid wood components to a depth of about 0.8 mm be melted
- the reduction in capillary water absorption was determined by wetting with a defined amount of water and measuring the time until the water had completely penetrated into the surface.
- the examination of the molten wood surface showed an extension of the mean penetration time by a factor of 7.1
- Two veneers 3 made of spruce wood were welded together by melting the lignin contained in the wood
- the veneers 3 were previously smoothed by Bugein and fixed in a suitable device so that they lie closely together without a gap over the entire seam length
- the cell structure In order to produce a homogeneous and closed weld seam 5 with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, the cell structure must be removed in a geometrically defined area. Therefore, the wavelength and exposure time of the laser beam 2 were chosen so that the solid wood components to a depth of about 2 mm are melted
- the two veneers 3 are connected to one another by the weld seam 5. After the two veneers have been separated, a broken edge can be seen clearly over the entire seam length. A homogeneous enamel layer can be seen below the broken edge. The cell structure can be seen to a depth of 0.4 mm canceled
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bauteil aus Holz sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung des BauteilsWooden component and method for manufacturing and using the component
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil aus Holz, bei dem das Holz in geometrisch definierten Bereichen veränderte Eigenschaften aufweist Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Holzbauteile sowie die Anwendung des Verfahrens Die Erfindung ist einsetzbar in der Holz be- und verarbeitenden Industrie, im Bauwesen und im HandwerkThe invention relates to a component made of wood, in which the wood has changed properties in geometrically defined areas. The invention also relates to a method for producing such wooden components and the use of the method. The invention can be used in the woodworking and processing industry, in construction and in the craft
In der Holzverarbeitung werden Laser neben Vermessungsaufgaben für Schneid- und Perfo- πerungsprozesse eingesetzt Eine neue Anwendung ist das Abtragen mit Hilfe von Laserstrahlung Von Seltman, J Freilegen der Holzstruktur durch UV-Bestrahlung, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, Springer-Verlag, 53(1995), S 225-228 und von Panzner, M et al Experi- mental Investigation of the Laser Ablation Prozess on Wood Surfaces, Fourth International Conference on Laser Ablation COLA, Monterey, California, 1997 werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten und Verfahren zum Abtragen der durch mechanische Bearbeitung zerstörten Holzschicht mit Hilfe elektromagnetischer Strahlung verschiedener Wellenlangen beschriebenIn wood processing, lasers are used in addition to measurement tasks for cutting and perfection processes. A new application is ablation with the help of laser radiation Von Seltman, J Exposing the wood structure by UV radiation, wood as raw and material, Springer-Verlag, 53 ( 1995), S 225-228 and von Panzner, M et al Experimental Investigation of the Laser Ablation Process on Wood Surfaces, Fourth International Conference on Laser Ablation COLA, Monterey, California, 1997 different possibilities and methods for the removal by mechanical Machining destroyed wood layer using electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths described
Aus der DE 94 02 681 5 Ul ist eine Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Glas, Kunststoff, Halbleitern, Holz oder Keramik bekannt, die mittels Laserstrahlung mit einer Laserstrahlungsquelle, die Laserstrahlung in Form eines Laserstrahles emittiert, und mit einer Fokussie- rungsoptik die Laserstrahlung auf ein aus Glas, Kunststoff, Halbleiter, Holz oder Keramik bestehendes Werkstuckteil fokussiert Das Kennzeichen dieser Vorrichtung ist, daß die Laserstrahlung eine Wellenlange von etwa 1,4 μm bis 3,0 μm aufweistFrom DE 94 02 681 5 U1 a device for processing glass, plastic, semiconductors, wood or ceramic is known which emits the laser radiation in the form of a laser beam by means of laser radiation with a laser radiation source and the laser radiation onto one with a focusing optics Workpiece part consisting of glass, plastic, semiconductor, wood or ceramic focused The characteristic of this device is that the laser radiation has a wavelength of approximately 1.4 μm to 3.0 μm
Mit der Vorrichtung wird ein effektiver Abtragungsmechanismus angestrebt, der im Wellen- langenbereich von ungefähr 1,4 μm bis 3,0 μm den zu bearbeitenden Stoff sehr stark aufheizen soll, so daß es zu sogenannten Mikroexplosionen kommt Das erhitzte Material wird abgetragen Dies dient dem Beschriften von Werkstuckteilen oder der Erzeugung mechanischer Spannungen in Glasrohren zum anschließenden Brechen in einer AufschmelzzoneThe device is aimed at an effective removal mechanism which is to heat up the material to be processed very strongly in the wavelength range from approximately 1.4 μm to 3.0 μm, so that so-called micro-explosions occur. The heated material is removed. This serves for labeling of workpiece parts or the generation of mechanical stresses in glass tubes for subsequent breaking in a melting zone
In der DE 40 33 255 AI wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das der optischen Aufwertung von Holzfurnieren durch Hervorheben der Maserung dient Dies geschieht durch pyrolytische Bräunung der Holzoberflache mit Hilfe von IR-Strahlung Die beim Laser-Schneiden auftretenden Veränderungen an Holz und Holzwerkstoffen untersuchte unter anderen auch Para- meswaran, N Feinstrukturelle Veränderungen an durch Laserstrahl getrennten Schnittflachen von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, Berlin 40(1982)11, S 421- 428, der folgende interessante Feststellungen machte Die braun bis schwarz gefärbten Schnittflachen entstehen durch den hauptsachlich thermischen Trennvorgang und sind charakteristisch für eine Pyrolyse in den Zellbereichen der Trennung Es wird eine weitgehend zusammengeschmolzene Oberflache erzeugt, wodurch die einzelnen Zelllumina im Durchmesser stark reduziert werden Die hohen Temperaturen in der Schnittfuge (etwa 700°C, Arai et al 1979) führen zu einer allmählichen Umwandlung der Wandkomponenten in eine glasige Masse Back, E L Cellulose bei hohen Temperaturen Selbstvernetzung , Das Papier, 27(1973), S 475-483 bestimmte für Cellulose theoretisch aus der Glastemperatur die Schmelztemperatur mit ca 450 °C Außerdem stellte er fest, das ein Schmelzen ohne pyroly- tische Nebenerscheinungen nur möglich sein wird, wenn Erwärmung und Abkühlung in einer genügend kurzen Zeitspanne stattfindenDE 40 33 255 AI describes a method which serves to enhance the appearance of wood veneers by emphasizing the grain. This is done by pyrolytic Browning of the wood surface with the help of IR radiation The changes to wood and wood-based materials that occur during laser cutting also examined parameters, among other things, Paraswaran, N Fine structural changes to cut surfaces of wood and wood-based materials separated by laser beam, wood as raw and material, Berlin 40 (1982) 11, pp. 421-428, who made the following interesting findings: The brown to black colored cut surfaces result from the mainly thermal separation process and are characteristic of pyrolysis in the cell areas of the separation. A largely melted surface is created, whereby the individual cell lumens The high temperatures in the kerf (approx. 700 ° C, Arai et al 1979) lead to a gradual conversion of the wall components into a glassy mass Back, EL cellulose at high temperatures Self-crosslinking, Das Papier, 27 (1973), S 475-483 intended for cellulose theoretically from the glass temperature the melting temperature at about 450 ° C. He also found that melting without pyrolytic side effects will only be possible if heating and cooling take place in a sufficiently short period of time
Die bisher beschriebenen Schmelzvorgange bei der Bearbeitung von Holz werden als störende Begleiterscheinungen angesehen Bis jetzt wurden noch keine Veränderungen spezifischer Eigenschaften von Holz erzeugtThe melting processes described so far in the processing of wood are regarded as disturbing side effects. So far, no changes in the specific properties of wood have been generated
Neben den typischen pyrolytischen Abbauprozessen bei der Bearbeitung von Holz mit Laserstrahlung ist auch das Schmelzen als ein sekundärer Umwandlungsvorgang bekannt Geschmolzene Bereiche werden aber in der Regel als negativ für die Qualität der bearbeiteten Holzoberflache bewertet Außerdem werden in der Schmelze die bei der Bearbeitung entstehenden pyrolytischen Abbauprodukte festgehalten und erstarrt Bekannte Verfahren, wie zum Beispiel das Lasertrennen beschranken sich darauf, bei der Bearbeitung Holzsubstanz durch thermische oder fotochemische Ankopplung des Lasers zu verdampfen Die Veränderung der Holzstruktur in den an die Bearbeitungszone angrenzenden Bereichen erfolgt dabei willkürlich Abbauvorgange sind nicht steuerbar, kaum vermeidbar und führen im Allgemeinen zu einer Abwertung der Qualität des so bearbeiteten Holzes Verschiedene Verfahren, wie zum Beispiel die Plasma-Bearbeitung (DE 41 35 697 AI) erfordern eine aufwendige Vorbehandlung des Holzes und komplizierte Bearbeitungsvorrichtungen, die eine großtechnische Einführung verhindern Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein Bauteil aus Holz sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und die Verwendung des Bauteils anzugeben, bei dem in geometrisch definierten Bereichen die Eigenschaften des Holzes so verändert vorliegen, daß sich daraus chemisch und physikalisch systematisch veränderte Eigenschaften der Holzoberflache ergeben Damit sollen sonst notwendige Behandlungen der Holzoberflache entfallen und sich eine Reihe neuer An- wendungsmoglichkeiten und Einsatzgebiete für Holz ergebenIn addition to the typical pyrolytic degradation processes in the processing of wood with laser radiation, melting is also known as a secondary conversion process.Melted areas are usually assessed as negative for the quality of the processed wooden surface.In addition, the pyrolytic degradation products produced during processing are recorded in the melt and solidifies Known processes, such as laser cutting, are limited to evaporating wood substance during processing by means of thermal or photochemical coupling of the laser. The change in the wood structure in the areas adjacent to the processing zone takes place arbitrarily. Degradation processes are not controllable, can hardly be avoided and leads in general to a devaluation of the quality of the wood processed in this way. Various processes, such as plasma processing (DE 41 35 697 AI) require complex pretreatment of the wood and complicated loading work devices that prevent large-scale introduction The object of the invention is to provide a component made of wood and a method for producing and using the component, in which the properties of the wood are changed in geometrically defined areas so that chemically and physically systematically changed properties of the wooden surface result This should eliminate the otherwise necessary treatments of the wooden surface and result in a number of new application options and areas of application for wood
Erfindungsgemaß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Bauteil aus Holz mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmale gelost Vielgestaltige Bauteilvarianten ergeben sich aus den abhangigen Ansprüchen Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Verfahren mit den im Anspruch 11 genannten Merkmalen gelost Varianten des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den abhangigen Ansprüchen Verwendungen des Bauteils des Bauteils ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 22 bis 28According to the invention, the object is solved by a component made of wood with the features mentioned in claim 1. Various component variants result from the dependent claims. The object is further achieved by a method with the features mentioned in claim 11. Variants of the method result from the dependent claims of the component of the component result from claims 22 to 28
Das Bauteil aus Holz weist in geometrisch definierten Bereichen veränderte Eigenschaften auf Erfindungsgemaß besitzen die geometrisch definierten Bereiche ausschließlich die Eigenschaften von erstarrten Holzschmelzen Im Zusammenhang mit den abhangigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 10 ergibt sich, das die Bereiche einzelne oder mehrere Holzzellen sind oder eine oder mehrere Zellwande Aus der Verschmelzung ergeben sich Eigenschaftsanderungen physikalischer und chemischer Natur als auch eine gezielte Veränderung des VerformungsverhaltensThe component made of wood has changed properties in geometrically defined areas. According to the invention, the geometrically defined areas only have the properties of solidified wood melts. In connection with the dependent claims 2 to 10, it follows that the areas are one or more wooden cells or one or more cell walls Off The fusion results in changes in properties of a physical and chemical nature as well as a targeted change in the deformation behavior
Entsprechend den Ansprüchen 22 bis 28 laßt sich die Schmelze für die Herstellung von Zusammenfügungen von Holzteilen und/oder Holzpartikel verwenden bzw lassen sich Einlagerungen in die Schmelze vornehmenAccording to claims 22 to 28, the melt can be used for the production of assemblies of wooden parts and / or wooden particles, or it can be stored in the melt
Die Hauptbestandteile des Holzes Cellulose, Lignin und Hemicellulosen haben ahnlich anderen Polymeren keinen Schmelzpunkt, sondern es tritt ein breiter Ubergangsintervall in der Phasenumwandlung auf Im Unterschied zu Kunststoffen besitzt Holz aber keine homogene Struktur und somit auch keine konkrete Erweichungstemperatur, sondern einen Erweichungstemperaturbereich Thermische Zersetzungsvorgange beginnen im Holz schon bei Temperaturen unter 100 °C Entscheidender Faktor für das Einsetzen und Fortschreiten der Pyrolyse ist jedoch die Zeitdauer der Wärmeeinwirkung, da die Pyrolyse einen kontinuierlichen Prozeß aufeinander folgender Abbauvorgange darstellt Das Erweichen beginnt bei Temperaturen um 100°C, wobei der Polymerisationsgrad der Ketten rasch abfallt und eine Plastifizierung des Werkstoffs einsetzt Geschmolzenes Holz ist gekennzeichnet durch einen geringen Polymeri- sationsgrad, Erhöhung des Anteils an amorpher Masse, den Verlust der Fibrillenstruktur der Zellulose und der typischen Zellstruktur, Homogenisierung und Erhöhung der Schmelztemperatur bei wiederholter ErwärmungThe main components of wood, like cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses, have no melting point, similar to other polymers, but a broad transition interval occurs in the phase change.Unlike plastics, wood has no homogeneous structure and therefore no concrete softening temperature, but rather a softening temperature range. Thermal decomposition processes begin in Wood, even at temperatures below 100 ° C. The decisive factor for the onset and progression of pyrolysis, however, is the duration of the heat, since pyrolysis is a continuous process of successive degradation processes. Softening begins at temperatures around 100 ° C, with the degree of polymerization of the chains rapidly falls off and plasticization of the material begins. Molten wood is characterized by a low polymer Degree of sation, increase in the proportion of amorphous mass, loss of the fibril structure of the cellulose and the typical cell structure, homogenization and increase in the melting temperature with repeated heating
Dementsprechend ist das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Holz so ausgestaltet, daß die geometrisch definierten Bereiche durch beruhrungslosen, kurzzeitigen, vorzugsweise innerhalb kleiner/gleich 50 ms und hohen Energieeintrag aufgeschmolzen werden, so daß der Polymerisationsgrad der Ketten rasch abfallt und eine Plastifizierung des Werkstoffs einsetzt, und die Schmelze innerhalb dieses Zeitraumes erstarrtAccordingly, the method according to claim 11 for the production of wooden components is designed so that the geometrically defined areas are melted by non-contact, short-term, preferably within 50 ms or less and high energy input, so that the degree of polymerization of the chains drops quickly and plasticization of the material starts, and the melt solidifies within this period
Als elektromagnetische Strahlung wird vorteilhaft Laserlicht verwendet Die Ausdehnung des Wechselwirkungsbereiches, die Wechselwirkungszeit und die Intensität werden durch eine Kombination von Relativbewegung zwischen Strahl und Werkstuck sowie mit Methoden der dynamischen Strahlformung realisiert Die Bearbeitung findet in einer durch Zusammensetzung, Druck und Temperatur definierten Gasatmosphare statt Die Erwärmung kann sowohl unter Inertgas, als auch in freier Atmosphäre durchgeführt werden Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren kann mit anderen Verfahren der Holzbearbeitung, z B mit mechanischen Verfahren kombiniert werden Das Schmelzen kann in einem definierten zeitlichen Regime kurz vor, wahrend oder kurz nach der Bearbeitung mit einem anderen Verfahren angewandt werdenLaser light is advantageously used as electromagnetic radiation.The extent of the interaction area, the interaction time and the intensity are achieved by a combination of relative movement between the beam and the workpiece and by methods of dynamic beam shaping.The processing takes place in a gas atmosphere defined by composition, pressure and temperature can be carried out both under inert gas and in a free atmosphere. The method according to the invention can be combined with other methods of woodworking, for example with mechanical methods. Melting can be carried out in a defined time regime shortly before, during or shortly after processing with another method be applied
Aus der Erfindung ergeben sich die nachfolgend aufgeführten Vorteile Schmelzen ermöglicht die Veränderung der Gefügestruktur des Holzes Das Verschließen der Holzzellen führt direkt zu einer Verringerung der spezifischen Oberflache und es wird die kapillare Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit eingeschränkt bzw unterbunden Holz oder Holzpartikel lassen sich durch Schweißen untereinander verbinden ohne, oder ausschließlich unter Verwendung holzeigener (z B Lignin) Zusatzstoffe Holz kann durch Schmelzen mit anderen Werkstoffen, insbesondere transparenten Polymeren oder Faserstoffen, verschweißt werden Das Schmelzen ist raumlich lokal begrenzt oder flachendeckend möglich, wodurch der Anteil an geschmolzenem Volumen eine geometrisch definierte Große auf oder unterhalb der Oberflache besitzt und somit auch der Grad der Änderung physikalischer und/oder chemischer Eigenschaften definiert ist Mit der Schmelze werden gezielt physikalische und/oder chemische Veränderungen im Holz erzeugt Zu diesem Zweck können zusatzlich Fremdsubstanzen in das Holz eingeschmolzen werden Diese Fremdsubstanzen können Partikel und/oder Pigmente sein. Sie werden vor dem Schmelzprozess zum Beispiel mittels Tranken, Tauchen, Beschichten oder wahrend des Schmelzvorganges zum Beispiel mittels Gas- oder Pulverstrahl in oder auf das Holz gebracht Die Diffüsionseigenschaften des Holzes gegenüber umgebenden Medien werden verändert. In geschmolzenen Bereichen sind die Diffüsionseigenschaften in den Hauptschnittrichtungen des Holzes einander weitestgehend gleich Durch das Schmelzen wird eine Hydrophobierung der Holzoberflache erreicht Geschmolzenes Holz weist durch die gezielte Veränderung physikalischer und/oder chemischer Eigenschaften eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber Holzschadlingen auf Harte und Abriebfestigkeit der Holzoberflache lassen sich einstellen Die optischen Eigenschaften (Absorption, Reflexion und Streuung) der Holzoberflache werden gezielt verändert Geschmolzenes Holz unterscheidet sich im Glanz deutlich von nicht geschmolzenem Holz Die Erweichung der Holzsubstanz im Bereich der Glastemperatur bietet neue Möglichkeiten für die Verformung von HolzThe following advantages result from the invention. Melting enables the structural structure of the wood to be changed. Closing the wooden cells leads directly to a reduction in the specific surface area and capillary absorption of moisture is restricted, or wood or wood particles can be prevented from being joined together by welding without , or only using wood (e.g. lignin) additives Wood can be welded by melting with other materials, in particular transparent polymers or fibrous materials.Melting is spatially limited or can cover the entire surface, which means that the proportion of melted volume has a geometrically defined size on or below the surface and thus also the degree of change in physical and / or chemical properties is defined. The melt is used to produce physical and / or chemical changes in the wood For this purpose, foreign substances can additionally be melted into the wood. These foreign substances can be particles and / or pigments. Before the melting process, for example, they are drunk, dipped, coated or during the Melting process, for example using a gas or powder jet, brought into or onto the wood The diffusion properties of the wood with respect to surrounding media are changed. In melted areas, the diffusion properties in the main cutting directions of the wood are largely the same.Melting causes the wood surface to become hydrophobic.Melted wood exhibits increased resistance to wood pests due to the targeted change in physical and / or chemical properties, and the hardness and abrasion resistance of the wood surface can be adjusted The optical properties (absorption, reflection and scattering) of the wooden surface are changed in a targeted way. The shine of melted wood differs significantly from that of unmelted wood. The softening of the wood substance in the glass temperature range offers new possibilities for the deformation of wood
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen noch naher erläutertThe invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments
An einem Holzbalken mit dem Querschnitt von 8 x 10 cm wurde der Balkenkopf zum Schutz vor kapillarer Wasseraufnahme im Bereich des Hirnholzschnittes eine geschlossene Oberflache aus geschmolzenem Holz mit einer Dicke von maximal 0,5 mm erzeugt Zur Erzeugung dieses geschmolzenen Bereiches wurde der Laserstrahl eines kontinuierlichen CO2-Lasers mit einer Leistung von 2500 W und einem Wirkfleckdurchmesser von 6 mm mittels Doppel- Spiegel-Scanner maanderformig, bei einer Spuruberlappung von 10 Prozent und einer Geschwindigkeit von 6 m/s über die zu bearbeitende Hirnholzflache des Balkenkopfes bewegtOn a wooden beam with a cross section of 8 x 10 cm, the bar head was created to protect against capillary water absorption in the area of the end grain cut, a closed surface made of molten wood with a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.To create this molten area, the laser beam was generated by a continuous CO 2 lasers with a power of 2500 W and an effective spot diameter of 6 mm using a double mirror scanner in a meandering shape, with a track overlap of 10 percent and a speed of 6 m / s over the end grain surface of the beam head to be processed
Um eine homogene und geschlossene Schmelzzone von großer 0,4 mm Dicke zu erzeugen, muß die Zellstruktur in dem geometrisch definierten Bereich aufgehoben werden Daher wurden Wellenlange und Einwirkzeit des Laserstrahls so gewählt, daß die festen Holzbestandteile bis in eine Tiefe von etwa 0,8 mm geschmolzen werdenIn order to create a homogeneous and closed melting zone with a large thickness of 0.4 mm, the cell structure in the geometrically defined area must be removed. Therefore, the wavelength and exposure time of the laser beam were chosen so that the solid wood components to a depth of about 0.8 mm be melted
Die Verminderung der kapillaren Wasseraufnahme wurde durch Benetzung mit einer definierten Menge Wasser und Messung der Zeit bis zum vollständigen Eindringen des Wassers in die Oberflache bestimmt Die Untersuchung der geschmolzenen Holzoberflache ergabt eine Verlängerung der mittleren Eindringzeit um den Faktor 7,1 Zwei Furniere 3 aus Fichtenholz wurden durch Aufschmelzen des im Holz enthaltenen Lignins untereinander verschweißtThe reduction in capillary water absorption was determined by wetting with a defined amount of water and measuring the time until the water had completely penetrated into the surface. The examination of the molten wood surface showed an extension of the mean penetration time by a factor of 7.1 Two veneers 3 made of spruce wood were welded together by melting the lignin contained in the wood
Dafür wurden die Furniere 3 zuvor durch Bugein geglättet und in einer geeigneten Vorrichtung so fixiert, daß sie ohne Abstand über der gesamten Nahtlange dicht zusammen liegenFor this, the veneers 3 were previously smoothed by Bugein and fixed in a suitable device so that they lie closely together without a gap over the entire seam length
Zur Erzeugung einer Schweißnaht 5 wurde der Laserstrahl 2 eines kontinuierlichen CO2- Lasers mit einer Leistung von 2500 W, einem Wirkfleckdurchmesser von 13 mm und einer Geschwindigkeit von 12 m/s geradlinig über die vorbereitete Nahtflache bewegtTo produce a weld seam 5, the laser beam 2 of a continuous CO 2 laser with an output of 2500 W, an effective spot diameter of 13 mm and a speed of 12 m / s was moved in a straight line over the prepared seam surface
Um eine homogene und geschlossene Schweißnaht 5 mit einer Dicke von mindestens 0,5 mm zu erzeugen, muß die Zellstruktur in einem geometrisch definierten Bereich aufgehoben werden Daher wurden Wellenlange und Einwirkzeit des Laserstrahls 2 so gewählt, daß die festen Holzbestandteile bis in eine Tiefe von etwa 2 mm aufgeschmolzen werdenIn order to produce a homogeneous and closed weld seam 5 with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, the cell structure must be removed in a geometrically defined area. Therefore, the wavelength and exposure time of the laser beam 2 were chosen so that the solid wood components to a depth of about 2 mm are melted
Nach der Bearbeitung sind die beiden Furniere 3 durch die Schweißnaht 5 untereinander verbunden Nach dem Trennen der beiden Furniere ist im Mikroskop deutlich und über die gesamte Nahtlange eine Bruchkante zu erkennen Unterhalb der Bruchkante ist eine homogene Schmelzschicht zu erkennen Die Zellstruktur ist bis in eine Tiefe von 0,4 mm aufgehoben After processing, the two veneers 3 are connected to one another by the weld seam 5. After the two veneers have been separated, a broken edge can be seen clearly over the entire seam length. A homogeneous enamel layer can be seen below the broken edge. The cell structure can be seen to a depth of 0.4 mm canceled
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
1 - Strahlführung1 - Beam guidance
2 - Laserstrahl2 - laser beam
3 - Furnier3 - veneer
4 - Bearbeitungsrichtung4 - Machining direction
5 - Schweißnaht5 - weld
6 - Schmelze 6 - melt
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002306630A CA2306630A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same |
| EP98959732A EP1021283A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same |
| AU15549/99A AU1554999A (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19745706.1 | 1997-10-16 | ||
| DE19745706A DE19745706B4 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1997-10-16 | Method for producing a component from wood |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999020442A1 true WO1999020442A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
Family
ID=7845709
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1998/003034 Ceased WO1999020442A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 | 1998-10-16 | Wood component and a method for the production and application of the same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1021283A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1554999A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2306630A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19745706B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999020442A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006090287A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-31 | Flooring Industries Ltd | Method for manufacturing floor panels, as well as floor panel obtained by means of such method |
| EP2033752A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-11 | Markus Brühwiler | Board for use on the outer areas of buildings and method for its manufacture |
| US8056236B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2011-11-15 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Method for manufacturing floor panels, as well as floor panel obtained by means of such method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2929876B1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2014-04-25 | Faurecia Interieur Ind | PROCESS FOR TREATING A WOODEN ELEMENT OF A PARTICULAR SPECIES |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60127102A (en) * | 1983-12-13 | 1985-07-06 | 大建工業株式会社 | Ornamental material |
| US4943700A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1990-07-24 | Austral Asian Lasers Pty. Ltd. | Laser sawmill |
| RU1790487C (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-01-23 | Иркутский научно-исследовательский институт лесной промышленности | Method for welding wood |
| FR2710290A1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-31 | Prieur Sa | Glulam (adhesive-bonded laminate) profile and joinery (woodwork) products having plies made of wood rendered refractory |
| WO1995025621A1 (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-28 | Seltman Joachim W O | A method and apparatus for producing a wood surface |
| JPH09155814A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-06-17 | Tomiyasu Honda | Compressed wooden material and production thereof |
| FR2751579A1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-01-30 | N O W New Option Wood | WOOD PROCESSING PROCESS WITH GLASS TRANSITION STAGE |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4033255C2 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1994-02-24 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for high-contrast highlighting of the early wood portion compared to the late wood portion in the grain pattern of a low-contrast wooden part in the original condition due to the effect of heat |
| DE9402681U1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1994-04-21 | Aesculap-Meditec GmbH, 07745 Jena | Device for processing glass, plastic, semiconductors, wood or ceramic using laser radiation |
| RU2187474C2 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 2002-08-20 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. | Method and apparatus for applying outer covering on optical fiber blank rod |
-
1997
- 1997-10-16 DE DE19745706A patent/DE19745706B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-10-16 WO PCT/DE1998/003034 patent/WO1999020442A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-16 AU AU15549/99A patent/AU1554999A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-16 CA CA002306630A patent/CA2306630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-16 EP EP98959732A patent/EP1021283A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60127102A (en) * | 1983-12-13 | 1985-07-06 | 大建工業株式会社 | Ornamental material |
| US4943700A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1990-07-24 | Austral Asian Lasers Pty. Ltd. | Laser sawmill |
| RU1790487C (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-01-23 | Иркутский научно-исследовательский институт лесной промышленности | Method for welding wood |
| FR2710290A1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-31 | Prieur Sa | Glulam (adhesive-bonded laminate) profile and joinery (woodwork) products having plies made of wood rendered refractory |
| WO1995025621A1 (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-28 | Seltman Joachim W O | A method and apparatus for producing a wood surface |
| JPH09155814A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-06-17 | Tomiyasu Honda | Compressed wooden material and production thereof |
| FR2751579A1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-01-30 | N O W New Option Wood | WOOD PROCESSING PROCESS WITH GLASS TRANSITION STAGE |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9228, Derwent World Patents Index; Class F09, AN 92-232090, XP002096650 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 9410, Derwent World Patents Index; Class P63, AN 94-081617, XP002096973 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 097, no. 010 31 October 1997 (1997-10-31) * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006090287A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-31 | Flooring Industries Ltd | Method for manufacturing floor panels, as well as floor panel obtained by means of such method |
| BE1016464A3 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-11-07 | Flooring Ind Ltd | Manufacture of laminate floor panels used in forming floating floor covering, involves forming floor panels at least partially using laser treatment of board-shaped material |
| US8056236B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2011-11-15 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Method for manufacturing floor panels, as well as floor panel obtained by means of such method |
| US8591786B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2013-11-26 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Method for manufacturing floor panels, as well as floor panel obtained by means of such method |
| EP2033752A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-11 | Markus Brühwiler | Board for use on the outer areas of buildings and method for its manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19745706A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| CA2306630A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| DE19745706B4 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| AU1554999A (en) | 1999-05-10 |
| EP1021283A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
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